english colonial society preview: “british colonials were such a diverse, contentious lot that any...

English Colonial SocietyEnglish Colonial Society

Preview: Preview: “British colonials were such a “British colonials were such a diverse, contentious lot that any hope diverse, contentious lot that any hope of political union seemed utterly of political union seemed utterly impractical….Yet despite such impractical….Yet despite such disagreements, a majority of white disagreements, a majority of white colonials took pride in their English colonials took pride in their English traditions and in membership in a traditions and in membership in a powerful empire.”powerful empire.”

Immigration and Immigration and Natural IncreaseNatural Increase• Enormous ethnic Enormous ethnic

diversitydiversity• Tremendous Tremendous

birthrate: three times birthrate: three times higher than todayhigher than today

• Demographic Demographic changes resulted in changes resulted in shift in the balance of shift in the balance of power betweenpower between the the colonies and England.colonies and England.

• 1700 = less than 1700 = less than 300,000 people; 300,000 people;

• 2.5 million by 1775 2.5 million by 1775

Demographics: Forces of DivisionDemographics: Forces of Division

Population growth in the American coloniesPopulation growth in the American colonies

1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigrationincrease is immigration

1650:1650: 1700:1700: 1725:1725: 1750:1750: 1775:1775:



1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth ratenow immigration augmented by birth rate

1700:1700: 1725:1725: 1750:1750: 1775:1775:




1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchangedunchanged

1725:1725: 1750:1750: 1775:1775:





1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 yearsdoubles every 25 years

1750:1750: 1775:1775:






1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigrationimmigration

1775:1775:






1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigrationimmigration

1775: 2.5 million; 60% male; 80% white; under 50% 1775: 2.5 million; 60% male; 80% white; under 50% EnglishEnglish

New England the least ethnically mixedNew England the least ethnically mixed Middle colonies most ethnically mixedMiddle colonies most ethnically mixed

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

Notecard 41Notecard 41

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

Notecard 41Notecard 41

The Settlement of the BackcountryThe Settlement of the Backcountry• Backcountry society was very isolatedBackcountry society was very isolated

Social Conflict on the FrontierSocial Conflict on the Frontier• 1763: Paxton boys (mostly Scots Irish) 1763: Paxton boys (mostly Scots Irish)

protest inadequate protection from protest inadequate protection from IndiansIndians

• 1771, Carolina Regulator 1771, Carolina Regulator MovementMovement:: Frustrated poor people Frustrated poor people from western North Carolina rebelled from western North Carolina rebelled against the colonial government against the colonial government

• Ethnic and class differences sparked Ethnic and class differences sparked tensionstensions

Colonial ReligionColonial Religion Anglicans (Church of England)Anglicans (Church of England) King of England was the head of the Church (his King of England was the head of the Church (his

power came from God)power came from God) Used Book of Common Prayer, yet maintained Used Book of Common Prayer, yet maintained

many Catholic practicesmany Catholic practices Established (tax supported) in the SouthEstablished (tax supported) in the South No American Bishops, loosely watched over by No American Bishops, loosely watched over by

the Bishop of London, power predominately the Bishop of London, power predominately lodged in the hands of the local vestrieslodged in the hands of the local vestries

Being a member carried a great degree of status Being a member carried a great degree of status in the coloniesin the colonies

Name of Denomination Number Chief Locale

Congregationalists 575,000 New England

Anglicans 500,000 N.Y., South, especially in Virginia and Maryland

Presbyterians 410,000 Frontier

German Churches (incl. Lutheran) 200,000 Pennsylvania

Dutch Reformed 75,000 N.Y., N.J.

Quakers 40,000 N.J. & Penn

Baptists 25,000 R.I., N.J., Del.

Roman Catholics 25,000 Maryland, Pennsylvania

Methodists 5,000 Scattered

Jews 2,000 N.Y., R.I.

Est. Total Membership 1,857,000

Est. Total Population 2,493,000

Percentage of Church Members

74%

Colonies Established Churches

Year Disestablished

Massachusetts (including Maine)

Congregational (Puritans)

1833

Connecticut Congregational 1818

New Hampshire Congregational 1819

New York Anglican 1777

Maryland Anglican 1777

Virginia Anglican 1786

North Carolina Anglican 1776

South Carolina Anglican 1778

Georgia Anglican 1777

Rhode Island none

New Jersey none

Delaware none

Pennsylvania none

Enlightenment and Awakening in Enlightenment and Awakening in AmericaAmerica

The Enlightenment in AmericaThe Enlightenment in America• Ben Franklin and many colonial leaders Ben Franklin and many colonial leaders

were devotees of the Enlightenment ideal were devotees of the Enlightenment ideal of human reasonof human reason

