engal viduthalai poor

GeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôo

B£¬VoB£¬VoB£¬VoB£¬VoB£¬Vo

C[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\u, ©.G.

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Nôk§² T§lTLmLRÜ Gi : 15/155; ®VôLlTo ùRÚ,

¡±vúPôTo SLo, ùTÚ®û[SôLoúLô®p - 629 003.

i

E}iyf; Fwpj;JE}iyf; Fwpj;JE}iyf; Fwpj;JE}iyf; Fwpj;JE}iyf; Fwpj;J

bgah; : v';fs; tpLjiyg; nghh;

bghUs; : jpUtpjh';Tupy; cah;rhjp ,e;Jf;fshdkiyahs ehah;fspd; nfhug;gpoapy;,Ue;J jkpHd; ,He;j kz;zhfpaFkhp khtl;lj;ij kPl;blLf;f ele;jnghuhl;lj;jpd; tPu tuyhW.

Mrphpah; : ehlhh; ey rpe;jidahsh;,se;njhl;lk; F. RFkhwd;

bkhHp : jkpH;

btspaPl;L ehs; : 12-06-2011

chpik : MrphpaUf;F kl;Lk;

bkhj;j gpujpfs; : 500

E}ypd; mst[ : 1/8 blk;kp (21.5 cm x 14 cm)

mr;R gug;gst[ : 17.5 cm x 11cm

vGj;J cUt mst[ : 10.5 g[s;spfs;

mr;rpl;nlhh; : bgdpnay; gphpz;lh]!;75-B, W.C.C. rhiy/ehfh;nfhtpy; - 629 001.

btspaPL : rhe;jpdp gjpg;gfk;fjt[ vz; : 15/155, tpahfg;gh; bjU.fpwp!;nlhgh; efh;/ bgUtpis/ehfh;nfhtpy; - 629 003.

ed;bfhil : +. 50/- f;F Fiwahky;

ii

§ÚUQ ùTôu®Zô LôÔm èXô£¬Vo

§ÚUQSôs : 12-1-1961

ùTôu®Zô Sôs : 12-1-2011

iii

mzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiu

tuyhw;wpy; kdpj ,dk; bgUikg;gl;Lf; bfhs;sf;Toa

,dpg;ghd epfH;t[fSk;/ btl;fg;glf;Toa frg;ghd epfH;t[fSk;

rf$nk. bgUikg;gl;Lf; bfhs;sf;Toa epfH;t[fSf;Fr; brhe;jk;

bfhz;lho j';fis rKjha mLf;fpy; nky;jsj;jpy; epiy

epWj;jt[k;/ btl;fg;glntz;oa epfH;t[fSf;F ntW rpyiur;

brhe;jkhf;fp mtu;fis rKjha mLf;fpy; fPH;jsj;jpy; epiy

epWj;jp itj;J moikg;gLj;j Kaw;rpg;gJt[k; cah; $hjpapdupd;

tHf ;fkhd bray ;fspy ; xd ;W. vdnt/ xLf ;fg ; gl ;LxLf ;fg ; gl ;LxLf ;fg ; gl ;LxLf ;fg ; gl ;LxLf ;fg ; gl ;L

tpLjiyaile;j xU rKjhaj;jpd; tpLjiy thH;t[ xUtpLjiyaile;j xU rKjhaj;jpd; tpLjiy thH;t[ xUtpLjiyaile;j xU rKjhaj;jpd; tpLjiy thH;t[ xUtpLjiyaile;j xU rKjhaj;jpd; tpLjiy thH;t[ xUtpLjiyaile;j xU rKjhaj;jpd; tpLjiy thH;t[ xU

bjhlu; nghuhl;lnkbjhlu; nghuhl;lnkbjhlu; nghuhl;lnkbjhlu; nghuhl;lnkbjhlu; nghuhl;lnk vd;gJ cWjpahfp tpLfpwJ.

