UNIVERZITET CRNE GORE INSTITUT ZA STRANE JEZIKE

PRAVNI FAKULTET

ENGLESKI JEZIK - STRUČNI I

PRIPREMA ZA ZAVRŠNI ISPIT

PRIPREMIO: DANILO ALAGIĆ

PODGORICA, MAJ 2015

UNIT 3 ♦ Court system

♦ Court personnel ♦ Civil procedure ♦ Criminal procedure

♦ Jurisdiction ♦ Criminal offences

KEY VOCABULARY (pg 35)

resolve disputes rješavati sporove

fairly pravično

matter stvar, pitanje, predmet

interpret and establish law tumačiti i uspostaviti zakon

raise questions pokrenuti pitanja

affect something uticati na nešto

enforce law sprovoditi zakon

criminal law krivično pravo

resolve civil disputes rješavati građanske sporove

uphold zagovarati, unaprijediti, podržavati

agency uprava, agencija, organ, vlast

government agencies organi vlasti

consider evidence razmatrati dokaze

determine a judgment odrediti, utvrditi presudu

impartial nepristrasan, objektivan

settle differences prevazići razlike

alternative dispute resolution alternativno rješavanje sporova

provide guidance dati, pružiti, navesti smjernice

acceptable conduct prihvatljivo ponašanje/ophođenje

READING

COURT SYSTEM

hear saslušati, održati raspravu/ročište, saslušati

svjedoke, voditi istragu, pretresati

main hearing glavni pretres

civil action građanska parnica

family matters porodična pitanja

undefended divorce sporazumni razvod

Magistrates’ Court Sud magistrata, Prekršajni sud, niži sud

County Court Oblasni sud

stipendiary magistrate sudija suda magistrata sa stalnim zaposlenjem, plaćen (stipend – plata), od 2003: okružne sudije

lay magistrate sudije volonteri, neplaćeni, bez formalnog

obrazovanja u pravu ili pravnih kvalifikacija

lay laik, amater (layman)

lay judges sudije porotnici

go on appeal ići na žalbu

complex civil cases složene građanske parnice

compensation naknada štete

consumer complaints žalbe potrošača

faulty goods neispravna roba/proizvodi

claimant podnosilac tužbe

plaintiff tužilac

legal remedy pravni lijek

suffer harm or injury pretrpjeti štetu ili povredu

circuit judges oblasne/okružne sudije (circuit – kotar, srez)

recovery of land povraćaj zemljišta

recorder zapisničar, registrator, sekretar suda, sudija obalsnog suda

High Court of Justice Viši sud pravde

division of the court odjeljenje/sektor suda

Court of Appeal Apelacioni sud

reverse a decision preinačiti odluku

uphold a decision potvrditi odluku

bind obavezati

binding decision obavezujuća odluka

bypass a court zaobići sud

general public šira javnost

appelant podnosilac žalbe

leave to appeal osnovanost/dopuštenost žalbe

life peers izabrani lordovi

hereditary peers nasljedni lordovi

appeal hearing saslušanje po žalbi

try-trial suditi-suđenje

petty crimes lakša krivična djela

Crown Court Krunski sud, Sud krune, Kraljevski sud

commit someone predati nekoga, proslijediti

more severe punishment strožija kazna

fine novčana kazna

imprisonment kazna zatvora

try summarily po skraćenom postupku, bez porote

Youth Court Sud za maloljetna lica

indictable offences teža krivična djela

prosecute someone krivično goniti

a person alleged to commit a crime lice koje je navodno počinilo neko krivično djelo

defendant optuženi

appeal against conviction žalba na presudu/osudu

sentence izrečena kazna zatvora (izriče je sudija)

Criminal Division Krivično odjeljenje

grant an appeal odobriti žalbu, prihvatiti osnovanost žalbe

The Court System in England and Wales

CRIMINAL CASES CIVIL CASES

HOUSE OF LORDS

Appeals may go to

Court of Appeal

Criminal Division

Court of Appeal, Civil Division

Appeals go from here to

Appeals usually go to, or may leapfrog to

Crown Court

High Court of Justice (Queen’s Bench, Chancery,

Family Division)

Appeals go from here to

Appeals may leapfrog from here to

Magistrate Court

County Court

or the Court of First Instance

Match the terms from column A with their meaning in column B: (pg 37, ex. II)

