English 306English 306English 306English 306

English III Lecture (01)English III Lecture (01)

Passive VoicePassive VoiceBy Munira M. IsmailBy Munira M. Ismail

English III Lecture (01)English III Lecture (01)

Passive VoicePassive VoiceBy Munira M. IsmailBy Munira M. Ismail

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Objectives:Objectives:

By the end of this lecture Students By the end of this lecture Students

should be able to make “Active & should be able to make “Active &

Passive Voice sentences” in:Passive Voice sentences” in:

The Present / Past / Future Tenses.The Present / Past / Future Tenses.

The Negative / Questions.The Negative / Questions.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice A sentence in English has:

Tim Burner's LeeTim Burner's Lee inventedinvented the World the World

Wide WebWide Web.

This is an Active Voice.Active Voice.

Subject Verb Object

Subject + verb + Object.Subject + verb + Object.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice We can make a Passive Voice:We can make a Passive Voice:

Tim Burner's LeeTim Burner's Lee invented invented the World Wide Web.the World Wide Web.

subject verb object

agentverbobject

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web was inventedwas invented by Tim Burners Lee.by Tim Burners Lee.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Some sentences have Two Objects: Some sentences have Two Objects:

Direct Object & Indirect Object.Direct Object & Indirect Object.

The teacherThe teacher gavegave the student the student a book.a book.

Subject Ind.ObjectVerb

Dir.Object

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Passive VoicePassive Voice We can make Two Passive Sentences:We can make Two Passive Sentences:

A bookA book was givenwas given to the studentto the student by the by the

teacher.teacher.

The studentThe student was givenwas given a booka book by the teacher.by the teacher.

AgentInd.ObjectVerbDir.Object

Dir.ObjectInd.Object Verb

Agent

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Passive VoicePassive Voice The Passive Voice:The Passive Voice:

We use We use Passive Voice Passive Voice when the when the Object Object is is

ImportantImportant, we put the , we put the ObjectObject at the beginning at the beginning

of the sentence, then the of the sentence, then the VerbVerb after some after some

changes, we changes, we cancan put the subject as an put the subject as an agentagent

at the end of the sentence after at the end of the sentence after by.by.

Object + verb + by (agent).Object + verb + by (agent).

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Passive VoicePassive Voice The nurseThe nurse checkedchecked the patient’s blood pressure.the patient’s blood pressure.

The patient’s blood pressureThe patient’s blood pressure was checkedwas checked by the by the

nurse.nurse.

Subject Verb Object

agent

VerbObject

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Passive VoicePassive Voice CigarettesCigarettes causecause cancer.cancer.

CancerCancer is causedis caused byby Cigarettes.Cigarettes.

Subject Verb Object

agentVerbObject

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Passive VoicePassive Voice The The verbverb is changed when it’s put in the is changed when it’s put in the PassivePassive according to the according to the

Tense of Verb.Tense of Verb.

(1) the Passive in the Simple Present:(1) the Passive in the Simple Present:

AhmedAhmed winswins the first prize. the first prize.

The first prize The first prize is won is won by Ahmed.by Ahmed.

am / is / are + Past Participle (P. P.)am / is / are + Past Participle (P. P.)

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Passive VoicePassive Voice TheyThey drink drink a lot of coffee.a lot of coffee.

A lot of coffee A lot of coffee is drunk is drunk by them.by them.

Ex 1:Ex 1: change these active sentences into the passive: change these active sentences into the passive:

1.1. I I buybuy a newspaper a newspaper every morning. every morning.

A newspaper A newspaper is bought is bought every morning every morning by me.by me.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice 2. 2. BeesBees produceproduce honey. honey.

Honey Honey is produced is produced by bees.by bees.

3. 3. SallySally waterswaters the flowers the flowers every day.every day.

The flowers The flowers are watered are watered every day every day by Sally.by Sally.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice (2) Passive Voice in Simple Past:(2) Passive Voice in Simple Past:

AishaAisha mademade a big cake. a big cake.

A big cake A big cake was made was made by Aisha.by Aisha.

MohammadMohammad filledfilled the car the car with petrol.with petrol.

The car The car was filled was filled with petrol.with petrol.

was / were + Past Participle (P. P.)was / were + Past Participle (P. P.)

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Dr. Ahmad Dr. Ahmad examinedexamined the patient.the patient.

