engineering a new approach to mitral valve regurgitation: direct plication annuloplasty

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Presenter/Author: Matthew Krever 1 , Principal Engineer Co Authors: Adam Groothuis 2 , PhD, George Hanzel 3 , MD, Ted Bachman 1 , Erin Black 1 , Rudy Cedro 1 , Dan Olsen 1 , Natalie Macon 4 , PhD. 1: Cordis Corporation, 2: Concord Biomedical Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 3: Beaumont Heart Center, 4: Secant Therapeutics

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A detailed overview of a Cordis program for treating MR involving a percutaneous approach.

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Page 1: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Presenter/Author:  Matthew Krever1, Principal Engineer

Co‐Authors:  Adam  Groothuis2,  PhD,  George  Hanzel3,  MD,  Ted Bachman1,  Erin  Black1,  Rudy  Cedro1,  Dan  Olsen1,  Natalie  Macon4,  PhD.1: Cordis Corporation, 2: Concord Biomedical Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 3: Beaumont Heart Center, 4: Secant Therapeutics

Page 2: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

1. Targeted Disease State & Opportunity

2. Ideal Device Profile (IDP) Development

3. Direct Plication Annuloplasty (DPA)

4. DPA comparison to the IDP

Overview

Page 3: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

1. LV enlarges (ischemia)

2. Mitral annulus dilates

Targeted Problem:  Functional Mitral Regurgitation

4. One‐way valve becomes leaky, or "regurgitant”

5. LV pumps more blood to maintain normal output

3.   Valve leaflets pull apart

MR adds to downward cycle of CHF, demanding more than heart can provide.

Leakymitralvalve

Page 4: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

The OpportunityUnmet need• Significant CHF / FMR population1,2,3

• ~ 30% of CHF / FMR is moderate to severe3

• Almost 1 in 3 people > 55 years will develop CHF4

• Post‐op MR recurrence rate up to 30% at 6 months5

CHF1, 2 FMREstimate

Mod‐Severe FMR Estimate

WW Prevalence

23,000,000 12,880,000 3,864,000

WW Incidence

2,000,000 1,120,000 336,000

US Prevalence

5,800,000 3,248,000 974,400

US Incidence 550,000 308,000 92,400

In US, only ~20,000 MV surgical procedures 

done in 2009 6(includes non‐FMR cases)

U.S. direct and indirect cost of CHF in 2010:  $39.2 billion1

1Trichon et al, Am J Cardiol 2003;91:538‐5432Birnbaum et al. Coron Artery Dis 2002;13:337‐3443Agricola et al Eur J Heart Failure 2009;11:581‐5874Bonow et al ACC/AHA VHD Guidelines, Circulation 20085Bauma et al Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 2010;37:170‐1856Vahanian et al ESC HVD Guidelines, Eur Heart J 2007

FMR56%

No FMR44%

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Page 5: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Consider Needs of the “Four P’s”•Patient: the person for whom the device is used•Provider: typically the physician “end‐user”•Payer: typically the insurer and/or hospital paying for and obtaining the device

•Producer: the device manufacturer and seller

•Can be determined through “Voice of Customer” techniques such as Jobs‐Outcomes‐Constraints1

Developing an Ideal Device‐Based Solution Profile 

1. Ulrich, Anthony W., What Customers Want: Using Outcome Driven Innovation to Create Breakthrough Products and Services, McGraw‐Hill: 2005.

Page 6: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

An “Ideal” Device‐Based Solution for FMR‐ Ideal Device Profile ‐

Producer

PayerPatient

Provider

MAJOR REQUIREMENT TYPES

Technical

CommercialClinical

Procedural

Page 7: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural• How to deliver therapy

• ↓ invasiveness• ↓ navigation & guidance complexity • ↓ number of procedural steps & time required

• ↓ number of physician specialties required

• ↓ number of devices required• ↓ learning curve for providers• Does not require cardiac bypass

• How to achieve therapeutic effect•Technical •Clinical•Commercial

Ideal Device Profile

• ↑ ability to deliver• ↑ ability to precisely control 

placement• ↑ safety of approach

Page 8: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•How to deliver therapy•How to achieve therapeutic effect

• Ability to “preview” effect prior to commitment• Repositionable• Intraprocedural customization: site & magnitude of effect • ↓ “footprint” of device

•Technical •Clinical•Commercial

Ideal Device Profile

Page 9: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical•↓ device complexity•↓ device manufacturing cost•↓ device size/profile • Optimize implant chronic durability•↑ implant biocompatibility (flow impact, tissue response, thrombosis) 

•↑ delivery system reliability

•Clinical•Commercial

Ideal Device Profile

Page 10: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical •Clinical•↑ Efficacy•↑ Safety•↑ Durability of effect•↓ Economic burden to society•↓ Impact to future treatment options

•Commercial

Ideal Device Profile

Page 11: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical •Clinical•Commercial•↑ Intellectual property protection & FTO•↑ Target market size•↑ Target market growth rate•↑ Gross profit•↓ Market risk•↓ Reimbursement risk

Ideal Device Profile

Page 12: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

An Overview

Page 13: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Direct Plication Annuloplasty (DPA)The Approach: acting directly on the MV annulus, 

reshape the valve to improve function

Device Effect: reduce mitral valve circumference

Objectives:• Reduce mitral valve annular diameter• Improve leaflet coaptation• Reduce mitral regurgitation

1. Plicate (releasable)

2. Deliver Clip

3. Relocate and repeat if needed

Page 14: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Direct Plication Annuloplasty Procedure

Page 15: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

DPA System Components

Deflecting Guide (DG)