• Movement of “rational Christianity” – Movement of “rational Christianity” – Christian beliefs must be reasonableChristian beliefs must be reasonable

• Important thinkers: John Locke, Baron de Important thinkers: John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Adam SmithMontesquieu, and Adam Smith

• Deism (God as the watch maker)Deism (God as the watch maker)• Many ministers grew concerned over the Many ministers grew concerned over the

growth of rationalismgrowth of rationalism

The First Great The First Great AwakeningAwakening• Evangelical reaction Evangelical reaction

to rationalismto rationalism• Emotional message Emotional message

appealed to all appealed to all classes and classes and ethnicitiesethnicities

• George Whitfield George Whitfield and Jonathan and Jonathan Edwards most Edwards most famous preachersfamous preachers

Read Jonathon Edwards Read Jonathon Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” on pages an Angry God” on pages 30 330 3rdrd paragraph, “That paragraph, “That

God holds you over a pit God holds you over a pit of hell” (skip page 29)of hell” (skip page 29)

Pages 27-28, Q 1-3Pages 27-28, Q 1-3

Colonial Religion handoutColonial Religion handout

The Aftermath of the Great The Aftermath of the Great AwakeningAwakening• Movement deepened divide between Movement deepened divide between

religious factions, “Old Lights” vs. “New religious factions, “Old Lights” vs. “New Lights”Lights”

• Growth of Baptist and Presbyterian Growth of Baptist and Presbyterian churcheschurches

• New colleges founded, Columbia, New colleges founded, Columbia, Brown, Dartmouth, Princeton (Ivy Brown, Dartmouth, Princeton (Ivy League Schools)League Schools)

• Democratizing Effect, lead to Democratizing Effect, lead to Revolution?Revolution?

Name of University Original Name (if different)

Location Opened or Founded

Denomination

Harvard Cambridge, Massachusetts

1636 Congregational (Puritan)

William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia

1693 Anglican

Yale New Haven, Connecticut


Princeton Collage of New Jersey

Princeton, New Jersey

1746 Presbyterian

Pennsylvania The Academy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

1751 Nonsectarian

Columbia King’s Collage New York, New York

1754 Anglican

Brown Rhode Island College

Providence, Rhode Island

1764 Baptist

Rutgers Queen’s College

New Brunswick, New Jersey

1766 Dutch Reformed

Dartmouth (began as an Indian missionary school)

Hanover, New Hampshire


Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

Eighteenth-Century Eighteenth-Century SeaportsSeaports

• All major colonial All major colonial cities were cities were seaportsseaports

Philadelphia, New Philadelphia, New York, Boston, & York, Boston, & CharlestonCharleston

• Dominated by Dominated by merchants and merchants and artisansartisans

The Imperial The Imperial System before System before 17601760• English government’s English government’s

policy of salutary policy of salutary (benign neglect): (benign neglect): indifference toward indifference toward American coloniesAmerican colonies

• Economically, the Economically, the Mercantilist system Mercantilist system was suppose to was suppose to dominate the dominate the colonies, yet this idea colonies, yet this idea was hardly enforced was hardly enforced in any of its forms, in any of its forms, including the including the Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

cotton

iron

lumber

furniture

tools

textiles

I’m bloody filthy rich!

Navigation Acts (1660's)

Ex.) sugar, tobacco, indigo1) Most products could be sold only to England.

2) All products going to the colonies had to first go through England where the products were taxed.

spices

tea

spices

tea

Triangle TradeTriangle Trade

.

. England

Africa

Amer

ican

Colon

ies

slaves

tobacco, rice, indigo

guns

, tex

tiles

West Indies

. .

England

Africa

Amer

ican

Colon

ies

slaves

suga

r,

mol

asse

s rum, ironWest Indies

.

. England

Africa

Amer

ican

Colon

ies

slaves

tobacco, rice, indigo

guns

, tex

tiles

West Indies

.

slaves

rum, iron

suga

r,

mol

asse

s

Navigation Acts, pg. 62Navigation Acts, pg. 62

Positives:Positives: Negatives:Negatives:

Positives: Allowed Britain and the colonies to build up their

own merchant marines Protected English manufacturers from foreign

trade Ships had to be ¾ British (colonist counted) Colonial urbanization- Phil, NYC Colonial ship building expanded Did not affect 60% of colonial exports (rum,

grain, & lumber were okay) Gave colonist a monopoly on British markets for

many enumerated goods (cash crops) Refunded much of the duties on re-exported

items Led to economic diversification Colonist could smuggle around laws

(Salutary Neglect) Created some industries for colonies because of

bounties and tariffs, like lumber Could still make some goods on a small scale Could manufacture iron

Negatives: Limited free trade Cut out Dutch

traders that sold goods cheaper

Enumerated goods had to pass through England and be taxed

Banned large-scale manufacturing

New England Colonies

Farming was difficult in New England because of:

• long winters

• thick forests

• rocky soil

* Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

Middle Colonies• New York was first settled by the Dutch, then the English.

