ENGLISH 11 B EXAM REVIEW

NOTECARD COMPONENTS

SOURCE LETTER This letter is from the bibliography card. Each

source has its own letter. You must include these letters on your note cards as well.

H“More than half of all US presidents have been first born children. Two-thirds of entrepreneurs are first-borns. This roster includes presidents Truman, Johnson; Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby and Jackie Onassis.”

PAGE LOCATION If you are using a source with pages

(book, journal, magazine, etc), you must note the page number. H

Oldest13“More than half of all US presidents have been first born children. Two-thirds of entrepreneurs are first-borns. This roster includes presidents Truman, Johnson; Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby and Jackie Onassis.”

OUTLINE CATEGORY Looking at the research you have done and

your temporary outline, you will categorize the information into general categories. This will help in developing each of your body paragraphs.

H Oldest“More than half of all US presidents have been first born children. Two-thirds of entrepreneurs are first-borns. This roster includes presidents Truman, Johnson; Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby and Jackie Onassis.”

PARAPHRASE Paraphrasing is used within your research

paper. It is when you take text from other sources and write it into your own words, still giving credit to the original author.

HOldest“More than half of all US presidents have been first born children. Two-thirds of entrepreneurs are first-borns. This roster includes presidents Truman, Johnson; Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby and Jackie Onassis.”

Acceptable paraphrase:

There are many people in US society of prominent status who were first borns, this includes positions such as President of the United States and entrepreneurs. Familiar names of first borns includes Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby, and Presidents Truman and Johnson. (H)

DIRECT QUOTES Repeats the words of a source

EXACTLY! When citing in your paper, be sure to use quotation marks.

H Oldest“More than half of all US presidents have been first born children. Two-thirds of entrepreneurs are first-borns. This roster includes presidents Truman, Johnson; Oprah Winfrey, Bill Cosby and Jackie Onassis.”

WRITING WITHIN YOUR PAPER

ELLIPSIS Nonessential parts of a quotation can

be cut if the overall meaning of the quotation is not changed. Indicate the omission of material from a quotation by using ellipsis points – a series of three spaced dots.

In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs“ (F)

BRACKETS If you add a word or words in a

quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.

Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states, "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" 

PARENTHESIS

STEPS IN WRITING THE RESEARCH PAPER

CHOOSING THE SUBJECT

DOING PRELIMINARY RESEARCH

LIMITING YOUR SUBJECT TO A SPECIFIC TOPIC

WRITING A STATEMENT OF CONTROLLING PURPOSE

This should be a declarative sentence.

PREPARING A LIST OF POSSIBLE SOURCES

TAKING NOTES/DEVELOPING A

ROUGH OUTLINE

ORGANIZING NOTES/CREATING FINAL

OUTLINE

WRITING A FIRST DRAFT

REVISING A DRAFT

WRITING FINAL DRAFT AND WORKS CITED LIST Don’t forget…

Bibliography information is listed in alphabetical order.

End Notes are listed in the order that they appear in the paper.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

SIMPLE SENTENCE A simple sentence, also called an

independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.

Examples are below. Subjects are in green and verbs are in blue. A. Some students like to study in the

mornings.B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day

COMPOUND SENTENCE A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by

a conjunction. The conjunctions are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) 

Examples are below. Subjects are in green and verbs are in blue and conjunctions are in red.

A. He tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.  B.  Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.  C.  Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.

COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more

dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who,or which.

Subjects are in green, verbs in blue and subordinators and commas (if needed) are in red.

A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.  B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. 

COMPOUND/COMPLEX SENTENCE A compound-complex sentence has two or more INDEPENDENT

clauses and one or more SUBORDINATE clauses.

Independent clauses are red and dependent clauses are in blue.

The first and only president of the Congress of the Confederation, which managed the first U.S. government, was John Hanson, and he was elected by the Congress in 1781.

Because I am an English teacher, some people expect me to speak perfectly, and other people expect me to write perfectly.

LORD OF THE FLIES VOCABULARY

abominable

despicable/deserved

antiphonal

sung alternately

gesticulated

gestured

opalescent

clear, iridescent

plinth A square rock serving as a base

scurfy flaking with residue

vexed trouble