England: ElizabethEngland: Elizabeth I I

She established a religious policy of She established a religious policy of moderation and compromise.moderation and compromise.

Elizabeth proved to be an intelligent, Elizabeth proved to be an intelligent, educated and self-confident ruler. educated and self-confident ruler.

Mary I (1553-58) Mary I (1553-58) tried to return tried to return

England to England to Catholicism, but Catholicism, but

Protestant resistance Protestant resistance remained.remained.

Mary I nearly had Mary I nearly had her executed at the her executed at the Tower of London Tower of London before Mary died. before Mary died.

Both were restored to Both were restored to succession in 1544 by succession in 1544 by

Henry VIII.Henry VIII.

Act of Supremacy:Act of Supremacy:

Elizabeth repealed Elizabeth repealed Catholic legislation Catholic legislation of her half-sister, of her half-sister,

Mary I.Mary I.

Elizabeth was the Elizabeth was the only supreme only supreme

governor of the governor of the realm which realm which

included spiritual included spiritual matters.matters.

Act of Uniformity:

Book of Common Prayer revised to

make it more acceptable to

Catholics.

Anglicanism represented the religious compromise as opposed to the

persecution of Protestants by Mary I.

Basically, Anglicanism and the Church of Basically, Anglicanism and the Church of England are synonymous with one another.England are synonymous with one another.

Sir Francis Sir Francis Walsingham’s network of Walsingham’s network of

domestic and domestic and international spies were international spies were instrumental in keeping instrumental in keeping

Elizabeth I in power.Elizabeth I in power.

Foreign Policy:Foreign Policy:

Avoided alliances that Avoided alliances that could prove costly to could prove costly to EnglandEngland

Encouraged piracy of Encouraged piracy of Spanish fleetsSpanish fleets

Aided French Huguenots Aided French Huguenots and Dutch Calvinistsand Dutch Calvinists

The Spanish Armada was soundly defeated by British The Spanish Armada was soundly defeated by British fleets in 1588 and England remained Protestant.fleets in 1588 and England remained Protestant.

The white “make-up” worn by Elizabeth took its toll on her beauty

The tomb of Queen Elizabeth I The tomb of Queen Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbeyat Westminster Abbey

Movie Elizabeth’s