engineering and development: good intentions and real solutions – water and sanitation thomas...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Engineering and Development: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions Good Intentions and Real Solutions
– Water and Sanitation– Water and Sanitation
Thomas SoerensThomas Soerens
[email protected]@uark.edu
479-575-2494479-575-2494
![Page 2: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline Background: what’s the problem?Background: what’s the problem?
Case Studies:Case Studies:• MaldivesMaldives• AmazonAmazon• ChinaChina
Lessons and IssuesLessons and Issues
![Page 3: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background: What’s the problem?
The need for clean waterThe need for clean water• 1.1 1.1 BBillion people on earth lack improved water illion people on earth lack improved water
source (pipe, well, or protected spring). source (pipe, well, or protected spring). – 2.7 billion lack sanitation2.7 billion lack sanitation
• 3.4 million people, mostly children, die each year 3.4 million people, mostly children, die each year from waterborne diseases.from waterborne diseases.
– Twenty 747s full of children per dayTwenty 747s full of children per day
•Millions of people, mostly women, must walk Millions of people, mostly women, must walk for miles and hours to get water.for miles and hours to get water.
![Page 4: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Access to sanitation is one of the strongest determinants of child survival: the transition from unimproved to improved sanitation reduces child mortality by a third
![Page 6: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Myths, Ironies, Barriers Myth: They develop immunityMyth: They develop immunity
• No they don’t, they die.No they don’t, they die. Myth: They’re happyMyth: They’re happy
• They don’t want their kids to die.They don’t want their kids to die. Irony: High rainfall areas lack clean waterIrony: High rainfall areas lack clean water
• But quantity = quality to a certain degreeBut quantity = quality to a certain degree Irony: Poor people pay more for water Irony: Poor people pay more for water
than rich peoplethan rich people
![Page 7: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
85% of the richest 20% of the population have 85% of the richest 20% of the population have access to water. Only 25% of the poorest 20% do.access to water. Only 25% of the poorest 20% do.
In many places,the poorest people get less water, In many places,the poorest people get less water, and they also pay some of the world’s highest prices.and they also pay some of the world’s highest prices.
note: $1 per 20 oz bottled water= $1700 per cubic metre= ~ 2000 times cost of tap water
![Page 8: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Barriers Barrier: Lack of hygiene knowledgeBarrier: Lack of hygiene knowledge Barrier: Hard to break traditionBarrier: Hard to break tradition Barrier: Entrenched attitudesBarrier: Entrenched attitudes
• institutional and personal cynicisminstitutional and personal cynicism• entitlement, apathy, and dependenceentitlement, apathy, and dependence• suspicionsuspicion
– headhuntersheadhunters
• over respectover respect– this is beyond usthis is beyond us
![Page 9: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Possible Solutions - Water WellsWells
• Improved, sealedImproved, sealed• HandpumpsHandpumps• StorageStorage• Unintended consequencesUnintended consequences
– Africa: deforestation, etc.Africa: deforestation, etc.– Bangladesh: Arsenic poisoningBangladesh: Arsenic poisoning
Rainwater CatchmentRainwater Catchment• Large or small scale, public or householdLarge or small scale, public or household• traditional, but currently underutilizedtraditional, but currently underutilized
![Page 10: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Possible Solutions - Water Spring captureSpring capture Hydraulic ram (uses energy of stream)Hydraulic ram (uses energy of stream) Storage and distribution systemsStorage and distribution systems
• Well, spring, surface waterWell, spring, surface water• May include treatment, e.g., filterMay include treatment, e.g., filter• UrbanUrban
– e.g, Bogotáe.g, Bogotá
• every developed place has piped waterevery developed place has piped water
![Page 11: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Possible Solutions - Water
Household water treatmentHousehold water treatment• Household filters (DavNor)Household filters (DavNor)• Chemical additives (Pur)Chemical additives (Pur)
EducationEducation• Knowledge of hygieneKnowledge of hygiene• Maintenance of systemsMaintenance of systems
![Page 12: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Possible Solutions - Sanitation Latrines, pit toiletsLatrines, pit toilets
• appropriate?appropriate? Septic systemsSeptic systems
• infiltration?infiltration?
![Page 13: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Possible Solutions - Sanitation
Sewer systemsSewer systems• small-bore sewerssmall-bore sewers• can do at any scalecan do at any scale• treatment!treatment!
– O&MO&M
• dischargedischarge• enough water?enough water?
Health and Hygiene educationHealth and Hygiene education
![Page 14: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Costs
![Page 15: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Case Study: Maldives Private project in 1988-89Private project in 1988-89 Where’s Maldives?Where’s Maldives?
