english for beginners
DESCRIPTION
all elements that you need to have a start in learning EnglishTRANSCRIPT
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SECTION 1
SPEAKING
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I. GREETING
Greeting is the first DIALOG to open the conversation between some body,
who already known each other or haven’t known. It also use to introduce
oneself or asking the identity of any people. Greeting as one part of
communication step at the beginning, because greeting means welcoming and
kindhearted of people who making conversation.
Greeting commonly followed by asking the condition person who invited in
the conversation. Here are some words which usually use for greeting and
asking the condition:
Selamat Pagi Good Morning
Selamat Siang Good Afternoon
Selamat Malam Good Evening
Selamat Malam/ Selamat Tinggal/
Selamat Tidur Good Night
Selamat Tinggal • Good Bye
• Bye
What’s your name?
Unit 1
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Sampai Jumpa See you
Halo atau Hai • Hello
• Hi
Apa kabar? How are you?
Baik-baik saja
• I'm fine. Thank you.
• Good
• Great
• Very well
Apakah kamu baik-baik saja? • Are you all right?
• Are you OK?
Saya sedang sakit
• I'm feeling sick
• I feel sick
• I got the illness
Saya sedang pusing I'm having a headache
Saya sedang flu I'm having a flu/influenza
Saya demam I'm having a cold
Saya merasa tidak enak badan • I am not feeling well
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• I am not feeling good
• I am in bad condition
• It’s awful
Yah, begitulah atau Biasa-biasa saja Not bad
II. INTRODUCING
How to introduce is one of the important skill which needed by the people, so
that we will have many friends and wide relationship. Introduction can be
divided by 3 forms; self introductiong, friends, or some things other, e.g.
company, school, etc.
A. Self Introducing
There are two persons here who want to know each other, because they
are as a new student in one school. The coversation between Adam and
Junita, has the purpose of asking and telling their own identity.
Pay attention to the DIALOG below, between Adam and Junita. The
words with boldness are introducing words which usually used to
introducing.
Adam : Hi, may I introduce my self? My name’s Adam. What’s your
name?
Junita : Hi, Adam. I’m Junita. Where do you come from?
Adam : I come from Bandung, and how about you?
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Junita : I come from Jakarta.
Adam : Nice to meet you
Junita : Nice to meet you too
B. Introducing Someone Else
Adam and Junita keep chat each other until Very is coming, and Junita
wants to introduce Very to Adam.
Junita : Hi, Very. So lucky you are. I would like to introduce you with my
new friend, Adam
Very : Hi, Adam. Pleased to meet you
Adam : pleased to meet you too
C. Other introducing
We can introduce our school to the other, study the following example.
May I introduce my school
SMAN 1 Bandung is one of the most favorite senior high school in
Bandung. Our school located on Mulawarman street no. 22 Bandung. We
have many students’ extra activities, like dancer, cheer leader, scout,
basket ball, foot ball and any others.
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Below are some other expressions:
Expressions Functions
May I introduce myself ...
Let me introduce myself. My name is …
I’d like to introduce myself. My name is …
Allow me to introduce myself. My name is …
My name’s ...
I’m ...
Excuse me my name’s ...
How do you do? My name’s ...
Hi! I’m ...
Hello! My name’s ...
Good morning. My name’s ...
Introducing yourself
I’d like to introduce you to my friend ...
Let me introduce my sister to you ...
Allow me to introduce …
This is ...
I’d like you to meet ...
Do you know ...
Oh look, here’s peter, Peter – Jenny, Jenny - Peter
Introducing someone
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III. EXERCISES
A. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures. Complete the conversations by
marking the check box below!
� My first name is Harahap � My Zip code is 45154
� My last name is Harahap � My middle name is Riva’i
� My last name is Harahap � My Zip code is 45154
� My area code is 45154 � My Zip code is 45154
� My last name is Harahap � My telephone number 022-232
� My area code is 45154 � My Zip code is 45154
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1. Practice the conversations with your partner.
2. Make new conversations. Use your own information.
3. Study the conversation below!
Andi : Let me ……………. Myself. My name’s Andi. What’s your name?
Devy : ……………. Is Devy. Where ….. you live?
Andi : I live ……. Trikora St. how about you?
Devy : I come from Jakarta, I just visiting Bandung for vacation.
Andi : Yea I see. Nice to meet you.
Devy : …………….…………….…………….
Abbreviations:
What is = What’s They are = They’re
You have = You’ve They will = They’ll
I am = I’m You are not = You aren’t
I would = I’d Have not = Haven’t
Do not = Don’t Does not = Doesn’t
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4. Share Information
A : “What’s his name?”
B : “His Name is Ahmad”
A : “What’s his Telephone number?”
B : “His telephone number is 022-231
A : “Who is she?”
B : “She is Mrs. Ahmad”
A : “Who are they?”
B : “They are a couple”
A : “What’s his name and her name?”
B : “His name is Abi and her name is Rina”
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Notice: You can share other information e.g. profession, address, status,
hobby, etc.
5. Share the information below by making conversation!
a. His telephone number is 555-9147.
b. His area code is 407.
c. His last name is Kelly.
d. His first name is Richard.
e. His middle name is Paul.
f. He’s from the United States.
g. His address is 4428 Water Street.
h. He’s from Orlando, Florida.
i. His zip code is 32819.
j. His apartment number is 16.
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a. Her apartment number is 10.
b. Her area code is 972.
c. She’s from Dallas, Texas.
d. Her first name is Hilda.
e. Her address is 3177 Luna Avenue.
f. Her telephone number is 555-2846.
g. Her zip code is 75229.
h. Her last name is Lopez.
i. She’s from the United States.
j. Her middle name is Luz.
6. Find and write
407 Alan Mahmud Miss Hali
Risna China 44115 Kate 415
Harris Vietnam Anna Ms. 60639
Mrs. Indonesia 10013 Mr. 312
800 Somalia 916 Colombia Andy
Japan Amka Liliana 75223 94012
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1. Six first names : …………………………………………………….....................................
............................................................................................................................
2. Five last names : ……………………………………………………......................................
............................................................................................................................
3. Four titles : ……………………………………………………......................................
............................................................................................................................
4. Five zip codes : ……………………………………………………......................................
............................................................................................................................
5. Five area codes : ……………………………………………………......................................
............................................................................................................................
6. Five countries : ……………………………………………………......................................
............................................................................................................................
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I. Find the differences
Where are the pencils?
Unit 2
Picture A
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Notice: Mark the differences by pen or pencil and explain it in front of the class!
Picture B
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II. Conversation pairs
� Where’s the computer? � Where are the computers?
� It’s on the table. � They’re on the table.
� Is the map on the table? � Are the maps on the table?
� Yes, it is. � Yes, they are.
� No, they aren’t. � No, it isn’t.
� It’s on the wall. � They’re on the wall.
A. Practice the conversation with your partner!
B. Make new conversation by using your own information!
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III. Share Information
A. Look at the picture than answer the questions!
Based on the picture, you can find where the things in the box below are!
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
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IV. Dictation
A. Write the text which red by your teacher.
1. The computer is on the desk.
2. The notepads are on the cabinet.
3. The marker is on the desk.
4. The paper clips are in the cabinet.
5. The stapler is in the drawer.
6. The index cards are on the table.
7. The chalk is on the desk.
8. The dictionary is on the chair.
9. The index cards are on the desk.
10. The paper clips are on the cabinet.
11. The dictionary is on the desk.
12. The markers are in the cabinet.
13. The notebook is in the drawer.
14. The chalk is in the cabinet.
15. The stapler is on the table.
16. The notepad is in the drawer.
17. There’s a computer on the desk.
18. There’s a map on the wall.
19. There are 25 books in the bookcase.
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20. There are four markers on the cabinet.
21. There are ten pencils in the box.
22. There are two dictionaries on the desk.
23. There are two pens in the drawer.
24. There’s a clock on the wall.
25. There are two rulers in the cabinet.
26. There’s an eraser on the table.
27. There’s a pencil on the table.
28. There’s a calculator in the cabinet.
29. There are five computers on the table.
30. There are 20 pens on the desk.
31. There are 25 rulers in the drawer.
32. There are 12 erasers on the cabinet.
33. There are five books in the box.
34. There’s a stapler on the cabinet.
35. There’s a dictionary in the bookcase.
36. There’s a calendar in the drawer.
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B. Fill the appropriate item, quantity and location of things in the table based
on the text.
Item Number Location
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V. Vocabularies
A. Parts of a house
No Parts of a house Meaning
1 Ceiling Langit-langit
2 Door Pintu
3 Floor Lantai
5 Roof Atap
6 Terrace Teras
7 Wall Tembok
9 Window Jendela
11 Yard Halaman, pekarangan
B. Objects in the room
No Objects Meaning
1 Armchair Kursi tangan
2 Ashtray Asbak
3 Bookcase Lemari buku
5 Bookshelf Rak buku
6 Broom Sapu
7 Carpet Karpet
8 Chair Kursi
9 Clock Jam dinding
11 Cupboard Lemari
12 Curtain Gorden, tirai
13 Desk Meja tulis
14 Divan Dipan
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15 Doormat Keset
17 Electric iron Setrika listrik
19 Flower pot Pot bunga
20 Flower vase Vas bunga
21 Furniture Mebel
24 Lamp Lampu
26 Mirror Cermin
27 Picture Gambar, kulisan
28 Porcelain Guci
30 Radio Radio
32 Sculpture Patung
33 Sideboard Bufet
34 Sofa Sofa
35 Table Meja
36 Tablecloth Taplak meja
37 Telephone Telefon
39 Umbrella Payung
C. In the bedroom
You can find many things in your own room. Are there following things in
your room?
No In the bedroom Meaning
1 Air conditioning AC
2 Bag Tas
3 Bed Tempat tidur
4 Cover Bad Sprei
5 Blanket Selimut
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6 Bolster Bantal guling
7 Candle Lilin
9 Curtain Kelambu
11 Fan Kipas angin
12 Mattress/Bad Kasur
13 Pillow Bantal
14 Rug Permadani
15 Scissors Gunting
D. In the kitchen
Do you like cooking? You need to know the things in it.
No In the kitchen Meaning in Bahasa
1 Basin Baskom
2 Basket Keranjang
3 Bottle Botol
4 Bowl Mangkuk
5 Breadknife Pisau roti
6 Bucket/pail Ember
7 Can/tin Kaleng
9 Cooker/stove Kompor
10 Cup Cangkir
11 Dish Pisin/piring
12 Dishcloth Lap piring
13 Fork Garpu
14 Frying pan Penggorengan
15 Glass Gelas
17 Kettle Ketel
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18 Knife Pisau
19 Mug Mangkuk
20 Napkin Serbet
21 Oven Oven
22 Pan Panci
23 Plate Piring
24 Roasting spit Pemanggangan
26 Saucer Piring cawan
27 Shelf Rak
28 Spoon Sendok
29 Jar Toples
30 Spoon Sendok makan
31 Cup Cangkir
32 Teapot Teko/ceret
34 Toaster Pemanggang roti
35 Tray Baki
E. In the Bathroom
Do you know the things in the bathroom?
No In the bathroom Meaning
1 Bath-tub Bak mandi
3 Brush Sikat
5 Dipper Gayung
6 Faucet Kran
7 Sponge Spon
8 Tub Bak
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9 Pail, bucket Ember
10 Pipe Pipa
11 Scoop Gayung
12 Shampoo Sampo
13 Shaver Pencukur
14 Sink Bak cuci
15 Soap Sabun
16 Tooth-brush Sikat gigi
17 Toothpaste Pasta gigi
18 Towel Handuk
20 Water closet Wc
21 Water pump Pompa air
22 Waterworks, canal Saluran air
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What are you doing? Unit 3
I. STUDY THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES
A. The international Institute of Islamic thought is trying to raise funds to
support Muslim scholars’ activities.
B. The Muslim scholars are working on the Islamization of knowledge.
C. They are crystallizing Islamic thought, concepts and methodology.
D. I am studying English now.
E. He is going to school, even it is raining.
F. They are reading English book.
G. The hunter is hunting wild animal in the jungle.
H. She is searching some articles in the internet.
I. Sinta is sleeping on her bad room.
J. Hery is doing his homework.
K. What is Ms. Chan doing?
L. What is he doing?
M. What are you doing?
N. Who is singing that song?
O. Who is washing the dishes?
P. Where are you going now?
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II. CONVERSATION PAIRS
A. Practice the conversation with your partner!
� What are you doing? � What is he doing?
� No, he’s eating. � No, he’s sleeping.
� I’m sleeping! � I’m talking on the phone!
� My daughter is listening to loud music.
� My daughter is talking on the phone.
� I said, “I’m talking on the
phone!” � I said, “I’m sleeping!”
� What are you doing now? � What is she doing now?
B. Make new conversation by using your own information!
C. Make a short story dealing with any activities which are progressing.
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D. What are you doing?
1. Study the following example!
B : “Is Flora drinking a soda?”
A : “Yes, she is”.
B : “Is Gustavo reading a book?”
A : “Yes, he is”.
B : “Is Rosa watching TV?”
A : “No, she isn’t”.
B : “Are José and Carlos watching TV?”
A : “Yes, they are”.
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2. Make the DIALOG based on the picture below!
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I. HOW TO MAKE AND ACCEPT INVITATIONS IN ENGLISH.
A. "What are you doing next Saturday? We're having some people over for a
meal. Would you like to come?"
B. "Are you free next Thursday?"
C. "Are you doing anything next weekend?"
D. "Would you be interested in coming to the cinema with me tonight?"
E. "How do you fancy going out for a meal at the weekend?"
II. ACCEPTING
A. "Would you like to…"
B. "I'd love to, thanks."
C. "That's very kind of you, thanks."
D. "That sounds lovely, thanks."
E. Do you fancy coming to the cinema tonight?
F. "What a great idea, thanks."
Invitation Unit 4
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III. Declining
A. "Would you like to come over for dinner on Saturday?"
B. "That's very kind of you, but actually I'm doing something else on
Saturday."
C. "Well, I'd love to, but I'm already going out to the cinema."
D. "I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on."
E. "I really don't think I can – I'm supposed to be doing something else."
IV. Speaking Tip
It's important to be polite when you decline an invitation. We normally give a
reason why we can't do something and either apologise, or use words like
"actually" or "really".
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I. Find the differences
Do you have a cold? Unit 5
Picture A
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A. Mark the differences between picture A and picture B.
B. Describe those differences by telling the condition of the people in the
picture A and picture B.