• Pennsylvania was originally a Quaker settlement.

• In time, Pennsylvania was settled by German-speaking Protestants known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.

• Farmers exported grain such as wheat, barley, and rye.

• Therefore, the Middle Colonies became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

Southern Colonies

• Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on plantations. (Cash crops)

• The South has rich soil and a warm climate.

• Planters, or plantation owners, relied on slave labor to accumulate massive wealth.

Government structure of Government structure of Colonies by 1775 Colonies by 1775

11. Royal Colonies: 8 col. had . Royal Colonies: 8 col. had royal governors royal governors appointed by the crown. appointed by the crown.

2. Proprietary Colonies: 3 2. Proprietary Colonies: 3 col. led by proprietors col. led by proprietors who chose governors who chose governors -- Mary., Penn., and Del. -- Mary., Penn., and Del.

3. Charter Colonies: Conn. & 3. Charter Colonies: Conn. &

R.I. elected own R.I. elected own governors governors under self-gov. charters. under self-gov. charters.

Bicameral legislature Bicameral legislature

most commonmost common 1. Upper house, or 1. Upper house, or Council -- normally Council -- normally appointed by the appointed by the crown crown or proprietoror proprietor

2. Lower house, 2. Lower house, or or Assembly -- Assembly -- elected elected by property by property owners owners

Voted for taxes to pay Voted for taxes to pay expenses in the expenses in the Colonial gov.Colonial gov.

New England -- New England -- townhall meetings townhall meetings

Voting restrictionsVoting restrictionsa. Property and/or a. Property and/or

religious qualifications religious qualifications were imposed were imposed

See Handout p. 63-64

Lord Cornbury: Lord Cornbury: New York Governor New York Governor

from 1702 - 1708from 1702 - 1708

New England Confederation New England Confederation created to deal with the Warcreated to deal with the War

Purpose: Enforce Purpose: Enforce Navigation laws Navigation laws created created to protect mercantilist to protect mercantilist system system

James II appointed James II appointed Sir Sir Edmund AndrosEdmund Andros to lead to lead the DNE, takes away most the DNE, takes away most all colonists rightsall colonists rights

Triggered "First Amer. Rev.“Triggered "First Amer. Rev.“ England's England's "Glorious "Glorious

Revolution"Revolution" • Catholic James II dethroned Catholic James II dethroned

in Eng. and replaced by in Eng. and replaced by Protestant William & Protestant William & Mary Mary

Dominion of New England (1686) Dominion of New England (1686)

Essay 4Essay 4 Compare and contrast the colonies of Compare and contrast the colonies of

TWO of the following European TWO of the following European empires in North America before empires in North America before 1763.1763.• BritishBritish• FrenchFrench• SpanishSpanish

French vs. Spanish vs. EnglishFrench vs. Spanish vs. English

Summary of relations between the three Summary of relations between the three major colonial powers in America and major colonial powers in America and

the Amerindiansthe Amerindians Spain sought to Christianize and control the Spain sought to Christianize and control the

Indians (through the Indians (through the encomiendaencomienda, , haciendahacienda and and mission systems)mission systems)

The French sought to establish strong trade The French sought to establish strong trade relations with the Native Americans; Jesuits relations with the Native Americans; Jesuits sought to convert them.sought to convert them.

English settlers often sought to either move English settlers often sought to either move Indians westward or annihilate themIndians westward or annihilate them

Spanish SettlementSpanish Settlement

c. c. St. AugustineSt. Augustine fortress erected (1565): oldest fortress erected (1565): oldest European settlement in U.S.European settlement in U.S. -- Purpose: keep French out of Spanish southeast -- Purpose: keep French out of Spanish southeast territory & protect sea lanes in the Caribbean. territory & protect sea lanes in the Caribbean.

d. d. New MexicoNew Mexico founded in 1609, Santa Fe founded in 1609, Santa Fe became capital. became capital. i. Mission system established in 17th century i. Mission system established in 17th century

ii. ii. Pueblo RevoltPueblo Revolt (1680): Amerindians, led (1680): Amerindians, led by by Pope, rebelled against Spanish rule; Pope, rebelled against Spanish rule; eventually subduedeventually subdued

e. e. TexasTexas: 1716, mission system established in : 1716, mission system established in Texas Texas

(including San Antonio-- later the Alamo(including San Antonio-- later the Alamo

f. f. CaliforniaCalifornia • i. Spain concerned about Britain & Russia in N. i. Spain concerned about Britain & Russia in N.