![Page 16: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Maldives
![Page 17: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Our Island
![Page 18: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Our Island
![Page 19: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Maldives Project
RAEMAS - Research And Education in RAEMAS - Research And Education in Mariculture and Agriculture SystemsMariculture and Agriculture Systems
Water and SanitationWater and Sanitation• People want septic systemsPeople want septic systems
– but would contaminate well waterbut would contaminate well water
• StrategyStrategy– build rainwater tanksbuild rainwater tanks– use drain fields instead of pitsuse drain fields instead of pits
![Page 20: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Keeping it realKeeping it real• do you have this do you have this
on your island?on your island?• Huriha dhon mihun Huriha dhon mihun
bo sakaraibo sakarai• what did your what did your
mother teach you?mother teach you?
![Page 34: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Results
Septic tank conclusionsSeptic tank conclusions• given: people were going to build septic given: people were going to build septic
systemssystems• we came up with a way that reduces the we came up with a way that reduces the
effects on well water qualityeffects on well water quality• can educate, influence, but cannot totally can educate, influence, but cannot totally
change peoplechange people
![Page 35: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Appropriate Technology Don’t just export your own technologyDon’t just export your own technology
• culturally, economically, and technically appropriateculturally, economically, and technically appropriate Sustainability Sustainability
• ““sustainability” is broader but includes much of what sustainability” is broader but includes much of what we used to call “appropriate tech”we used to call “appropriate tech”
• Five factors (McConville, 2006)Five factors (McConville, 2006)– Socio-cultural RespectSocio-cultural Respect– Community participationCommunity participation– Political cohesionPolitical cohesion– Economic sustainabilityEconomic sustainability– Environmental sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability
• McConville, J.R. 2006, “Applying Life Cycle Thinking to International Water and Sanitation McConville, J.R. 2006, “Applying Life Cycle Thinking to International Water and Sanitation Development Projects: An assessment tool for project managers in sustainable Development Projects: An assessment tool for project managers in sustainable development work”, Michigan Tech, Environmental Engineering MS Report.development work”, Michigan Tech, Environmental Engineering MS Report.
![Page 36: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Culturally Appropriate?
![Page 37: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Appropriate Technology CounterpointCounterpoint
• ““Appropriate technology … means good Appropriate technology … means good things for rich people and sh*t for the poor”things for rich people and sh*t for the poor”– Father Lafontant, “Mountains Beyond Father Lafontant, “Mountains Beyond
Mountains” p.90Mountains” p.90
Maldive mistakesMaldive mistakes• elevated pit toiletselevated pit toilets• community toiletscommunity toilets
![Page 38: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Case Study: Amazon
Indigenous (Ticuna and Yagua) villages Indigenous (Ticuna and Yagua) villages near Leticia, Colombia, including Brazil near Leticia, Colombia, including Brazil and Peruand Peru• At the request of missionariesAt the request of missionaries
December ’04 and continuingDecember ’04 and continuing
![Page 39: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Leticia, Colombia
![Page 40: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Amazon Project - Background
At request of Christian missionary who At request of Christian missionary who works with indigenous pastorsworks with indigenous pastors
Children were dying of waterborne Children were dying of waterborne diseases.diseases.• Unclean water during rainy seasonUnclean water during rainy season• Use river during dry seasonUse river during dry season
![Page 41: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Amazon Project – Constraints and Assists
Solution needs to make it to village by canoeSolution needs to make it to village by canoe• Note: Leticia is 500 miles from nearest highwayNote: Leticia is 500 miles from nearest highway
Many villages already have water tanksMany villages already have water tanks Most villages do not have sand availableMost villages do not have sand available Each village is a little differentEach village is a little different
• Accessibility, Resources, Buildings, CountryAccessibility, Resources, Buildings, Country
Have relationship in villages through pastorsHave relationship in villages through pastors• some have church buildingssome have church buildings
![Page 42: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
On the Amazon on the way to villages
![Page 43: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
With kids at a village
![Page 44: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
A pastor’s wife in front of her church
![Page 45: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Pastor’s wife grinding yucca in her home What’s in there?
![Page 46: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hello boa
![Page 47: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Many villages have rainwater collection tanks.
This village also had a well that yielded good water, although it went dry during the dry season
![Page 48: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Villagers used this pond for bathing and some drinking and cooking
![Page 49: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
This other village had a well, but it was busted and unused because it yielded bad tasting water (sulfur taste is the main problem).
![Page 50: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
This village was on the Amazon itself and was quite developed, including electricity, yet had pitiful water and sanitation facilities. Here’s a “bathroom”.