Picture B
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II. Student interview
A. Circle one illness below. Write a sentence about yourself.
a backache a broken arm a cut
a cough a bad headache a sore throat
a stomachache a broken leg a toothache
a sprained ankle a bad cold a fever
I have a cough
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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B. Talk to your classmates. Complete the chart.
A : What’s your name?
B : Alan.
A : What’s wrong?
B : I have a stomachache.
Name What’s wrong
Alan He has a stomachache
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III. Guess
A. Look at the picture and study the example.
B : “Does Flora have a fever?”
A : “Yes, she does”.
B : “Does Gustavo have a headache?”
A : “Yes, he does”.
B : “Does Rosa have a broken leg?”
A : “No, she doesn’t”.
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B. Make the DIALOG based on the picture.
IV. Find and write
May February 14 cough October
a cough a stomachache the flu nose
July 4 a headache 10/31 tooth
April September 12/31 aspirin
shoulder a fever drops toe vitamin C
an earache heating pad a sore throat December 12
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A. Four months : ……………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………...............................................................
B. Five dates : ……………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………...............................................................
C. Seven problems : ……………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………................................................................
D. Four treatments : ……………………………………………………..........................
……………………………………………………................................................................
E. Four parts of the body : ……………………………………………………..........................
…………………………………………………….................................................................
V. Dictation
A. Study the data.
1. The patient is Roberta Thompson.
2. The medical record number is 5846804.
3. The date is Tuesday, April 4.
4. The time is 10:45 a.m.
5. The doctor is Elizabeth Lin, MD.
6. The address is 725 Lincoln Way.
7. The patient is William T. Jones.
8. The medical record number is 7532280.
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9. The date is Friday, July 6.
10. The time is 1:45 p.m.
11. The doctor is Brian Kennedy, MD.
12. The address is 8 Sunset Road.
B. Pay attention for the appointment confirmation form and complete the
appointment confirmation based on the data given to you.
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VI. Vocabularies
Part of Human Body
No Parts of human body Meaning in Bahasa
1 Skeleton Kerangka
2 Body Tubuh, badan
3 Head Kepala
4 Skull Tengkorak
5 Brain Otak
6 Nerve Syaraf
7 Hair Rambut
9 Back of the head Kepala bagian belakang
10 Face Muka, wajah
11 Forehead Dahi/ kening
12 Cheek Pipi
13 Temple Pelipis
14 Ear(s) Telinga
15 Iris Selaput pelangi mata
16 Pupil Biji/manik mata
17 Eye(s) Mata
18 Eyelid Kelopak mata
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19 Eyelashes Bulu mata
20 Eyebrow Alis
21 Nose Hidung
23 Mouth Mulut
24 Tooth/teeth Gigi
25 Gum Gusi
26 Tongue Lidah
27 Palate Langit-langit mulut
28 Jaw Tulang rahang
29 Upper-jaw Rahang atas
30 Lower-jaw Rahang bawah
31 Lip Bibir
32 Chin Dagu
33 Moustache Kumis
34 Beard Janggut
35 Neck Leher
36 Nape of the neck Kuduk
37 Trunk Badan (tanpa kepala, kaki, dan tangan)
38 Breast Payudara, dada perempuan
39 Breastbone Tulang dada
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40 Chest Dada
41 Back Punggung
42 Backbone Tulang punggung
43 Spine Tulang belakang
44 Rib Tulang rusuk/iga
45 Waist Pinggang
46 Belly Perut
47 Stomach/tummy Perut pencernaan
49 Hipbone/pelvis Tulang pangkal paha
50 Bone Tulang
51 Collarbone Tulang selangka
52 Navel Pusar
53 Groin Selangkangan
54 Throat Tenggorokan/kerongkongan
57 Lung Paru-paru
58 Heart Jantung
59 Liver Hati
60 Intestine/gut Usus
65 Artery Pembuluh nadi
66 Spleen Limpa
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67 Muscle Otot
68 Arm Lengan
69 Shoulder Bahu
71 Limb Anggota badan (tungkai dan lengan)
72 Armpit Ketiak
73 Upper-arm Lengan atas
74 Forearm Lengan bawah
75 Elbow Siku
76 Joint Tulang sendi
78 Pulse (urat) nadi, denyutan darah pada
tangan
79 Hand Tangan
80 Palm Telapak tangan
81 Finger Jari tangan
82 Fingertip Ujung jari
83 Thumb Ibu jari/jempol
84 Forefinger Jari telunjuk
85 Middle finger Jari tengah
86 Ring finger Jari manis
87 Little finger Kelingking
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88 Nail Kuku
90 Leg Kaki (dari paha ke bawah)
91 Thigh Paha
92 Thighbone Tulang paha
93 Knee Lutut
94 Calf Betis
95 Foot Kaki
96 Ankle Mata kaki
97 Toe Jari kaki
98 Toe nail Kuku jari kaki
99 Heel Tumit
100 Sole Telapak kaki
101 Instep Mata kaki
102 Blood Darah
103 Flesh Daging (manusia)
104 Marrow Sumsum
105 Skin Kulit
106 Tears Air mata
107 Sweat Keringat
108 Urine Air seni
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VII. TALKING ABOUT FEELINGS/HEALTH ISSUES
Here are some sentences and expressions for talking about feelings and health
issues.
How's the weather today?
How do you feel?
How are you feeling?
Is everything okay?
What's wrong?
What's the matter?
Are you all right?
What happened?
It's really cold.
I'm fine.
Not too good.
I feel sick.
I have a headache.
My leg hurts.
I cut my hand.
He broke his arm.
Let's stay inside.
That's good.
Sorry to hear that.
That's too bad.
Here's some
aspirin
Let me help you.
That looks serious.
Call 911!
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Medical Terms
No Medical terms Meaning
1 Abdomen Perut, daerah perut
2 Abortion Abortus, keguguran
3 Ache Rasa sakit
4 Acidity Kadar asam/keasaman
5 Acute Akut, gawat
6 Adolescent Anak remaja
7 Adrenal gland Kelenjar adrenalin
8 Adult Akil-baligh, dewasa
9 Alcoholism Keadaan sakit karena terlalu
banyak minum minuman
beralkohol
12 Amnesia Penyakit hilang ingatan
14 Anatomy Ilmu urai tubuh
15 Anesthesia Mati rasa
16 Anesthetic Obat bius
18 Asthma Asma, sakit bengek
19 Bacillus Basil
20 Bacteria Bakteri
21 Bandage Perban, pembalut
22 Beri-beri Penyakit beri-beri
23 Boracic lotion Boorwater
24 Bronchitis Penyakit bronkhitis
25 Calorie Kalori
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26 Carbohydrate Karbohidrat
27 Cell Sel
28 Cerebellum Otak kecil
29 Cerebrum Otak besar
30 Cholera Kolera
31 Chronic Kronis, menahun
32 Clinic Klinik
33 Complication Komplikasi
35 Contact Bersentuhan/bersing- gungan
dengan
36 Contagion Penularan
37 Contaminate Mengotori
38 Cornea Selaput mata (bagian luar)
39 Dehydration Dehidrasi, pengeringan
40 Diagnose Mendiagnosa
41 Diet Diet
42 Disease Penyakit
43 Dysentery Disentri, berak darah
44 Emergency Keadaan darurat
45 Emotion Emosi
49 Environment Lingkungan
50 Epidemics Wabah
52 Fainting Pingsan
53 Family planning Keluarga berencana
54 Fatal Fatal, yg menimbulkan kematian
55 Fatigue, Tired Pegal
56 Fever Demam
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57 Flatus Kentut
58 Fungus Jamur
60 Habitat Tempat tinggal
62 Headache Sakit kepala
63 Heredity Keturunan
64 High blood pressure Tekanan darah tinggi
65 Hormone Hormon
66 Hospitalization Hal masuk/ berobat di rumah sakit,
opname
69 Immune Imun, kebal
70 Immunity Kekebalan
71 Inanimate, Die Mati
72 Inflamation Infeksi, bengkak
73 Influenza, Cold Flu
74 Injection Injeksi
76 Laboratory Laboratorium
77 Lame Lumpuh
78 Larynx Pangkal tenggorokan
79 Lungs Paru-paru
80 Malaria Malaria
81 Malnutrition Kekurangan gizi
83 Measles Campak
84 Menopause Berhenti haid, tidak subur
85 Mental disorder Gangguan jiwa
86 Mental stress Ketegangan jiwa
87 Metabolism Metabolisme
88 Microbe Mikroba, kuman
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89 Mortality rate Angka kematian
90 Mute Bisu
91 Nourishing Bergizi
92 Nutrition Gizi
93 Overdosage Overdosis
94 Pain Sakit
95 Parasite Parasit, benalu
96 Patient Pasien
97 Penicillin Penisilin
98 Pest Hama
99 Pollute Mencemari
100 Pregnancy Kehamilan
101 Prenatal Sebelum melahirkan
102 Prescribe Menulis resep obat
103 Prescription Resep obat
104 Prevention Pencegahan
105 Prognosis Ramalan (ttg penyakit)
106 Protein Protein
107 Psychoneurotic Menderita sakit jiwa
109 Puberty Pubertas, masa remaja
111 Rabies Penyakit anjing gila
112 Radiation Radiasi, pemancaran
113 Recover, heal Sembuh
114 Rheumatic Sakit tulang
115 Saliva Air liur
117 Sanitation Sanitasi, kebersihan
118 Scalpel Pisau bedah
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120 Smallpox Cacar
121 Sprue Sariawan
122 Sterile Steril, mandul
123 Stethoscope Stetoskop
124 Symptom Gejala
125 Syndrome Sekelompok gejala yg terlihat pada
waktu yg bersamaan
126 Therapy Terapi, pengobatan
127 Thypus Tifus
128 Tonic Tonikum, obat kuat
129 Trauma Luka berat, kejutan emosional
130 Tuberculosis Penyakit TBC
131 Unconscious Pingsan
132 Urine Air kencing
133 Vaccine Vaksin
134 Ventilation Ventilasi, peredaran udara
135 Victim Korban
136 Virus Virus
137 Vitamin Vitamin
138 Wounded Luka-luka
139 Insomnia Penyakit susah tidur
50
It’s on the corner
Unit 5
I. Study the DIALOG between Karen and Peter; focus on the direction words
which used in the DIALOG.
Karen : Hi Peter, Good morning.
Peter : Hi ... Nice to see you, where have you been Karen?
Karen : Yeah, it’s a long time not to see you. But, I’m sorry, I’m in hurry.
Peter : its ok, what will you do?
Karen : I need to meet my business partner, but I’m still confused where it
is.
Peter : Would you tell me what place you will meet?
Karen : BTC Mall exactly, can you tell me how can I get there?
Peter : It’s simple. You just go straight and you’ll find the intersection.
The BTC Mall is on the corner.
Peter : How long it need to be there?
Karen : It only 10 minutes by walk.
Peter : Ok, thanks Karen. Bye.
Karen : Take your own time. Bye.
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A. After you study carefully the DIALOG above, pay attention about the
purpose of conversation.
B. Find the way for asking direction and also how to answer it.
C. Make your own DIALOG about asking direction!
II. Direction Word
On The ... / Over Di Atas
Under ... Di Bawah
In Front of ... Di Depan
Behind ... Di Belakang
In The Middle of ... /
In The Center of ...
Di Tengah
On The Right Di Kanan
O The Left Di Kiri
On The Corner Di Sudut
On The Side of ... Di Samping
Next to ... / After Setelah ...
Before Sebelum ...
In The Intersection Di Persimpangan
Asking for and Giving Directions
How do I get to …? Bagaimana saya sampai ke ...?
What's the best way to …? Kemana jalan terdekat menuju ... ?
Go straight on (until you come to …) Jalan terus/lurus (sampai tiba di ...)
Where is …? Dimanakah ... ?
Turn back/Go back Berputar, kembali
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Turn left/right (into …-street) Belok kiri/kanan (menuju jalan ...)
Near, Far Dekat/jauh
Opposite Di Belakangnya/berbelakangan
Straight on Lurus
It's on the left/right Letaknya di sebelah kiri/kanan
left/right Kiri/Kanan
Take the first/second road on the... Ambil jalan pertama/kedua pada ...
Cross … Sebrang/menyebrang
Go along … Pergi sepanjang ...
Signpost Papan Penunjuk Jalan
Crossroads, Junction Persimpangan Jalan
Traffic Lights Lampu Merah
Around the Corner Di Sekitar sudut/pojok
In Front of Di Depan
Behind Di Belakang
On/at the corner Di pojok/sudut
At the end (of) Di ujung, paling ujung
Between Diantara (dua)
Next to Setelah
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III. Activity
A. Conversation Pairs
� Where’s the post office? � Where’s the drug store?
� Where’s the school? � Where’s the park?
� Where’s the restaurant? � Where’s the drugstore?
� Where’s the school? � Where’s the hospital?
� Where’s the train station? � Where’s the park?
� Where’s the restaurant? � Where’s the hospital?
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IV. HERE IS SOME USEFUL VOCABULARY FOR ASKING DIRECTIONS IN
ENGLISH.
Asking for directions
"How do I get to your office?"
"Can you tell me the best way of getting to your office?"
"What's the quickest way of getting to your office?"
"Where are you exactly?"
Getting information
"Will you be coming by car or by train?"
"It's much easier if you take the train."
"Which hotel are you staying at?"
General information in English
"We're not far from…" or "We're quite close to…"
"It's about a mile / kilometre / two blocks from…"
"We're opposite / next to / in front of / across the road from / round the
corner from the supermarket."
Giving directions in English
"Come off the motorway / highway at Junction / Exit 12."
"It's signposted 'Manchester'."
"Follow the signs to …"
"There's a one-way system in the centre of town."
"Take the 'A12' to 'Chelmsford'."
"Go straight on / left / right at the lights / at the roundabout /at the
junction of … and …"
"Go past the supermarket."
"You'll come to / see …"
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"It's the first turning on the right after the bank."
Use landmarks to help
"You'll see a large sign / roundabout."
"On your left you'll see an industrial centre / a hospital / the police
station."
"Just after the level crossing / shopping centre (or mall)."
"Go past the petrol station / the garage."
V. FINAL TIPS
If you're giving directions over the phone, remember to speak slowly to
allow the other person to write things down. Check that the other person
has understood. If you're speaking face-to-face with someone, use your
hands to show left, right, or straight on. Use "please" when you ask
someone to give you directions. It's polite, and will normally get you what
you want!
VI. MAKE THE VISUALIZATION OF EACH DIRECTION!
1. Go straight two blocks.
2. Turn right on First Avenue.
3. It’s next to the shopping mall.
4. Go straight three blocks.
5. Turn left on Third Avenue.
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6. Cross Maple Avenue.
