engine aftertreatment systems (y53-6085-1c1) · 2019. 5. 28. · equipment. it also provides...

Operator’s ManualOperator’s Manual 2017 Emissions

EngineAftertreatmentSystems

EngineAftertreatmentSystems

Safety ..................................... 1

Introduction ..................................... 2

Maintenance ..................................... 3

Information ..................................... 4

Contents

© 2018 PACCAR Inc. - All Rights ReservedThis manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be eitherstandard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features andequipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard anyillustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle. PACCARreserves the right to discontinue, change specifications, or change the design of its vehicles at anytime without notice and without incurring any obligation. The information contained in this manual isproprietary to PACCAR. Reproduction, in whole or in part, by any means is strictly prohibited withoutprior written authorization from PACCAR Inc.

Contents

Chapter 1 | SAFETYUsing this Manual ................................................................................................................................ 6Safety Alerts ........................................................................................................................................ 6Illustrations .......................................................................................................................................... 7

SAFETY

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Chapter 1 | Safety

Using this Manual

Please take the time to get acquainted withyour vehicle by reading this Operator’sManual. We recommend that you read andunderstand this manual from beginning toend before you operate this equipment.This manual contains useful information forthe safe and efficient operation of thisequipment. It also provides serviceinformation, with an outline for performingsafety checks and basic preventivemaintenance inspections. We have tried topresent the information you’ll need to learnabout functions, controls, and operation—and to present it as clearly as possible. Wehope you’ll find this manual easy to use.There will be times when you need to takethis manual out of the glovebox. When youdo, please be sure to return it when youare finished using it. That way it will bethere when you need it the next time orwhen you pass the vehicle on to the nextuser.

NOTE

After you’ve read this manual, it shouldbe stored in the cab for convenient ref-erence and remain with this truckwhen sold.

Your vehicle may not have all the featuresor options mentioned in this manual.Therefore, you should pay careful attentionto the instructions that pertain to just yourvehicle. In addition, if your vehicle isequipped with special equipment or optionsnot discussed in this manual, consult yourdealer or the manufacturer of theequipment.

There are several tools built into thismanual to help you find what you needquickly and easily. First is the Quick Tableof Contents. Located at the front of themanual, this lists the main subjectscovered and gives section numbers whereyou can find these subjects. Use the QuickTable of Contents to find information on alarge subject like “Maintenance.” Cross-referenced citations also help you get theinformation you need. If some other part ofthe manual contains further information onthe subject you are reading about, we’ll

indicate that in a cross-reference like this:(See Safety Alerts on page 6 ). Youwon’t have to go searching for moreinformation. Finally you’ll find a helpfulSubject Index. It’s in the back of themanual and alphabetically lists the subjectscovered. So if you want information onbrakes, for example, just look under Brakein the Subject Index. You’ll find all thepages listed where brakes or braking arediscussed.

All information contained in this manual isbased on the latest production informationavailable at the time of publication.Kenworth Truck Company Peterbilt MotorsCompany reserves the right to makechanges at any time without notice.

Safety Alerts

Please read and follow all of the safetyalerts contained in this manual. They arethere for your protection and information.These alerts can help you avoid injury toyourself, your passengers and help preventcostly damage to the vehicle. Safety alertsare highlighted by safety alert symbols andsignal words such as “WARNING”,

SAFETY - Using this Manual

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“CAUTION”, or “NOTE”. Please DO NOTignore any of these alerts.

Warnings

The safety message following this symboland signal word provides a warning againstoperating procedures which could causedeath or injury. They could also causeequipment or property damage. The alertwill identify the hazard, how to avoid it andthe probable consequence of not avoidingthe hazard.

Example:

WARNING

Hot engine oil can be dangerous. Youcould be burned. Let the engine oilcool down before changing it. Failureto comply may result in death, person-al injury, equipment or property dam-age.

Cautions

The safety message following this symboland signal word provides a caution againstoperating procedures which could causeequipment or property damage. The alertwill identify the hazard, how to avoid it, andthe probable consequence of not avoidingthe hazard.

Example:

CAUTION

Continuing to operate your vehicle withinsufficient oil pressure will cause seri-ous engine damage. Failure to complymay result in equipment or propertydamage.

Notes

The message following this symbol andsignal word provides important informationthat is not safety related but should befollowed. The alert will highlight things thatmay not be obvious and is useful to yourefficient operation of the vehicle.

Example:

NOTE

Pumping the accelerator will not assistin starting the engine.

Illustrations

Some of the illustrations throughout thismanual are generic and will NOT lookexactly like the engine or parts used inyour application. The illustrations cancontain symbols to indicate an actionrequired and\or an acceptable or NOTacceptable condition.

The illustrations are intended to showrepair or replacement procedures. Theprocedure will be the same for allapplications, although the illustration maydiffer.

SAFETY - Illustrations

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SAFETY - Illustrations

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Chapter 2 | INTRODUCTIONVehicle Emissions Controls ............................................................................................................... 10Lamps ............................................................................................................................................... 10What is a Diesel Particulate Filter? ................................................................................................... 13Functionality / Notification Information .............................................................................................. 13Extended Idling ................................................................................................................................. 13Warning Symbols Quick Reference .................................................................................................. 14Notification of High Exhaust System Temperature ............................................................................ 16Notification Regeneration is Required ............................................................................................... 17Controlling Regeneration Process .................................................................................................... 18How to Enable an Automatic Regeneration of the DPF .................................................................... 21How to Start a Parked Regeneration ................................................................................................ 21Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration ...................................................................................... 23What is a Selective Catalyst Reduction System? ............................................................................. 24DEF Gauge ....................................................................................................................................... 24Why is the DEF Warning Light on? ................................................................................................... 25Functionality / Notification Information .............................................................................................. 27

INTRODUCTION

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Chapter 2 | Introduction

Vehicle EmissionsControls

This vehicle has an Engine AftertreatmentSystem (EAS), to control vehicle exhaustemissions.The Engine Aftertreatmentsystem consist of a Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF), Selective Catalyst Reduction(SCR), DPF Switch and warning lights. TheDPF will trap soot from the engine exhaustgases. The SCR uses Diesel Exhaust Fluidto reduce the levels of NOx in the engineexhaust. The EAS will periodically clean(regenerate) the DPF.