Distal Deflection ControlProximal Deflection Control

Device Introduction Valve

Flush Lumen

Crossing Catheter

Tissue Retainer Clips

9mmDelivered

UndeliveredJaws Closed

JawsOpen

Plicator

Page 16: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Illustrative  Examples

Page 17: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Typical Testing Regimen1. Functional Testing in Tortuous Path & Glass 

Models• Deliverability and Pushability• Jaw Rotation and Function (open/close)• Clip Fire

2. Plicator Min Bend Radius3. Plicator Jaws 

• Jaw Force• Jaw Span• Jaw Bias

4. Clip Pull Out Force5. Ex‐vivo Studies

• Dimensional• Shape change

6. In Vivo Studies (Porcine models)• Acute (how to deliver/achieve therapy)• Chronic (safety/durability of effect)

IterativeProcess

Page 18: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

2D Tortuous Path Model Based on Porcine LV

Rev.1: LV curve based on successful pre‐clinical 

Test Parameters:• LV Curve: Centerline Radius• Width of Curve• Water Bath, 37°CTest Output:• Ability for plicator to navigate curvature and retain clip firing function

Rev.2: aortic arch and LV curve more representative of actual undistorted anatomy

Angiogram of system in place prior to delivering clip 

Page 19: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Getting the DG shape correct……iterate and test

Page 20: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Plicator (cutaway view)

Jaws

slots

Clip

Pusher

Threaded rod

Dovetail cut outer shaft

Nut

Page 21: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

IMCA (1)

Single Clip Plicator 

Single Clip Plicator (moved nut)

Stainless flat ribbon coil

Stainless flat ribbon coil (distal)

Dovetail laser cut pattern on nitinol

•Not torqueable – cannot orientate jaws in proper grabbing plane 

•Coil is very stiff – extremely difficult to pass through deflected guide

•Highly torqueable 

•Laser cut section very flexible

•Distal coil, clevis and jaw combination result in very stiff distal region that distorts deflecting guide when passed 

Nut 

Critical Evolution of Plicator

•Highly torqueable 

•Laser cut section (distal & prox.) very flexible

•Distal stiff region length reduced to enable passing through guide with much less force & distortion

Dovetail laser cut pattern on stainless steel

Dovetail laser cut pattern on nitinol

Gray bars represent length of inflexible region

Page 22: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Ex Vivo Plication (Proof of Concept)Before Plication

LA View

After Plication

Suture markers for dimensional reference only

Examples of Subvalvular Clip Placement and Plication

MV Annulus

LV View

Page 23: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Direct Plication Annuloplasty ‐ Preclinical Proof of ConceptPlication and Clip Delivery to Annulus at P2

P2 Region

In Vivo Plication

Page 24: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Understanding the  next challenges

Page 25: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

3D Models Based on CT Patient Zero – Processed data files (unnecessary anatomy removed)

1. Processed CT cross‐section with relevant left side anatomy in pink

Papillary Muscles

Aortic Valve

2.  Converted CT data into 3D CAD 

format

3.  Merged aortic arch from other CT 

data set and  removed artifact.  

This computer model can be used 

to create rapid prototypes and 

molds for compliant 3D 

bench models.

Patient Info: Normal Heart, @75% of the R‐R Interval

Page 26: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Evolving the Proper FitPig Model vs. Human Model

Pig Model with Pig DG

Good Fit

Human Model with Human DG

Good FitPig DG Has Poor Fit

Human Model with Pig DG

Page 27: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

A  Summary

Page 28: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural• How to deliver therapy

• ↓ invasiveness• ↓ navigation & guidance complexity • ↓ number of procedural steps & time required

• ↓ number of physician specialties required

• ↓ number of devices required• ↓ learning curve for providers• Does not require cardiac bypass

• How to achieve therapeutic effect•Technical •Clinical•Commercial

DPA vs. Ideal Device Profile

• ↑ ability to deliver• ↑ ability to precisely control 

placement• ↑ safety of approach

Page 29: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•How to deliver therapy•How to achieve therapeutic effect

• Ability to “preview” effect prior to commitment• Repositionable• Intraprocedural customization: site & magnitude of effect • ↓ “footprint” of device

•Technical •Clinical•Commercial

DPA vs. Ideal Device Profile

Page 30: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical•↓ device complexity•↓ device manufacturing cost•↓ device size/profile •Optimize implant chronic durability•↑ implant biocompatibility (flow impact, tissue response, thrombosis) 

•↑ delivery system reliability

•Clinical•Commercial

DPA vs. Ideal Device Profile

Page 31: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical •Clinical•↑ Efficacy•↑ Safety•↑ Durability of effect•↓ Economic burden to society•↓ Impact to future treatment options

•Commercial

DPA vs. Ideal Device Profile

Page 32: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

•Procedural•Technical •Clinical•Commercial•↑ Intellectual property protection & FTO•↑ Target market size•↑ Target market growth rate•↑ Gross profit•↓ Market risk•↓ Reimbursement risk

DPA vs. Ideal Device Profile

Page 33: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

Conclusions• It is valuable to establish an Ideal Device Profile (IDP) which enables well‐targeted product development.• An IDPmaximizes holistic product development and reduces risk  of inadequate solutions. 

• Direct Plication Annuloplasty is a novel approach to reduce FMR and compares favorably with the Ideal Device Profile. However, more development is needed.

Page 34: Engineering a New Approach to Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Direct Plication Annuloplasty

• Cordis Corporation

• INSCOPE® Multi‐Clip Applier team (Ethicon Endo‐Surgery, Inc.)

• Secant Therapeutics*

Special Acknowledgements

*Currently pursuing DPA