DRW - STTH

ENGLISH FOR

CIVIL ENGINEERING II

FIRST STAGE OF BUILDING

The digger takes the dirt out. It puts the dirt at the back of the truck and

when its full the truck holds the dirt away. Theres another digger. Its clearing

away a lot of small pieces of concrete that nobody needs anymore. And here

another digger. Its dumping sand in abig pile and driving off to get some more.

Heres all thats been dug already. This truck has picked up lots up sand to put at

the bottom of the hole ready for concrete to be

poured on top. There it goes!

This builder is padding down the sand

with a kanga-hammer. It squashes the sand so

that its really hard and flat. Here comes more

sand. That special digger with a caterpillar

truck is delivering it. The kanga-hammer

bounces up and down. Its called the kanga-

hammer because its like a kangoroo.

Kangoroo bounce up and down and so does this hammer. The buider has to be

very careful when hes using this hammer. Its very powerful.

Here are two tower cranes. They work high up in the sky. Look! They can

see the whole foundation underneth them. Cranes are lorrying something down to

the builders. I wonder what it is! I see its a big bundle of special metal rods.

These rods are called rebars. The builders lay them on top of the

foundation just before they pour in the concrete. That way the foundation is

made out of concrete and metal so that its very very strong. Metal bars have to be

put together just like a big jigsaw puzzle. The builders melt the end with a special

flint torch. That way, different pieces of rebar can be joined together.

Exercise 1

Can you describe any synonym for soil and for construction crane? Where does

the term kanga-hammer come from?

Exercise 2

Find the antonym from the text

1. Empty :

2. Obviate :

3. Less :

4. Unwilling :

5. Uneven :

6. General :

7. Careless :

8. Inquire :

9. Continue :

10. Divide :

Exercise 3

Give the fuction from the words below

1. Digger 5. Metal bars

2. Kanga-hammer 6. Flint torch

3. Caterpillar truck 7. Rebar

4. Tower crane 8. Metal rod

NUMBERS

I. Match the words with the examples on the right:

1. cardinal numbers a. , 2/3, 28/36

2. ordinal numbers b. First, second, third, ...

3. decimals c. 1, 2, 3,

4. fractions d. 12%, 89%...

5. percentages e. 2.3, 4.698

* Each digit after the decimal point is read separately: two point three, four

point six nine eight.

II. Match these written numbers with the way they

are read:

1. 60% a. one third

2. 3 b. two fifths

3. 3.4 c. two point eight seven

4. 8.5% d. eight point five percent

5. 1/3 e. three point four

6. 2.87 f. sixty percent

7. 3/4 g. three and a half

8. 2/5 h. three quarters

III. Put these words and phrases into the sentences below:

times/multiplied by, divided by, minus, plus

1. Four________ eighteen equals twenty-two.

2. Seventeen ____________ thirteen equals two hundred twenty-one.

3. Ninety-six _________ four equals twenty-four.

4. Ten ________ nine equals one.

Written in full:

1. 5 + 4 = 9 1. Five plus four equals (or: is equal to) nine.

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

Safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health

and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all

occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As

a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,

customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who

are impacted by the workplace environment. The average person finds it difficult

to assess risks and that is why work practices need to be regulated.

Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of your business, no

matter what size it is. As a business owner you have responsibilities regarding

health and safety in your workplace. Even if you dont have

any employees, you must ensure that your business doesnt

create health and safety problems for your customers and

the general public.

Knowing and understanding the Occupational

Health and Safety laws can help you avoid the unnecessary

costs and damage to your business caused by workplace

injury and illness. There are many examples of dangerous

activities at your workplace, such as welding without goggles, working at a

construction site without the protection of a hard hat, working in noisy

environments without ear plugs or mufflers, working in production with different

possibly hazardous materials without protective gloves and/or clothes, smoking

near inflammable substance. There are different risky or hazardous situations,

such as: combustion, contamination, dust, the possibility of explosion, poisonous

fumes, gas leakages, toxic vapors, the danger of electrical shock which can all

have effects on us and can cause lethal or very serious damage to our body (for

example: vomiting, dizziness, burns, birth defects, cancer, genetic damage). All

around risky environments or materials there are warning signs that people have

to take seriously.

Exercise 1

Find some warning signs and explain them

Exercise 2

Name the safety items below.

a.__________ b. __________ c. ___________

d.__________ e. ___________ f.__________

g. ___________ h. __________ i. ____________

SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

Simple past tense We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished

at a specific time.

Example: He started the company in 1969.

They didnt make a profit in the first year.

Did she work there in 1975?

We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday,

last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year.

Form

verb stem + ed

Positive and Negative

I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrived Didnt arrive

Question

Did I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrive?

The verb to be

Positive and Negative

I/ he/ she Was Was not/ wasnt

You/ they/ we Were Were not/ werent

Past continuous

Use ________ Was/Were + V(ing)

We use the past continuous to talk about:

Things which were happening at the time of speaking.

Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters.

He wasnt working today.