Engine Aftertreatment System Detail

12

3

4

1. Hydrocarbon doser from turbo2. Aftertreatment unit (DPF, DEF doser and

SCR)3. Filtered/treated exhaust4. Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) tank

Lamps

Engine Aftertreatment SystemWarning Lamps

EAS specific warning lamps and indicatorsymbols are located on the main gaugecluster.

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)Warning LampThis warning symbol will appear when theDPF needs to be regenerated and thenalso during the regeneration cycle. Thisicon may also appear if the system isattempting to automatically regeneratewhile the vehicle is in Power Take Offoperation mode.

Engine aftertreatment system includes adiesel particulate filter and DPF warninglamp.

INTRODUCTION - Vehicle Emissions Controls

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Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) LampEngine aftertreatment system includes adiesel exhaust fluid (DEF) warning lamp onthe DEF gauge and additional warninglamps in the instrument cluster.

DEF Warning Lamp in InstrumentCluster

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Gauge

21

1. DEF Symbol

2. DEF gauge warning lamp

The DEF lamp(s) will illuminate when thefluid in the DEF tank reaches a low level. Ifthe lamp illuminates but the level is full,seek service immediately for DEF fluidquality or DEF equipment repair.

High Exhaust System Temperature(HEST) Warning LampEngine aftertreatment system includes ahigh exhaust system temperature (HEST)warning lamp.

Keep vehicle a safe distance fromcombustible items.

WARNING

Temperature of the tail pipe, exhaustpipe, the diesel particular filter (DPF)/selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-vice and surrounding components in-cluding enclosures and steps, will be

elevated during and shortly after a re-generation event or normal vehicle op-eration when engine is under high orheavy loading.

If the High Exhaust System Temperature(HEST) warning lamp is on:

• Do not park in an area of combustiblevapors or materials. You must keepcombustibles at least 5 ft. (1.5 m) awayfrom the exhaust (outlet) stream (as itexits the tail pipe) while the HEST lamp isilluminated. Always park your vehicleoutside. Failure to do so could ignite anexplosion or harm bystanders whichcould result in serious injury.

• Do not park in an area where people areclose by. You must keep combustibles atleast 5 ft. (1.5 m) away from the exhaustoutlet while the HEST lamp is illuminated.Failure to do so could result in seriousinjury.

• Do not approach the exhaust system orsurrounding areas without allowingadequate time for the system to cooldown. Failure to do so could result inserious burns to the skin.

INTRODUCTION - Lamps

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Malfunction Indicator Lamp

Illuminates when an engine emissionsfailure has occurred. The vehicle can besafely driven but should be serviced tocorrect the problem. The situation shouldnot be considered an emergency. In somecases, the Malfunction Indicator Lamp(MIL) will activate in conjunction with theHigh Exhaust System Temperature(HEST), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) andDiesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) warning lamps.

NOTE

The malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)will illuminate if the on-board diagnos-tics (OBD) system detects a possibleemissions system failure. The vehicleshould be brought in for service at thenext opportunity to ensure the condi-tion is corrected.

Emissions System Lamp

Perform the following steps if an emissionsrelated derate occurs and the emissionslamp comes on.

1. Add DEF fluid (more than 1/4 tank).2. Perform parked regeneration.3. Seek service at the next stop if the

warning light is still on.

Stop Engine Lamp

1 2

The stop engine warning lamp willilluminate, and an audible tone will sound,when a major engine problem exists. Yourvehicle will be equipped with one of theindicators above, 1 or 2, depending on theengine model.

WARNING

If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi-nates, it means you have a serious en-gine system problem. This should beconsidered an emergency. You shouldstop the vehicle as safely as possibleand turn OFF the ignition. The vehiclemust be serviced and the problem cor-rected before driving again. Failure tocomply may result in death, personalinjury, equipment or property damage.

For engines with the engine-protectionshutdown feature enabled, the stop enginelamp will begin to flash 30 seconds beforethe engine automatically shuts down. Thewarning lamp alerts the operator to theimpending shutdown.

The lamp will also illuminate when the DEFtank is almost empty or the soot level in theDPF is at full capacity. At this levelwarning, regeneration cannot be performedand engine power will be derated.

Engine may automatically shut down if thecheck engine lamp and stop engine lampare illuminated and the operator does notcorrect the condition.

INTRODUCTION - Lamps

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What is a DieselParticulate Filter?

The diesel particulate filter is a componentof the overall vehicle emission system thattraps particulate matter, soot, from theexhaust. Soot is composed of the partiallyburned particles of fuel that occur duringnormal engine operation (black smoke).

Functionality / NotificationInformation

The EAS will regenerate the DPF by usinghot exhaust gases normally generated bythe engine. This typically occurs duringhighway operation (known as "Passive"Regeneration) and is transparent to theoperation of the vehicle.

Occasionally, the exhaust gases are nothot enough for Passive Regeneration.When this occurs, the EAS will regeneratethe DPF by increasing the exhausttemperature. This is referred to as an"Automatic" Regeneration and is also

transparent to vehicle operation. AnAutomatic Regeneration event typicallylasts 30 minutes. During and shortly afterthe event, the exhaust gases from the DPFmay reach temperatures in excess of 650°C (1202° F). See the information in thefollowing table on probable causes andrecommended actions related to thewarning lamps and indicator symbols of theEAS.

