engineering mechanics: statics · 2012. 9. 17. · engineering mechanics: statics. chapter 4:...
TRANSCRIPT
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Chapter 4: Structures
Statically Determinate Structure
Do not have more supporting constraints than are necessary to maintain equilibrium
This chapter focus on trusses, frames and machines
Truss = A framework composed of members joined at their
ends to form a rigid structure
When the members lie in a single plane = a plane truss
Simple Trusses
Basic element of a plane truss = triangle
Three bars joined by pins at their ends
constitute a “rigid” frame (noncollapsible)
Structures built from a basic triangle are known
as simple trusses
Truss members = Two-force members
Simple Trusses
Assumptions
All external forces are applied at the joints. (If consider
weight, apply half of the magnitude at each end)
The members are joined together by pin connections
Two approaches for force analysis
Method of joints
Method of sections
Method of Joints
Used to find the forces in the truss members
Analysis steps
Draw FBD of a joint
Use and to find the member forces
Begin analysis with a joint where
at least one known load exists
Not more than two unknown forces are present
xF = 0 yF = 0
Method of Joints Special conditions
Zero-force member
(a) Three members – two collinear + one noncollinear
(b) Two noncollinear members
Two pairs of collinear members – forces in each pair equal and opposite
Problem 4/20
A snow load transfers the forces shown to the upper joints of a
Howe roof truss. Neglect any horizontal reactions at the
supports and solve for the forces in all members
Problem 4/21
Method of Sections
Take advantage of moment equation of equilibrium
Not necessary to proceed with the calculation from joint to joint until the member in question has been reached
Procedures
1. Determine external reactions by considering whole truss (R1 & R2)
2. An imaginary section (dashed line) is passed
through the truss
3. To determine BC use
To determine FE use
To determine BE use
EM = 0
BM = 0
yF = 0
Sample Problem 4/4
Calculate the force in member DE of the roof truss illustrated by
using method of section. Neglect any Horizontal components
of force at the supports
Structures which contain one or more multi-force members
Frame = Structure designed to support loads
Machine = Structure which transforms input actions (forces or couples)
to output actions
Frames and Machines