A B

1. stipendiary magistrate

2. lay magistrate

3. reverse

4. uphold 5. recorder 6. circuit

7. quorum 8. appellant 9. claimant

10. petty crime 11. indictable

offences

A) confirm a court decision B) a geographical division for legal purposes C) to change a court decision to be the opposite of what it

was D) a paid magistrate (appointed by the Home Secretary in

UK) dealing with police cases E) part time judge with ten years standing as a barrister or solicitor

F) unpaid and not legally trained magistrate who is an established member of the local community G) the smallest number of people who must be present at

a meeting to allow official decisions to be made H) someone who makes an official request for money from

a government, insurance company etc I) offence for which you can be officially accused and brought to a court for trial

J) someone who appeals against a decision of a court of law K) a crime that is not very serious

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

D F C A E B G J H K I

LAW ON COURTS (ADDITIONAL EXERCISE)

A. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: The Court is State body performing judicial power.

Sud je državni organ koji vrši sudsku vlast.

Judges and lay judges shall perform the judicial office.

Sudsku funkciju vrši sudija i sudija-porotnik.

Judges shall judge and decide independently and autonomously.

Sudija sudi i odlučuje samostalno i nezavisno.

Every person shall have the right to impartial judicial proceedings within a reasonable

deadline.

Svako ima pravo na nepristrasno suđenje u razumnom roku.

Judges and lay judges shall be elected and dismissed by the Assembly.

Sudiju i sudiju-porotnika bira i razrješava Skupština Republike Crne Gore

Svi su jednaki pred sudom.

Everyone is equal before the court.

Rad suda je javan, izuzev u slučajevima predviđenim zakonom.

The work of the court shall be public, except in cases provided for by the law.

The courts are:

basic courts; higher courts;

commercial courts; Appellate Court of the Republic of Montenegro

Administrative Court of the Republic of Montenegro B. WHOSE JURISDICTION?

a) Which court shall have (at first instance) jurisdiction to/over:

to judge at first instance, criminal offences for which a fine or imprisonment up to 10

years is prescribed by the law as the principal punishment

u prvom stepenu sudi za krivična djela za koja je zakonom propisana kao

glavna novčana kazna ili kazna zatvora do 10 godina,

disclosure of a state secret

odavanje državne tajne;

litigation between domestic and foreign companies, other legal persons and

entrepreneurs (commercial entities) resulting from their commercial legal relations

sporove između domaćih i stranih preduzeća, drugih pravnih lica i

preduzetnika (privredni subjekti) iz njihovih privrednopravnih odnosa

disputes relating to property, matrimony, family, persons, copyright and other matters

u sporovima iz imovinskih, bračnih, porodičnih, ličnopravnih, autorskih i

drugih odnosa

judge in criminal proceedings for criminal offences for which imprisonment in excess of

10 years is prescribed by the law as the principal punishment HC

sudi u krivičnom postupku o krivičnim djelima za koja je, kao glavna kazna,

propisana kazna zatvora preko 10 godina

decide on conflict of jurisdiction between: basic courts from the territory of several high

courts; between basic and high courts; between high courts; between commercial

courts;

rješava sukobe nadležnosti između osnovnih sudova sa područja različitih viših

sudova; osnovnih i viših sudova; viših sudova; privrednih sudova;

rape

decide on appeals against decisions of high courts at first instance, as well as appeals

against decisions of commercial courts;

odlučuje o žalbama protiv prvostepenih odluka viših sudova, kao i žalbama

protiv odluka privrednih sudova;

legality of definite administrative acts in administrative disputes

u upravnom sporu o zakonitosti konačnih upravnih akata

Vocabulary (pg 39. ex I, II)

overrule a decision preinačiti/ukinuti odluku

decipher odgonetnuti, dešifrovati

omission propuštanje, nečinjenje

trigger a lawsuit pokrenuti/inicirati parnicu

injured party oštećena strana

merits of the claim suština/osnovanost žalbe, predstavke, zahtjeva

file a complaint uložiti žalbu

petition podnesak, tužba, predstavka. žalba, peticija

submit a petition podnijeti tužbu

dismiss a case odbaciti slučaj

frivoulous neozbiljan, bezvrijedan, isprazan

settle nagoditi se

(pg 40, ex III)

1. appellate court (or court

of appeals, appeals court)

a) This is where a person under age of 18

would be tried. 2. crown court b) This is the court of primary jurisdiction,

where a case is heard for the first time. 3. high court c) This is where small crimes are tried in the

UK.