7. It’s across from the library.
8. Turn right on Pine Street.
9. Go to the corner, and turn left on First Avenue.
10. Go straight one block to Maple Avenue.
11. The school is on the corner of Maple Avenue and First Avenue.
VII. Share the direction information based on the picture
1. Police Station 2. Grocery Store 3. Bus Stop 4. Bank
5. Coffee Shop 7. Drugstore 6. Gas Station 8. School
57
I. ASK YOUR FRIENDS!
A. How often are you go to the library in a week?
B. How often is your sister shopping in a month?
C. How long does Mr. Andy teach?
D. How long do they live here?
E. How fast He drives motor cycle?
F. How fast Valentino Rossi to win the moto GP competition?
G. How tall is Ahmad?
H. How high is Geulis Mountain?
I. How far is your school?
J. How far is the government building?
I. Key Words
A. Key Words
Word Using Measurement
How Often Number
Times / Often / Usually / Always /
Sometimes / very often / not too
often
How often? How long? Unit 6
58
How Long Time It takes me/It’s about; Minute /
Hour / day / week / year
How Tall Elevation Cm / M / Feet
How High Elevation So High / Very High / Not Too High /
High Enough
How Far Distance Mile / M / KM / Hour; Minute by Car
How Much
/ Many Quantity A lot, Many times etc.
How Weigh Weigh Kg etc.
VIII. Activity
A. Answer The Questions. Follow the model!
Example:
How long does it take you to come here? (10 minutes) It takes me ten
minutes to come here.
1. How long does it take you to get there? (30 minutes)
2. How long did it take you to do it? (a day)
3. How often you recharge your cell phone credit a month (3 times)
4. How tall are you? (170 Cm)
5. How high is that building (100 floors)
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6. How far is your home? (1 hour by foot)
7. How much does your watch cost. (Rp. 100.000)
8. How wide is your bed? (1,5 m)
B. Change The Pronouns In The Brackets Into The Object Pronouns.
Example: It takes (I) ten minutes to get there.
It takes me ten minutes to get there.
1. It takes (we) long to finish it.
2. It took (he) a day to think it over.
3. It will take (she) one hour to learn it.
4. Does it take (you) long to get there?
5. It doesn’t take (they) much time to type it.
C. Make DIALOG by using form of question above!
D. Practice the DIALOG!
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I. Study The Exchanges
Positive Comparative Superlative
Smart Smarter Smartest
Big Bigger Biggest
Fast Faster Fastest
Tall Taller Tallest
Fast Faster Fastest
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
II. Change the Word in the Bracket into Comparative or Superlative Adjective.
A. She is ………. (tall) than her mother.
B. They are ………. (big) team in their school.
C. Andi is ………. (young) than Firman.
D. He is ………. (fast) than other runner.
E. Destiana is ………. (pretty) in her family.
Who is the fastest? Unit 7
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F. The bus is ………. (long) than carry.
G. BRI tower is ………. (high) in block C.
H. Football filed is ………. (wide) than basketball field.
I. Valentine Rossi become ………. (fast) so he win the qualification of Moto
GP.
J. Toshiba notebook is ………. (expensive) than Acer notebook.
III. Share Information
A. Compare all the building (Tall, Wide/Big, Short, Simple/Complicated
Design, etc.)
B. Share the information based on the picture.
C. Make DIALOG which is discuss about the picture.
D. Buildings
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IV. VOCABULARIES
No Buildings Meaning
1 Bank Bank
2 Bar Bar, tempat minuman
3 Boarding house Rumah asrama
4 Book store Toko buku
5 Bus station Terminal bis
6 Cabin Rumah kecil, kamar kapal
7 Café Café
8 Castle Puri, istana
9 Cinema Bioskop
10 Cottage Gubuk, dangau
11 Custom House Kantor Cukai
12 Department Departemen, kementrian
13 Dormitory Kosan, asrama
14 Factory Pabrik
15 Garrison Tangsi
16 Godown Gudang
17 Hospital Rumah sakit
18 Hotel Hotel
19 House Rumah
20 Hovel Pondok, gubuk
21 Inn Rumah penginapan, losmen
22 Movies Bioskop
23 Office Kantor
24 Palace Istana
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25 Parliament Gedung parlemen
26 Police station Kantor polisi
27 Post Office Kantor Pos
28 Prison/gaol Penjara
29 Public House Gedung Umum
30 Restaurant Restoran
31 School Sekolah
32 Shop/store Toko
33 Skyscraper Gedung pencakar langit
34 Stadium Stadion
35 Station Stasiun
36 Theatre Gedung teater
37 Town Hall Balai Agung Kota
38 Warehouse Gudang
39 Work house Bengkel
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I was a teacher Unit 8
I. Study the Following Examples
A. I went to Bali last holiday.
B. He bought many books for thesis’ reference.
C. The ambulance ran fast to save the patient.
D. The teacher taught unit 3 of English module.
E. They moved the table to make the room wider.
II. Change the Verb in the Bracket into Past Participle
A. He … (buy) English book.
B. She … (go) to Bogor.
C. They … (leave) Kharisma Hotel.
D. When did your father … (go) to USA for the international conference?
E. What time you … (entrance) the room?
F. What time He … (take) lunch today?
G. What time she … (sleep) tonight?
H. They … (buy) the apples yesterday.
I. He … (teach) unit 5 until finish.
J. … (do) eat some bread for breakfast?
65
III. Find the Differences
Picture A
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Picture B
A. Compare both of picture A and B
B. Find the differences by marking it
C. Declare the differences into simple sentences
67
IV. Exercises
Choose a, b or c to complete the sentences
1. Alwi … a new prayer mat a week ago.
a. Will buy b. buys c. bought
2. He prayed ‘asr in the mosque … afternoon.
a. tomorrow b. yesterday c. now
3. When did your father … to Mecca? Last year.
a. Went b. gone c. go
4. … Mrs. Amir washes her son’s clothes yesterday?
a. Does b. Did c. Will
5. Her good boy … his clothes by himself yesterday.
a. Washed b. washes c. will wash
6. They … not watch TV last night because they were sleepy.
a. Will b. does c. did
7. When he heard a strange noise, he … to investigate.
a. got up b. does c. gets up
8. When I … my cup, the hot coffee spilled on my lap.
a. Am dropping b. dropped c. drop
9. The armies occupied the Byzantine Empire and … westward into North
Africa.
a. are spreading b. spread c. spreader
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10. The saljuqs advanced into Anatolia, and the ottomans … into Eastern
Europe.
a. We’re expanding b. expanded c. expand
V. COMMON EXPRESSIONS
Question Answer
What did you do last Friday? I went to a baseball game.
Where did you go? I went to Detroit.
When did you get back? I got back on Saturday night.
Where did you stay? I stayed with my parents.
What did Sally have for lunch? She had soup and sandwiches.
What did he eat last night? He ate Chinese food.
How was the weather? It was wonderful.
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Which One Do You Recommend? Unit 9
I. Study the Following DIALOG
A : Hi... How are you?
B : I’m fine, but my house isn’t.
A : What happened to your house?
B : Well . . . my dishwasher is broken, the ceiling is leaking, and the kitchen
window is jammed.
A : Oh, no! That’s too bad. Did you call a repair person?
B : No, not yet. Which repair service do you recommend?
A : I recommend Brewer’s Home Repairs. They fixed my broken dryer last
year.
A : Brewer’s Home Repairs? Wow great. What’s the number?
B : The number is 555 - 1213.
A : I’ll call right now. Thank you for your help.
B : You’re welcome. Good luck!
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II. Preference
Which doctor do you
recommend?
Which coffee shop do
you suggest around
here?
Which library do you
like?
Which ESL classes do
you recommend?
Which shopping mall
do you like?
Which do you
recommend – fixing
problems yourself or
calling a plumber?
Which movies do you
recommend?
Which type of exercise
do you recommend –
walking or running?
Which park do you
recommend?
Which kind of pizza do
you like?
Which do you
recommend – traveling
by bus or train?
Which U.S. cities do you
want to visit?
Which do you
recommend – going
out or eating dinner at
home?
Which electrician do
you recommend?
Which cars do you like?
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III. Which One do you prefer?
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Would You Like Some Cake?
Unit 10
I. Answer the questions about yourself.
A. Would you like some coffee right now?
B. Would you like a bottle of water?
C. What place would you like to visit?
D. What present would you like to receive?
E. What would you like to eat tonight?
F. What would you like for your birthday?
G. What would you like to have for dessert?
II. Share Information
Name Question Answer
Would you like some coffee right now? No, thanks
What would you like to have for dessert?
What would you like for your birthday?
What would you like to eat tonight?
What present would you like to receive?
What place would you like to visit?
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III. Would You Please
A. Please bring me the magazine.
B. Would you mind bringing me the magazine?
C. Ask John to bring me the magazine.
D. I want you to turn on the lights.
= Would you please turn on the lights?
= Want you turn on the lights please?
IV. Exercises
A. Would you please …… me to wrap up this box? (help)
B. Would you main …… me to wrap up this box? (help)
C. Please don’t …… me to wrap up this box? (help)
D. Would you ask John to …… me to wrap up this box? (help)
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SECTION 2
LISTENING
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I. SHORT DIALOG
A. FOCUS ON THE SECOND LINE
In listening part A you will hear a short conversation involving two people;
this conversation is followed by a question. It is important to understand
that the answer to this type of question is most often (but not always)
found in the second line of conversation.
EXAMPLE
On the recording, you hear:
Man Billy really made a big mistake this time
Woman Yes, he forgot to turn in his research paper
Narrator What does the woman say about Billy?
In your test book, you read:
a) It was the first time he made a mistake
b) He forgot to write his paper
c) He turned in the paper in the wrong place
d) He didn’t remember to submit his assignment
The second line of this conversation indicates that Billy forgot to turn in
his paper, and this means that he did not remember to submit it. The best
answer is therefore answer (d).
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EXERCISE
1. Man can you tell me if today’s matinee is a comedy,
romance or western?
Woman I have no idea
Narrator What does the woman mean?
a) She has strong ideas about movies
b) She prefers comedies over westerns and romances
c) She doesn’t like today’s matinee
d) She doesn’t know
2. Woman Was anyone at home at Barb’s house when you
went there to deliver the package?
Man I rang the bell but, but no one answered
Narrator What does the man imply?
a) Barb answered the bell
b) The house was probably empty
c) The Bell wasn’t in the house
d) The house doesn’t have a bell
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3. Woman you just got back from the interview for the
internship. How do you think it went?
Man I think it’s highly unlikely that I got the job
Narrator What does the man suggest?
a) It’s unlikely that he’ll go to the interview
b) He thinks he’ll be recommended for a high-level job
c) The interview was apparently quite unsuccessful
d) He had an excellent interview
LISTENING EXERCISE 1 Listen carefully from the recorder play for you
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He is leaving now
He has to go out of his way
He will not be leaving soon
He will do it his own way
6 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Not all the bills have been paid
They don’t have enough credit
to pay the bills
What she said on the phone
was not credible
He used a credit card to pay
some of the bills
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He locked the door
He tried unsuccessfully to get
into the house
He was able to open the door
He left the house without
locking the door
7 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She’ll call back quickly
She’ll definitely be back by 4.00
She’ll give it back by 4.00
She’ll try to return fast
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3 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She doesn’t like to listen to
Turkeys
She thinks the dinner sounds
special
She especially likes the mast
Turkey
She’d prefer a different dinner
8 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She hasn’t seen Tim
Tim was there only for a
moment
Tim was around a short time
ago
Tim will return in a minute
4 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He’ll be busy with her
homework tonight
He can’t help her tonight
He’s sorry he can’t ever help her
He’ll help her with her physics
9 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She doesn’t like the place he
choose
She doesn’t want to get into
the car
She’s glad the spot is reserved
They can’t park the car there
5 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Her eyes hurt
She thought the lecture was
great
The class was boring
She didn’t want to watch
Professor Martin
10 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
There’s plenty to eat
The refrigerator’s broken
The food isn’t in the
refrigerator
He’s not sure if there’s enough
79
B. CHOOSE ANSWER WITH SYNONYMS
Often the correct answer in listening part A is an answer that contains
synonyms (words with similar meanings but different sounds) for key words
in the conversation.
EXAMPLE
On the recording, you hear:
Woman why is Barbara feeling so happy
Man She just started working in a real estate agency
Narrator What does the man say about Barbara?
In your test book, you read:
a) She always liked her wok in real estate
b) She began a new job
c) She just bought some real estate
d) She bought a real estate agency
80
EXERCISE
1. Women Did you see the manager about the job in the bookstore?
Man Yes, and I also had to fill out an application
Narrator What does the man mean?
a) He got a job as a book store manager
b) The bookstore was not accepting application
c) He saw a book about how to apply for jobs
d) It was necessary to complete a form
2. Man we’re planning to leave for the trip at about 2.00
Women couldn’t we leave before noon?
Narrator What does the woman ask?
a) If they couldn’t leave at noon
b) If it is possible to go soon
c) Why they can’t leave before noon
d) They could leave the room
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3. Man was the concert well received?
Woman the audience applauded for a long time after the
performance
Narrator What does the woman say?
a) The performance went on a long time
b) There was applause through the performance
c) The people clapped on after the concert
d) The audience waited for a long time to begin
LISTENING EXERCISE 2 looks for the synonyms as the key words
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The final exam was harder
than the others
There were two exams rather
than one
He thought the exam would
be easier
The exam was not very
difficult
6 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The firefighter save the homes
for last
A fire fighter saved the hillside
last night
The homes on the hillside were
burned
The house weren’t destroyed
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He’s not feeling very well
He’s rather sick of working
He’s feeling better today than
yesterday
He’d really rather not answer
the question
7 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
There’s enough soup
The spices are adequate
She thinks the soup’s too salty
The man should add more salt
and pepper
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3 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The company was founded
about a year a go
It was just established that he
could go into business
The family is well established
The business only lasted a
year
8 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He was lucky to receive a grant
for his studies
He used his fortune to pay his
fees
He is a scholar at a college with
low fees
He paid to get a scholarship
4 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He didn’t look at the right
schedule
The plane landed in the right
place
The plane arrived on time
He had to wait for the plane
to land
9 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It profited from previous
mistakes
It earned a lot of money
This was the last year that it
would make a profit
It was not so successful
5 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She’d rather go running
She doesn’t want to go into
the pool
She’ll change clothes quickly
and go swimming
She needs a swimsuit to go
running
10 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chuck’s bank account has too
much money in it
He thinks Chuck has the wrong
kind of bank account
He thinks that Chuck is on his
way home from the bank
There isn’t enough money in
Chuck’s account
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C. AVOID SIMILAR SOUND
Often the incorrect answer in listening part A are answers that contain words
with similar sounds but very different meanings from what you hear on the
tape. You should definitely avoid these answers.