![Page 51: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Many politicians and government agencies like to help the indigenous people and have donated rainwater tanks to the villages. You can see their names on the tanks. Some of the tanks, however, are unused. They also run out of water during the short dry season.
![Page 52: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
A main problem in instituting any type of system is ensuring that the people use and maintain it and take responsibility for it. The one below shows another mostly homemade rainwater catchment.
The family with the system above had initiative—they fashioned a rainwater collection system out of materials they had and used a cloth to cover the tank. The cloth is a good idea because it filters out debris including bird droppings and keeps critters out of the water tank.
![Page 53: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Senior Design Team Sp. 05 Built a sand filter and a biosand filter side-by-sideBuilt a sand filter and a biosand filter side-by-side
• High coliform creek water put through.High coliform creek water put through.• Sand filter removed most fecal coli.Sand filter removed most fecal coli.• Biosand filter removed Biosand filter removed allall fecal coli. fecal coli.
![Page 54: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Fecal coliform resultsFecal coliform results
Creek water without filtration
Sand filter Biosand filter
![Page 55: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Biosand Filter
![Page 56: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Technical Solution Rainwater catchment withRainwater catchment with
• Increased storageIncreased storage– 3 Tanks in series3 Tanks in series
• FiltrationFiltration– biosand filterbiosand filter
Demonstration Summer ’05: Installed on church Demonstration Summer ’05: Installed on church in Zaragoza villagein Zaragoza village• Pastor and village have reputation for responsibilityPastor and village have reputation for responsibility• Governor of Amazonas and mayor of Leticia support Governor of Amazonas and mayor of Leticia support
this work and said they’d help us put systems on this work and said they’d help us put systems on schools if the demo system worksschools if the demo system works
![Page 57: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Construction of filter
![Page 58: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Our stuff heading out on the Amazon
![Page 59: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Our stuff arriving in Zaragoza
![Page 60: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Kids hanging out in the house
![Page 61: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Gregorio (the guy who’s doing all the work)
![Page 62: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Our system installed
![Page 63: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
With the pastor, his wife, and brother
Our audience
![Page 64: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Just for Fun: photos around Leticia
![Page 65: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Tabatinga, Brazil | Leticia, Colombia
![Page 70: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Isla de los Micos
![Page 71: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Photos at zoo – two anacondas
![Page 72: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Woo Tapir Sooeee!
![Page 73: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Katie’s trip Medical clinics up tributary in Peru.Medical clinics up tributary in Peru.
• With 3 people from Fayetteville’s Central With 3 people from Fayetteville’s Central United MethodistUnited Methodist
• 2 doctors from Peru; a dentist from 2 doctors from Peru; a dentist from ColombiaColombia
![Page 74: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
The team
![Page 75: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Katie preparing medications
![Page 76: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Katie preparing medications
![Page 77: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Jaime singing with the kids
![Page 78: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
The boat
![Page 79: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
On the boat
![Page 80: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Katie with an anaconda
![Page 81: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
5 systems constructed 2006
Rio Loretoyacu, an Amazon tributary in Rio Loretoyacu, an Amazon tributary in ColombiaColombia• with John Lawrence, engineer with John Lawrence, engineer • with authority of the governor we built with authority of the governor we built
water collection and filtration systems in 5 water collection and filtration systems in 5 indigenous (Ticuna tribe) villages.indigenous (Ticuna tribe) villages.
• systems on schools and health clinicssystems on schools and health clinics
![Page 82: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Rio Loretoyacu
Leticia
Colombia
Peru
BrazilPeru
Rio Amazonas
![Page 83: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
San Juan de Soco 145 people in 30 families145 people in 30 families system on health clinicsystem on health clinic modified designmodified design
![Page 84: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Puerto Rico Especially industrious and precise workersEspecially industrious and precise workers System on health worker’s residenceSystem on health worker’s residence Added to his existing tankAdded to his existing tank
![Page 85: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Dos de Octubre woman chiefwoman chief brought gutter around buildingbrought gutter around building plans for big systemplans for big system
![Page 86: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Villa Andrea
not happy to see us; not happy to see us; system on school; system on school; headhunter rumorheadhunter rumor
![Page 87: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
San Francisco larger and more developed than other villages; not real friendlylarger and more developed than other villages; not real friendly system on catholic school on top of hillsystem on catholic school on top of hill hooked filter up to existing tankshooked filter up to existing tanks
![Page 88: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
photos from various places
![Page 89: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
The Future
PeruPeru• ministry of Agriculture ministry of Agriculture
Household systems?Household systems? Hygiene education.Hygiene education. Sanitation systems?Sanitation systems?