fd;dpahFkup khtl;l tpLjiy tuyhW (1947-1956)

xLf;fg;gl;l xU jkpH; rKjhaj;jpd; kfj;jhd tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l

tuyhW MFk;. ,e;j kfj;jhd tuyhWf;Fr; brhe;jk; bfhz;lho/

nkd;ik njl cah; $hjpapdh; fsk; ,w';fpdh;. tuyhiw

kiwg;gjpYk;-jpupg;gjpYk;-jpULtjpYk; Kk;Kukhf <Lgl;ldh;.

ve;j tpj Kjy; epiy Mtzj;jh';fy;fSk; ,y;yhkny/ j';fis

nkd;ikg; ghuhl;Lk; mstpy; rpy ehd;fhk; ju E}y;fis vGjp

jh';fns btspapl;Lf; bfhz;ldh;. ,e;epiyapy; me;j kfj;jhdme;j kfj;jhdme;j kfj;jhdme;j kfj;jhdme;j kfj;jhd

tpLjiy tuyhw ;w pd ; brhe ;jf ;fhuh ;fs ; t pH pj ;Jf ;t pLjiy tuyhw ;w pd ; brhe ;jf ;fhuh ;fs ; t pH pj ;Jf ;t pLjiy tuyhw ;w pd ; brhe ;jf ;fhuh ;fs ; t pH pj ;Jf ;t pLjiy tuyhw ;w pd ; brhe ;jf ;fhuh ;fs ; t pH pj ;Jf ;t pLjiy tuyhw ;w pd ; brhe ;jf ;fhuh ;fs ; t pH pj ;Jf ;

bfhz;lhu ;fs; .bfhz;lhu ;fs; .bfhz;lhu ;fs; .bfhz;lhu ;fs; .bfhz;lhu ;fs; .

tpLjiy ehafd;/ Fkupj;je;ij khh;#y; V. nerkzpa[ld;

njhnshL njhs; epd;W nghuhoatu;/ Kd;dhs; ghuhSkd;w

nkyit cWg;gpdh;/ jpU. V. mg;Jy; urhf; mth;fs;. tpLjiyg;

nghuhl;l tuyhiw cau; rhjpapdh; ntz;Lbkd;nw kiwg;gija[k;

- jpu pg ;gija [k ;- jpULtija[k ; fz;L kdk; bghwhJ/

jpU.V.V. urhf; mth;fs; epfH;t[fis cs;sthnw mg;go mg;gona

vLj;J itj;J 1998-y; nerkzp xU rupj;jpuj; jpUg;gknerkzp xU rupj;jpuj; jpUg;gknerkzp xU rupj;jpuj; jpUg;gknerkzp xU rupj;jpuj; jpUg;gknerkzp xU rupj;jpuj; jpUg;gk; vd;w

E}iyj; je;jhh;fs;. ,J cah; $hjpapdhpd; kiwg;g[f;Fk; -

jpupg ;g [f ;Fk ; - jpUl;Lf;Fk ; nghpoahf mike;Jtpl ;lJ.

ntjidiaj;jhs ,ayhj cau; $hjpapdh;/ E}yhrphpah; jpU. V.V.

urhf; mth;fspd; kiwitr; rhjfkhf vLj;Jf;bfhz;L/ E}y;

btspaPl;lhsu;/ nguhrpupah; lhf;lh; K. My;gd;!; ej;jhdpnay;

mth;fis ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F ,Gj;J/ gy;yhz;Lfs; miyf;fHpj;J

t";rk; jPu;j;Jf;bfhz;ldh;. tuyhW jpUlh;fs; njhy;tpiar;

re;jpj;jpUe;jhYk;/ me;j tuyhw;wpd; brhe;jf;fhuh;fs; vd;Wk;tuyhw;wpd; brhe;jf;fhuh;fs; vd;Wk;tuyhw;wpd; brhe;jf;fhuh;fs; vd;Wk;tuyhw;wpd; brhe;jf;fhuh;fs; vd;Wk;tuyhw;wpd; brhe;jf;fhuh;fs; vd;Wk;

tpHpg ;g [ld; ,Ue;J bray;gl ntz;LktpHpg ;g [ld; ,Ue;J bray;gl ntz;LktpHpg ;g [ld; ,Ue;J bray;gl ntz;LktpHpg ;g [ld; ,Ue;J bray;gl ntz;LktpHpg ;g [ld; ,Ue;J bray;gl ntz;Lk; vd;w cz;ikia

czu;j;Jtjhf me;j miyf;fHpg;g[ epfH;r;rp mike;jJ.