EXAMPLE
On the recording, you hear:
Man why couldn’t Mark come with us?
Woman He was searching for a new apartment
Narrator What does the woman say about Mark?
In your test book, you read:
a) He was in the department office
b) He was looking for a place to live
c) He was working on his research project
d) He had an appointment at church
The key words in the second line of the conversation are searching and
apartment, so find the answer which are not contain of these key words.
84
EXERCISE
1. Women I heard that sally just moved into a new big house near the
beach
Man but Sally doesn’t have a cent!
Narrator What does the man mean?
a) Sally has no sense of responsibility
b) Sally sent her friend to the house
c) Sally has no money
d) Sally is on the set with her
2. Woman Did they get the new car they wanted?
Man No, they lacked the money
Narrator What does the man mean?
a) They locked the map in a car
b) They locked many times in the car
c) It cost a lot of money when the car leaked oil
d) They didn’t have enough money to buy another car
85
3. Man Have you finished packing yet?
Woman the audience applauded for a long time after the
performance
Narrator What does the woman say?
a) It’s important to pack the suitcases
b) They need help carrying their bags
c) The man should pack his suit in case he needs it
d) The suitcases are quite portable
LISTENING EXERCISE 3
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She has to wait for some cash
The waiter is bringing a glass
of water
The lawn is too dry
She needs to watch out for a
crash
6 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Twenty pairs of shoes are on
sale
The shoe sales clerk spent
twenty dollars on pears
The shoes cash twenty dollars
The shoes could be repaired
for twenty dollars
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The sweater’s the wrong size
The man’s feet aren’t
sweating
The sweater makes the man
seem fat
The sweet girl doesn’t feel
right
7 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Tom tended to dislike biology
lab
Attendance wasn’t necessary
at biology lab
Tom went to biology lab
There was a tendency to
require biology lab
86
3 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He has been regularly using
computer
He communicates with a
Boston company
He regularly goes to
communities around Boston
He has been traveling back
and forth to Boston
8 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The meal will be served at
noon
The males should be driven
there by noon
He’s expecting the ice to melt
before noon
The letters ought to be
delivered at 12.00
4 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He thought the lesson didn’t
matter
He couldn’t learn the lesson
He learned a massive number
details
He didn’t like most of the
lesson
9 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The weather will probably get
worse later
The news paper headlines
described a bad storm
There was a news about a
headstrong man
He had a new bad
5 (A)
(B)
(
C)
(D)
Some animals started the first
fire
Animals are killed by forest
fires
In the first frost animal die
Frost can kill animals
10 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
If she could do the grocery
shopping
If she prefers cooked
vegetables or salad
If she could help prepare the
salad
If she minds shopping the
vegetables
87
II. MUSIC CORNER
COMPLETE THE BLANK WORDS OF SONG!
LISTENING EXERCISE 4
Avenged Sevenfold - Dear God
A Lonely _ _ _ _
Crossed Another
Cold State _ _ _ _
Miles away
_ _ _ _ those I Love
Purpose hard to _ _ _ _
While I Recall all the _ _ _ _ _
I Spoke to me
Can't help but wish that
I Was There
back _ _ _ _ _ I'd love to be..
Oh yeah...
Dear God
The _ _ _ _ think I ask
of you is
to hold her when
I'm not _ _ _ _ _ _
When I'm Much
_ _ _ Far away
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We all
_ _ _ _ the person
who Can be
True to you
But I left her when
I _ _ _ _ _ Her
And Now I wish
I'd Stayed
'Cause I’m Lonely
and I’m Tired
I’m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ You
again Oh No..
Once Again
There's Nothing
Her For Me on
The Barren _ _ _ _
There's No One
_ _ _ _ While The
City Sleeps
and all the shops
Are closed
Can't Help but
think of the _ _ _ _ _
I’ve had With You
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and some
Memories will have
to help me through
Oh Yeah..
Dear God
The Only think I ask
of you is
to hold her when
I’m not _ _ _ _ _ _
When I'm Much
too Far away
We all
Need the person
who Can be
_ _ _ _ to you
But I left her when
I found Her
And Now I _ _ _ _
I’d _ _ _ _ _ _
'Cause I'm _ _ _ _ _ _
and I'm Tired
I'm Missing You
_ _ _ _ _ Oh No..
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Once Again
_ _ _ _ Search,
Never _ _ _ _ _ _ _ away
Before Love They
Waste away
I found You
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ told Me
to stay
I gave in,
to selfish _ _ _ _
and how I Miss
Some One to Hold
When _ _ _ _ Begins
to Fade
A Lonely Road
Crossed _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Cold State Line
Miles away
From those I Love
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ hard to Find
Dear God
The Only _ _ _ _ _ I ask
of you is
to hold her when
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I'm not around
When I'm Much
too Far _ _ _ _
We all
Need the person
who Can be
_ _ _ _ to you
But I left her when
I found Her
And Now i wish
I'd Stayed
'Cause I'm _ _ _ _ _ _
and I'm Tired
I'm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ You
again Oh No..
Once Again
OHHH...
Yeah...
Yeah...
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LISTENING EXERCISE 5
Christina Aguilera, Hurt
Seems like it was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when I saw your face
You told me how proud you were but I walked away
If only I knew what I know _ _ _ _ _
I would hold you in my arms
I _ _ _ _ _ take the pain away
Thank you for all you've done
Forgive all your _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
There's nothing I wouldn't do
To hear your voice again
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I want to call you but I know you won't be there
I'm sorry for blaming you for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I just couldn't do
And I've hurt myself by hurting you
Some days I feel broke _ _ _ _ _ _ but I won't admit
Sometimes I just want to hide 'cause it's you I miss
You know it's so hard to say _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when it comes to this
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Would you tell me I was wrong?
_ _ _ _ _ you help me understand?
Are you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ down upon me?
Are you proud of Who I am?
There's nothing I wouldn't do
To have just one more _ _ _ _ _ _
To look into your _ _ _ _ and see you looking back
I'm _ _ _ _ _ for blaming you for everything I just couldn't do
And I've hurt myself
If I had just one more day, I would tell you how much that
I've _ _ _ _ _ _ you since you've been away
Oh, it's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It's so out of line to try to turn back time
I'm sorry for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you for everything I just couldn't do
And I've hurt myself
By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you
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LISTENING EXERCISE 6
Whitney Houston, Run To You
I know that when you _ _ _ _ at me
There's so much that you _ _ _ _ don't see
But if you would only take the _ _ _ _
I know in my heart you'd find
A girl who's scared sometimes
Who isn't _ _ _ _ _ _ strong
Can't you see the hurt in me?
I feel so all _ _ _ _ _
# I wanna run to you (oooh)
I wanna _ _ _ to you (oooh)
Won't you hold me in your _ _ _ _
And keep me safe from harm
I wanna run to you (oooh)
But if I _ _ _ _ to you (oooh)
Tell me, will you stay or will you run _ _ _ _
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Each day, each day I play the role
Of someone always in control
But at night I come _ _ _ _ and turn the key
There's nobody there, no one cares for me
What's the sense of trying hard to find your dreams
Without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to share it with
Tell me what does it _ _ _ _?
Back to #
I need you _ _ _ _
I need you here to wipe away my tears
To kiss away my fears
If you only _ _ _ _ how much...
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LISTENING EXERCISE 7
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Story of my _ _ _ _
Searching for the right
But it keeps avoiding me
_ _ _ _ _ in my soul
cause it seems that wrong
really _ _ _ _ _ my company
He’s _ _ _ _ than a man
and this is more than love
the reason that this guy is blue
the clouds are _ _ _ _ _ _ in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I'm gone again
and to him I just can't be true
and I know that he _ _ _ _ _ I'm unfaithful
and it kills him inside
to know that I am _ _ _ _ _ with some other guy
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I can see him dying
I don't wanna do this anymore
I don't wanna be the _ _ _ _ _ _ why
Everytime I walk out the door
I see him die a little more _ _ _ _ _ _
I don't wanna hurt him anymore
I don't _ _ _ _ _ take away his life
I don't wanna be...
a murderer
I _ _ _ _ it in the air
as I'm doing my hair
preparing for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day
A kiss up on my cheek
He's here reluctantly
as if I'm gonna be out late
I say I won't be long
Just _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with the girls
A liar didn't have to tell
Because we both know
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where I'm _ _ _ _ _ to go
and we know it very well
cause I know that he knows I'm unfaithful
and it kills him inside
to know that I am _ _ _ _ _ with some other guy
I can see him dying
I don't wanna do this _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I don't wanna be the reason why
Everytime I walk out the door
I see him die a _ _ _ _ _ _ more inside
I don't wanna _ _ _ _ him anymore
I don't wanna take away his life
I don't wanna be...
a murderer
His trust
I might as well take a gun and put it to his _ _ _ _
Get it over with
I don't wanna do this
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ (anymore)
I don't wanna do this anymore
I don't wanna be the _ _ _ _ _ _ why
Everytime I walk out the door
I see him die a little more inside
I don't wanna hurt him anymore
I don't wanna _ _ _ _ away his life
I don't wanna be...
a murderer (a murderer)
No no no no
Yeah yeah yeah
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LISTENING EXERCISE 8
Coldplay, What If
What if _ _ _ _ _ was no light.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ wrong, nothing right.
What if there was no time?
And no _ _ _ _ _ _ or rhyme?
What if you should decide
_ _ _ _ you don't want me there by your side.
That you don't _ _ _ _ me there in your life.
What if I got it wrong?
And no poem or song..
_ _ _ _ _ put right what I got wrong,
Or make you feel I belong
What if you _ _ _ _ _ decide
That you don't want me there by your side
That you don't want me _ _ _ _ _ in your life.
Oooooh, that's right
Let's take a _ _ _ _ _ _ , jump over the side.
Oooooh, that's right
How _ _ _ you know it if you don't _ _ _ _ try?
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Oooooh, that's right
Every step that you _ _ _ _
Could be your biggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _
It could bend or it could break
But that's the risk that you take
What if you should decide
That _ _ _ don't want me there in your life.
That you don't want me _ _ _ _ _ by your side.
Oooooh, that's right
Let's take a breath _ _ _ _ over the side.
Oooooh, that's right
How can you know it _ _ _ _ you don't even try?
Oooooh, that's right
Oooooh, that's right
Let's _ _ _ _ a breath jump over the side
Oooooh, that's right
You know that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ always turns into light
Oooooh, that's right.
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LISTENING EXERCISE 9
Bryan Adams, Here I Am
Here I am, this is me
There's nowhere else on _ _ _ _ _ I'd rather be
_ _ _ _ I am, it's just me and you
Tonight we make our _ _ _ _ _ _ come true
It's a new world, it's a new _ _ _ _ _
It's alive with the beating of young hearts
It's a _ _ _ day, it's a new plan
I've been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for you
Here I am
Here I am
Here we are, we've just begun
And _ _ _ _ _ all this time, our time has come
Yeah, here we are, still goin' strong
Right here in the place where we _ _ _ _ _ _
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It's a new _ _ _ _ _ , it's a new start
It's _ _ _ _ _ with the beating of young hearts
It's a new day, it's a new plan
I've been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for you
Here I am
Yeah, _ _ _ _ I am
Here I am
Yeah
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ for you
Here I am, this is me
There's no where else on earth I'd _ _ _ _ _ _ be
Here I am, it's just me and you
And _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we make our dreams come true
Oh, it's a new world, it's a new start
It's alive with the _ _ _ _ _ _ of young hearts
It's a new day, it's a new _ _ _ _
I've been waiting for you
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Oh, it's a new world, it's a new start
It's alive with the beating of young _ _ _ _ _ _
It's a new day, it's a new plan
I've been waiting for you
Here I am
Here I am
Here I am, _ _ _ _ to you
And suddenly the world is all brand new
Here I am, here I am, where I'm gonna _ _ _ _
Now there's nothin' standin' in our _ _ _
Oh, here I am
Here I am
This is me
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LISTENING EXERCISE 10
Daniel Bedingfield, If You're Not The One
If you're not the one, then why _ _ _ _ my soul feel _ _ _ _ today?
If you're not the one, then why does my hand fit yours this way?
If you are not mine, then why does your _ _ _ _ _ return my call?
If you are not mine, would I have the strength to _ _ _ _ _ at all?
I never know what the _ _ _ _ _ _ brings
But I know you're here _ _ _ _ me now
We'll make it through and I hope
You are the one I share my life _ _ _ _
I don't wanna run away but I can't take it, I don't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
If I'm not made for you, then why does my heart tell me that I am?
Is _ _ _ _ _ any way that I can stay in your arms?
If I don't need you, then why am I _ _ _ _ _ _ on my bed?
If I don't need you, then why does your name resound in my _ _ _ _?
If you're not for me, then why does this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ name my life?
If you're not for me, then why do I dream of you as my wife?
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I don't know _ _ _ you're so far away
But I know that this much is true
We'll make it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and I hope
You are the one I _ _ _ _ _ my life with
And I wish that you _ _ _ _ _ be the one I die with
And I pray that you're the one I _ _ _ _ _ my home with
I hope I _ _ _ _ you all my life
I don't wanna run away but I can't take it, I don't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
If I'm not _ _ _ _ for you, then why does my heart tell me that I am?
Is there any way that I can stay in your arms?
'Cause I miss your body and _ _ _ _ so strong
That it takes my breath away
And I breath you into my heart
And I pray for the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to stand today
'Cause I _ _ _ _ you whether it's wrong or right
And _ _ _ _ _ _ I can't be with you tonight
And though my _ _ _ _ _ is by your side
I don't wanna run _ _ _ _ but I can't take it, I don't understand
If I'm not made for you, then why does my _ _ _ _ _ tell me that I am?
Is _ _ _ _ _ any way that I can stay in your arms?
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SECTION 3
GRAMMAR
108
I. PRESENT TENSE
The present tense is the tense that may be used to express:
• Action at the present;
• A state of being;
• An occurrence in the (very) near future; or
• An action that occurred in the past and continues up to the present.
A. Simple Present,
The specific function of simple present tense, as follows:
1. The present simple tense is very often used with adverbs of repeated
time. Look at these examples (the adverbs are shown in bold):
• I always come to school by cycle.
• She frequently arrives here before me.
• He never forgets to do his homework.
• I often catch the late bus home.
2. When we want to state a fact or ask a question without any time
reference, we use the present simple tense.
• I live in Frankfurt.
• She plays football but she does not play tennis.
Basic Tenses
Unit 1
109
• For breakfast, he eats rice and drinks cold milk.