![Page 90: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
China Project
Leon Chen, Kerr-McGee, project leaderLeon Chen, Kerr-McGee, project leader• Dick Greenly, Pumps of OklahomaDick Greenly, Pumps of Oklahoma• OthersOthers
Solar pumps in Zuang villages, Guanxi, ChinaSolar pumps in Zuang villages, Guanxi, China• Poor area with countless small villagesPoor area with countless small villages• Karst geologyKarst geology• Shorten time and ease work for getting waterShorten time and ease work for getting water
![Page 91: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Guanxi, China
![Page 92: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
China Project Leon and team visited in February ‘05Leon and team visited in February ‘05 Went in July ’05 to install pumpsWent in July ’05 to install pumps IssuesIssues
• Storage of waterStorage of water• Arsenic treatment?Arsenic treatment?• Buy goats?Buy goats?
StatusStatus• Leon is living there now with contract to Leon is living there now with contract to
install thousands of systemsinstall thousands of systems
![Page 93: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
With kids at a village
![Page 94: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Lessons and Issues It’s not that easyIt’s not that easy
• Many project failMany project fail• It’s hard to changeIt’s hard to change• Everyone is differentEveryone is different• The importance of cultureThe importance of culture
– respectrespect– anthropologyanthropology
• positivespositives• negativesnegatives
– human zoohuman zoo– Yanomami (-amo, ao, …)Yanomami (-amo, ao, …)
• Language is a big dealLanguage is a big deal
![Page 98: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
How appropriate.
““Appropriate” does not necessarily mean Appropriate” does not necessarily mean low techlow tech
““Appropriate” does not necessarily mean Appropriate” does not necessarily mean traditionaltraditional
Observation: everyone in the world who Observation: everyone in the world who has money has piped water to their has money has piped water to their home and a flush toilet.home and a flush toilet.
![Page 100: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Keeping it going
O&MO&M financially sustainable?financially sustainable? ownership, responsibility?ownership, responsibility? stealability?stealability?
![Page 102: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Community developmentCommunity development• You go to do engineering, but end up You go to do engineering, but end up
involved in broader scale community involved in broader scale community developmentdevelopment– Agriculture, IndustryAgriculture, Industry– MedicineMedicine– EducationEducation
![Page 103: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Community ResponsibilityCommunity Responsibility• Need people in village to take ownership of Need people in village to take ownership of
projectproject• Hard to change entrenched attitudes and Hard to change entrenched attitudes and
habitshabits• Know who you’re dealing with (e.g., Know who you’re dealing with (e.g.,
culture)culture)
![Page 104: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
How to Measure?How to Measure?• by $$$$$ spent?by $$$$$ spent?• by results?by results?• life cycle analysis?life cycle analysis?
![Page 105: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
What can we do? One of the problems with poor people is One of the problems with poor people is
that they don’t have a lot of moneythat they don’t have a lot of money• Funding spread real thinFunding spread real thin• Not “cutting edge”Not “cutting edge”
– Nothing new about poor people with bad waterNothing new about poor people with bad water
![Page 106: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
![Page 107: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Then again, a lot is happening… Engineers Without BordersEngineers Without Borders Church groupsChurch groups Foundations: Gates, Clinton, etc..Foundations: Gates, Clinton, etc.. NGOs – PeaceWork, Save the NGOs – PeaceWork, Save the
Children, Care, Heifer internationalChildren, Care, Heifer international Look at the positivesLook at the positives
![Page 108: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Approaches Do it BIG!Do it BIG!
• Does Foreign aid work?Does Foreign aid work?– http://http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?idabcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=1957412=1957412
• Democracy and capitalism workDemocracy and capitalism work
Americans are stingyAmericans are stingy• USA ranks 21USA ranks 21stst out of 22 countries in foreign aid out of 22 countries in foreign aid
per capitaper capita• Oh really?Oh really?
– When you include private giving, USA gives way way When you include private giving, USA gives way way more than anyone else (it’s not close)more than anyone else (it’s not close)
![Page 109: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
The University of Arkansas
Goal: combine academia with practiceGoal: combine academia with practice• Service LearningService Learning• Research: Build a better mousetrap Research: Build a better mousetrap
– but don’t reinvent the wheelbut don’t reinvent the wheel
• Professional musicians, athletes, and you?Professional musicians, athletes, and you?– A few get paid; most pay to do itA few get paid; most pay to do it
![Page 110: Engineering and Development: Good Intentions and Real Solutions – Water and Sanitation Thomas Soerens tsoerens@uark.edu479-575-2494](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e0c5503460f94af41eb/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)