America after 1763America after 1763• ii. ii. Father Junipero Serra founded first mission Father Junipero Serra founded first mission

in San Diego in 1769in San Diego in 1769. .

-- 20 missions followed (Franciscan friars); 4 -- 20 missions followed (Franciscan friars); 4 presidiospresidios

France in North AmericaFrance in North AmericaA. French explorationA. French exploration

1. Giovanni da Verrazano, 1524: sailed American coast 1. Giovanni da Verrazano, 1524: sailed American coast from Carolina to Maine.from Carolina to Maine.

-- Probably the first European to see New York harbor.-- Probably the first European to see New York harbor.

2. Jacques Cartier explored up the St. Lawrence River in 2. Jacques Cartier explored up the St. Lawrence River in 1530s.1530s.

3. In response, Spain erected fort St. Augustine, Florida, 3. In response, Spain erected fort St. Augustine, Florida, (1565) to keep French out of North American interior (1565) to keep French out of North American interior & Caribbean.& Caribbean.

4. 4. Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain “father of New France” “father of New France” established Quebec in 1608 (a year after the English established Quebec in 1608 (a year after the English founded Jamestown in Virginia)founded Jamestown in Virginia)

French vs. Spanish vs. EnglishFrench vs. Spanish vs. English

B. B. Of the European powers, the French were Of the European powers, the French were the most successful in creating an effective the most successful in creating an effective trading relationship with the Indianstrading relationship with the Indians..

1. 1. English settlers sought to remove or exterminate AmerindiansEnglish settlers sought to remove or exterminate Amerindians

2. 2. Spanish sought to Christianize Indians and use them for Spanish sought to Christianize Indians and use them for forcedforced labor.labor.

-- Utilized the -- Utilized the encomienda systemencomienda system (forced labor in towns) (forced labor in towns), , hacienda systemhacienda system (forced labor for farming), and later, the (forced labor for farming), and later, the mission systemmission system (forced conversion). (forced conversion).

The French became great gift giversThe French became great gift givers (the key to getting on with (the key to getting on with Amerindians who based inter-tribal relationships on gift giving) Amerindians who based inter-tribal relationships on gift giving) during late 17during late 17thth century. century. i. Trade not seen as a transaction or contract (like in i. Trade not seen as a transaction or contract (like in Europe). Europe). ii. Trade seen by Indians as a continuing process. ii. Trade seen by Indians as a continuing process.

iii. When a group stopped trading w/ another, it was iii. When a group stopped trading w/ another, it was tantamount to declaring war. tantamount to declaring war.

C. C. The beaver trade led to exploration of The beaver trade led to exploration of much of North Americamuch of North America; ;

(heavy demand for fur in European fashion)(heavy demand for fur in European fashion)1. 1. Coureurs de boisCoureurs de bois (“runners of the woods”) – Rough (“runners of the woods”) – Rough

frontiersmen who sought to tap the lucrative fur trade.frontiersmen who sought to tap the lucrative fur trade.

2. French seamen - 2. French seamen - voyageursvoyageurs -- recruited Indians into -- recruited Indians into the fur tradethe fur trade

D. D. JesuitsJesuits: Catholic Missionaries who sought to convert : Catholic Missionaries who sought to convert Indians and save them from the fur trappers. Indians and save them from the fur trappers.

1. Some were brutally killed by Indians (although in the 1. Some were brutally killed by Indians (although in the eyes of Indians, Jesuits held up best to torture and eyes of Indians, Jesuits held up best to torture and were thus more respected than other European were thus more respected than other European groups).groups).

2. Played a vital role as explorers and geographers. 2. Played a vital role as explorers and geographers.

E. Other explorers E. Other explorers 1. Antoine Cadillac -- founded Detroit in 1701 1. Antoine Cadillac -- founded Detroit in 1701

-- Aimed to keep English settlers out of the Ohio -- Aimed to keep English settlers out of the Ohio Valley Valley

2. Robert de La Salle -- Sailed from Quebec, down through the Great Lakes, 2. Robert de La Salle -- Sailed from Quebec, down through the Great Lakes, and down the Mississippi River in 1682 with the help of Indian guides. and down the Mississippi River in 1682 with the help of Indian guides. a. Goal: prevent Spanish expansion into Gulf of a. Goal: prevent Spanish expansion into Gulf of Mexico region Mexico region b. Coined the name "Louisiana" in honor of Louis XIV b. Coined the name "Louisiana" in honor of Louis XIV