3. The present simple tense is also used for statements about rules of
nature and the way the world is.
• The sun sets in the west.
• Most babies learn to speak when they are about two years old.
• Water boils at 100° Celsius.
Study the following rule/formula of Simple Present Tense:
B. Present Continuous
Present Continuous used to describe events happening now, for
examples:
1. I am reading this article.
2. I am thinking about editing it.
3. The international Institute of Islamic thought is trying to raise funds
to support Muslim scholars’ activities.
4. The Teachers are working on the process of knowledge
development.
5. They are crystallizing Islamic thought, concepts and methodology.
Study the following rule/formula of Present Continues Tense:
Subject + is/am/are + (verb + ing) …
Subject + Present Verb + Complement/Object + Modifier/adverb
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C. Present Perfect Continues
This is used to describe events or actions that have begun at some point
in the past and continue through the present, for examples:
1. I have been reading this article for some time now.
2. I have been working as an English teacher for 5 years.
3. I have been waiting for him for 2 hours.
Study the following rule/formula of Present Perfect Continues Tense:
II. PAST TENSE
1. Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding -d or–ed to the root of
a word. Examples:
1. He walked to the store.
2. They danced all night.
A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive
form. Example:
He did not walk to the store.
Question sentences are started with did as in:
Did he walk to the store?
Subject + Have been + Verb (ing) …
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Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded
and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past
is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used
in storytelling.
Study the following rule/formula:
2. Past progressive is formed by using the adequate form of to be and the
verb’s present participle:
He was going to church.
By inserting not before the main verb a negation is achieved. Example:
He was not going to church.
A question is formed by prefixing the adequate form of to be as in:
Was he going?
Past progressive is used for describing events that were in the process
of occurring when a new event happened. The already occurring event
presented in past progressive, the new one in simple past. Example:
We were sitting in the garden when the thunderstorm started.
Study the following rule/formula:
Subject + was/were + (verb + ing) …
Subject + Past Verb + Complement/Object + Modifier/adverb
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3. Simple Past perfect is formed by combining the simple past form of to
have with the past participle form of the main verb:
We had shouted.
A negation is achieved by including not after had:
You had not spoken.
Questions in past perfect always start with had:
Had he laughed?
Simple past perfect is used for describing secluded events that have
occurred before something else followed. The event that is closer to the
present is given in simple past tense:
After we had visited our relatives in New York, we flew back to Toronto.
Study the following rule/formula:
III. FUTURE TENSE
In grammar, the future tense is a verb form that marks the event described
by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the
future (in an absolute tense system), or to happen subsequent to some
other event, whether that is past, present, or future (in a relative tense
system).
Subject + had + past participle …
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A. The most common auxiliary verbs used to express futurity are will and
shall. Prescriptive grammarians distinguish between these, preferring to
express the simple future as will in the second person and shall in the
first and third persons; and preferring to express obligation or
determination in the opposite cases. However, in modern English
worldwide, shall and will are generally used.
Other forms for the future include:
• to be going to + Verb, e.g. "John is going to leave tonight."
• to be to + Verb, e.g. "John is to leave tonight.", which with the zero
copula of newspaper headline style becomes simply to + Verb, e.g.
"John to leave tonight."
B. English also uses can, may and must in a similar way.
• "Should" (the subjunctive form of shall in this context) implies
obligation or commitment to the action contemplated.
• "Can" implies the ability to commit the action but does not presuppose
obligation or firm commitment to the action.
• "May" expresses the least sense of commitment and is the most
permissive; it is also a verb used in the auxiliary construction that
suggests conditionality.
114
• "Must" expresses the highest degree of obligation and commitment ("I
must go") and is temporally nearest to present time in its expression of
futurity ("I must go now.").
To wit:
• I shall/will go
• I should go
• I can go
• I may go
• I must go
C. To express futurity in the negative, a negative adverb - such as "not" or
"never" is inserted after the auxiliary verb, as in all other auxiliary
constructions.
• I shall/will not go
• I should never go
• I cannot go
• I may never go
• I must not go
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D. Additional auxiliary constructions used to express futurity are labelled
as follows:
Future Continuous Formula:
• I shall/will be going
• You will be singing
• He will be sleeping
• We may be coming
• They may be traveling
• It will be snowing when Nancy arrives
• It will not be raining when Josie leaves
Future Perfect Formula:
•
• I shall/will be gone
• You will have sung
• He will have slept
• We may have come
• They may have traveled
• It will have snowed
Auxiliary + Verb Stem + Present Participle
Auxiliary + Verb Stem + Past Participle
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D. Future Perfect Habitual (or Future Perfect Continuous):
•
• I shall/will have been going
• You will have been singing
• He will have been sleeping
• We may have been coming
• They may have been traveling
• It will have been snowing
• It will not have been raining
Auxiliary + Verb Stem + Past Participle + Present Participle
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EXERCISES
A. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences.
1. Puji … a new prayer mat two weeks ago.
a. buys b. will buy c. bought d. buying
2. She prayed ‘asr at her house … afternoon.
a. yesterday b. now c. tomorrow d. at the present
3. When did your parents … to Mecca? Last year.
a. gone b. go c. went d. going
4. … Mrs. Abraham wash her daughter’s clothes yesterday.
a. Does b. Do c. Did d. Doing
5. Her good girl … her clothes by herself yesterday.
a. washed b. washes c. will wash d. is going to wash
6. They … not watch TV last night because they were sleepy.
a. did b. will c. does d. do
7. When she heard a strange noise, she … to investigate.
a. got up b. get up c. will get up d. gets up
8. When I … my cup, the hot milk spilled on my lap.
a. drop b. am dropping c. dropped d. drops
9. The armies occupied the Byzantine empire and … westwards into North Africa.
a. spread b. spreads c. spreaded d. are spreading
10. The Saljuqs advanced into Anatolia, and the Ottomans … into eastern Europe.
a. expanded b. expands c. expand d. Were expanding
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B. Correct one of the underlined words or phrases available in the following
sentences. Then, translate the sentences into Indonesian language.
11. When will Muslim scholars prepares their original work?
Translation : ……………………………………………………
12. The Muslim scholars is will prepare their original works next month.
Translation : ……………………………………………………
13. Are the scholars works be significant for the Islamization of knowledge?
Translation : ……………………………………………………
14. They will to be significant for both knowledge Islamization and Islamic
education.
Translation : ……………………………………………………
15. The scholars are going at host a conference on Islamic education tomorrow
morning.
Translation : ……………………………………………………..
C. Choose a, b, c, or d to complete the sentences. Then, translate the
sentences into Indonesian language.
16. Come down, Dani. Dina will be … soon.
a. saw you b. seen c. seeing you d. see
Translation : ………………………………………………………
17. Hamdi was leaving the room when his wife … in.
a. walked b. walks c. is walking d. has walked
Translation : ………………………………………………………
18. No food … cooked (by her) when her husband arrived home.
a. has been b. will be c. was being d. is being
Translation : ………………………………………………………
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19. When the doorbell …, Dadan was walking to the door.
a. is ringing b. was ringing c. rang d. rung
Translation : ………………………………………………………
20. Are you going to be home, Rini? No, I’ll … my grandmother in Garut.
a. visited b. have visited c. be visited d. be visiting
D. Fill in the blanks on the left-hand side with the suitable words or phrases
available on the right-hand side.
1. What … while the ambulance was carrying - were talking to
the victims? - were you doing
2. While the ambulance was carrying the victims - doing …at the moment
we … a reporter. - are … doing
3. What … Dina and Dani … right now? - they won’t … will be
4. They are … their English exercise … - at 9 A.M. tomorrow
5. Will they be studying Geography …? - doing the homework
6. No, … They … studying Chemistry. - was being done
7. When we were playing badminton, … - be waiting … I come
and knocked the door.
8. Are you and your friend … right now? - wait … I will come
9. What … by you when she came last night? - are you doing
10. Will you … for someone when … - somebody came
this evening, Lina?
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Adverb Examples
After a. After she graduates, she will get a job
b. After she graduated, she got a job
Before a. I will leave before he comes
b. I left before he came
When a. when I arrived, he was talking on the phone
b. when I got there, he had already left
c. when it began to rain, stood under a tree
d. when I was in Bandung, I visited Sate Building
While
As
a. While I was walking home, it began to rain
b. As I was walking home, it began to rain
By the time a. by the time he arrived, we had already left
b. by the time he comes, we will have already left
Since a. I havent seen him since he left this morning
b. I’ve known her ever since I was a child
Until a. We stayed there until we finished our work
Adverb Clauses
Unit 2
121
Till b. We stayed there till we finished our work
As soon as
Once
a. as soon as it stops raining, we will leave
b. once it stops raining, we will leave
As long as
So long as
a. I will never speak to him again as long as I live
b. I will never speak to him again so long as I live
Whenever
Every time
a. Whenever I see her, I say Hello
b. Every time I see her, I say Hello
The firs time
The last time
The next time
a. The first time I saw her, I loved her
b. I saw her for the last time I went to the music show
c. The next time I see her, I’ll say love her.
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I. PREPOSITION OF PLACE
Preposition is part of speech which function to related another word.
Preposition has a specific meaning, it can explain the appropriate position
of thing when the context of the sentences dealing with description that
need to comprehended by the listener.
Some preposition have different function and use. The function and
example of using as attached in the box below.
PREP FUNCTION EXAMPLE
IN
Use 'in' with spaces
Use 'in' with bodies of water
Use 'in' with lines
• in a room / in a building
• in a garden / in a park
• in the water
• in the sea
• in a river
• in a row / in a line
• in a queue
AT Use 'at' with places • at the bus-stop
Preposition
Unit 3
123
Use 'at' with places on a
page
Use 'at' in groups of people
• at the door
• at the cinema
• at the end of the street
• at the top of the page
• at the bottom of the page
• at the back of the class
• at the front of the class
ON
Use 'on' with surfaces
Use 'on' with small islands
Use 'on' with directions
• on the ceiling / on the wall / on
the floor
• on the table
• I stayed on Pramuka Island
• on the left
• on the right
• straight on
IMPORTANT NOTES:
In / at / on the corner
We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
124
In / at / on the front
• We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
• We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of people
• We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
II. PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT
PREP FUNCTION EXAMPLE
IN Use 'in' with static (non-
movement) verbs and cities,
countries, states, etc.
• stay in the USA
• work in New York
AT Use 'at' with static (non-
movement) verbs and
places
• at the cinema
• at work
• at home
TO Use 'to' with verbs of
movement such as go,
come, drive, etc.
• go to work
• drive to California
IMPORTANT NOTES:
The use of ' ' (nothing)
• With verbs of movement and the noun 'home' - He went home. -
they drove home.
• With the verb 'visit' - She visited France last summer.
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III. PREPOSITION; FOR – WHILE – DURING
PREP FUNCTION EXAMPLE
FOR
Use 'for' with a period of
time to express the
duration or 'how long'
something has happened
• for three weeks
• for many years
WHILE Use 'while' plus a verb
form
• while I was watching TV
• while I lived in New York
DURING
Use 'during' with a noun to
express 'when' something
happens
• during class
• during my vacation
• during the discussion
IV. PREPOSITION OF TIME
PREP FUNCTION EXAMPLE
IN
Use 'in' months and years
and periods of time
Use 'in' a period of time in
• in January
• in 1978
• in the twenties
• in a few weeks
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the future: • in a couple of days
AT
Use 'at' with precise time • at six o'clock
• at 10.30
• at two p.m.
ON
Use 'on' with days of the
week
Use 'on' with specific
calendar days:
• on Monday
• on Fridays
• on Independent day
• on October 22nd
•
IMPORTANT NOTES:
in the morning / afternoon / evening - at night
We say in the morning, afternoon or evening BUT we say 'at night'
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V. NOUNS + PREPOSITION
A. FOR
Use 'for' proceeded by the following nouns:
• a check for (amount of money)
Example: She gave me a check for $50.
• a demand for something
Example: Unfortunately, there wasn't enough demand for our
product.
• a need for something
Example: There is a real need for discipline in this class.
• a reason for something
Example: I have a reason for doing that!
B. IN
Use 'in' preceded by the following nouns:
• a rise in something
Example: There has been a rise in prices recently.
• an increase in something
Example: We have seen many increases in production levels.
• a fall in something
Example: There has been a fall in prices recently.
• a decrease in something
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Example: We have seen many decreases in production levels.
C. OF
Use 'of' proceeded by the following nouns:
• a cause of something
Example: She is the cause of all his problems.
• a photograph OR a picture of something or someone
Example: He took a photograph of the mountains.
D. TO
Use 'to' proceed by the following nouns:
• damage to something
Example: I did a lot of damage to my car the other day.
• an invitation to a celebration of some type
Example: We were invited to their wedding.
• reaction to something
Example: Her reaction to his behavior was quite funny.
• a solution to a problem
Example: He provided the solution to our financial situation.
• an attitude to something (or TOWARDS something)
Example: Your attitude to your problems doesn't help them get
resolved.
129
E. WITH
Use 'with' proceeded by the following nouns:
• a relationship with someone or something
Example: My relationship with Mary is wonderful.
• a connection with someone or something
Example: His connections with the CIA are very limited.
• a contact with someone or something
Example: Have you had any contact with Sarah?
F. BETWEEN
Use 'between' preceded by the following nouns:
• a connection between TWO things
Example: There is no connection between the two crimes.
• a relationship between TWO things
Example: The relationship between the two friends was very strong.
• a contact between TWO things
Example: There is little contact between the two parents.
• a difference between TWO things
Example: There is no difference between those two colors.
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VI. PREPOSITION + NOUN
A. BY
Use 'by' with the following nouns:
• to pay by check (credit card)
Example: I paid the bill by check.
• to do something by accident
Example: I broke the vase by mistake.
• to do something by mistake
Example: I'm afraid I brought the wrong book by mistake.
• to do something by chance
Example: I saw Jack at the supermarket by chance.
• a play, song, book, etc. by someone
Example: The opera 'Otello' is by Giuseppe Verdi.
B. FOR
Use 'for' with the following nouns:
• (to go / come) for a walk
Example: Let's go for a walk.
• (to go / come) for a swim
Example: We went for a swim as soon as we arrived.
• (to go / come) for a drink
Example: Would you like to come over for a drink?
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• (to go / come) for a visit
Example: I'd love to come for a visit sometime.
• (to have something) for breakfast / lunch / dinner / supper (US
English)
Example: I had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
C. IN
Use 'in' with the following nouns:
• to be OR to fall in love with someone
Example: I fell in love with my wife at first sight.
• in my opinion
Example: In my opinion, we need to invest in some development.