4. juvenile court d) This is where law students argue hypothetical cases.

5. lower court (or court of first instance)

e) This is where a case is reviewed which has already been heard in a lower court.

6. magistrates’ court f) This is where cases involving a limited amount of money are handled.

7. moot court (simulacija suđenja)

g) This is where serious criminal cases are heard by a judge and a jury in the UK.

8. small-claims court h) This is where a group of specially chosen

people examine legal problems of a particular type, such as employment disputes.

9. tribunal i) This is usually the highest court in a

jurisdiction, the court of last resort.

PERSONS IN COURT

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

defendant/respondent tužena strana, optuženi

prudent razuman, razborit, mudar

bailiff sudski čuvar, sprovodnik, izvršilac

clerk zapisničar, službenik u pisarnici, referent

appellant/petitioner podnosilac žalbe

claimant/plaintiff podnosilac tužbe, tužilac

plead zalagati se, izjasniti se o optužnici, dokazivati,

predstavljati slučaj

offender izvršilac krivičnog djela

state prosecutor državni tužilac

key: 1. c 2. f 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. e

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

E G I A B C D F H

Typical Layout of the Criminal Court (pg 42)

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

layout plan, raspored

probation uslovna sloboda

parole pomilovanje

dock optuženička klupa

offender izvršilac krivičnog djela

community service rad u javnom interesu

usher službenik suda, sprovodnik/razvodnik

chamber vijeće, komora, odaja

proceeding postupak

supervise offenders nadgledati učionice krivičnih djela

witness stand klupa za svjedoke

Listening 3 (pg 43)

Essential terms

Plaintiff: the aggrieved party who institutes a legal action (tužilac) Defendant: the party against whom the grievance (tužba) is filed (optuženi) Appeal: a request by the losing party in a case to have a higher court review the

application of law (žalba) Appellant: the party appealing a lower court’s decision (podnosilac žalbe)

Appellee: the prevailing party in a lower court against whom the appellant seeks an appeal Jurisdiction: the area(s) over which a court has the power to hear cases and impose

judgment (nadležnost) Remand: an appellate court may send the case back to the lower court in certain

circumstances for further action (vratiti na ponovno suđenje) Trial court: the court having initial jurisdiction over a case, hearing both facts and law, and basing its decision on an application of the law to the facts (prvostepeni sud)

Cause of action: the legal basis for a court case; facts that trigger the application of a particular law; cases are sometimes dismissed for failure to state a cause of action (osnovanost tužbe)

CROSSWORD PUZZLE (key)

READING (pg 45) CIVIL PROCEDURE

debt repayment otplata duga

breach of contract kršenje ugovora

insolvency proceeding stečajni postupak

non-contentious litigation vanparnični postupak

(be) subject to biti predmet, podlijegati, na koji se primjenjuje

Civil Procedure Rules Pravilnik o parničnom postupku, Pravilnik o

građanskim parnicama

come into force stupiti na snagu

case manager rukovodilac slučaja

adhere to timetables pridržavati se, držati se rasporeda/utvrđenih rokova

directions smjernice, planovi

summons sudski poziv, nalog za svjedočenje

make an order izdati nalog/zabranu/rješenje

serve on someone uručiti nekome (pismena, poziv)

admit the claim priznati tužbeni zahtjev

form of admission formular za priznavanje tužbenog zahtjeva

acknowledgement of service form potvrda prijema/uručenja, dostavnica

receipt of the claim prijem tužbe

counterclaim protivtužba

service uručenje, dostavljanje (pismena)

particulars pojedinosti, detalji

time extension produžetak roka, odlaganje

allocate a case dodijeliti slučaj

disclosure davanje, otkrivanje,, objelodavljivanje, obezbjediti uvid u

witness statement izjava svjedoka

settle differences prevazići razlike

a stay in procedure prekid postupka, odlaganje, obustava

temporary halt privremena obustava

inspection uvid u, provjera

Complete the definitions (pg 46)