3. French establish posts in the Mississippi region 3. French establish posts in the Mississippi region

(New Orleans most important—1718) (New Orleans most important—1718) a. Attempt to block Spanish expansion into the Gulf ofa. Attempt to block Spanish expansion into the Gulf of

Mexico.Mexico.

b. Forts and trading posts in Illinois country: b. Forts and trading posts in Illinois country: Kaskaskia, Cahokia, & Kaskaskia, Cahokia, & Vincennes Vincennes -- Large amounts of grain sent down the -- Large amounts of grain sent down the Mississippi River for shipment to the West Mississippi River for shipment to the West Indies and Indies and Europe. Europe.

Impact of French (and British) on eastern Impact of French (and British) on eastern woodlands Indians: decimation by woodlands Indians: decimation by

diseases,diseases, gun warfare & alcoholismgun warfare & alcoholism. .

Contributions of Mother Countries to North AmericaContributions of Mother Countries to North America

1. England: Democratic forms of local government; 1. England: Democratic forms of local government; tradition of hard-working, zealous individuals, tradition of hard-working, zealous individuals, English languageEnglish language

2. France: Language, culture, and religion introduced 2. France: Language, culture, and religion introduced to Canada and Louisiana and to many Amerindians to Canada and Louisiana and to many Amerindians west of Appalachians; large-scale trade with west of Appalachians; large-scale trade with AmerindiansAmerindians

3. Spain: Schools, hospitals, and printing presses 3. Spain: Schools, hospitals, and printing presses established by missionaries; Spanish language in established by missionaries; Spanish language in the Southwest; teaching of Christianity and the Southwest; teaching of Christianity and handicrafts to Amerindians.handicrafts to Amerindians.

The Royal Government in New France, 1663

Originally ran by a joint stock companey, The Charter of the Company of 100 Associates (1627-1663)

• Chamblain 1st Governor of Quebec• Charter cancelled because it had defaulted on its promise to transport thousands of settlers

to New France IntendantIntendant

• Responsible for the daily economic affairs of the colony, trade, justice, finance, and settlementResponsible for the daily economic affairs of the colony, trade, justice, finance, and settlement

GovernorGovernor• represented the king in the colony. He was responsible for the defense of New France and for relations with the represented the king in the colony. He was responsible for the defense of New France and for relations with the

English and the Indians.English and the Indians.

Bishop Bishop • in charge of the church which in turn was responsible for the spiritual and social needs of the colony through its in charge of the church which in turn was responsible for the spiritual and social needs of the colony through its

church, its schools, charities, hospitals and for the conversion of the Natives.church, its schools, charities, hospitals and for the conversion of the Natives.

The Sovereign CouncilThe Sovereign Council• Consisted of a dozen officials including the governor, intendant and bishop. It acted as a legislative, administrative Consisted of a dozen officials including the governor, intendant and bishop. It acted as a legislative, administrative

and judicial body and it was the sole governing authority in the colony responsible to the king.and judicial body and it was the sole governing authority in the colony responsible to the king.

Captains of Militia:Captains of Militia: The Captains of the Militia reported to the Intendant about the concerns of the habitants The Captains of the Militia reported to the Intendant about the concerns of the habitants

and informed the habitants of the Intendant's plans.and informed the habitants of the Intendant's plans. More centralized government structure than the English colonies (less self-government), More centralized government structure than the English colonies (less self-government),

no representative assembliesno representative assemblies

Climb the ladder answerClimb the ladder answer

1. Belief in religious freedom was central to the development of the Northern colonies of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, while primarily economic motives drove the interests of the Southern colonies of Virginia and South Carolina

2. The Puritans goal was to build a religious utopian society and were initially successful at this venture in Massachusetts Bay, but faded over time because of their religious intolerance.

3. The British policy of salutary neglect primarily allowed for self-government to develop in the colonies, while letting a significant degree of freedom of religion, and a small degree of free trade to grow.

4. The British and Spanish empires were similar in their mercantilist economic outlooks, while strongly divergent in their treatment of Native Americans and their degree of centralization of government

Essay 2Essay 2

Compare and contrast settlement in Compare and contrast settlement in colonial New England compared to colonial New England compared to Virginia from 1607 to 1754Virginia from 1607 to 1754

Map ActivityMap Activity Label and date all 13 coloniesLabel and date all 13 colonies Draw borders around the Draw borders around the

dividing line between the dividing line between the Southern, Middle, & New Southern, Middle, & New England ColoniesEngland Colonies

Label the port cities of Label the port cities of Philadelphia, New York, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, & CharlestonBoston, & Charleston

Label the Appalachian Label the Appalachian MountainsMountains

Circle the 2 Chesapeake Circle the 2 Chesapeake Colonies and label the Colonies and label the Chesapeake BayChesapeake Bay

Chesapeake Bay

13 Colonies KEY

New England

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New England Colonies

Farming was difficult in New England because of:

• long winters

• thick forests

• rocky soil

* Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

Middle Colonies• New York was first settled by the Dutch, then the English.