• a need for something
D. ON
Use 'on' with the following nouns:
I. (to be) on fire
Example: Help! The house is on fire!
II. (to be) on the telephone / phone
Example: I think Tom is on the phone at the moment.
III. on television
Example: There is a good film on television tonight.
132
IV. on the radio
Example: Mahler's fifth was on the radio last night.
V. (to be / go) on a diet
Example: I really need to go on a diet.
VI. (to be / go) on strike
Example: The sanitary engineers have gone on strike again.
VII. (to be / go) on holiday (UK English) / vacation (American English)
Example: I really need to go on vacation soon.
VIII. (to be / go) business
Example: He went away this weekend on business.
IX. (to be / go) on a trip
Example: We were on a trip this past weekend.
X. (to be / go) a tour
Example: Have you ever been on a tour of the French countryside?
XI. (to be / go) on an excursion
Example: We went on an excursion to Versailles when we were in
Paris.
133
VII. PREPOSITION OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
Here are a number of preposition combinations that can be used to
describe the position of something:
Prepositions of Position Example Sentences
1. at the back of
2. at the bottom of
3. at the top of
4. behind
5. between
6. in the corner of
7. in the middle of
8. next to
9. to the left of
10. on the other side of
11. to the right of
12. on the side of
13. on top of
14. opposite
1. There is a large garden in the middle of
the skyscraper.
2. The smallest room is located to the left
of the internal garden.
3. The entrance to room number three is
opposite the entrance to room number
two.
134
Here are a number of prepositions that can be used to show direction
and movement around:
Prepositions of
Direction Example Sentences
1. Across
2. Between
3. Into
4. out of
5. past
6. round
7. through
8. towards
1. Walk through the exit of room two and
enter into building number three.
2. Walk across the indoor garden to reach
room number five.
3. Walk past the side entrance to reach the
main entrance.
135
I. Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns
song – songs The plural of most nouns is formed by
adding final –s
Box – boxes Fnal –es is added to nouns that end in -
sh, -ch, -s, -z, and –x
Baby – babies The plural of words that end in a
consonant –y is spelled –ies
Man – men
Woman – women
Child – childreen
Ox – oxen
Foot – feet
Goose – geese
Tooth – teeth
Mouse – mice
Louse - lice
Irregular plural form
Hero – heroes Some nouns that end in –o add –es to
Nouns
Unit 4
136
Potato – potatoes the plural
Auto – autos
Photo – photos
Some nouns that end in –o add –es to
form the plural
Mosquito – mosquitoes/mosquitos
Volcano – volcanos/volcanoes
Some nouns that end in –o add either –
es or –s to form the plural (-es being
more usual)
Half – halves
Knife – knives
Leaf – leaves
Life – lives
Self – selves
Thief – thieves
Wolf – wolves
Scarf- scarfs/scarves
Some nouns that end in –f or –fe are
changed to –ves to form the plural
Belief – beliefs
Chief – chiefs
Cliff – cliffs
Roof – roofs
Some nouns that end in –f simply add –
s to form the plural
Fish – fish/fishes Some nouns have the same singular
137
Deer – deer
Series – series
Shep – sheep
Species – species
and plural form
Criterion – criteria
Phenomenon – phenomena
Cactus – cacti/cactuses
Fungus – fungi
Nucleus – nuclei
Stiulus – stimuli
Syllabus – syllabi/syllabuses
Formula – formulas/formulae
Vertebrata – vertebratae
Appendix – appendices/appendixes
Index – indices
Analysis – analyses
Basis – bases
Some nouns that English has borrowed
from other languages have foreign
plurals
138
Crisis – crises
Hypothesis – hyphoteses
Oasis – oases
Thesis – theses
Bacterium – bacteria
Curriculum – curricula
Datum – data
Medium – media
Memorandum – memoranda
139
II. Possesive Nouns
NOUN POSSESIVE
FORM
EXPLANATION
Singular:
The girl
The girl’s
To show possession, add an apostrophe (‘) and –s to a
singular noun; girl’s book
If a singular noun ends in –s, there are two possible
forms;
1. add an apostrophe and –s; Thomas’s book
2. add only an apostrophe; Thomas’ book
Plural:
The girls
The girls’
Add only an apostrophe to a plural noun that ends in
–s; the girls’ book
Add an apostrophe and –s to plural nouns that do not
end in –s; the men’s book
140
Subject
Pronoun
Object
Pronoun
Possessive
Pronoun
Possessive
Adjective
Singular
I Me Mine My name
You You Your Your name
She Her Hers Her name
He Him His His name
It It Its Its name
Plural
We Us Ours Our names
You You Yours Your names
They Them Theirs Their names
Examples Meaning
I read a book, it was good It refers to Book
I read some books. They were good It refers to Books
I like tea. Do you like tea too? I refers to the speaker
You refers to the person who the
speaker is talking to
Pronouns
Unit 5
141
John has a car. He drives to work He refers to John
John works in my office. I know him well Him refers to John
My refers to the speaker
I talk to him every day I refers to the speaker
Him refers to the person who the
speaker is tell about to
That book is hers Hers refers to some one (girl)
Yours is over there Yours refers to some one who the
speaker talking to
142
EXERCISE
A. Choose the correct form of pronouns available in the brackets.
1. I hurt (mine/me/my) leg.
2. He goes to school with (her/hers/herself/she).
3. (Their/they/theirs/them) trousers are too loose.
4. (Our/us/we/ours) are going to paint our old mosque tomorrow.
5. You (yours/yourself/your-self/you) must do this homework.
6. The policeman was looking for (theirs/them/themselves/they).
7. Is this (yours/your/you/yourself) pen?
8. No, it is not. It is (hers/she/her/herself) pen.
9. He and (I/mine/my/myself) have never seen the bad movie.
10. Everyone has to do (his/him/himself/he) own work.
B. Complete the following sentences with suitable pronouns. Then, translate the
sentences into Indonesian language.
1. Let … finish their homework.
Translation : …………………………………
2. Every student has to do … own project.
Translation : ………………………………….
3. … are going to repair our motorcycles next Sunday.
Translation : ………………………………….
4. Julia and … boy friend would rather not go to the cinema.
Translation : …………………………………..
5. Mr. Simmons and … wife, Mrs. Simmons, were watching the news when her
daughter came.
Translation : ……………………………………
143
Comparative used to involve or measured by comparison. It is expressing a higher
degree of a quality. Some examples of it, as follows:
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Clever Cleverer The cleverest
Big Bigger The biggest
Tall Taller Tallest
Fast Faster Fastest
Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
Careful More careful The most careful
Difficult More difficult The most difficult
Notice:
1. Comparative and superlative are use for adjective only.
2. The words which are consisted of one and two counting, add –er to be
comparative and –est to be superlative.
E.g. Long – longer - longest; clever – cleverer – cleverest.
3. Others words which are more than 2 counting, add more- to be comparative
and the most- to be superlative.
Comparative and Superlative Degree
Unit 6
144
AUXILIARY USES PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
MAY
Polite request
(only with I or
We)
May I borrow your
pen?
Formal
permission
You may leave the
room
Less than 50 %
certainly
He may be at the
library
Might
Less than 50 %
certainly
He might be at the
library
He may have
been at the
library
Should
Advisability I should study tonight I should have
studied last
night, but I didn’t
90 % certainly
(expectation)
She should do well on
the test (future only)
She ought to
have done well
on the test
Modals
Unit 7
145
Had better
Advisability with
treat of bad
result
You had better be on
time, or we will leave
without you
Be supposed to
Expectation Class is supposed to
begin at 10.00 am
Unfulfilled
expectation
Class was
supposed o
begin at 10.00,
but it didn’t
begin until 10.15
am
Must
Strong necessary I must go to school I had to go to
school yesterday
Prohibition You must not open
the door
95 % certainly Mary isn’t in class,
she must be sick
Mary must have
been sick
yesterday
Have to Necessity I have to go to school I had to go to
school yesterday
146
Lack of necessity
(negative)
I don’t have to go to
school today
I didn’t have to
go to school
yesterday
Have got to
Necessity I have got to go to
school today
I had to go to
school yesterday
Will
100 % certainly He will be here at
06.00 am
Willingness The phone’s ringing, I
will get it
Polite request Will you please pass
the salt
147
Exercise
Complete the following sentences by the appropriate modals!
1. Tell her your problem, she … (shall, will) help you.
2. You … (should, would) study English hard.
3. You … (shouldn’t, wouldn’t) tell a lie to anyone.
4. You … (ought to, would) do fasting in the month of Ramadan.
5. You … (will, had better) not believe him because he is a liar.
6. Every Muslim … (should, shall) do fasting in the month of Ramadan.
7. Muslims in Central Asia … (can, shall) establish their own countries.
8. When I was a child my mother … (would, will) tell me a story at night before
bed.
9. It … (would, will) be nice to have lunch in restaurant but I can’t afford it.
10. It’s 5 P.M. You … (had better, could) perform the ‘asr prayer now.
148
Form of the passive: be + past participle
Tenses Active Passive
Simple Present Mary helps the Boy The Boy is helped by Mary
Present Progressive Mary is helping the Boy The Boy is being helped by Mary
Simple Past Mary helped the Boy The Boy was helped by Mary
Past Progressive Mary was helping the
Boy
The Boy was being helped by
Mary
Be going to Mary is going to help the
Boy
The Boy is going to be helped by
Mary
Form of the passive question: be + past participle
Simple Past Was the boy helped by Mary?
Past Progressive Is the boy being helped by Mary?
Form of the present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, future
progressive, future perfect progressive is rarely used in the passive.
Passive
Unit 8
149
EXERCISE
A. Change the active sentences into passive ones by supplying the correct form
of be and past participle.
1.mTaufik is wearing glasses now.
Glasses … now.
2. Aishah always recites the holy Quran attentively.
The holy Quran … always … attentively.
3. Dini was writing a letter when her mother came home.
A letter … when her mother came home.
4. Did you give her a letter this morning?
… a letter … yesterday?
5.mOf course, not. I gave her a ring.
No, but she … a ring.
B. Change the active to the passive. Then, translate the sentences (the passive)
into Indonesian language.
1. We study English.
Passive : ………………………………………………..
Translation : ………………………………………………..
2. We do not study French.
Passive : …………………………………………………
Translation : …………………………………………………
3. We study Japanese and English.
Passive : …………………………………………………
Translation : …………………………………………………
4. She read an Arabic magazine yesterday.
150
Passive : …………………………………………………
Translation : ………………………………………………….
5. Has your little son already drunk a glass of milk?
Passive : ………………………………………………….
Translation : ………………………………………………….
6. Yes, and he is eating a bowl of noodle now.
Passive : ………………………………………………….
Translation : ………………………………………………….
7. Zaenab and Shafiyyah will not visit Aishah in the hospital.
Passive : ………………………………………………….
Translation : ………………………………………………….
8. All Muslims must perform the prayer five times a day.
Passive : …………………………………………………..
Translation : …………………………………………………..
9. My mother teaches the holy Quran in the kindergarten school every day but
Sunday.
Passive : ……………………………………………………
Translation : ……………………………………………………
10. He will do his homework tonight.
Passive : …………………………………………………….
Translation : …………………………………………………
151
Kind of Parallel Examples
Noun + and + Noun
Noun + Noun + and + Noun
Steve And His friend are coming to dinner
Steve, John and Alice are coming to dinner
Verb + and + Verb
Verb + Verb + and + Verb
Susan raised her hand and snapped her fingers
Susan raised her hand, snapped her fingers and
asked a question
Adjective + but + Adjective These shoes are old but comfortable
Infinitive + or + Infinitive He wants to watch TV or listen to music
Both + Noun + and + Noun Both my mother and my sister are here
Not only + Verb + but also +
Verb
Not only my mother but also my sister is here
Neither + Noun + nor + Noun That book is neither interesting nor accurate
Neither + Adjective + nor +
Adjective
Neither my mother nor my sister is here
Parallel Structure
Unit 9
152
A. Nouns and Determiners
a. Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. It can be preceded by a
or an in the singular depending on whether the word begins with
consonant or vowel sound.
For example:
Those three girls have been waiting for a friend of theirs for an hour.
Some words may be confusing because the spelling does not indicate the
pronunciation. The following words begin with a consonant sound and
thus must always be preceded by a.
a half a universal a house
a union a uniform a university
The following words begin with a vowel sound and thus must always be
preceded by an.
an hour an uncle an umbrella
Noun & Determainers
Unit 10
153
b. Non-Countable Nouns
Non-countable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. We cannot say,
for example, one information, many informations, two moneys, many
moneys.
There are several words are countable nouns. Even though some nouns
below appear to be plural because they end in –s, but they are actually not
plural.
Advertising geography love
Air happiness luck
Anger health music
Beauty help news
Darkness honesty patience
Economics ice peace
Education intelligence politics
Entertainment jewelry pollution
Equipment knowledge sand
Fruit lightning sugar etc
c. Determiners
Determiners are words like any, many, much, some, the, that comes
before a noun to show how the noun is being used. Some determiners can
be used only with countable nouns.
For example:
She gave me a pineapple and an orange yesterday.
Those two boys brought many books last night.
Some determiners can be used only with non-countable nouns.
For example:
Do you have much information about the murder?
154
No, I only have a little information about it.
A large amount of air was polluted by toxic.
Some determiners can be used with both countable nouns and non-
countable nouns
For example:
A lot of students need a lot of money to pay registrations next month.
None of children who knew that none of the fruit left in the fridge.
Nowadays, there are more people who earn more money to survive.
The word little and few should be put into a little and a few if they are
preceded by the word only.
For example:
There are few students whose Arabic is good. Becomes…
Determiners with countable nouns
Determiners with non- countable nouns
a, an, the, some, any
this, that, these, those
none, one, two, three …
many
a lot of
a large number of
a great number of (a)few
fewer…than
more…than
the, some, any
this, that
none
much (usually in negatives or
questions)
a lot of
a large amount of (a)little
less…than
more…than
155
EXERCISE
A. Choose the correct determiners available in the brackets. Then, translate the
sentences into Indonesian language.
1. Husein wants (fewer/less) milk than this.
Translation : …………………………………….
2. She has already eaten (much/a large number of) rice.
Translation : …………………………………….
3. I need only (little/a little) sugar for my sweet tea.
Translation : ……………………………………..
4. She didn’t have (some/any) money to buy textbooks.
Translation : ……………………………………..
5. He has (many/much) money to buy textbooks.
Translation : ……………………………………..
6. (Those/That) meat was infected by mad-cow disease.
Translation : ……………………………………..
7. Can you help me? Sorry, I don’t have (many/much) time today.
Translation : …………………………………….