1. INSPECTION - the process by which a claimant may look at written evidence held by the defence.

2. COUNTERCLAIM - the document in which the defendant makes a claim against the claimant.

3. FORM OF ADMISSION - the document in which the defendant agrees to the claim

made by the claimant. 4. CLAIM FORM - the document starting a claim proceedings. 5. DISCLOSURE - the process by which the claimant is required to inform the

defendant of documents they hold relevant to the claim. 6. WITNESS STATEMENT - the document giving evidence by someone who saw or heard

something critical to the case. 7. PRACTICE DIRECTIONS - the instructions given by a judge on how procedures

should be carried out in a case.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (pg 48)

prosecute someone krivično goniti

be charged with biti optužen za

apprehend suspect privesti/lišiti osumnjičenog slobode

detain in cistody zadržati u pritvoru

offender učinilac/izvršilac krivičnog djela

Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Služba tužilaštva Krune

prospects of conviction izgledi za osuđujuću presudu

caution mjere upozorenja/predostrožnost

further action dalje mjere/koraci

serve summons uručiti sudski poziv

set out offence navesti krivično djelo

warrant of arrest nalog za hapšenje

summary offences lakša krivična djela

indictable offences teška krivična djela

alleged navodni, koji se tvrdi

indictment optužnica

plead guilty prihvatiti navode optužnice, priznati krivicu

sentence izreći kaznu, kazniti

commit to uputiti, proslijediti

penalty kazna

plea izjasniti se, odgovoriti na optužnicu

grant something odobriti, dozvoliti nešto

adverserial akuzatorni

cross-examination unakrsno ispitivanje

burden of proff teret dokazivanja

beyond reasonable doubt van osnovane sumnje, van svake sumnje

grant bail odobriti kauciju

temporary release privremeno pustiti (na slobodu)

grounds osnove, temelji, razlozi

commit an offence počiniti krivično djelo

preparatory hearing pripremno ročište

whereabouts boravište

counsel advokat, pravni zastupnik

change plea prihvatiti navode optužnice

verdict presuda porote

acquit osloboditi, pustiti na slobodu

Complete the definitions (pg 49)

1. a WARRANT OF ARREST - a court document authorizing the police to detain

someone. 2. an INDICTMENT - a written statement with details of the crimes someone is charged

with

3. a SUMMON - a formal order to attend court

Make word combinations using the words from the box. (pg 49)

Criminal Doubt sentence Indictable

Guilty Proceedings Prospect Severe

reasonable Costs offences Plea

Defence reduced Penalties realistic

Listening 4 (pg 51, ex II) 1. affidavit a) a document informing someone that they will be involved in a legal

process and instructing them what they must do

2. answer b) a document or set of documents containing the details about a court case

3. brief c) a document providing notification of a fact, claim or proceeding 4. complaint d) a formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the

defence in a case

5. injunction e) a written statement that somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth, which might be used as proof in court

6. motion f) an application to a court to obtain an order, ruling or decision

7. notice g) an official order from a court for a person to stop doing something 8. pleading h) in civil law, the first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff, which

initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based 9. writ i) the principal pleading by the defendant in response to a complaint

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

criminal proceedings krivični postupak

realistic prospects realni izgledi

defence costs troškovi odbrane

reasonable doubt osnovana sumnja

guilty plea izjasniti se krivim, prihvatiti navode optužnice

reduced sentence smanjena/skraćena kazna

severe penalties stroge kazne

indictable offences teža krivična djela

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

E I B H G F C D A

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

affidavit pismena izjava pod zakletvom

answer odgovor na tužbeni zahtjev

brief omot spisa, sudski dosije

complaint žalba, predstavka

injunction sudska zabrana, nalog

motion predlog, molba

notice obavještenje, podnesak, pismena

pleading izjava,podnesak

writ sudski nalog, psimeni poziv

VOCABULARY (pg 51, ex II)

1 to draft a document

(sačiniti nacrt dokumenta)

a) to deliver a legal document to someone,

demanding that they go to a court of law or that they obey an order

2 to issue a document (izdati document)

b) to produce a piece of writing or a plan that your intend to change later

3 to file a document with an authority

(zavesti document)

c) to deliver a document formally for a decision to be made by others

4 to serve a document on someone (or to serve someone with

a document) (uručiti)

d) to officially record something, especially in a court of law

e) to produce something official

5 to submit a document to an

authority (podnijeti)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

B E D A C

LISTENING 5 (pg 53, 54)

JURISDICTION

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

original jurisdiction nadležnost prvostepenog suda

subject matter jurisdiction stvarna nadležnost

concurrent ravnopravna, istovremena nadležnost

demurrer prigovor

tort delikt, krivično djelo

exclusive jurisdiction isključiva nadležnost

probate ostavinski postupak

vocabulary (pg 58, 59)

