AN ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN READER’S DIGEST

MAGAZINE ARTICLE “HIGH-TECH BREAKTHROUGHS FOR

EYESIGHT”

THESIS

By:

LINGGA AGUNG TRI HANGGARA

NIM: 09360006

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

AN ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN READER’S DIGEST

MAGAZINE ARTICLE “HIGH-TECH BREAKTHROUGHS FOR

EYESIGHT”

THESIS

This Thesis is Submitted to Meet One of the Requirements to

Achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

LINGGA AGUNG TRI HANGGARA

NIM. 09360006

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2014

This thesis written by Lingga Agung Tri Hanggara was approved on April 30, 2014.

By:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

Santi Prastiyowati S.Pd Rahmawati Khadijah Maro S.Pd M.PEd

MOTTO

Life is learning. Learn to survive, learn to live a life and

learn to enjoy your life.

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to

my beloved family.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praises are due to Allah SWT, who gives His blessing,

guidance and merciful in my life, then finally I could finish this thesis.

Furthermore, I would like to express my deepest thank to Rahmawati

Khadijah Maro S.Pd M.PEd and Santi Prastiyowati S.Pd for their advice, correction,

motivation and ideas in guiding my thesis until finished. My gratitude also goes to all

lectures of English Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for

knowledge that may worthwhile.

Indeed, I would like to thank to my beloved Mother (Suparmi), Father (Sigit

Muntarto), and brothers (Swandika Fajar Sujatmiko and Arif Widya Permana), who

always give me support and prayers so that this thesis could be completed. For the

one who always give spirit to finish my thesis “Nevi” thanks for your Love.

To all my close friends at English Department (Johan, Tri Yuli, Hardi, Ririn,

Irma, Inof, Dian, Lina, Miranda, Nissa, Agustin, Icha, and Febri) thanks for your

togetherness and kindness, help and support. And for all my friends who cannot be

mentioned one by one, thank you very much.

Malang, April 30, 2014

The Researcher,

Lingga Agung Tri Hanggara

AN ANALYSIS OF SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN “HIGH-TECH

BREAKTHROUGH FOR EYESIGHT” ARTICLE ON READER’S DIGEST

MAGAZINE

ABSTRACT

Magazine as one of written media can be fresh material to students in learning

English. By using the magazine, the students can learn from many articles to get

information and add their knowledge. Understanding the sentence structures is very

important, especially on getting knowledge and information. A sentence is a set of

words expressing statement and usually contains a subject and a verb. There are four

types of sentence structures. Those are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex

sentence, and compound-complex sentence. In this study, the research problems

consist of (1) how sentence structures are portrayed in tree diagram “High-tech

Breakthroughs for Eyesight” article on Reader’s Digest magazine? And (2) what

types of sentence structures exist in “High-tech Breakthroughs for Eyesight” article

on Reader’s Digest magazine? The aim of this study is to describe sentence structures

through tree diagram and to figure out the types of sentence structures in “High-Tech

Breakthrough for Eyesight” article on Reader’s Digest magazine published March

2014.

The research design which was used in this study was descriptive qualitative

research. The object of the study was “High-Tech Breakthrough for Eyesight” article

on Reader’s Digest magazine published on March 2014. The data were all of the

sentences in this article. The researcher used document as the instrument. In data

collection, the researcher read the selected article carefully four times to get familiar

with the content of the article and made some important notes to obtaining the data.

Furthermore, in data analysis, the researcher did some processes. Those were drawing

all of sentences based on tree diagram theory, classifying the types of sentence

structures, and concluding the result.

In conclusion, all four types of sentence structures were found in this article.

Those are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-

complex sentence. The simple sentences were more frequently used than the others

types of sentence structures in “High-Tech Breakthrough for Eyesight” article on

Reader’s Digest magazine.

Keywords: (sentence structures, article, magazine)

Malang, April 30, 2014

The Advisor 1, The Researcher,

Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd. Lingga Agung Tri Hanggara

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

APPROVAL .................................................................................................. i

LEGALIZATION ......................................................................................... ii

MOTTO ......................................................................................................... iii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ iv

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................... 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................... 5

1.4 Significance of the Study .................................................................... 5

1.5 Scope and Limitation ….. .................................................................... 6

1.6 Definitions of the Key Terms .............................................................. 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction to Linguistics …………………………………………… 8

2.2 The Definition of Syntax ..................................................................... 9

2.3 Sentence Structure ................................................................................ 9

2.3.1 Part of Speech ............................................................................ 10

2.3.1.1 Noun ............................................................................... 11

2.3.1.2 Pronoun .......................................................................... 12

2.3.1.3 Verb .............................................................................. 12

2.3.1.4 Adjective ........................................................................ 13

2.3.1.5 Adverb ............................................................................ 13

2.3.1.6 Preposition ..................................................................... 14

2.3.1.7 Conjunction .................................................................... 15

2.3.1.8 Interjection ..................................................................... 15

2.3.2 The Functions of Sentences ....................................................... 16

2.3.3 The Types of Sentences ............................................................. 17

2.3.4 Sentence Fragment ..................................................................... 18

2.4 Tree Diagram ........................................................................................ 19

2.4.1 How to draw Tree Diagram ........................................................ 19

2.4.1.1 Bottom-Up Trees ............................................................ 20

2.4.1.2 Top-Down Trees ............................................................ 22

2.4.2 The Function of Tree Diagram ................................................... 23

2.4.3 The Rules in Tree Diagram ........................................................ 25

2.4.3.1 Noun Phrase (NP) .......................................................... 25

2.4.3.2 Adjective Phrase (AP) .................................................... 26

2.4.3.3 Adverb Phrase (AdvP) ................................................... 26

2.4.3.4 Preposition Phrase (PP) .................................................. 26

2.4.3.5 Verb Phrase (VP) ........................................................... 27

2.4.3.6 Clause ............................................................................. 28

2.5 Mass Media ......................................................................................... 29

2.6 Magazine ............................................................................................. 29

2.7 Reader’s Digest Magazine .................................................................. 31

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................. 32

3.2 Research Object ................................................................................... 33

3.3 Research Instrument ............................................................................ 33

3.3.1 Documents ................................................................................. 33

3.4 Data Collection..................................................................................... 34

3.5 Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Finding ................................................................................ 37

4.1.1 Drawing Sentences Based on the Theory.................................. 37

4.1.2 The Types of Sentences in “High-Tech Breakthroughs for

Eyesight” Article ..................................................................... 56

4.2 Discussion ........................................................................................... 58

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 61

5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................... 62

REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 64

APPENDIXES

Appendix ................................................................................................... 66

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