• Pennsylvania was originally a Quaker settlement.

• In time, Pennsylvania was settled by German-speaking Protestants known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.

• Farmers exported grain such as wheat, barley, and rye.

• Therefore, the Middle Colonies became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

Southern Colonies

• Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on plantations.

• The South has rich soil and a warm climate.

• Planters, or plantation owners, relied on slave labor to accumulate massive wealth.

1. “Belief in religious freedom was central to the development of some colonies, while in other colonies economic interests dictated development.”

-Assess the validity of this statement.

2.2. Throughout the colonial period, Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns.”America than did religious concerns.”

-Assess the validity of this statement -Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to economic with specific reference to economic and religious concerns. and religious concerns.

Religion• NE- Puritans, City Upon a Hill, Roger Williams- RI, yet

trade Boston & shipping • Penn- Quakers, holy experiment, yet trade

Philadelphia & bread basket• Maryland- Catholic haven, proprietary colony, yet

tobacco farming Economics

• Virginia- Joint-Stock Company, make money, tobacco, Rolfe, plantations, slavery (Anglican)

• Carolinas- Cash crops- rice & indigo, slavery imported from Barbados, Charleston port city (Anglican)

• NY- Trade, NYC, Dutch West India company, fur trade (Anglican)

• Georgia – Oglethorpe, debtors haven, buffer for SC, failed utopia (Anglican)

3.3. In the seventeenth century, New In the seventeenth century, New England Puritans tried to create a England Puritans tried to create a model society. What were their model society. What were their aspirations, and to what extent were aspirations, and to what extent were those aspirations fulfilled during the those aspirations fulfilled during the seventeenth century?seventeenth century?

4. Compare the ways in 4. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the which religion shaped the development of colonial development of colonial society (to 1750) in TWO of society (to 1750) in TWO of the following regions:the following regions:

New EnglandNew EnglandChesapeakeChesapeakeMiddle AtlanticMiddle Atlantic

New EnglandNew England Colonies: MBC, Plymouth, Conn, New Haven, New Hampshire, RIColonies: MBC, Plymouth, Conn, New Haven, New Hampshire, RI Religion- Puritans (Congregationalists), Separatists(Pilgrims), a few Religion- Puritans (Congregationalists), Separatists(Pilgrims), a few

outsiders like Quakers and Baptistsoutsiders like Quakers and Baptists Ideas- Predestination- the elect, Work Ethic, reform the church, Ideas- Predestination- the elect, Work Ethic, reform the church,

intolerance, Social Covenant, Utopia- City Upon a Hillintolerance, Social Covenant, Utopia- City Upon a Hill Development:Development:

• Gov- Theocracy, Church membership to voteGov- Theocracy, Church membership to vote• Settlement Pattern-Settlement Pattern-• Economy- Trade- Boston, small farms, little slavery, egalitarian Economy- Trade- Boston, small farms, little slavery, egalitarian • Education- Train people to be literate in the Bible, or Education- Train people to be literate in the Bible, or

universities like Harvard to train ministersuniversities like Harvard to train ministers• Intolerance (b/c Utopia-perfect society)- RI Roger Williams, Intolerance (b/c Utopia-perfect society)- RI Roger Williams,

Salem, Anne Hutchinson, Quakers, treatment of Native Salem, Anne Hutchinson, Quakers, treatment of Native Americans, Pequot War-Mystic River Massacre, King Phillip’s Americans, Pequot War-Mystic River Massacre, King Phillip’s War, Ethnicity- homogeneous, EnglishWar, Ethnicity- homogeneous, English

• Demographics- Great Migration, settle as families, in towns to Demographics- Great Migration, settle as families, in towns to watch each otherwatch each other

ChesapeakeChesapeake•Colonies: Maryland & Virginia (Jamestown)Colonies: Maryland & Virginia (Jamestown)•Religions: Catholics in Maryland, Church of England Religions: Catholics in Maryland, Church of England (Anglicans) came to dominate, state (tax) supported (Anglicans) came to dominate, state (tax) supported churcheschurches•Development Development