jpU. V.V. urhf; mth;fs; brhy;y Kide;J/ gpd;ja';fp

eLtHpapy; epd;W nghd mndf epfH;t[fis mtUila E}ypy;

fhzyhk;. ,se;njhl;lk; F. RFkhwd; mth;fspd; v';fs; v';fs; v';fs; v';fs; v';fs;

tpLjiy nghhtpLjiy nghhtpLjiy nghhtpLjiy nghhtpLjiy nghh; vd;w ,e;E}y; me;j Fiwia ePf;fp/ nerkzpnerkzpnerkzpnerkzpnerkzp

xU rupj ;jpuj ; jpUg;gk ; vd;w E}Yf;F tphpt[iuahft[k ; /xU rupj ;jpuj ; jpUg;gk ; vd;w E}Yf;F tphpt[iuahft[k ; /xU rupj ;jpuj ; jpUg;gk ; vd;w E}Yf;F tphpt[iuahft[k ; /xU rupj ;jpuj ; jpUg;gk ; vd;w E}Yf;F tphpt[iuahft[k ; /xU rupj ;jpuj ; jpUg;gk ; vd;w E}Yf;F tphpt[iuahft[k ; /

t psf ;ft [iuahft [k ; / bjspt [iuahft [k ; mike ;Js ;sJ.tpsf ;ft [iuahft [k ; / bjspt [iuahft [k ; mike ;Js ;sJ.tpsf ;ft [iuahft [k ; / bjspt [iuahft [k ; mike ;Js ;sJ.tpsf ;ft [iuahft [k ; / bjspt [iuahft [k ; mike ;Js ;sJ.tpsf ;ft [iuahft [k ; / bjspt [iuahft [k ; mike ;Js ;sJ.

,naRitg; nghd;w ,dg;gw;iwa[k;/ nerkzpkzpiag; nghd;w

ijhpak; - Jzpr;ry; - btspg;gil Mfpatw;iwa[k;/ tpLjiyg;

nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; MH;e;j mwpita[k;/ nghuhl;l

epfH;t[fSldhd rkfhy bjhlh;iga[k; ,se;njhl;lk; mth;fspd;

vGj;jpy; fhzKofpwJ.

jiytdplk; xU jplkhd bfhs;if ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; -

me;j bfhs;ifapy; mtd; cWjpahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; - jtW

bra;a[k; njhHh;fis kd;dpj;J Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sk; kndhepiy

ntz;Lk;- fth;r;rpfspy; tPH;e;J tplh kndh epiya[k; ntz;Lk;.

iv

kf;fs; tHp jiytd; my;y - jiytd; tHpna kf;fs; vd;w

nfhl;ghl;oy; ek;gpf;if ntz;Lk;. njhHik vd;w bgaupy;

gpwjiyth;fspd; tHpelthik ntz;Lk;. ,itaht[k; xU';nf

mikag;bgw;wth; Fkupj; je;ij khh;#y; V. nerkzp vd;gij

,se;njhl;lk; btspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.

Myd; epidt[ kz;lgj;jpy; jp.j.eh.fh. vd;w murpay;

fl;rp Jt';fpa ehspy; / jpUtpjh';Th; jkpHh ;fs; thGk;

gFjpfSf;F tpLjiy ntz;Lk; vd;W nerkzp KHf;fkpl;lhh;.

,Wjpahf / jpUtpjh';Th; jkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; KGikf;Fk;

tpLjiy ntz;Lk; vd;W ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; nerkzp thjpl;lhh;.

nerkzpaplk ; j plkhd bfhs ;if ,Ue ;jJnerkzpaplk ; j plkhd bfhs ;if ,Ue ;jJnerkzpaplk ; j plkhd bfhs ;if ,Ue ;jJnerkzpaplk ; j plkhd bfhs ;if ,Ue ;jJnerkzpaplk ; j plkhd bfhs ;if ,Ue ;jJ vd ;gjw ;F

,itfs; rhd;whfpd;wd.