The EAS may not be able to regeneratethe DPF when the vehicle is driven atextended low speeds or with frequentstarts and stops. In such cases, warninglamps and indicator symbols will alert theoperator to take action. The operatorshould be aware of whether the lamps areon unaccompanied or in combination withothers. The following table will describeeach warning lamp(s) and what actions areneeded from the operator.

Related concepts

Extended Idling

CAUTION

Prolonged periods of idling can resultin lower than optimal engine/transmis-sion operating temperatures whichcould cause increased rates of wear.An idle shutdown feature (available onPACCAR engines) can be program-med to shut the engine down after aperiod of low idle operation with nodriver activity. A flashing warning lampwill inform the driver of an impendingshutdown. Failure to comply may re-sult in equipment or property damage.

INTRODUCTION - What is a Diesel Particulate Filter?

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CAUTION

If the truck is equipped with powertake-off (PTO) equipment, the engineshutdown system can be deactivatedwhen the PTO is operational; however,engine idle periods should not exceedfive minutes whenever possible. Fail-ure to comply may result in equipmentor property damage.

Long periods of idle-time (3 hours or more)may accelerate the build up of soot in thediesel particulate filter (DPF), especially incold weather. The system will illuminate theDPF warning light on the instrument clusterand a message on the Driver InformationDisplay to indicate that the DPF requiresregeneration.

This is not a problem with the vehicle;however, it indicates that the driver needsto start a parked DPF regeneration toprevent equipment damage caused by sootbuild up. If the DPF lamp turns ON and thedriver is prompted to through drivernotifications, perform a parked DPFRegeneration.

CAUTION

If you ignore the warning lamp and donot initiate regeneration at the soon-est, safest possible time, the DPF willbecome increasingly clogged with sootand can lead to severe engine derate.Failure to comply may result in equip-ment or property damage.

Extended engine idling may also increasehydrocarbon deposits and moisture in theDPF. The engine will increase rpmautomatically, regardless if the DPF lamp ison or off, to remove these hydrocarbondeposits and moisture. The engine speedwill remain elevated for 20-60 minutes. Ifnecessary, the rpms may be lowered bybriefly depressing the throttle, clutch, or

brake pedal. If the driver cancels theautomatic cycle using the pedals, thesystem will restart the cycle 10 minuteslater with increased rpm until all of thedeposits are removed from the DPF. If thevehicle cannot perform an automatic cycle,the driver may be prompted with messageto regenerate the DPF with a "Do NotDrive" message. The driver must completea regeneration before driving. If the "DoNot Drive" message is ignored and a DPFregeneration is not fully completed beforedriving, there is a high possibility ofequipment damage.

If an engine must idle for an extendedperiod of time, idle the engine at the lowestrpm that maintains the engine coolant at150°F (70°C), or above.Following theseguidelines will help reduce engine wearduring idling and the frequency of DPFregenerations.

Warning Symbols QuickReference

INTRODUCTION - Warning Symbols Quick Reference

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FOR INFORMATION SEEK SERVICE TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION

Hot Exhaust - StayClear Check Engine

CoolantTemperature

Stop vehicle andidle engine.

Regenerate DPF Engine - Emissions

Engine Oil PressureStop the engine orthe engine mayautomaticallyshutdown. 1See Diesel Exhaust

Fluid (DEF) Lampon page 11 .

See EmissionsSystem Lamp onpage 12 .

1 2

Stop Engine Symbols2

Any of the above icons may appear alone or together to alert of necessary action to be taken as soon as possible. Warnings may beeither tell-tales or lights within the gauge associated with that fluid. These lights will start flashing to notify of the upcoming enginederate.

1 May not apply for fire or emergency vehicle applications.2 Either symbol 1 or 2 will appear depending on engine make for the vehicle.

INTRODUCTION - Warning Symbols Quick Reference

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Notification of HighExhaust SystemTemperature

These conditions will result in the HighExhaust System Temparture (HEST)indicator turning on.

Warning Indicator Condition Operator Actions

On

Any one or combination of these conditions:

• Exhaust outlet temperature is elevated abovenormal (at least 450° C / 842° F) and vehicle slowsbelow 8 kph / 5 mph.

• Normal driving but engine is under heavy loading.• Automatic Regeneration in process• Parked Regeneration in process

Follow all warnings listed below. Use the STOP orDISABLE function of the DPF Switch (Or turn theignition off) if the situation requires. Follow theinstructions described under Stop an Automatic orParked Regeneration.

WARNING

Temperature of the tail pipe, exhaust pipe, the diesel particular filter (DPF)/selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device and surround-ing components including enclosures and steps, will be elevated during and shortly after a regeneration event or normal vehicleoperation when engine is under high or heavy loading.

INTRODUCTION - Notification of High Exhaust System Temperature

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Notification Regenerationis Required

Level Warning Indicators Condition Operator Actions

1 OnThe soot level in the DPF is above thedesired level and requires regeneration.

How to Enable an AutomaticRegeneration of the DPF on page 21

2 Flashing

The soot level in the DPF continues tostay above the desired level andrequires regeneration.

Regenerate the DPF as soon as safelypossible. How to Enable an AutomaticRegeneration of the DPF on page 21or How to Start a Parked Regenerationon page 21

3 Flashing

On

The soot level in the DPF continues tostay above the desired level andrequires regeneration. The enginepower will derate.

Regenerate the DPF immediately. Howto Enable an Automatic Regeneration ofthe DPF on page 21 or How to Start aParked Regeneration on page 21

INTRODUCTION - Notification Regeneration is Required

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Level Warning Indicators Condition Operator Actions

4

Flashing (MX engine only)

On (MX engine only)

1 2 Stop Engine Lamp On –Dash chime

The soot level in the DPF is now at fullcapacity. Engine power derates(decrease rate depends on enginemake).

At this point, you CANNOT regeneratethe DPF. Tow your vehicle to anAuthorized PACCAR Dealer to have theDPF removed. They will either have toclean it or replace it.