• Economy: slavery, Cash Crops society Economy: slavery, Cash Crops society • Gov-House of Burgess- Land to vote, Salutary NeglectGov-House of Burgess- Land to vote, Salutary Neglect• Little public Education- William and Mary to train Little public Education- William and Mary to train

Anglican ministersAnglican ministers• Demographics- mostly males in the beginning, Demographics- mostly males in the beginning,

plantation settlements patternsplantation settlements patterns• Maryland- Started out as a Catholic refuge-Lord Maryland- Started out as a Catholic refuge-Lord

Baltimore, but overrun by Anglicans- Religious Baltimore, but overrun by Anglicans- Religious Toleration Act-1649Toleration Act-1649

Middle AtlanticMiddle Atlantic• Penn, NY, NJ, DelawarePenn, NY, NJ, Delaware

ReligionsReligions• Dutch Reformed Church- Protestants-PatroonshipsDutch Reformed Church- Protestants-Patroonships• Quakers- Penn-Utopia “Holy Experiment”- Proprietary ColonyQuakers- Penn-Utopia “Holy Experiment”- Proprietary Colony

Inner Light, no taxes for church, pacifists, no titles, Penn Inner Light, no taxes for church, pacifists, no titles, Penn and Fox, dislike of authority and official church structureand Fox, dislike of authority and official church structure

• DevelopmentDevelopment Tolerant: Open, liberal, attracts people, ethnic diversity- Tolerant: Open, liberal, attracts people, ethnic diversity-

Germans, English, Scotts-Irish. marketedGermans, English, Scotts-Irish. marketed Negotiated with Indians, more humane treatment in PennNegotiated with Indians, more humane treatment in Penn Overrun by outsiders, took overOverrun by outsiders, took over Economy: Trade NYC, Philadelphia, grain export, little Economy: Trade NYC, Philadelphia, grain export, little

slavery in the beginningslavery in the beginning

5. For the period before 1754, analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society as illustrated in the following,•Legislative Assemblies•Commerce•Religion

Salutary Neglect: Salutary Neglect: England does not closely watch over England does not closely watch over the colonies or enforce rulesthe colonies or enforce rules

Legislative Assemblies (practiced self-gov)Legislative Assemblies (practiced self-gov)• In every colony, like the House of BurgessIn every colony, like the House of Burgess• Tied to the citizens, suffrage based on land ownershipTied to the citizens, suffrage based on land ownership• Power of the purse, raise taxes, spend, raise a militiaPower of the purse, raise taxes, spend, raise a militia• Town Halls in NETown Halls in NE• Royal governorsRoyal governors

Commerce (Exercised some degree of free trade)Commerce (Exercised some degree of free trade)• Mercantilism: Navigation ActsMercantilism: Navigation Acts• Triangle Trade, Slave trade, middle passageTriangle Trade, Slave trade, middle passage• Cash cropsCash crops• SmugglingSmuggling

Religion (Freedom in area to practice Religion (Freedom in area to practice religion separate from the Church of religion separate from the Church of England, led to variety & diversity)England, led to variety & diversity)• Anglicans, no Bishops in colonies, Little direct control Anglicans, no Bishops in colonies, Little direct control

from the Kingfrom the King• Protestants: Puritans, NE, purify, Separatists & Plymouth, Protestants: Puritans, NE, purify, Separatists & Plymouth,

Quakers, & Penn, Presbyterian & Scots-Irish, Baptists & Quakers, & Penn, Presbyterian & Scots-Irish, Baptists & RIRI

• Catholics, Maryland haven, overrun by Protestants, Catholics, Maryland haven, overrun by Protestants, Toleration Act 1649Toleration Act 1649

• Religious freedom in Penn & RIReligious freedom in Penn & RI• Established ChurchesEstablished Churches• Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

6.6. Compare the ways in which Compare the ways in which TWO of the following reflected TWO of the following reflected tensions in colonial society: tensions in colonial society:

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Pueblo Revolt (1680)Pueblo Revolt (1680) Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692)Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692) Stono Rebellion (1739).Stono Rebellion (1739).

7.7. How did economic, How did economic, geographic, and social factors geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775?and 1775?

8.8. Compare and contrast the Compare and contrast the colonies of TWO of the following colonies of TWO of the following groups in North America before groups in North America before 1763.1763.• BritishBritish• FrenchFrench• SpanishSpanish

EconomicsEconomics SpanishSpanish French French EnglishEnglish

GovernmentGovernment SpanishSpanish French French EnglishEnglish

GeographyGeography SpanishSpanish French French EnglishEnglish

ReligionReligion SpanishSpanish French French EnglishEnglish

Native AmericansNative Americans SpanishSpanish French French EnglishEnglish

Mercantilism – An economic system based on the idea that a nation could increase its wealth by importing raw materials from, and export finished goods to, its colonies.