Mf!;l; 11/1954-y; ,U ,l';fspy; Jg;ghf;fpr; NL ele;jJ

- gjpbdhUngh; khz;ldh; - mndfh; Klkhapdh; - Rkhh; 300 -

f;Fk; nkyhndhUf;Fr; rpiwapy; rpj;jputij - 3000 -f;Fk;

nkyhndhh; btspkhepy';fspYk;/ fhL-kiyfspYk; kiwe;J/ grp-

gl;odpahy; thodh; - mth;fs; FLk;g';fs; g[dpjk; ,He;jd -

FLk;gj;jpdh; grp - gl;odpahy; Jtz;Lnghapdh;. vJ - v';F-

vg;nghJ elf;Fnkh vd;w jpfpy; v';Fk; epiwe;jpUe;jJ - Rkhh;

8 khj';fs; fy;Fsk; - tpst';nfhL jhYfhf;fs; RLfhlhff;

fhl;rpje;jd - muRf;F mogzpa fl;rpj;njhHh;fs; jiytidmuRf;F mogzpa fl;rpj;njhHh;fs; jiytidmuRf;F mogzpa fl;rpj;njhHh;fs; jiytidmuRf;F mogzpa fl;rpj;njhHh;fs; jiytidmuRf;F mogzpa fl;rpj;njhHh;fs; jiytid

tw;g[Wj;jpdh; - nerkzpnahgzpahky; bfhz;l bfhs;ifapy;tw;g[Wj;jpdh; - nerkzpnahgzpahky; bfhz;l bfhs;ifapy;tw;g[Wj;jpdh; - nerkzpnahgzpahky; bfhz;l bfhs;ifapy;tw;g[Wj;jpdh; - nerkzpnahgzpahky; bfhz;l bfhs;ifapy;tw;g[Wj;jpdh; - nerkzpnahgzpahky; bfhz;l bfhs;ifapy;

cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh;.cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh;.cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh;.cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh;.cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh;. ,e;j epfH;t[fis ,se;njhl;lk; mth;fs;

tpupthfj; jd; E}ypy; vLj;J itj;Js;shh;fs;.

jpUtpjh';Th; murhy; jhf;Fg; gpof;f Koahj mstpy;

jp.j.eh.fh.-tpd; tsh;r;rpntfk; ,Ue;jJ. ke;jphp gjtp/ rghehafh;

gjtp/ kd;dhpd;gz Kog;g[/ ,d;Dk; gy fth;r;rpfs; nerkzpia

v

beU';fp te;jd. Vsdr; rphpg;igg; gjpyhfj;je;J nerkzp

mitfis epuhfupj;jhh; - jd; Fwpf;nfhSf;F neuhf tPueil

nghl;lhh;. kl;Lkh> md;W tf;fPy; bjhHpypy; bfhof;fl;og;gwe;J

bfhz;oUe;jth; nerkzp mth;fs;. bjhHpy; \yk; tuf;ToabjhHpy; \yk; tuf;ToabjhHpy; \yk; tuf;ToabjhHpy; \yk; tuf;ToabjhHpy; \yk; tuf;Toa

mghpkpj tUkhdj;ijf;Tl Kw;wpYk; Jwe;J/ nerkzpjhd;mghpkpj tUkhdj;ijf;Tl Kw;wpYk; Jwe;J/ nerkzpjhd;mghpkpj tUkhdj;ijf;Tl Kw;wpYk; Jwe;J/ nerkzpjhd;mghpkpj tUkhdj;ijf;Tl Kw;wpYk; Jwe;J/ nerkzpjhd;mghpkpj tUkhdj;ijf;Tl Kw;wpYk; Jwe;J/ nerkzpjhd;