CAUTION

The engine derate sequence is enginespecific; therefore, to learn how thissystem works on your vehicle, refer tothe Engine Manufacturer's Operationand Maintenance Manual suppliedwith your vehicle. Failure to complymay result in equipment or propertydamage.

WARNING

If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi-nates, it means you have a serious en-

gine system problem. This should beconsidered an emergency. You shouldstop the vehicle as safely as possibleand turn OFF the ignition. The vehiclemust be serviced and the problem cor-rected before driving again. Failure tocomply may result in death, personalinjury, equipment or property damage.

Controlling RegenerationProcess

DPF SwitchesThe following information explains how tocontrol the regeneration process and usethe DPF Switch.

Your vehicle may be equipped with either atwo or three position DPF Switch, mountedon the dash.

If equipped with a two-position DPFSwitch, the driver can initiate a ParkedRegeneration when certain operatingconditions are suitable for regeneration;

INTRODUCTION - Controlling Regeneration Process

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however, you will NOT be able to Stop aregeneration if the EAS has initiated oneautomatically. A vehicle with a two-positionDPF switch can stop a regeneration byturning the vehicle ignition OFF.

If your vehicle is equipped with a three-position DPF Switch, the driver can controlthe regeneration process via the MANUALor DISABLE positions of the switch. TheDISABLE position should be used whencertain operating conditions are notsuitable for regeneration.

WARNING

If you operate in environments thatcontain explosive vapors or flammablematerials, look to see if your vehicle’sDPF Switch is equipped with a DISA-BLE function. The DISABLE functionmust be activated prior to entering theabove environment(s) to prevent auto-matic engine regeneration from occur-ring, which could cause an explosionor fire. Failing to activate the DISABLEfunction before entering a combustibleenvironment may cause an explosionor fire that could lead to death, person-

al injury, equipment or property dam-age.

WARNING

Avoid operating the vehicle inside abuilding or in environments that con-tain explosive vapors or flammablematerials if your vehicle does NOThave a STOP or DISABLE DPFSwitch. In an event where the regener-ation needs to be stopped, turn the ve-hicle ignition OFF and the system willtemporarily stop the regeneration cy-cle. Failing to stop a regeneration cy-cle before entering a combustible envi-ronment may cause an explosion orfire that could lead to death, personalinjury, equipment or property damage.

CAUTION

Do not leave the switch in the DISA-BLE position unless you need to can-cel or stop a regeneration. Runningthe engine with the switch in the DISA-BLE position will result in increased

soot levels in the DPF and could even-tually cause the engine to derate.

NOTE

Contact your nearest authorized PAC-CAR dealer to obtain a DPF Switchwith a DISABLE function. Installing theswitch will require that the engine ECUbe reprogrammed.

Two-Position DPF Switch

Two Position DPF Switch

Pressing the button for at least 4 -8seconds will initiate a Parked Regenerationor warm up the DPF. Vehicles with thisbutton do not have a STOP overrideposition. To stop a regeneration, stop the


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vehicle and allow the engine to idle. After3-5 minutes of idling, the regeneration willstop.

NOTE

Parked regeneration requires that yourvehicle is stopped with the parkingbrake set. See Parked Regenerationfor details.

Related concepts

Three-Position DPF Switch

NOTE

The information in this section only ap-plies to vehicles equipped with a three-position Engine DPF Switch.

1

2

3

DISABLE

MANUAL

1. Disable2. Allow auto regeneration (center position)3. Manual

See DPF Regeneration for instructions onhow to start or stop a EAS regeneration(three-position switch only).

DISABLE (Three PositionSwitch Only)When DISABLE (1)is pressed, thesystem will notregenerate underany conditions.

CAUTION

Do not leave theswitch in the DISA-BLE position unlessyou need to cancelor stop a regenera-tion. Running theengine with theswitch in the DISA-BLE position will re-sult in increased

soot levels in theDPF and couldeventually causethe engine to de-rate.

ALLOW AUTOREGENERATION

(Three PositionSwitch Only)This is the normalposition (2) of theswitch. Unless youare manuallyinitiating a ParkedRegeneration orintentionallystopping aregeneration, theswitch should be inthis position. Placingthe switch in theCENTER (2)position will allow anAutomaticRegeneration andautomatic warm upof the DPF to occurif conditions allow.


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NOTE

During normal ve-hicle driving, theDPF Switch mustbe in the CENTERposition.

MANUAL (Three PositionSwitch Only)Depressing thebutton in theMANUAL direction(3) for at least 4 -8seconds will initiatea ParkedRegeneration orwarm up the DPF.

NOTE

Parked regenera-tion requires thatyour vehicle isstopped with theparking brake set.

See Parked Re-generation for de-tails.

Related concepts

How to Enable anAutomatic Regeneration ofthe DPF

Carefully read the following instructions toregenerate the DPF. If you have anyproblems or difficulties contact yournearest authorized PACCAR dealer forassistance. If equipped with a threeposition switch, make sure it is not in theSTOP position.

The instrument cluster will illuminatevarious icons that indicate a regenerationis needed. See Notification Regeneration isRequired on page 17 . The EAS requiresconditions typically found in highwaydriving to regenerate the DPF. If you havea highway in your route with posted speedsabove 35 mph, take this route for about30-45 min. Doing so will aid in a successful

completion of an automatic regeneration. Ifyou do not have a route with highway, thenperform a parked regeneration How toStart a Parked Regeneration on page 21 .

Related concepts

How to Start a ParkedRegeneration

In applications or operations the DPF mustbe regenerated by initiating a ParkedRegeneration. Follow these steps to initiatea Parked Regeneration:

1. Pull the vehicle over to a safe location.2. Ensure no one is in the immediate vicinity

of the tail pipe.3. Maintain a minimum of 5 ft. (1.5 m) of

clearance to any combustible materialsfrom the edge and top of the vehicle.