3) All ships used in trade had to be built in either England or the colonies.

Video: The Navigation Acts & the Glorious Revolution 0:05:24

The Triangular Trade – Summary (1:58)

Roots : rebellion amongst the slave ship Lord Ligonier by Kunta Kinte (5:39)

Middle Passage - from Amistad (edited - 3:34)

Slave Trade Documentary (2008) - American descendants of slave traders trace their ancestry and explore the issue of race. (5:09)

Videos: The Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage

In what ways did the French In what ways did the French and Indian War alter the and Indian War alter the political, economic, and political, economic, and ideological relations ideological relations between Britain and its between Britain and its American colonists? American colonists? Confine your answer from Confine your answer from 1740 to 1766.1740 to 1766.

Evaluate the relative importance Evaluate the relative importance of TWO of the following as of TWO of the following as factors prompting Americans to factors prompting Americans to rebel in 1776:rebel in 1776:

-Parliamentary taxation-Parliamentary taxation-Restriction of civil liberties-Restriction of civil liberties-British military measures-British military measures-The legacy of colonial -The legacy of colonial

religious and political ideasreligious and political ideas

To what extent did the American To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally Revolution fundamentally change American society? In change American society? In your answer be sure to address your answer be sure to address TWO of the following as factors TWO of the following as factors from 1775 to 1800:from 1775 to 1800:

-political-political-social-social-economic-economic

““The American The American Revolution brought about Revolution brought about a social revolution in a social revolution in America from 1775-1800” America from 1775-1800”

-Assess the validity of this -Assess the validity of this statement statement

Analyze the degree to which the Analyze the degree to which the Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation provided an effective form of provided an effective form of government with respect to any government with respect to any two of the following:two of the following:

-Foreign relations-Foreign relations-Economic conditions-Economic conditions-Western Lands-Western Lands

““The Constitution did not come The Constitution did not come from a desire to protect the from a desire to protect the liberties won in the American liberties won in the American Revolution, but rather to protect Revolution, but rather to protect the financial interests of the the financial interests of the framers.” framers.”

-Assess the validity of this -Assess the validity of this statement.statement.

To what extent was To what extent was the US Constitution the US Constitution a radical departure a radical departure from the Articles of from the Articles of Confederation? Confederation?

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence 44thth of July, 1776 of July, 1776 Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Life, Liberty, & the pursuit of happinessLife, Liberty, & the pursuit of happiness All men are created equalAll men are created equal 22ndnd Continental Congress Continental Congress Blames the KingBlames the King Not a system of lawsNot a system of laws 11stst draft blamed the king for the slave draft blamed the king for the slave

tradetrade

Articles of Confederation, 1776-Articles of Confederation, 1776-17891789

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance Banned slavery in the Northwest Banned slavery in the Northwest

TerritoryTerritory Unicameral legislatureUnicameral legislature No President or federal courtsNo President or federal courts Guided the nation through the Guided the nation through the

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion State centered, these united statesState centered, these united states

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups

Constitution, 1789 startsConstitution, 1789 starts

We the people of the United StatesWe the people of the United States Philadelphia Convention, 1787Philadelphia Convention, 1787 James MadisonJames Madison Beard ThesisBeard Thesis President, Bicameral House and Senate, Federal President, Bicameral House and Senate, Federal

CourtsCourts 3/5 clause, abolished slave trade, yet protects slavery 3/5 clause, abolished slave trade, yet protects slavery

and returns fugitive slavesand returns fugitive slaves Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion Bill of RightsBill of Rights

• Right to bear arms, jury trial, I plead the 5Right to bear arms, jury trial, I plead the 5thth, , freedom of press, assembly, and religionfreedom of press, assembly, and religion

5.5. For the period before 1750, For the period before 1750, analyze the ways in which Britain’s analyze the ways in which Britain’s policy of salutary neglect influenced policy of salutary neglect influenced the development of American society the development of American society as illustrated in TWO of the following,as illustrated in TWO of the following,• Legislative AssembliesLegislative Assemblies• CommerceCommerce• ReligionReligion

4. Compare the ways in 4. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the which religion shaped the development of colonial development of colonial society (to 1750) in TWO of society (to 1750) in TWO of the following regions:the following regions:

New EnglandNew EnglandChesapeakeChesapeakeMiddle AtlanticMiddle Atlantic

english colonial society preview: “british colonials were such a diverse, contentious lot that any...

Documents

white source of increase

white population

white wave of immigration1775

majority of white colonials

american colonies1625

birth rate1700

southno american bishops

colonial government