english 103 introduction
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englishTRANSCRIPT
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ENGLISH 103: MODERN COMMUNICATION
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Introduction to Technical Writing
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Definition
• Written communication about a scientific or technical subject to a specific reader or group of readers for the purpose of giving certain information. It is also called scientific writing.
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Definition
• It is characterized by certain formal elements, such as its scientific and technical vocabulary, graphic aids, and its use of conventional report forms.
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Definition
• It is ideally characterized by the maintenance of impartiality and objectivity by extreme care.
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• W- width (scope)• R- register (what language)• I- Intention (purpose)• T-tenor (tone and circumstances surrounding the
writing)• I- information (subject)• N- needs ( who needs/what needs/expectations• G-genre- (exposition, description,narration, etc.)
How to make every writing effective?
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Importance
• Technical writing focuses on materials designed for the fields of business, engineering and technology, trade and industry, medicine and science and politics and many other fields of human endeavour.
• THESE WRITTEN MATERIALS ARE WRITTEN TO INFORM, TO INSTRUCT AND TO PERSUADE.
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Qualities of a Technical Writer
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• T- Technology driven • E- Effectual• C- Curious W- Workmanly
H- Honest R- Resourceful• N- Neutral I- Interesting• I- Intelligent T- Thorough• C- Careful E - Ethical• A- Active R- Responsible• L- Logical
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Technical Writing vs Literary Writing
POINTS OF CONTRAST
TECHNICAL WRITING
LITERARY WRITING
1. Subject Scientific/technical Non- scientific/non-technical
2. Readership Specific General
3. Purpose Informative/persuasive
Entertaining
4. Language Literal/denotative Figurative/connotative
5. Style Impersonal personal
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Technical Writing vs Literary WritingPOINTS OF CONTRAST
TECHNICAL WRITING
LITERARY WRITING
6. Tone Heavy/serious Light/amusing
7.Point of View Usually third person, sometimes second person
First person or third person
8.Emotionality Unemotional Emotional
9.Objectivity objective/neutral Subjective/biased
10. Format Formal informal
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ABC of Technical Writing
Accuracy- accurate- devoid of errors- every word is precise
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Brevity
- brief and short“the shorter the paper, the
better. ”-avoid deadwood,
redundancies and other unnecessary words and phrases
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Coherence
- putting ideas together to form a coherent whole- avoiding dangling or squinting modifiersconstructing coordination and subordination properly
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Directness
- direct to the point- refrain from going around the bush/roundabout construction- avoids long winded introduction
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Emphasis
- highlights main ideas and downplay subordinate ones- use of parallelism, position, proportion, repetition, variation, conciseness, etc.
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Factuality
- based on facts- provable, testable and credible
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Grammaticality
- does not violate grammatical rules or standards of correctness or structures in the language
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Heaviness
- subject matter is serious
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Intelligibility
- it must be easily understood- must have a way of making difficult
terms easy on the part of the reader-
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Judiciousness
- written judiciously- there is good judgment- clear difference between
fact and opinion, truth and fallacy, relevance and irrelevance
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Keenness
- keen and sharp- writer uses intelligence for
readers’ satisfaction
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Logicality
- conforms with the principles of logic
- effective technical writing is a product of rational thinking and sound reasoning
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Mechanical Correctness
- conforms with the various rules of mechanics
-correct usage of punctuation marks, spelling, spacing, indention, capitalization, italicization, margining, alignment, etc
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Neutrality
- not biased- does not favour only one
side- not partial- not prejudiced
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Order
-written in an orderly manner- ideas flow smoothly- employs proper formatting and lay outing of materials, textuals and otherwise
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Personality
- reflection of the kind of person the writer is
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Quality
- lived up to standards and possesses only all the positive traits any technical writer must have-serves its purpose and satisfies its readers
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Reader- Friendliness
- adapted to the reader’s needs, interests, and knowledge
- writer produces the right effect because he considers his readers and knows how to make them respond to his writings
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Specificity
- technical writing is written by a specific writer to a specific reader for a specific purpose
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Thoroughness
- a complete work- thoroughly done-effective writer provides
all important data
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Unity
- consistent in purpose, idea, subject, voice, mood, number, person, gender, language
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Veracity
- contains no lies- information comes from
reliable sources- no act of plagiarism
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Worth
-valuable to its reader or group of readers
- it satisfies the readers’ need for information
-serves other purposes
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X- Factor
- x-factor- stands for an unknown factor- unique paper-stands out from other papers
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Yuppiness
Yuppy- YUP- young urban professional- new,young,modern and
professional
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Zeal
- eager desire or enthusiastic diligence