Vw ;Wf ;bfhz;l tpLjiyg ; gzpapy ; Kw ;w pYkhfVw ;Wf ;bfhz;l tpLjiyg ; gzpapy ; Kw ;w pYkhfVw ;Wf ;bfhz;l tpLjiyg ; gzpapy ; Kw ;w pYkhfVw ;Wf ;bfhz;l tpLjiyg ; gzpapy ; Kw ;w pYkhfVw ;Wf ;bfhz;l tpLjiyg ; gzpapy ; Kw ;w pYkhf

<Lgl;oUe;jhh;.<Lgl;oUe;jhh;.<Lgl;oUe;jhh;.<Lgl;oUe;jhh;.<Lgl;oUe;jhh;. ,e;j cz;ikiaa[k; ,se;njhl;lk; mth;fs;

btspr;rkpl;Lf; fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.

fl;rpg; gpuKfh;fspy; xUtuhd jpU. gh. jhqyp';fk;/

kiyahspfs; tpupj;jtiyapy; tPH;e;J/ nghl;o jp.j.eh.fh. itj;

Jt';fp/ njh;jypy; jp.j.eh.fh. ntl;ghsh;fis vjph ;j ;Jg;

nghl;oapl;L/ kz;izf; ft;tpdhh;. mth; mgak; njo kPz;Lk;

jp.j.eh.fh.t[f;F te;jnghJ/ fl;rpf;Fs; ,Ue;j vjph;g;iga[k;

bghUl;gLj;jhJ/ nerkzp Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.

bjd;jpUtpjh';Thpy; fh';fpu!;fl;rp ehah; Mjpf;fj;jpy;

,a';fpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ. muRf;F vjpuhf bray;gl;Lf;

bfhz;oUe;j fh';fpu!; fl;rpf;F fpwp!;jt ehlhh;fs; Mjut[

bfhLf;ftpy;iy. khwhf/ ,e;J - fpwp!;jt ehlhh; xw;Wikf;Fg;

ghLgl;lhh;fs;. ,r;bray; j';fis bgytPdg;gLj;Jk; vd;W

mwpe;J bfhz;l ehau;fs;/ fh';fpu!; gpuKfuhd jpU. V. F";"d;

ehlhiug ; gad;gLj ;jp xw ;Wik Kaw ;rpia Kwpaof ;fg ;

ghLgl;lhh;fs;. ehsiltpy; F";"d; ehlhhpd; bry;thf;F

fh';fpu!;fl;rpf;Fs; vLglhky; nghdJ. mth; jp.j.eh.fh.-tpy;

mgak; nfl;L te;jhh;. fl;rpf;Fs; gyUila vjph;g;g[fs; ,Ue;Jk;

F" ;"d; ehlhiu nerkzp Vw ;Wf ;bfhz;L Kf ;f pa

fl;rpg;bghWg;g[fisa[k; mtUf;Ff; bfhLj;jhh;. ,t;thwhf/

nerkzpapd ; kd ;dpf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; jahsFz';fisanerkzpapd ; kd ;dpf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; jahsFz';fisanerkzpapd ; kd ;dpf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; jahsFz';fisanerkzpapd ; kd ;dpf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; jahsFz';fisanerkzpapd ; kd ;dpf ;Fk ; kw ;Wk ; jahsFz';fisa [k ;[ k ;[ k ;[ k ;[ k ;

vi

jpahf' ;fisa [k ; ,se ;njhl ;lk ; mth ;fs ; jd ; E }y py ;j pahf' ;fisa [k ; ,se ;njhl ;lk ; mth ;fs ; jd ; E }y py ;j pahf' ;fisa [k ; ,se ;njhl ;lk ; mth ;fs ; jd ; E }y py ;j pahf' ;fisa [k ; ,se ;njhl ;lk ; mth ;fs ; jd ; E }y py ;j pahf' ;fisa [k ; ,se ;njhl ;lk ; mth ;fs ; jd ; E }y py ;

nfhol;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhh ;fs; .nfhol;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhh ;fs; .nfhol;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhh ;fs; .nfhol;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhh ;fs; .nfhol;Lf;fhl;Lfpwhh ;fs; .