INTRODUCTION - How to Enable an Automatic Regeneration of the DPF

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WARNING

Parking the vehicle too close toany combustible materials or va-pors may start a fire, ignite anexplosion or burn someonestanding close by. Before push-ing the DPF Switch on the dash,walk around your vehicle and en-sure you have at least 5 ft. (1.5m) clearance from the sides andtop of your vehicle to any com-bustibles. Ensure no one is in theimmediate vicinity of the tail pipe.Failure to comply could ignite afire or cause an explosion, result-ing in death, personal injury,equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Never initiate a regeneration in aclosed building or enclosure. Al-ways park your vehicle outsideand ensure no one is in the im-mediate vicinity. Failure to com-ply could ignite a fire or cause an

explosion, resulting in death, per-sonal injury, equipment or prop-erty damage.

NOTE

Typical operation areas or materi-als that can contain explosive va-pors, flammable materials or peo-ple in close proximity of the vehicleare:

• Fuel depots• Grain elevators• Dry grass, leaves or trees• Transfer refuse stations/dumps• Parking lots• Load/unload terminals

While the list above may appearcomprehensive, it is your responsi-bility to take the necessary precau-tions and be aware of your sur-roundings and ensure that no com-bustibles (materials or vapors) orbystanders are close by before ini-tiating a regeneration.

4. Verify that the following conditions aremet before proceeding. A ParkedRegeneration will not initiate if any ofthese conditions are not met:

• Parking brake is applied / set• Engine is at low idle• DPF warning lamp is illuminated or

flashing• Coolant is at operating temperature• No throttle, brake or clutch applied• PTO is disengaged 3

• Transmission is in neutral or PARK• Cruise control switch is OFF

5. Get out and walk all around vehicle toensure that the vehicle is at least 1.5 m(5 ft) away from all combustible materialsand no one is in the immediate vicinity.

6. Climb back into the vehicle.7. Push the DPF button at least 4-8

seconds to initiate a ParkedRegeneration.

3 Parked regeneration with PTO engaged is dependant on vehicle configuration.

INTRODUCTION - How to Start a Parked Regeneration

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NOTE

Acknowledgment that a ParkedRegeneration has initiated willvary by engine. The most pre-dominant acknowledgment toyou will be an increase in enginerpm and overall engine noise.

NOTE

A Parked Regeneration may take30 or more seconds to initiate asthe Engine Aftertreatment Sys-tem conducts various self-checksto verify all the system require-ments have been met.

Regeneration will automatically shut off ifany of the conditions (in step 4) change orbecome activated. Contact your nearestPACCAR dealer for assistance if you areunable to initiate a Parked Regenerationand the DPF warning lamp is illuminated.

Related concepts

Stop an Automatic orParked Regeneration

Always stop or prevent the vehicle fromperforming an automatic or parkedregeneration ANYTIME you plan to driveyour vehicle into a building, enclosure orsensitive area. If the vehicle has a DPFswitch to DISABLE or STOP aregeneration, depress this switch toprevent or stop a regeneration. Thefollowing actions will also stop aregeneration:

• Stop the vehcile and allow the engine toidle for 3-5 min to stop an automaticregeneration or if the DPF switch does notstop an automatic regeneration.

• Press the brake or the accelerator to stop aparked regeneration or if the DPF switchdoes not stop a parked regeneration.

WARNING

Never allow an Automatic Regenera-tion to automatically start while insidea building such as a service bay, shopor building of any kind. Anytime youare parking your vehicle inside a build-ing or enclosure, ALWAYS press theDPF STOP or DISABLE Switch priorto entering the building. Failure tocomply could ignite a fire or cause anexplosion, resulting in death, personalinjury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Never initiate a regeneration in aclosed building or enclosure. Alwayspark your vehicle outside and ensureno one is in the immediate vicinity.Failure to comply could ignite a fire orcause an explosion, resulting in death,personal injury, equipment or propertydamage.

INTRODUCTION - Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration

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WARNING

If you operate in environments thatcontain explosive vapors or flammablematerials, look to see if your vehicle’sDPF Switch is equipped with a STOPfunction. The STOP function must beactivated prior to entering the aboveenvironment(s) to prevent automaticengine regeneration from occurring,which could cause an explosion or fire.Failing to activate the STOP functionbefore entering a combustible environ-ment may cause an explosion or firethat could lead to death, personal in-jury, equipment or property damage.

WARNING

Avoid operating the vehicle inside abuilding or in environments that con-tain explosive vapors or flammablematerials if your vehicle does NOThave a STOP or DISABLE DPFSwitch. In an event where the regener-ation needs to be stopped, turn the ve-hicle ignition OFF and the system willtemporarily stop the regeneration cy-

cle. Failing to stop a regeneration cy-cle before entering a combustible envi-ronment may cause an explosion orfire that could lead to death, personalinjury, equipment or property damage.

NOTE

To obtain a DPF Switch with a STOPfunction, contact an authorized PAC-CAR dealer to obtain the proper switchand reprogramming of your engine’sECU.

What is a SelectiveCatalyst ReductionSystem?

The SCR system reduces Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) from the exhaust by mixing DieselExhaust Fluid (DEF) with a catalyst. TheDEF is contained in a separate tank on thevehicle and the level of fluid in the tank isshown in a gauge on the dash.

DEF is consumable and needs to bereplenished, so monitor the DEF levelgauge as you would the fuel level gauge.

DEF Gauge

The SCR system reduces Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) from the exhaust by mixing DieselExhaust Fluid (DEF) with a catalyst. TheDEF is contained in a separate tank on thevehicle and the level of fluid in the tank isshown in a gauge on the dash.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Gauge

21

INTRODUCTION - What is a Selective Catalyst Reduction System?