CRIMINAL OFFENCES

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

misdemeanor prekršaj

disturbing the peace narušavanje mira

recless driving nesmotrena vožnja

DUI (driving under the influence) vožnja pod uticajem alkohola ili narkotika

petty offences lakši prekršaji

felony teže krivično djelo

penitentiary zatvor

manslaughter ubistvo oz nehata

mitigating circumstances olakšavajuće okolnosti

linient sentence blaža kazna

justifiable opravdan

self defence samoodbrana

CRIMINAL OFFENCES – PART TWO

(additional exercise)

ubistvo murder

teško ubistvo aggravated murder

ubistvo na mah/ubistvo iz nehata manslaughter (voluntary/unvoluntary)

nehat negligence

ubistvo djeteta pri porođaju infanticide

teška tjelesna povreda heavy/serious/grave bodily injury

laka tjelesna povreda light bodily injury

prinuda coercion

iznuda extortion

otmica abduction

uvreda insult

kleveta defamation; pisana – libel, izrečena – slender

krađa theft

sitna krađa petty theft

teža krađa aggravated theft

razbojništvo robbery

pokušaj ubistva attempted murder

ubistvo s predumišljajem premeditated murder

pranje novca money laundry

napad assault

prekršaj misdemeanor

lakša krivična djela petty crimes

teža krivična djela indictable offences

UNIT 4 ♦ Legal Professions ♦ A Carrier in Law

♦ Solicitor/Barristers/Judges ♦ Adjectives and Adverbs

LEGAL PROFESSIONS

KEY VOCABULARY (pg 67) legal services pravne usluge

carry out something/conduct sth vršiti, sprovoditi, izvesti

general practicioner of law pravnik “opšte prakse”

legal negotiations pravni pregovori

draw up will sačiniti testament

legal effect pravni učinak, snaga

plead case iznijeti/iznositi slučaj, predstaviti slučaj pred sudom

indictment optužnica

wigs and gowns perike i odore/ogrtače

appoint ≠ nominate postaviti ≠ imenovati

on behalf of u ime

maintain independence održati nezavisnost

impartial approach nepristrasan pristup

revoke a judge opozvati sudiju

misconduct nedolično/neprofesionalno ponašanje

feature crta, karakteristika

lay magistrate sudije bez pravnih kvalifikacija/sudije porotnici

in-house counsel korporativni advokat

Listening 6 (pg 68) litigation parnica

litigate case voditi parnicu/ići na sud

practice law baviti se advokaturom, zastupati pred sudom

draft contracts pisati/sačiniti ugovore

represent defendants zastupati optužene

READING AND SPEAKING

SOLICITORS (pg 70, 71)

practice of law advokatura

legal practicioner pravni stručnjak, znalac

advocacy zastupanje na sudu, zauzimanje, predstavljanje

undertake latiti se nečega, poduzeti

conveyancing prenos zemlje, zemljišta

draw up contract sačiniti, napraviti, sastaviti ugovor

right of audience pojavljivati se pred sudom, zastupati na profesionalnom nivou

support staff pomoćno osoblje/kadar

qualification stručna sprema

trainee pripravnik

grounding temeljna obuka, osnovno podučavanje

secondment privremeno premještanje zaposlenih

BARRISTERS (pg 72, 73)

sole trader samostalni preduzetnik/trgovac

liability odgovornost

limited liability ograničena odgovornost

CPS Krunsko tužilaštvo/služba tužilaštva krune

chamber komora, vijeće

inn krčma

circuit oblast, srez

collegiate akademski, studentski

counsel advokat, zastupnik

refer oslovljavati, nazvati

ancillary dodatni, pomoćni

on behalf of u ime

conversion course preorjentacija, prekvalifikacija

pupilage staž; đačko doba

Inns of Court profesionalno udruženje advokata

get insight steći uvid

rules of conduct pravila ponašanja

etiquette lijepo/prikladno ponašanje ili ophođenje

draft pleading sačiniti podnesak/tužbu

meet objectives ispuniti ciljeve

attend meetings prisustvovati sastancima

minutes zapisnik

substantial znatno, značajno

fee naknada, taksa

vocabulary (pg 73)

C 1. Someone who works for him or herself is a. provide representation

A 2. If you speak on behalf of clients in your court, you

b. lay clients.

B 3. Non-professional clients are known as c. self-employed/ a sole trader.

E 4. Barristers working solely for a company are called

d. instructed.