The patient The patient was examined was examined by by Dr. Ahmad.Dr. Ahmad.

FlemingFleming discovereddiscovered PenicillinPenicillin in 1950.in 1950.

PenicillinPenicillin was discoveredwas discovered byby Fleming in 1950. Fleming in 1950.

The surgeonsThe surgeons are operating onare operating on an old womanan old woman right now. right now.

An old womanAn old woman is being operated onis being operated on right now. right now.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Ex2: Change into Passive Voice: Ex2: Change into Passive Voice:

1.1. Father Father sentsent us us a postcard a postcard from Paris.from Paris.

A postcard A postcard was sent was sent to us to us from Paris from Paris by father.by father.

2.2. Ali Ali caughtcaught the first bus the first bus this morning.this morning.

The first bus The first bus was caughtwas caught this morning this morning by Ali.by Ali.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice (3) Passive Voice in the Present Continuous: (3) Passive Voice in the Present Continuous:

TheyThey are takingare taking the injured peoplethe injured people to the hospital.to the hospital.

The injured peopleThe injured people are being takenare being taken to the hospital.to the hospital.

The studentsThe students are attendingare attending the lecture.the lecture.

The lectureThe lecture is being attended.is being attended. byby t the studentshe students

am / is / are + being + (P. P.)am / is / are + being + (P. P.)

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Ex Ex 3: Put these sentences in the Passive:3: Put these sentences in the Passive:

1. The girls 1. The girls are learning are learning English .English .

EnglishEnglish is being learned is being learned by the girls.by the girls.

2. I2. I'm doing 'm doing exercises. exercises.

ExercisesExercises are being done .are being done .

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Passive VoicePassive Voice (4) Passive Voice in Past Continuous:(4) Passive Voice in Past Continuous:

The children The children were playing were playing football.football.

Football Football was being played.was being played.

Amina Amina was using was using the computer.the computer.

The computer The computer was being used was being used byby Amina.Amina.

was / were + being + (P. P.)was / were + being + (P. P.)

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Passive VoicePassive Voice Ex 4: Put the sentences in the Passive: Ex 4: Put the sentences in the Passive:

1. Aisha 1. Aisha was writing was writing a report.a report.

A report A report was being written was being written by Aisha.by Aisha.

2. 2. The children The children were eating were eating chocolate.chocolate.

Chocolate Chocolate was being eaten was being eaten by the children.by the children.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice (5) Passive Voice in Present Perfect:(5) Passive Voice in Present Perfect:

The doctorThe doctor has givenhas given a new treatmenta new treatment to the to the

patient.patient.

A new treatment A new treatment has been given has been given to the to the

patient patient by by the doctor.the doctor.

have / has + been + P. P.have / has + been + P. P.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice The engineer The engineer has designed has designed a beautiful new house.a beautiful new house.

A beautiful new house A beautiful new house has been designed has been designed by the by the

engineer.engineer.

Mother Mother has cleaned has cleaned the house.the house.

The house The house has been cleaned has been cleaned by mother.by mother.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice

(6) Passive Voice in Past Perfect:(6) Passive Voice in Past Perfect:

1. 1. The police The police had reopened had reopened the Motorway the Motorway after the car accident.after the car accident.

The Motorway The Motorway had been reopened had been reopened after the car accident after the car accident by the by the

police.police.

2. They 2. They had built had built a new hospital.a new hospital.

A new hospital A new hospital had been built.had been built.

had + been + P. P.had + been + P. P.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice 3. She 3. She had borrowed had borrowed a new book.a new book.

A new book A new book had been borrowed had been borrowed by her.by her.

(7) Passive Voice with will / can / must:(7) Passive Voice with will / can / must:

1.They 1.They will paint will paint the old house.the old house.

The old house The old house will be painted.will be painted.

will / can / must + be + p.p.will / can / must + be + p.p.

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Passive VoicePassive Voice 2. You 2. You must give up must give up smoking.smoking.

SmokingSmoking must be given up.must be given up.

3. The nurse 3. The nurse will help will help the patient the patient to walk.to walk.

The patient The patient will be helped will be helped to walk to walk by the nurse.by the nurse.

4. 4. II can help can help youyou with your homework. with your homework.

YouYou can be helped can be helped with your homework with your homework by me.by me.