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1. DEF Symbol2. DEF gauge warning lamp

DEF is consumable and needs to bereplenished, so monitor the DEF levelgauge as you would the fuel level gauge.

Why is the DEF WarningLight on?

There is a warning lamp located in the DEFgauge. There may also be additionalwarning lamps and information that willappear in the instrument cluster. Thesewarning lamps will illuminate for thefollowing reasons:

DEF Level The amount of DEFavailable in the tank islow. The warning lampwill turn on when thegauge needle is nearor in the red zone.There are 4 stages tothis warning.

CAUTION

If the DEF warninglamp turns on due tothe DEF level, refillthe DEF tank. Fail-ure to refill maycause the engine toderate and limit vehi-cle speed.

DEFQuality

The engine detectsthat DEF quality isbelow acceptablelevels. The gaugeneedle is in the upperregion, indicatingthere is fluid, but thequality is poor. Thereare 3 stages to thesewarnings.

CAUTION

See your authorizedPACCAR dealer if

the DEF warninglamp turns on due toDEF Quality. Failureto correct may causethe engine to derateand limit vehiclespeed.

SCRComponentFailure

The system detectsfailures that may bethe result of tamperingwith the engineaftertreatment (DPF/SCR) system. Thegauge needle is in theupper region,indicating there isfluid, but systemfailure is detected.There are 3 stages tothis warning.

INTRODUCTION - Why is the DEF Warning Light on?

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2

CAUTION

If the DEF warninglamp turns on due to

System Tampering,see your authorizedPACCAR dealer tohave this repaired.

Failure to repair thesystem may causethe engine to derateand limit vehiclespeed.

SCR System Status – Reference Chart

System Status Non-Emergency Vehicles Emergency Vehicles

DEF Level Warning DEF Level Warning – Non-EmergencyVehicles on page 27

DEF Level Warning – Emergency Vehicleson page 30

DEF Quality (except PX) DEF Quality Warning – Non-EmergencyVehicles on page 28

DEF Quality Warning – EmergencyVehicles on page 31

SCR Component Failure SCR Component Failure Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles on page 29

SCR Component Failure Warning –Emergency Vehicles on page 32

NOTE

The malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) will illuminate if the on-board diagnostics (OBD)system detects a possible emissions system failure. The vehicle should be broughtin for service at the next opportunity to ensure the condition is corrected.

INTRODUCTION - Why is the DEF Warning Light on?

26 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

2

Functionality / NotificationInformation

DEF Level Warning – Non-Emergency VehiclesSome vehicles may have a notification/information screen in addition to these icons.

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

0 None DEF levelsufficient None

1 DEF warninglamp On

DEF level fallenbelow initialwarning

None

2 DEF warninglamp On Check engine

lamp On


Engine derated25%

3 DEF warninglamp flashing Check engine

lamp On


Engine derated40%

INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 27

2



lamp On1 2 Stop engine lamp may

be On

Engine has beenshut down, idledfor 1-hour or afuel re-fill hasoccurred

Engine powerderated and/orvehicle speedsignificantlylimited

DEF Quality Warning – Non-Emergency VehiclesThe DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.


0 None No DEF qualityissue None


lamp On MIL may be ON

Quality issuedetected None



80 km (50 mi) or1 hour afterdetected

Engine powerderated 25%


28 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

2




241 km (150 mi)or 3 hours afterdetected

Continue to 40%engine powerderate

Final DEF warninglamp flashing Check engine

lamp On MIL may be ON1 2

Stop engine lampmay be On


Engine powerderated and/orvehicle speedsignificantlylimited

SCR Component Failure Warning –Non-Emergency VehiclesThe DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.


0 None No Issue None



Failure detected None


Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 29

2




80 km (50 mi) or1 hour afterdetected

Engine powerderated 25%



322 km (200 mi)or 4 hours afterdetected

Continue to 40%engine powerderate



1 2



Engine powerderated and/orvehicle speedreduced to 8 kph(5 mph)

DEF Level Warning – EmergencyVehiclesSome vehicles may have a notification/information screen in addition to these icons.


0 None DEF levelsufficient None


30 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

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1 DEF warninglamp On


None


lamp On

DEF level lessthan 25 % None


lamp On

DEF Level empty. None


lamp On1 2 Stop engine lamp may

be On

DEF Level emptyand vehicle hasbeen shut downor stationary for1-hour

None

DEF Quality Warning – EmergencyVehicles


Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 31

2

The DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.

Level Warnings \ Indicator Condition Effect onEngine

0 None No DEF qualityissue None



Quality issuedetected None



10-hours afterdetected

Vehicle speedlimited to 88 kph(55 mph)



1 2


20-hours afterdetected, enginehas been shutdown or idled for1-hour


SCR Component Failure Warning –Emergency VehiclesThe DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.


32 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

2


0 None No Issue None



Failure detected None



10-hours afterdetected




1 2


40-hours afterdetected, enginehas been shutdown or idled for1-hour

Vehicle speedlimited to 40 kph(25 mph).


Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 33

2


34 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

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Chapter 3 | MAINTENANCEEngine Aftertreatment System Power Requirements ........................................................................ 36Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank Straps ........................................................................................... 36

MAINTENANCE

Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 35

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Chapter 3 | Maintenance

Engine AftertreatmentSystem PowerRequirements

The engine aftertreatment system usesbattery power for up to 10 minutes after theignition is turned off. After the ignition turnsoff, the engine aftertreatment systemcirculates DEF to help cool down the fluidand prevent overheating. For situationswhere the battery will be disconnected (i.e.for service or maintenance of the vehicle),please wait 10 minutes beforedisconnecting battery power.

CAUTION

Wait at least 10 minutes after the keyswitch is turned OFF before discon-necting battery power. The systemuses battery power to circulate DEFand prevent overheating of the DEFsystem. Failure to comply may resultin equipment or property damage.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)Tank Straps

Maintenance checks for the DEF tank.