G 5. The governing authorities of barristers are

e. in-house counsel.

D 6. When a solicitor gives a barrister the details of a case, the barrister is

f. practice at the Bar.

F 7. When you work as a barrister you g. the Bar Council and the Inns of Court.

Grammar focus (pg 90) Adjectives and adverbs

Prilog Prevod Definicija

allegedly navodno be (am, is, are, was, were) said to have

deservedly zasluženo it (be) right

reputedly po opštem mišljenju it (be) generally believed

unexpectedly neočekivano come as a surprise, it (be) believed

belatedly sa zakašnjenjem, odocnio

only much later

repeatedly koji se ponavlja, stalno over and over again

undoubtedly nesumljivo be sure that

wholeheartedly potpuno, duboko to give complete ...

UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO INSTITUTE FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGES

LEGAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST - LEVEL V (mock final exam)

___________________________ __________________________

(Name) (Index No.)

____________________________ __________________________ (Teacher) (Date)

I Read the text and do the exercise given below it

Legal vs. Moral By Jack Dunphy

Sinning and grinning in Bill Clinton’s America. Mr. Dunphy is an officer of the Los Angeles Police Department

This may come as a shock to you, gentle readers, but there was a time early in my police

career when I considered going to law school. As much as I relished the thrills afforded by fighting crime and villainy on the streets, it was the combat that took place in the courthouse that fascinated me. Making the arrest is but half the battle, indeed the easier half. The true reward comes from shepherding a case through the minefield of the legal system, ultimately persuading twelve jurors (often thick-headed ones) that the man now meekly seated before them cradling a Bible deserves to be convicted and sent away. Many have been the shiny-suit defense attorney who sought to make a monkey out of Officer Dunphy on the witness stand, only to find his client bundled off to the jug and himself standing — or stooping — among the lower primates.

But better judgment prevailed, for when I further investigated the legal profession I came to a disturbing conclusion. Though my friends in the trade have for the most part avoided this dark fate, something terrible very often happens to people who attend law school: They turn into lawyers. Law students are taught to subordinate morality to legality, to believe that any and all conduct is permissible and even defensible if no statute has been enacted against it. Only those students whose moral compasses remain fully magnetized and properly oriented emerge from the process unchanged. Hence we endure one disturbing aspect of the Condit circus, which has now predictably evolved from tragedy to comedy and finally to farce. On the various cable channels there is no shortage of men and women with degrees from prestigious law schools and years of practice behind them who, for the mere compensation of appearing on television, will say with a perfectly straight face that Gary Condit has done nothing wrong — and should not even be criticized — because we have no proof he has broken any laws. This is Bill Clinton's America, where the only sin is judgementalism.

As loathsome as I may find the typical lawyer, I am nonetheless a fervent supporter of the American legal system, including one's right to the presumption of innocence before the law. But this presumption-of-innocence business has come to be misunderstood over the years, hasn't it? The presumption of innocence constrains the government from taking punitive action against a citizen until he has been afforded due process and the case against him has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. While I might find a certain level of satisfaction in plucking a few troublemakers off the streets and casting them into the tower, I understand that other police officers might not act as judiciously as I would in employing such tactics. I therefore accept the constitutional restraints placed upon me.

Although my authority as a police officer remains checked by these restraints, my sense of morality is not. O. J. Simpson was acquitted by a jury of his peers (recall the above remark about thick-headed jurors), so I as a police officer must treat him as I would any other citizen. But, unlike those jurors, I have not surrendered my common sense. I remain free to draw reasonable inferences from the evidence presented against Mr. Simpson, even if the jury irrationally failed to do so. If while off duty I encounter him on the street, I am perfectly entitled to flip him the old bird and voice my opinion that he is a murdering so-and-so. And I eagerly await the opportunity to do just that.

And so it is with Mr. Condit. Granted, we have yet to learn of any direct links between the congressman and Chandra Levy's disappearance, and all day, every day we are serenaded by the

Condit chorus: "There's no proof . . . He's not a suspect . . ." and on and on and on. But none of this prevents me from reaching my own conclusion about his behavior, even as most of his fellow legislators try to pretend none of this has occurred. Mr. Condit's every action since the investigation began seemed designed not to assist the police in locating Chandra, or even to salvage whatever scant traces of honor that might remain in him, but rather to keep his congressional hide out of the cooler. I don't know what it all means, exactly, but it means something. And it isn't good.

