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Engineering the Galileo Services Exploitation Phase

Dr. ing. Marco LISIEuropean Space Agency

Special Advisor of the European Commission

International Workshop on "GNSS technologies advances in a multiconstellation framework“

SOGEI, Roma, 23rd April 2013

Objectives

To explain what a service oriented, large and complex system means;

To present the Galileo present status and the preparation to its Early Services phase;

To describe the engineering activities needed for the provision of Galileo services;

To suggest that beyond the obvious technological and technical challenges, a service provision perspective opens new and interesting fields to systems engineering.

What is a service system?

Service (or service-oriented) systems are systems meant to provide value-added services through the use of technology (mainly communications and computer technologies);

A “service system” has been defined as a dynamic configuration of people, technology, organizational networks and shared information (such as languages, processes, metrics, prices, policies, and laws) designed to deliver services that satisfy the needs, wants, or aspirations of customers.

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Characteristics of Service Systems Large and complex systems Software intensive (several million lines of code) Capabilities-based rather than platform-based Organization and governance (human factor) Technical performance is a prerequisite for

production and delivery of services, not a final objective Requirements related to operations, in addition to

technical ones, assume a very high relevance:Quality of Service (QoS) FlexibilityReliability, Availability, Continuity ExpandabilityMaintainability InteroperabilitySafety ResilienceSecurity

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Products vs. Services

Cars

Highways

Trains

Railways

Stations

Parking areas

Aircrafts

Airports

Ships

Etc.

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Large and Complex Systems (1/2)A large and complex system is a system composed of a large number of interconnected elements, often developed and deployed worldwide, which interact dynamically, giving rise to emergent propertiesExamples of complex systems for civil applications include: global satellite navigation systems air traffic control systems railway control systems space systems such as the International Space Station or space

transportation and exploration vehicles surveillance, Earth observation and Homeland security systems electric power distribution systems telecommunication systems complex computer networks, including Internet.

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Large and Complex Systems (2/2)A complex system often integrates existing systems (or parts of them) in an overall large-scale architecture containing a large number of interfaces and implementing multiple modes of operation, in a highly dynamic environmentLarge and complex systems require extensive logistics and maintenance support capabilitiesLarge and complex space-based systems (e.g. Galileo) are conceived to be in service for a long time; in this case the evolution of the system (up-gradings and modifications) has to be taken into account from the beginning.

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Project/System Multiple Perspectives

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Specifying a Service System Functional and technical performance:

• System Requirements Document (SRD) Operational requirements and scenarios:

• Concept of Operations (CONOPS) document Expected service behavior and non-functional

performance:• Service Level Agreement (SLA)

A typical SLA defines Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) and Key Quality Indicators (KQI’s), with target values and target ranges to be achieved over a certain time period.

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Concept of Operations (CONOPS)

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Galileo Program essentials Galileo is Europe's initiative for a state-of-the-art global navigation satellite system, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control While providing autonomous navigation and positioning services, Galileo will at the same time be interoperable with GPS and GLONASS, the two other global satellite navigation systems The fully deployed Galileo system will consist of 30 satellites and the associated ground infrastructure.

The Galileo System

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GALILEO: a Large and Complex ICT System

toexternalService

Providersand otherentities

~ 40 GSS

Constellation - 30 MEO Satellites

ERIS - External Regional Integrity Systems

GCS - Galileo Control System

GMS - Galileo Mission System

GSS - Galileo Sensor Stations

MDDN - Mission Data Dissemination Network

NRS - Navigation Related Service

PRS - Public Regulated Service

SAR - Search And Rescue

SDDN - Satallite Data Dissemination Network

TT&C - Telemetry, Tracking and Telecommand

ULS - Up-Link Station

Galileo Control Centre 2 (GCC2)(geographical redundant)

Galileo Control Centre 1 (GCC1)

ERIS13 m antenna

TT&C S-band Up-linkMission C-band Up-link

(Nav/Integ/SAR/NRS/PRS)5 combined Galileo Up-links Sites

(global coverage)

Total: 5 S-band heads Total: at least 31 C-band heads

Mission C-band Up-link(Nav/Integ/SAR/NRS/PRS)

+ 4 dedicated Mission Up-linksSites

... Direct C-band Up-linksfor Integrity

SDDN MDDN/ ULS Network

MDDN/ GSS Network

Elements of GCS and GMS

Elements of GMS

Elements of GCS

Ground Control and Mission Segments Facilities

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The Galileo “System of Systems”

The Galileo Timeline

Galileo Implementation Plan

Galileo System Architecture

Galileo Service Centers in Europe

Galileo Stations for Early Services

Galileo Services

Galileo Services Provision Timeline

The Galileo Service Center

Early Services impose significant constraints on all key Galileo actors, in order to:

Prerequisites for Providing Early Services

Ensure early and continuous operation of Galileo system

Ensure early and continuous operation of the GSMC for handling security events

Ensure early provision of user interfaces, e.g. to service centres

Ensure proper definition and implementation of service validation activities

Ensure proper and timely definition of liability regimes

Characteristics

Free of charge positioning, navigation and timing informationGalileo Open Service is fully interoperable with GPS

Users

Mass-market applications (i.e. smartphones, in-car navigation)Additional applications such as timing, surveying, farming, fleet management, passenger information systems …

Next steps

Provide early Galileo Open Service from 2014Autonomous and continuous service available when the full constellation is deployed

Galileo Open Service (OS)

Open Service (OS) Freely accessible service forpositioning and timing

Because of the reduced constellation deployed by 2014, the OS early service will not provide a standalone serviceSignals will be available for users and will provide benefits when combined with GPS or other constellations, by providing good ranging accuracy online monitoring of OS SIS and timely isolation/flagging

of any OS SIS which are not reaching minimum performance levels

EC/ESA/GSA currently defining the performance commitment for early servicesNumber of signals available and positioning accuracy will increase with the deployment of additional satellitesFull autonomous PVT performance will be declared at FOC

Galileo OS – Early Service in 2014

Phased approach tied to infrastructure deploymentThe early service milestone in 2014 will be linked to a minimum deployed infrastructure configuration to be defined as part of the service requirements derivation and gap analysis.

The autonomous service milestone in 2016 is planned with a more complete constellation and with fully deployed ground infrastructure. This will allow declaration of an autonomous early service, with performance parameters that will improve with further satellite deployments, up to FOC.

Galileo OS – Phased introduction

Galileo user helpdesk facility will be available already in October 2012. operated under the supervision of the GSA

Galileo Service Centre (GSC) is being set up in Madrid provides interfaces to all users of Galileo OS (as well as CS) support to receiver manufacturers support to service providers

Main system operations (GMS / GCC) are ensured until 2016 preparations for operations after 2016 are proceeding

Galileo Reference Centre (GRC) - Independent performance monitoring centre is being established

Ground infrastructure for early OS

Current Galileo Governance

Galileo Integrated ApproachThe provision of Galileo services will be a process well distinct from the Galileo system development & acquisition process;A Service Management specific process, including methodology, best practices and organization, is required;However, system (acquisition) and service (provision) have to proceed together, in a coordinated and well harmonized manner;An integrated approach is required, with a systems engineering perspective covering both system and service related aspects.

Galileo Development & Acquisition Process

GalileoSystem

Assets(Satellite Constellation, GCC’s,

GCS, GMS, GDDN, etc.)

Galileo System Requirements

Galileo System Performance &

Operations

People(ESA Project Team,

Subco’s, EC, GSA, etc.)

Processes(Engineering Board, VCB,

CCB, CM, Ops Procedures, etc.)

Galileo Service Provision Process

GalileoServices

Assets(Galileo System, GSC, GPEC, etc.)

Galileo Services

Requirements

Galileo Services Provision

People(EC, GSA, ESA Support, Member States, Services

Providers, Operators, etc.)

Processes(Services Validation, KPIs

Monitoring, Security Monitoring, Helpdesk, etc.)

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What do we mean by "service"?By the term “service” we mean the guaranteed and committed delivery of a capability to a community of potential customers/users;In the delivery of a service, the focus is more on the “commitment” (continued over time) than on the “technical performance” (provided that the service delivered is useful and responds to a minimum set of guaranteed technical requirements).

Service ManagementService Management is a set of specialized organizational capabilities for providing value to users/customers in the form of services;These organizational capabilities include all the processes, methods, functions, roles and activities that Service Providers uses to enable them to deliver services to their customers;The inputs to Service Management are the resources and capabilities that represent the assets of the Service Provider. The outputs are the services that provide value to users;The focus of Service Management is on the service delivery process which is different from a system development and acquisition process (focussed on technology and technical performance);From the Service Management viewpoint technologies and technical performance are means, not final objectives.

What is ITIL?ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is a public framework (and a “de facto” standard) that describes Best Practices in IT Service Management;Although originally conceived and developed for IT-based services, the ITIL methodology and practices are applicable to the management of a generic service provision process;The Galileo service provision organization will have as its main and essential asset what can be seen as a large and complex ICT system (network based, computational intensive, software intensive);ITIL could therefore be a good reference for the Galileo Service Management definition.

Service Lifecycle (ITIL Standard)

The ITIL Process Model

Conclusions After a development, initial procurement and

In-Orbit Validation phase, Galileo is proceeding with the procurement and in-orbit deployment of the full constellation and will start providing Early Services by the end of 2014;

Large and complex service systems, such as Galileo, need a very collaborative integration of systems engineering, operations engineering and service management, with special attention to operational, governance and Integrated Logistic Support aspects.

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