england
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ENGLAND. In 1066, William the Conqueror invades England defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings Establishes strong central authority System of taxation – the Doomsday Book. Bayeux tapestry. Henry II (1154-1189). Established Royal Courts Common Law: Unified body of laws - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ENGLAND In 1066, William
the Conqueror invades England defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings
Establishes strong central authority
System of taxation – the Doomsday Book
Bayeux tapestry
Henry II (1154-1189) Established Royal
Courts Common Law:
• Unified body of laws• Judges decisions
form he base of law in various English speaking countries.
King John (1199-1216) Nobles revolt over
growing power of the king
At Runnymeade in 1215 they force him to sign Magna Carta
Limit King’s power Increase power of
Nobles No taxation without
representation Jury trial Protection of Law
Edward I 1272-1307 In 1295 Edward invites 2
knights from every county and two residents from each town along with Great Council to consent to new taxes – First Parliament
House of Lords – nobles House of Commons-
knights and merchants Policy is beginning to be
determined not by the King alone
FRANCE 987 last Carolingian
ruler dies Hugh Capet
establishes Capetian dynasty
Philip II (1180 -1223) greatly increased size of France by defeating England
Obtains Normandy and Aquitane
Philip IV 1285 -1314 1302 took
representative from the 3 classes and created the Estates-General
1st Estate – Clergy 2nd Estate – Nobles 3rd Estate -
Townspeople
Holy Roman Empire Otto I (936-973)
who intervened in Italian politics, helped the Pope, and was crowned Emperor
German kings now rule northern Italy and continually try to expand territory
Attempts to expand empire
Frederick I (1152 – 1190) attacks Italy an alliance of Northern Italian towns defeat him
Frederick II (1212 – 1250) also attempts to conquer Italy but is defeated.
Consequences – Germany is left in the hands of powerful lords during expeditions
These lords create own independent kingdoms
Keeps monarchy weak and king is only a figure-head
Germany stays unified until 19th Century
The Power of the Church increases Pope Gregory VII (1073 to 1085)
claims the Pope is the ruler of all Christendom, even the rulers
Pope eliminates Lay investiture Henry IV king of Germany disobeys
order and the Pope excommunicates him
If a king is excommunicated then all vassals were freed from duties to that king
Showdown at Canoosa January 1077 King
Henry makes his way to Canossa.
Pope makes him wait outside in snow for 3 days
Henry is allowed in and forgiven
Concordat of Worms – 1122 – compromise made between the emperor and church
Church alone elect bishops, but emperor has veto power