There was a time in America when Mr. Condit might have been brought down to the police station, where he would have been ushered into a small room for a long talk with a big cop. At the conclusion of this conversation the police would very likely have had a better idea of his involvement in Chandra's disappearance. Or, at the very least, the congressman would be far less prone to maintaining that sickening grin of his. Alas, such methods, though effective, were found lacking in constitutional authority. Mr. Condit thus remains free to flit about and grin like a madman for the cameras.

We may never learn what became of Chandra Levy, but this much is clear: Gary Condit is a bum. He may not belong in jail, but neither does he belong in Congress.

Are these sentences true or false?

1. The author thinks that jurors are always extremely wise persons. 2. The author wanted to study law. 3. The author thinks that O.J. Simpson is guilty although the jury acquitted him. 4. The good thing about Law students is that they always complete their studies unchanged. 5. Presumption of innocence before the law is not a good concept according to the author.

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II Grammar- Rewrite these sentences by using one of the adverbs to replace the underlined parts. Make other necessary changes.

allegedly

belatedly

deservedly

repeatedly

reputedly

undoubtedly

unexpectedly

wholeheartedly

1. I am sure that Bill did not kill that man. 2. Some of her relatives heard only much later that she had left them some money in her will. 3. Over and over again she tried to explain to them what happened.

1. ________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________________

3

III Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list. You will not use all the words. sentence criminal jury barristers

settled law provide applied

parties evidence appeal judge

The Crown Court judiciary: The trial is presided over by a ____________ whose functions are to ensure the fair conduct of the _________________ and also to give rulings on points of ____________. The judges also determine the ________________ if the defendant is found guilty. At the end of the presentation of _________________, the judge "directs" the jury as to the law to be applied.

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IV Match the terms from column A with their meaning or definition in column B.

a) ‘apprenticeship’ served by trainee barrister 1. barrister 2. misconduct 3. recorders 4. petty crime

b) member of court personnel who shows people in and out of courtroom and keeps things running smoothly c) specialist in law who plead cases in superior courts and in most trials in criminal cases of indictment.

5. usher 6. pupilage

d) unlawful or improper behaviour, violation of one’s duty e) part-time barristers from private practice who hear cases in court. f) a crime that is not very serious

1. ______ 2. ______ 3.______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______

6 V Correct the mistakes in the following sentences 1. I will see my lawyer at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

_____________________________________________________________

2. We will not have peace until his killer escapes justice.

____________________________________________________________

3. He gave false statement while under oath, and because of that he was accused of precedent.

_____________________________________________________________

4. The law that the parliament has just adopted seems to be disconsistent with the Constitution.

_____________________________________________________________

5. The owner of a foreign company asked me to form a partnerity with him!

_____________________________________________________________

VI Translate the following sentences from English

1. In civil actions, the injured person must file an action in order to initiate proceedings. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. If the offender is found guilty, than he or she must pay damages.

__________________________________________________________________________

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VII Translate the following sentences into English

1. Formalni dokument koji sadrži navode o počinjenom krivičnom djelu i odgovarajuće dokaze naziva se optužnica.

__________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sudija Vrhovnog suda može se opozvati samo u izuzetnim okolnostima i uz zahtjev oba doma

Parlamenta.

__________________________________________________________________________

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10

LEGAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST - LEVEL V (mock final exam - KEY)

I

1. F 2. T 3. T

4. F 5. F

II 1. Undoubtedly

2. Belatedly 3. Repeatedly

III

1. judge 2. parties

3. law 4. sentence 5. evidence

IV

V

1. I will see my lawyer at 10 o’clock tomorrow. AM SEEING

2. We will not have peace until his killer escapes justice. IS BROUGHT TO JUSTICE

3. He gave false statement while under oath, and because of that he was accused of precedent. PERJURY

4. The law that the parliament has just adopted seems to be disconsistent with the Constitution. INCONSISTENT

5. The owner of a foreign company asked me to form a partnerity with him! PARTNERSHIP

VI

1. U parničnom postupku, oštećeni mora podnijeti tužbu da bi pokrenuo postupak. 2. Ukoliko se učinilac krivičnog djela proglasi krivim, on/a mora platiti odštetu.

VII

1. A formal document which contains allegations on the commited criminal offence and

appropriate evidence is called an indictment.

2. Judge of the Supreme Court may be revoked only in special circumstances and on petition from both Houses of Parliament.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

C D E F B A