fl;rp vLf;Fk; Kot[fSf;F vd;Wnk jiytz';fpfl;rp vLf;Fk; Kot[fSf;F vd;Wnk jiytz';fpfl;rp vLf;Fk; Kot[fSf;F vd;Wnk jiytz';fpfl;rp vLf;Fk; Kot[fSf;F vd;Wnk jiytz';fpfl;rp vLf;Fk; Kot[fSf;F vd;Wnk jiytz';fp

bray;gl;lhh;bray;gl;lhh;bray;gl;lhh;bray;gl;lhh;bray;gl;lhh; nerkzpnerkzpnerkzpnerkzpnerkzp..... gpujk ke;jphp ehuhaz gps;isf;Fj; jd;

ke;jphp rigia fhg;ghw;wpf; bfhs;s jp.j.eh.fh. rl;lkd;w

cWg;gpdh;fspd; Mjut[ njitg;gl;lJ. mJ bjhlh;ghfg;ngr

ghisa';nfhl;ilapy; xU re;jpg;g[ epfH;r;rp Vw;ghlhdJ. jp.j.eh.fh.

gpuKfh;fs; midtUk; fye;Jf;bfhz;ldh;. gy epge;jidfspd;

mog;gilapy; xU rkurk; cUthdJ. mjd; bgah;jhd;

ghisa';nfhl ;ilghisa';nfhl ;ilghisa';nfhl ;ilghisa';nfhl ;ilghisa';nfhl ;il rkurk; .rkurk; .rkurk; .rkurk; .rkurk; . me;j rkurj;ij jp.j.eh.fh.

bghJf;FG Vw;Wf;bfhs;stpy;iy. ghisa';nfhl;il rkurj;jpy;

m';fkhf ,Ue;jth;fspy; rpyUk; bghJf;FGtpy; mij Vw;Wf;

bfhs;stpy;iy. kdk; cile;Jnghd jp.j.eh.fh.fl;rpj;jiyth;

jpU. vd;. nrk; ej;jhdpnay; jd; jiyth; gjtpia ,uh$pdhkh

bra;jnjhL epy;yhky;/ gpd; xU ehspy; fl;rpia tpl;L Xo gl;lk;

jhqgps;isia jd; jiytdhf Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;. nerkzpnahnerkzpnahnerkzpnahnerkzpnahnerkzpnah

bghJf;FGtpd; Kot[f;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L fl;rpapy; bjhlh;e;JbghJf;FGtpd; Kot[f;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L fl;rpapy; bjhlh;e;JbghJf;FGtpd; Kot[f;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L fl;rpapy; bjhlh;e;JbghJf;FGtpd; Kot[f;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L fl;rpapy; bjhlh;e;JbghJf;FGtpd; Kot[f;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L fl;rpapy; bjhlh;e;J

bray;gl;lhh;.bray;gl;lhh;.bray;gl;lhh;.bray;gl;lhh;.bray;gl;lhh;.

jpUtpjh';Th; jkpHh;fs; thH;e;j gFjpfshd njtpFsk/;

gPUnkL jhYfh kf;fs; jkpH;ehl;Lld; nruntz;Lk; vd nfhhpf;if

itj;jdh;. clnd muR m';F nghyP!; ml;?Hpaj;ijf; fl;ltpH;j;J

tpl;lJ. m';Fs;s epiyikia nehpy; brd;W Ma;t[ elj;jt[k;

kf;fSf;F MWjy; brhy;yt[k; nerkzpia mDg;g[tJ vd;W fl;rp

jPh;khdkpl;lJ. fl;rpfl;lisf;F mogzpe;J m';F brd;w

nerkzpiaa[k; mth; njhHh;fisa[k; kiyahs nghyPrhh; ifJ

bra;J rpiwapy; milj;jdh;. ,Jnt jp.j.eh.fh. -tpd; ,Wjpf;

fl;lg;nghuhl;lj;jpd; Jtf;fkhf mike;jJ.

vii

nerkzp rpiwapy; milg;gl;lJk; jkpHh;fs; thHe;j

gFjpfs; v';Fk; rhj;tPf nghuhl;lk; Muk;gkhdJ. ghujg;gpujkh;/

gz;oj $tfh;yhy; neU mth;fs; jp.j.eh.fh. jiytUf;F xU

fojk; vGjp nghuhl;lk; ntz;lhk; vd nfl;Lf;bfhz;lhh;.