8. There were (many/much) people gathered around the park two days ago.
Translation : …………………………………….
9. The student has to finish (a large number of/a large amount of) homework
tonight.
Translation : ……………………………………
10. Her friends went to buy (a large number of/a large amount of) food for their
dinner.
Translation : …………………………………..
156
B. Correct the underlined words and translate the sentences into Indonesian
language.
1. One of her friend gave her a lot of foods.
Sentence : ………………………………….
Translation : ………………………………….
2. His wife made him a coffee with a few sugar.
Sentence : …………………………………..
Translation : …………………………………..
3. He did not have many money for buying his girl friend a ring for their marriage.
Sentence : …………………………………..
Translation : …………………………………..
4. A friend of mine saw an woman with her four childs crossing the road
yesterday.
Sentence : …………………………………...
Translation : ……………………………………
5. The women had been waiting for her husband for about a hour before he came.
Sentence : ……………………………………
Translation : ……………………………………
157
Learn from someone who has the best experience.
Belajarlah dari seseorang yang memiliki pengalaman terbaik.
Every cloud has a silver living.
Setiap masalah pasti ada jalan keluar.
Going away from difficulty is defeat.
Lari dari kesalahan adalah kalah.
Languages close the nation.
Bahasa merapatkan bangsa.
Laziness is the key to beggary.
Kemalasan adalah pangkal kemalaratan.
Let the past be forgotten.
Biarlah berlalu apa yang telah terjadi.
Like father like son.
Sifat orang tua biasanya menurun pada anaknya.
Look before you leap.
Berfikirlah sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan.
Make hay while the sun shines.
Sediakan payung sebelum hujan. Sedialah obat sebelum sakit.
Man proposes, God disposes.
Manusia merencanakan tapi Tuhanlah yang memiliki kekuasaan.
Many little makes a mile.
Sedikit demi sedikit lama-lama menjadi bukit.
Money is the servant of some men.
Proverb
Unit 11
158
Kebanyakan orang diperbudak uang.
No fish can be caught without beat.
Tanpa usaha anda tidak akan mendapatkan hasil.
No one is too old to learn.
Belajar tidak memandang usia.
No proceeds without sweat.
Tidak ada hasil tanpa keringat.
Old birds are not to be caught with chaff.
Orang yang berpengalaman tidak mudah tertipu.
One is never too old to learn.
Tidak pernah disebutkan tua dalam menuntut ilmu.
One who is sowing unrighteousness will reap disaster.
Siapa yang menabur kecurangan akan menuai malapetaka.
Out of sight, near by heart.
Jauh di mata dekat di hati.
Over pride is the beginning of destruction.
Kesombongan adalah awal keruntuhan.
Perfection is no trifle.
Menyempurnakan segala sesuatu bukanlah hal yang mudah.
Promise little and do much.
Janji sedikit saja dan bekerjalah yang banyak.
Prosperity has many friends.
Kemakmuran mendatangkan banyak kawan.
Right mixture makes good master.
Campuran yang sempurna menjadikan bahan yang kokoh.
Rotten wood cannot be carved.
Barang yang mutunya rendah tidak dapat dipergunakan.
159
Science without conscience is a collapse soul.
Ilmu tanpa budi adalah jiwa yang rapuh.
Self help is the best way to success.
Keyakinan sendiri adalah jalan terbaik untuk maju.
Slowly but sure.
Tenang tapi meyakinkan.
Strike the iron while it is hot.
Berbuatlah selagi ada kesempatan.
Success never comes to the indolence.
Keberhasilan tidak pernah datang pada orang-orang yang malas.
Sweet words can break bones.
Kata-kata yang manis mematahkan tulang.
The crown of old men is their grandsons.
Mahkota orang tua adalah anak cucu mereka.
The tongue wounds more than a lance.
Lidah lebih banyak melukai daripada tombak.
Think first if to do something.
Berfikirlah terlebih dahulu sebelum berbuat sesuatu.
Think today and speak tomorrow.
Berfikirlah sekarang dan lakukanlah esok.
Time is money.
Waktu adalah uang.
Time is sword.
Waktu adalah pedang.
To be reluctant to make inquires will make one go astray.
Malu bertanya sesat di jalan.
To kill two birds with one stone.
160
Sambil menyelam minum air.
To prevent is better than to cure.
Mencegah lebih baik daripada mengobati.
Union is the strength.
Bersatu kita teguh.
United we stand, divided we fall.
Bersatu kita teguh, bercerai kita runtuh.
Water is a good friend when it is a little.
Air selagi kecil adalah kawan.
We learn as long as we live.
Kita belajar selama hayat dikandung badan.
Wealth does not always help to produce happiness.
Kebahagiaan tidak selamanya bersumber dari kekayaan.
What is done in a hurry is seldom done well.
Apa yang dikerjakan dengan tergesa-gesa jarang berhasil.
When money takes place the truth will be silent.
Ketika uang berbicara, kebenaran akan diam.
Where there is a will there is a way.
Dimana ada kemauan di sana ada jalan.
Zeal is often the mother of success.
Rajin itu sering menjadi pangkal dari keberhasilan.
161
EXERCISE
A. Choose a, b, c, or d for the correct answer. Then, try to explain it.
1. Good advice is beyond price.
a. nasihat yang baik tidak ternilai harganya.
b. umpan yang baik akan menangkap ikan yang baik pula.
c. menolong orang miskin adalah perbuatan yang baik.
d. rajin itu sering menjadi pangkal dari keberhasilan.
What does it mean? …
2. Kindness like grain, it is increased by sowing.
a. hati nurani yang baik ibarat bantal yang empuk.
b. nama baik lebih cepat hilang daripada mendapatkannya.
c. kebaikan itu seperti gandum, ia akan bertambah jika ditabur.
d. tidak berani mengatakan ‘enyah’ pada seekor angsa.
What does it mean? …
3. Love rules without rules.
a. mencintai sama halnya dengan menyayangi.
b. cinta berkuasa tanpa aturan.
c. cinta pertama sulit dilupakan.
d. mencintai harus rela diatur.
What does it mean? …
4. Make hay while the sun shines.
a. buatlah yang terbaik dari pekerjaan yang buruk.
b. orang yang tenggelam akan mencengkeram erat walaupun hanya pada
sebatang jerami.
c. matahari akan bersinar ketika fajar tiba.
d. keringkanlah rumput selagi matahari bersinar terang.
What does it mean? …
162
5. Leaders are readers.
a. pemimpin adalah pembaca.
b. tetaplah membaca!
c. engkau akan menuai apa yang engkau tanam.
d. lebih baik membaca daripada tidak.
What does it mean?
6. Cross the stream where it is shallowest.
a. tempalah besi selagi panas.
b. seberangilah sungai di tempat yang dangkal.
c. lebih diam daripada salah ucap.
d. menyeberangi sungai ketika dangkal.
What does it mean? …
7. He who hesitates is lost.
a. dia yang berusaha pasti sukses.
b. dia yang putus asa pasti akan gagal.
c. tidak ada apa-apa bagi orang pemurung.
d. malu bertanya sesat di jalan.
What does it mean? …
8. The future lies with the young.
a. masa depan terletak pada generasi muda.
b. masa depan berbohong dengan anak-anak muda.
c. anak muda memegang kendali.
d. tak ada harapan untuk pemuda di masa depan.
What does it mean? …
9. No gains without pains.
a. tidak berani, tidak memperoleh apa-apa.
b. tidak berusaha maka akan gagal.
c. tidak ada keberhasilan tanpa pengorbanan.
163
d. tidak ada rasa sakit jika hanya diam.
What does it mean? …
10. Better a bird in the hand than thousand in the garden.
a. burung-burung terbang hilir mudik di kebun.
b. tidak ada satupun burung di tangan.
c. lempar burung sembunyi tangan.
d. seekor burung di tangan lebih baik daripada ratusan burung di taman.
What does it mean? …
B. Translate these following proverbs into English.
1. Dimana ada kemauan disitu ada jalan.
Translation: …………………………………………..
2. Kesopanan tidak memerlukan biaya.
Translation: …………………………………………..
3. Tak ada gading yang tak retak.
Translation: …………………………………………..
4. Tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan.
Translation: …………………………………………..
5. Pekerja yang buruk selalu menyalahkan peralatannya.
Translation: …………………………………………..
6. Manusia berencana tapi Tuhanlah yang memutuskan.
Translation: …………………………………………..
7. Semua permulaan adalah sulit.
Translation: …………………………………………..
8. Perkataan dan perbuatan adalah sesuatu yang berlainan.
Translation: …………………………………………..
9. Anjing yang menggonggong tidak akan menggigit.
Translation: …………………………………………..
164
C. Fill in the blank spaces with the suitable words in the right side. Then,
translate into Indonesian language.
1. Love your … as they are the closest helpers. -coward
2. … Sometimes serve or enslave its owner. -good
3. A … will die many times. -side
4. A … man feels so bad about not being able -neighbors
to help others. -bottom
5. To reach the top you must start from the … -richness
-poverty
165
SECTION 4
READING
166
READING TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR GRAMMAR
• Focus on various tenses or forms, by highlighting examples of a specific form in
a text you are reading.
• Highlight all auxiliary verbs in a text. Discuss which tenses take the highlighted
auxiliary verbs.
• Choose a few sentences from your reading material and highlight content
words (main verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs) in red and structural words
(articles, auxiliary verbs, any and some, etc.) in yellow or another color.
• Find linking words (although, however, but, first, next, etc.) and notice how
they relate sentences to each other.
• Use a text as a basis for a sentence auction in class. Change some of the
sentences to an incorrect version and see if you can fool your classmates into
thinking they are correct.
• In small groups, highlight sentences using different tenses. Each students
explains the reasons for the tense in each sentence.
• Mark-up a few sentences from an article selecting subject, auxiliary verb, main
verb, adjective, etc.
167
READING TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR CONVERSATIONAL SKILLS
• Choose an article or short story to read with a friend or classmate. Discuss the
article together.
• Choose an article or short story to read with a friend or classmate. Each person
should write down five questions about the article and his / her partner.
• Read a few articles to develop a debate. Hold the debate in class making
arguments based on what you have read.
• Read a short play with a few friends. Continue the conversation by each taking
a character from the play and having a discussion about something that
happened in the play.
• Read DIALOGs. Once you've practiced the written texts, improvise a continued
conversation using the same characters as in the DIALOG.
• Read short biographies. Pair up with a friend or classmate and take on the
roles of interviewer and famous person (taken from the biography).
168
READING TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR VOCABULARY
• Construct vocabulary trees from short stories or articles you are reading.
• Build mind maps based on the stories or articles you are reading.
• Photocopy a page or an article and highlight all the words you do not
understand. Look up those words and add them to your vocabulary diary.
• When you come across a word you do not understand, first try to
understand based on context.
• Focus on prefixes and suffixes and find examples in a text you are reading.
Underline and try to understand based on the prefixes or suffixes. Try to come
up with the antonyms. These are words with an opposite meaning and are
often related (unhappy - happy, misinformation - information, etc.)
• Read a short story and try to retell or rewrite the story using as much
vocabulary from the story as possible.
• Note down nouns and adjectives you do not understand. Use a thesaurus to
help you find synonyms to these words. Finding synonyms will help you learn
groups of words with similar meanings.
169
I. TEXT EXTENTION
A. READ TEXT COMPREHENSIVELY
Mary has a lot of hobbies and interests. She usually gets up early so she
can run before work. She doesn't often have time to ski, but she
occasionally goes on Saturdays during the winter. Mary often rides a horse
at a stable near here home. She sometimes goes after work, but she
usually goes horseback riding on Sundays. She loves music. She always
goes to choir practice on Wednesday evenings and sings in church on
Sundays. She doesn't have much extra money, so she rarely goes to
concerts in the city. She seldom watches TV because she likes doing things
outside. She usually goes to the gym if it's raining outside. She isn't often
alone because she has a lot of friends. She occasionally does something
alone, but she usually does her activities with one of her friends. She's a
happy woman!
Hobbies
Unit 1
170
B. KEY WORDS
Words Meaning
Occasional Kadang-kadang
Winter Musim dingin
Riding Menunggang
Choir Paduan suara (gereja)
Gym (gymnasium) Gedung Olah Raga (GOR)
C. ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. Has Mary a lot of hobbies and interests?
2. What does Mary often rides near her home?
3. Is she often alone?
4. When she always goes to choir practice and sings in church?
5. Does she love music?
D. RE-ARRANGE THE SENTENCES
1. friends - She - with - occasionally - does - one - something - does –
alone - but she - activities - her - usually – her - of
2. money - She – have - extra - doesn't - so – she - rarely - city - concerts -
the much - goes - to - in
3. seldom - She – TV - watches – she – likes - things - because - outside -
doing
171
4. sometimes - She - after - goes - work - riding - Sundays - she - but -
goes usually - horseback - on
5. work - She - can - up - usually - before - gets - she - early - so - run
E. MATCH THE STATEMENTS BASED ON THE TEXT
1. She occasionally does something alone, but she usually does her
activities with one of her friends (T / F)
2. She does have much extra money, so she rarely goes to concerts in the
city
(T / F)
3. She usually watches TV because she likes doing things outside (T / F)
4. She commonly goes after work, but she usually goes horseback riding
on Sundays (T / F)
5. She usually gets up early so she can run before work (T / F)
F. WRITING EXERCISE
Make your own daily activities by using some adverbs like; usually, often,
seldom, occasionally, etc.
172
A. READ TEXT COMPREHENSIVELY
Tim works for a company in Sacramento, California. He's a customer service
representative. He gets up at six o'clock each workday. He drives to work and
begins his job at eight o'clock. He speaks to people on the telephone to help
them with their banking problems. People telephone the bank to ask
questions about their accounts. He doesn't give information about accounts
until people answer a few questions. Tim asks callers their birth date, the last
four digits of their social security number and their address. If a person gives
incorrect information, Tim asks him to call back with the correct information.
Tim is polite and friendly with everyone. He has lunch in a park next to his
office. He returns home at five o'clock in the evening. After work, he goes to
the gym to work out. He has dinner at seven o'clock. Tim likes watching TV
after dinner. He goes to bed at eleven o'clock at night.