Exercise 1

Change these sentences into positive, negative or introgative sentences

1. We controled the temperature regularly

2. Did he explain the classification of conductor?

3. The current didnt flow from positive terminal to negative terminal

4. They calculated the energy unit

5. They didnt use a tester to current supply in electrical circuits

Exercise 2

MICROSOFT

Thomas (live) in the small town of Brington. He (love) walking through the

beautiful forest that surrounded it. One evening, it (rain) , so he (take) his

umbrella and (go) for a walk in the woods. As he (walk) through the woods, he

(meet) an old man named Frank. Frank (tell) Thomas that if he (want) to become

rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. When Thomas

(return) from his walk, he (think) Frank (be) foolish because Microsoft (be) a

computer stock. Everybody (know) that computers (be) just a passing fad. At any

rate, Frank (insist) that Thomas (be) wrong. While they (discuss) the stock, Frank

(draw) a wonderful graph of future possibilities. As Frank (draw) the graph,

Thomas (begin) thinking that maybe Frank (understand) stocks. While he (was) to

work, Thomas (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he (go) to the

stock broker's and (buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That (be) in 1986;

today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than.

COMPUTER APPLICATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering like, like many other field of human activity, continues to

be computerized. Civil engineers, for example, use information for expert system

to help them in decision making process. They also work with complex computer

database or database management system to plan, analyze and predict operation

of building firms.

Computer speed, accuracy, and the ability to store and manipulate large

amounts of data make computers effective data processing tools. Researhers in

civil engineering brances do experiments to collect data on performance of

structure components. They enter the data in the

computer and process them using various

methods. Theymodel loading of building

structures and theirparts to study their

behaviour (stree distribution) and prevent

structural failuras.

Information technology is developing

rapidly and its role in civil engineering is

becoming more and more important. Currently,

numerous computer applications are actively so

ought to support building operations and research. Some of them comprise:

Word process for typing, storing, editing and printing text

HTML editors for creating and editing documents on the web

Spreadsheets for displying data and performing calculation on them

Graphics programs for creating, editing, and displying pictures and

videos

Database programs for working with large and complex data sets

Expert systems for problem solving predicting

Mathematical (numerical) modelling for understanding complex system

and predicting their behaviour

Program for GIS (Geographic Information System) for handling maps

Besides the basic applications, civil engineers need a network environment

for their work. The integration of computer system and communications liks

enables them to use email and video conferencing. It provides them with access to

information, data exchange and international communication.

The power of computer technology has been increasingly rapidly and has

led to a wider application of computers in civil engineering. Computer technology

is providing numerous opportunities for civil engineering. The use and control of

the opportunities which information technology is offering a challenge for civil

engineers.

Exercise 1

What do they do? Fill the missing words

example: GIS program help to ________ map.

GIS program help to handle map

1. Computer networks _______________ access to information

2. Editors help you _______________ text documents

3. Engineers ________________ basic calculation

4. Computers __________ data

5. Researchers __________ information with their faraway colleagues

6. Students __________ their diploma projects with presentation programs

7. Civil engineers __________ presentations of their products and services in

software like Microsoft Power Point

Exercise 2

Label the elements of these computer hardwares

a.___________ b.____________ c.____________

d.___________ e.____________ f.____________

g.____________ h.____________ i.____________

Exercise 2

Give the name and fuction from the computer items below!

Exercise 3

Below you have some of the amazing discoveries and achievements of modern

times. Match the names on the left with the definitions on the right:

1. Modem a. A machine which records and plays back sound

2. Photocopier b. A piece of equipment, necessary to have Internet

connection

3. Fax machine c. A machine which records and plays sounds and pictures

4. Tape recorder d. a machine which makes copies of documents

5. VCR e. A machine which acts like a person

6. Robot f. A machine which makes copies and sends them down

telephone line

PASSIVE VOICE

A. The form of Passive Voice

Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be as an

auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active voice in

English there is a corresponding passive voice.

Formation

Exercise

Change these sentences into passive voice

1. You must leave the message

The message must be left by you

2. The maintenance department regularly services the machine.

3. You should wear protective clothing in the workshop

.

4. The mechanic wrote a report concerning the failure

5. The mechanic is checking instrument for measuring

6. we will clean the workshop soon

7. He bought a new fork lift for the factory

8. You can improve your mechanical engineering knowledge by practicing.

9. The lecturer has devided material into two main classes

.

10. Office workers will use Electricians Safety Tools

APPLICATION LETTER

Application letter is also called by A cover letter. Application letter is a

document sent with your resume to provide

additional information on your skills and

experience. Business and professional

people are hired on the basis of application

letter and interview

General points:

Keep it brief

Begin your letter or email Dear Mr /

Mrs/ Msxxxx if you know the persons

name, or Dear Sir or Madam if you

dont know their name.

Short paragraphs.

Check your spelling, grammar, and

punctuation carefully.

Part of Application Letter

1. Heading

a. Sender's address:

b. Date

2. Inside Address

This is the address you are sending your letter to (the companys address).

Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them

3. Salutation

Example: Dear Sir,

4. Body

The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why

the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows

how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.

5. Closing

Example: Yours sincerely,

6. Signature

Do not followed by punctuation

Consist of application letter

1. Introduction

2. Statement of qualification

3. Reason for applying the job

4. Availability of the applicant

666 Antares Way Ray,

MA 02072

Januari 15, 2016

Ms. Nancy Mary

Human Resources Manager

McKeith & Company, Inc.

Parkinson Park Plaza, dome 2000

Boston, MA 02101

Dear Ms. Mary,

Application for the position of product designer

In reference to the job vacancies you advertised at the Carpenters Industrial College career bazaar, I would like to apply for the position of product designer. I believe that while I am a

recent graduate, I do have some valuable experience that will enable me to be an excellent

addition to your design team.

I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design

modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a

product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug.

Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum

vitae.

I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and

time.

Yours sincerely,

Almira Aulia