During normal operation of the truck, theDEF tank straps may relax. Inspect thespring on top of the strap. If more than ½"(12.7mm) of the spring is exposed, the boltwill need to be re-torqued between 70 – 80in-lbs. (7.9 – 9 Nm). This distance (1) ismeasured from the washer at the end ofthe spring to the edge of the tube at the topof the straps.

1/2" (12.7 mm)

1

See Engine Operator's Manual for DEFfilter maintenance interval.

MAINTENANCE - Engine Aftertreatment System Power Requirements

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Chapter 4 | INFORMATIONTampering with Engine Aftertreatment System ................................................................................. 38Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System .............................................................................................. 38Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System .................................................................................... 39Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) ............................................................................................................... 39

INFORMATION

Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 37

4

Chapter 4 | Information

Tampering with EngineAftertreatment System

The engine aftertreatment system for yourvehicle as installed from the factory wasspecifically designed to meet the emissionsrequirements of the US EnvironmentalProtection Agency and California AirResources Board. Any changes ofcomponent locations or modifications ofany engine aftertreatment systemcomponents may reduce the emissioneffectiveness and you may be subject tofines under the United States Clean AirAct.

Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) System

The DPF system consists of aHydrocarbon (HC) Doser (may not apply toall engines), a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst(DOC), and a DPF. During normaloperation the DPF filters soot out of theexhaust and constantly monitors inlet and

outlet pressure. When the DPF is full, thesystem will activate (via automatic or aparked regeneration) the HC Doser whichsprays a small amount of diesel fuel (theHC) into the exhaust stream which thenreacts with the DOC to generate heat. Thisheat will turn the trapped soot into ash untilthe filter is completely cleaned(regenerated). Over time, both soot andash accumulate in the DPF unit. While thesoot is cleaned by the system, the resultingash must be removed by servicing thevehicle at an authorized PACCAR dealer. Avehicle with a DPF has up to two additionalindicator lamps on the dashboard. The twoadditional lamps, along with the checkengine lamp, alert the operator of thestatus of the DPF.

CAUTION

Do not submerge or allow water to en-ter the DPF assembly. Components ofthe assembly can be damaged and af-fect the performance of the engine af-tertreatment system. Failure to complymay result in equipment or propertydamage.

NOTE

Refer to your engine manufacturer’sOperator’s Manual for diesel particu-late filter (DPF) maintenance informa-tion.

NOTE

Refer to your vehicle or engine manu-facturer’s Operator’s Manual for addi-tional information on the engine indica-tor lamps.

NOTE

Ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel isrequired for engines equipped with anaftertreatment diesel particulate filter. IfULSD is not used, the engine may notmeet emissions regulations, and theDPF or aftertreatment Diesel OxidationCatalyst (DOC) can be damaged.

INFORMATION - Tampering with Engine Aftertreatment System

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Selective CatalyticReduction (SCR) System

The SCR system is composed of severalmain components:

1. Aftertreatment Control Module 4

2. DEF Dosing Unit (DEF Module)3. DEF Dosing Valve4. SCR Catalyst

CAUTION

It is unlawful to tamper with, modify, orremove any component of the SCRsystem. Failure to comply may resultin equipment or property damage.

The system uses DEF from the DEF tankand delivers it to the DEF Doser. This DEFdoser sprays a small amount of DEF intothe exhaust upstream of the SCR Catalyst.The DEF vaporizes and decomposes toform carbon dioxide and ammonia. Theammonia and SCR catalyst reacts with the

NOx in the exhaust to break down theNitrogen Oxides (NOx) to form nitrogenand water.

DEF:

• may have a slight ammonia smell• is colorless• is non-toxic and non-polluting• is non-flammable

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Diesel Exhaust FluidRecommendations andSpecifications

CAUTION

It is unlawful use Diesel Exhaust Fluid(DEF) that does not meet the specifi-cations provided or to operate the ve-hicle/equipment without DEF. Failureto comply may result in equipment orproperty damage.

WARNING

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) containsurea. DO NOT get the substance inyour eyes. In case of contact, immedi-ately flush eyes with large amounts ofwater for a minimum of 15 minutes.DO NOT swallow internally. In theevent the diesel exhaust fluid is ingest-ed, contact a physician immediately.Reference the Materials Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for additional informa-tion. Failure to comply may result inpersonal injury.

CAUTION

Never attempt to create Diesel Ex-haust Fluid (DEF) by mixing agricultur-al grade urea with water. Agriculturalgrade urea does not meet the neces-sary specifications required and theengine aftertreatment system may bedamaged. Failure to comply may resultin equipment damage.

4 Only for PACCAR MX powered vehicles.

INFORMATION - Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System

Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 39

4

CAUTION

PACCAR Inc requires the use of DEFmeeting ISO 22241-1 (DIN 70070) spec-ifications. There is NO acceptable sub-stitute. Failure to use the correct DEFmay cause engine damage and/or voidthe warranty.

• Some locations may reference theDIN 70070 standard. DEF specifica-tion limits of this standard are identi-cal to ISO 22241-1.

PACCAR Inc is not responsible for failuresor damage resulting from what PACCARInc determines to be abuse or neglect,including but not limited to: operationwithout correctly specified DEF; lack ofmaintenance of the engine aftertreatmentsystem; improper storage, or shutdownpractices; unauthorized modifications ofthe engine and engine aftertreatmentsystem. PACCAR is also not responsiblefor failures caused by incorrect DEF or bywater, dirt or other contaminants in theDEF. Refer to your engine and vehicleoperator's manuals for maintenance,storage, and shutdown information.

For engines using SCR operating in theUnited States and Canada, it isrecommended that the DEF used becertified by the American PetroleumInstitute (API).