B. ANSWER THE QUESTION
1. What time he gets up?
2. What he speaks to people on the telephone?
3. He doesn't give information about accounts. The word in bold means?
Routine ties
Unit 2
173
4. Where he has lunch?
5. When he goes to gym?
C. REARRANGE THE SENTENCES
1. gets - up - at - o'clock - He - workday - each - six
2. He - to - speaks - on - the - people - to - problems - help - telephone -
banking them – their - with
3. He - give - doesn't - about - information - questions - until - answer -
accounts people - a few
4. Lunch - He - has - office - in - a park - to - his - next
5. After - likes - TV - dinner - Tim - watching
D. MATCH THE STATEMENTS BASED ON THE TEXT
1. He gets up at six o'clock each workday
2. He speaks to people on the telephone to help them with their banking
problems
3. He doesn't give information about accounts until people answer a few
questions
4. He has lunch in a park next to his office
5. Tim likes watching TV after dinner
174
E. WRITING EXERCISE
Make your own personal life by using some conjunction words like; after,
than, next, etc.
175
A. READ TEXT COMPREHENSIVELY
Angel investors provide capital for start-ups bringing their innovations to the
marketplace. Recently, with the huge growth in opportunities brought about
by the internet, more and more small investors are providing 'angel' financing
for these small, nimble companies. Angel investors typically invest between
$5,000 to $40,000 in a start-up in its infancy. Sometimes, 'angels' are so
convinced by an idea that they provide funds for a business that hasn't even
been founded! Without these risk-takers, innovative and revolutionary
advances in technology may not come to pass. The price is high, and start-ups
often fail, but just one 'winner' can return twenty times the initial investment.
In other words, an angel investing in fifteen companies needs just one success
to make the investment strategy worthwhile. Of course, angels hope for a
much better return. Because these investors at the beginning of the company
there are many terms used in angel investing that reflect this early stage
development. Here are some of the most important:
• seed a company - the first 'seed' of money to help 'grow' the company
• get in on the ground level - lowest level entry point
Investing
Unit 3
176
• self-funded - a company that provides its own financing without asking for
outside help
• garage startup - the classic technology started - Steve Jobs and Steve
Wozniak started Apple in a garage - it's become a modern day 'American
dream' of many - especially in San Francisco)
Angel investing is sometimes confused with venture investments. Angell
investors fund at the initial entry level while venture capitalists usually wait
until a young company has proven that their idea and has brought their
product or technology to market. These companies then need larger
investments to quickly grow and capture market share.
B. KEY WORDS
Vocabularies Meaning
angel investor
start-up
innovation
capital
to bring about
nimble
Investor awal terbentuknya sebuah
perusahaan
Awal
Inovasi/perubahan
Ibukota
Menyampaikan ide/gagasan
Cekatan
177
to found a business
risk-taker
to come to pass
initial investment
worthwhile
return (on an investment)
early stage development
to seed a company
to get in on the ground level
self-funded
venture capitalist
bring a product to market
to capture market share
Merintis usaha
Pengambil resiko
Datang untuk menyelesaikan
Investasi awal
bermanfaat
Pengembalian investasi
Tahap awal perkembangan
Suntikan dana perusahaan
Memasuki level dasar
Modal mandiri
Usaha kapitalis
Mengenalkan produk pada
konsumen/pasar
Merebut pangsa pasar
C. EXPLAIN THE STATEMENTS BELOW
1. Angel investors typically invest between $5,000 to $40,000 in a start-up in
its infancy
2. Angel investing is sometimes confused with venture investments
3. The price is high, and start-ups often fail, but just one 'winner' can return
twenty times the initial investment. In other words, an angel investing in
178
fifteen companies needs just one success to make the investment strategy
worthwhile
D. REARRANGE THE SENTENCES
1. investing - angel - is - confused - investments - sometimes – venture - with
2. These - then - need – larger - to - quickly –- and –- market – share -
companies - investments - grow - capture
3. Better - angels - for - a - hope - return – much
E. RETELL EXERCISE
As long as your comprehension about the angel’s investors, tell you friends in
front of the class about the topic.
179
A. READ TEXT COMPREHENSIVELY
This year Americans elect on a new president on November 4th. It's an
important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president
is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States: the
Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates.
However, it is unlikely that any of these "third party" candidates will win. It
certainly hasn't happened in the last one hundred years.
In order to become the presidential nominee of a party, the candidate must
win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in
the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates
attend their party convention in order to nominate their chosen candidate.
Usually, as in this election, it's clear who will be the nominee. However, in the
past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult
process.
Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the
country. A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand
President Election
Unit 4
180
the candidates' points of view. These points of view often reflect their party's
platform. A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies
a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving
speeches. These speeches are often called 'stump speeches'. In the 19th
century candidates would stand on tree stumps to deliver their speeches.
These stump speeches repeat the candidates basic views and aspirations for
the country. They are repeated many hundred of times by each candidate.
Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too
negative. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television. These
short ads contain sound bites which often distort the truth, or something the
other candidate has said or done. Another recent problem has been voter
turnout. There is often less than 60% turnout for national elections. Some
people don't register to vote, and some registered voters don't show up at the
voting booths. This angers many citizens who feel that voting is the most
important responsibility of any citizen. Others point out that not voting is
expressing an opinion that the system is broken.
the United States maintains an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting
system. This system is called the Electoral College. Each state is assigned
electoral votes based on the number of senators and representatives that
state has in Congress. Each state has two Senators. The number of
181
representatives is determined by the states population but is never less then
1. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One
candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state. In other words, Oregon has
8 electoral votes. If 1 million people vote for the Republican candidate and
one million and ten people vote for the Democratic candidate ALL 8 electoral
votes go to the democratic candidate. Many people feel that this system
should be abandoned.
B. KEY WORDS
Vocabularies Meaning
to elect
political party
Republican
Democrat
third party
candidate
presidential nominee
primary election
delegate
to attend
party convention
to nominate
debate
party platform
untuk memilih
partai politik
Republik
Demokrat
pihak ketiga
calon
calon presiden
utama pemilihan
wakil
untuk menghadiri
konvensi partai
untuk mencalonkan
perdebatan
platform partai
182
stump speech
attack ads
sound bite
to distort the truth
voter turnout
registered voter
voting booth
Electoral College
Congress
senator
representative
electoral vote
popular vote
tunggul pidato
serangan iklan
suara gigitan
untuk memutarbalikkan kebenaran
jumlah suara pemilih
pemilih terdaftar
kamar pemungutan suara
Pemilihan College
Kongres
senator
wakil
pemilihan suara
suara rakyat
C. RETELL THE MAIN IDEAS OF THE TEXTS ABOVE
As long as your comprehension about the angel’s investors, tell you friends in
front of the class about the topic.
D. WRITING EXERCISE
Write by your own ideas and data about the President election of Indonesia.
183
A. READ TEXT COMPREHENSIVELY
Tom: Hi Henry, it's been a long time since we saw each other last. What
have you been up to?
Henry: Hi Tom! It's great to see you again. I've been away on business.
Tom: Really, where did you go?
Henry: Well, first I flew to New York for two meetings. After that, I flew to
Atlanta, where I had to make a presentation at a company conference.
Tom: It sounds like you've been busy.
Henry: Yes, I've been very busy. It's good to be home again. What have you
been doing lately?
Tom: Oh, nothing much. I've been working in the garden these past few
days. Alice has been away for the past two weeks visiting her relatives in
Chicago.
Henry: I didn't know she has family in Chicago.
Neighbors
Unit 5
184
Tom: Yes, that's right. We met at university in California. She was born in
Chicago and lived there until she went to college.
Henry: How long have you lived here in Colorado?
Tom: We've lived here for over 10 years. We moved here in 1998 because I
had a new job as a sales representative.
Henry: Have you lived in the same house since you arrived?
Tom: No, first we lived in a condo in downtown Denver. We moved here
four years ago. We've lived on the street for four years and they've been
the happiest years of our lives.
Henry: Yes, my wife Jane and I love this neighborhood.
Tom: And how long have you lived in your house?
Henry: We've only lived here for two years.
Tom: That's strange, it seems like you have lived here longer than that.
Henry: No, we moved here in 2006.
Tom: How time flies!
Henry: I have to agree with you on that. It seems like yesterday that I
graduated from college. I can't believe I've been working for more than 10
years!
185
Tom: I've been working for more than 30 years! I'm going to retire soon.
Henry: Really? You don't look a day over 40!
Tom: Thank you. You're a great neighbor!
Henry: No, really. Well, I have to get going. Work is waiting for me. Have a
good day.
Tom: You, too. Glad to have you back in the neighbor!
B. KEY WORDS
Vocabularies Meaning
What have you been up to?
I've been away on business
Company conference
What have you been doing
lately?
relatives
to move
Condo
neighborhood
That's strange
Apa yang telah Anda lakukan?
Saya pergi untuk urusan bisnis
Konferensi Perusahaan
Apa yang telah Anda lakukan akhir-
akhir ini?
keluarga
untuk bergerak
Kondominium
lingkungan
Aneh
186
How time flies
To graduate from college or
university
It seems like yesterday
To retire
I have to get going
Glad to have you back
Bagaimana waktu berlalu
Untuk lulus dari perguruan tinggi atau
universitas
Sepertinya kemarin
Untuk pensiun
Aku harus pergi
Senang kau kembali
C. ANALYZE THE EXPRESSIONS OF DIALOG ABOVE THAN USE THOSE
EXPRESSIONS WITH YOUR OWN DIALOG!
D. WRITING EXERCISE
Make a specific dialog between 2 people or more, and talking about their
new environment (office, neighbor, campus, etc)
187
A. READ DIALOG COMPREHENSIVELY
Susan: How do I use the ATM?
Alan: First of all, put your card in this slot and enter your PIN.
Susan: OK. Then I choose withdrawal?
Alan: Yes, choose withdrawal, not account information.
Susan: What's next?
Alan: The ATM calls up your checking or savings account.
Susan: And then?
Alan: Enter the amount you want to take out of your account.
Susan: How much can I take out?
Alan: Most accounts have a limit of $400.
Susan: What happens after I enter the withdrawal amount?
Alan: The ATM gives you bills, usually $20 bills. Take the money and receipt
from the slots.
How to Use an ATM
Unit 6
188
B. KEY WORDS
Vocabularies Meaning
ATM - automatic teller machine
to put a card into a slot
PIN - personal identification number
to enter a PIN
withdrawal
account
checking
savings
amount
to take out
limit
bill
receipt
ATM - mesin teller otomatis
untuk memasukkan kartu ke dalam
slot
PIN - nomor identifikasi pribadi
untuk memasukkan PIN
penarikan
rekening
memeriksa
tabungan
jumlah
mengambil
batas
tagihan
tanda terima
C. WRITING EXERCISE
Make dialog between two persons or more where take a place in the Bank
and practice it in front of the class.
189
A. READ DIALOG COMPREHENSIVELY
Mark: Linda, do you know how to get to Daniels Co.? I've never been there
before.
Heather: Are you driving or taking the subway?
Mark: The subway.
Heather: Right. Take the no. 9 from West 72nd street. Get off at Times Square
and change to the shuttle. Go across town and get off at Grand Central
station. Go above ground and walk north on Park Avenue.
Mark: Just a moment, let me write this down!
Heather: Take the no. 9 from West 72nd street. Get off at Times Square and
change to the shuttle. Got it?
Mark: Yes, thanks. Now, once I get to Times Square, which train do I take?
Heather: Change to the shuttle. Go across town and get off at Grand Central
station. Go above ground and walk north on Park Avenue.
Directions to a meeting
Unit 7
190
Mark: Can you repeat that?
Heather: Change to the shuttle. Go across town and get off at Grand Central
station. Go above ground and walk north on Park Avenue.
Mark: Thanks Heather. How long does it take?
Heather: It takes about a half an hour. When is your meeting?
Mark: It's at nine. I'll leave at eight-thirty.
Heather: That's a busy time of day. You should leave at eight.
Mark: OK. Thanks Heather.
Heather: No problem.
B. KEY WORDS
Vocabularies Meaning
to get to somewhere
to take the subway
to change to another train
to go across town
to get off
to go above ground
to walk north / south / west / east
untuk pergi ke suatu tempat
untuk naik kereta bawah tanah
untuk berganti kereta lain
untuk pergi melintasi kota
turun
naik ke atas
berjalan utara / selatan / barat / timur
191
to take time
a busy time of day
mengambil waktu
hari sibuk/kerja
C. WRITING EXERCISE
1. Make a dialog which contain of asking and giving direction in formal
condition (in the office, college, school, worker).
2. Give attention with the use of common term/clause.
192
A. READ DIALOG COMPREHENSIVELY
Ms Anderson is in the dining room and would like to place an order for the
dinner menu. Her wait person, Janet, takes her order and makes a few
recommendations.
Jane : Good evening, madam. I trust you've had a pleasant day.
Would you like to see the menu?
Ms Risna : Yes, thank you.
Jane : Here you are. Would you like to begin with something from
the bar?
Ms Risna : Yes, could I have a dry martini?
Janet : Certainly, madam.
Ms Anderson : (looking at the menu) What are the specials this evening?
Janet : There's pan seared tuna steak, sweet and sour shrimp, tip
of sirloin with your choice of pepper corn sauce or sauteed
mushrooms. We also have a vegetarian entree.
Ms Anderson: mmm ... Which would you recommend? The
tuna steak or tip of sirloin?
Taking an Order
Unit 8
193
Janet : They're both very tasty. However, the tuna is fresh from
the market.
Ms Anderson : Wonderful. I'll have the tuna.
Janet : Very good, madam. May I bring you an appetizer as well?
The gazpacho is very tasty.
Ms Anderson : I think I'd prefer the shrimp cocktail.
Janet : Excellent choice, and for your first course?
Ms Anderson : Oh, there's so much to choose from.
Janet : May I suggest the linguini al pesto?
Ms Anderson : Yes, that sounds fine.
Janet : Would you like to see the wine menu?
Ms Anderson : No, that's alright. I'd like to have some white wine.
Something simples
Janet : The pinot grigio would go well with your meal.
Ms Anderson : Very good, then. Pinot grigio it is.
Janet : Would you like to order your dessert now, madam?
Ms Anderson : Let's wait on that.
Janet : Certainly. I'll bring the dessert list later.
Ms Anderson : Thank you.
194
B. WRITING EXERCISE
After you comprehended the dialog above, now is time for you to make your
own dialog about asking and taking an order.
zz
195
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Betty. Learning English Grammar, Longman, 2004
Ovendale, Ritchie. Speaking Alliance. Great Britain : Billing & Sons, ltd, 1985
Rogerson, Pamela etc. Speaking Clearly : Pronunciation and Comprehension for
Learners of English. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1990
Routley, Erik. An English Speaking. Chicago : GIA Publication, 2005
Vanture Book, Cambridge University Press, 2010
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en
http://www.eslmonkeys.com/student/lessons/free_esl_lessons.php
http://www.learnenglish.de/ImproveEnglish/improvereadingpage.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammarpage.htm