NOTE

To ensure the correct DEF is used,PACCAR Inc recommends the use ofTRP® CleanBlue Diesel Exhaust Fluidwhich is available in different quantityoptions from small to bulk containers.

DEF Availability• DEF is readily available at truck stops

and at all PACCAR Engine dealers. For

assistance locating DEF, contact yourlocal PACCAR authorized repair location.

• If your vehicle is out of DEF and you areunable to locate a source to purchaseDEF, please contact the vehicle OEMcustomer care center at the telephonenumber provided in the vehicle operator’smanual. The vehicle OEM customer carecenter will be able to contact the nearestdealer location to you and arrange for anemergency shipment of DEF to yourlocation 24 hours a day.

The following are other common namesused for Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF):

• AUS 32 (Aqueous Urea Solution 32)• AdBlue• NOx Reduction Agent• Catalyst Solution

Regardless of what the DEF is called, theDEF must meet the ISO 22241-1 (DIN70070) specifications.

INFORMATION - Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

40 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

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Related concepts

DEF Storage

NOTE

The following information is for refer-ence and is to be used as a guidelineonly. There are many factors that de-termine Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)shelf life, with temperature and dura-tion being two of the major determiningcontributors. If in doubt, replace thefluid with known quality DEF. DEF hasa limited shelf life, both in the vehicle'sdiesel exhaust fluid tank and in stor-age/bulk/transportation containers.

The following conditions are ideal formaintaining DEF quality and shelf lifeduring prolonged transportation andstorage:

• Storage temperature between -5°C and25°C (23°F and 77°F)

• Storage in sealed containers to avoidcontamination

• Avoidance of direct sunlight

In these conditions, Diesel Exhaust Fluid(DEF) has a minimum expected shelf life of18 months. If stored at higher temperaturesfor extended periods of time, the shelf lifewill be reduced by approximately 6 monthsfor every 5°C (9°F) above the higheststorage temperature listed above. Longterm storage in a vehicle (in excess of 6months) is not recommended.

NOTE

To assist in preventing DEF from dete-riorating when stored in the vehicle'sDEF tank, locate and plug the tank'sventing to seal the tank exposure tothe atmosphere.

DEF Tank

1. DEF tank vent

Related concepts

DEF Handling

CAUTION

If Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is spilledon metal surfaces (for example thesteps, fuel tanks or grab handles) rinseand clean immediately with water. Fail-ure to do so may leave permanent cor-rosive stains on the metal surfaceswhich can not be removed.

• Make sure to only use approved con-tainers to transport and store DEF.Containers made of polyethyleneand polypropylene are recommend-ed.

• If DEF is spilled, rinse and clean im-mediately with water.

• Avoid prolonged contact with skin. Incase of contact, wash immediatelywith soap and water. If not washedimmediately, a white film will be leftwhen the DEF dries.


Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 41

4

NOTE

Spilled DEF, if left to dry or wipedaway with a cloth only, will leave awhite residue. Failure to clean the spil-led DEF may result in an incorrectly di-agnosed leak of the DEF dosing sys-tem.

Before using containers, funnels, etc. thatwill be used to dispense, handle or storeDEF, make sure to wash thoroughly toremove any contaminants and then rinsewith distilled water.

NOTE

Do not use tap water to rinse compo-nents that will be used to deliver dieselexhaust fluid. Tap water will contami-nate the DEF. If distilled water is notavailable, rinse with tap water andthen rinse with DEF.

DEF DisposalIf disposing Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF),always check with the local authority

regulations on proper disposal process andrequirements.

Related concepts

Contamination / Incorrect FluidThe following guidelines are available ifDEF gets contaminated or the level of DEFthe tank is significantly different than whatthe gauge reads.

CAUTION

Never add water or any other fluid be-sides what is specified to the DEFtank. The engine aftertreatment sys-tem may be damaged.

The system monitors the DEF fluid qualityunder normal operating temperatures andwhen the vehicle is moving 8 kph (5 mph).In some situations, the system may notcheck DEF quality because of reducedoperating temperatures. A service tool maybe required to temporarily allow the systemto check the DEF quality at operatingtemperatures regardless of vehicle speed.In the event that the incorrect fluid is addedto the Diesel Exhaust Fluid tank, such as,but not limited to:

• Water• Diesel Fuel• Hydraulic Fluid• Coolant• Windshield Washer Fluid

Contact a local PACCAR AuthorizedRepair location to determine theappropriate repair direction. If only waterhas been added to the DEF tank, drain theDEF tank, flush with distilled water andrefill with new and/or known good DEF.

Related concepts


42 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

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Index

CContamination / Incorrect Fluid 42

DDEF Handling 41DEF Level Warning – Emergency Vehicles 30DEF Level Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles 27DEF Quality Warning – Emergency Vehicles 31DEF Quality Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles 28DEF Storage 41Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Lamp 11Diesel Exhaust Fluid tank maintenance 36Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System 38Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Warning Lamp 10DPF Regeneration 21DPF Switch 19DPF Switch Three-Position 20DPF Switches 18DPF SwitchTwo-Position 19

EEngine Aftertreatment System Warning Lamps 10

FFunctionality / Notification Information 13

HHigh Exhaust System Temperature (HEST) Warning Lamp 11

IIdling in Freezing Temperatures, Extended 13Illustrations 7Introduction 24

MMalfunction Indicator Lamp 12

NNotification of High Exhaust System Temperature 16Notification Regeneration is Required 17

PParked Regeneration 21

RRecommendations and Specifications 39

Index

Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18) 43

SSafety 6Safety Alerts 6SCR Component Failure Warning – Emergency Vehicles32SCR Component Failure Warning – Non-EmergencyVehicles 29Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System 39Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration 23Stop Engine Lamp 12

TTampering with Engine Aftertreatment System 38

WWarning Symbols Quick Reference 14What is a Diesel Partilculate Filter 13

Index

44 Y53-6085-1C1 (09/08/18)

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