fojj;ij gj;jphpiffspy; btspaplt[k; neU nfl;Lf;bfhz;lhh;.

khepy kW rPuikg;g[ Mizaj;jpd; mwpf;if te;jJk; ghpe;Jiufisg;

ghprPyid bra;J jpUtpjh';Th; jkpH; gFjpfis jkpHfj;Jld;

,izf;fyhk; vd;W cWjpbkhHpa[k; je;jpUe;jhh;. fojk;/

rpiwbry;yhky; btspapy; ,Ue;j jpU. A. F";"d; ehlhhplk;

fpilj;jJ. fojj;ij rpiwapy; ,Ue;j jiyth; nerkzpaplk;fojj;ij rpiwapy; ,Ue;j jiyth; nerkzpaplk;fojj;ij rpiwapy; ,Ue;j jiyth; nerkzpaplk;fojj;ij rpiwapy; ,Ue;j jiyth; nerkzpaplk;fojj;ij rpiwapy; ,Ue;j jiyth; nerkzpaplk;

fhl ;o F";"d; ehlhh ; KobtLf;f Kd;tutpy ;iy.fhl ;o F";"d; ehlhh ; KobtLf;f Kd;tutpy ;iy.fhl ;o F";"d; ehlhh ; KobtLf;f Kd;tutpy ;iy.fhl ;o F";"d; ehlhh ; KobtLf;f Kd;tutpy ;iy.fhl ;o F";"d; ehlhh ; KobtLf;f Kd;tutpy ;iy.

$Pthde;jj;Jilat[k; k.bgh.rpt"hdj;Jilat[k; tHp elj;Jjypy;

F";"d; ehlhh; ,a';fpdhh;. mth;fs;/ nerkzp fojk; fz;lJk;

nghuhl ;lj ;ij gpd;typf ;ff ; TLk; vd;W vz;zpajhy; /

F";"d;ehlhh; fojj;ij nerkzpaplk; fhl;lhky; Mf!;l; 11/1954

nghuhl;lj;ijg; gpufldg;gLj;jpdhh;. mjdhy; jkpH; gpunjr';fshd

fy;Fsk; - tpst';nfhL jhYfh kf;fs; gl;lghLfs; mwpe;jnj.

mj;Jld; neUtpd; ntz;Lnfhis kjpf;fhjjhy; kj;jpa muR

tl;lhu';fspy; jp.j.eh.fh.-t[f;F Mjut[ Fiwe;jJ- gl;lk;

jhqgps;isf;F Mjut[ bgUfpaJ. rpiwapy; ,Ue;J btsprpiwapy; ,Ue;J btsprpiwapy; ,Ue;J btsprpiwapy; ,Ue;J btsprpiwapy; ,Ue;J btsp

te ;j nerkzp/ F";"d; ehlhh ; k PJ ve ;j Fiwiaa[k ;te ;j nerkzp/ F";"d; ehlhh ; k PJ ve ;j Fiwiaa[k ;te ;j nerkzp/ F";"d; ehlhh ; k PJ ve ;j Fiwiaa[k ;te ;j nerkzp/ F";"d; ehlhh ; k PJ ve ;j Fiwiaa[k ;te ;j nerkzp/ F";"d; ehlhh ; k PJ ve ;j Fiwiaa[k ;

fz;Lbfhs;stpy;iy. midj;Jg; bghWg;g[fisa[k; jhndfz;Lbfhs;stpy;iy. midj;Jg; bghWg;g[fisa[k; jhndfz;Lbfhs;stpy;iy. midj;Jg; bghWg;g[fisa[k; jhndfz;Lbfhs;stpy;iy. midj;Jg; bghWg;g[fisa[k; jhndfz;Lbfhs;stpy;iy. midj;Jg; bghWg;g[fisa[k; jhnd

Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;.

jkpHh; eyd;fhf;f jp.j.eh.fh. vd;w murpay; fl;rpia

nerkzp Vw;W vLj;jJk;/ murpay; nkjhtpj;jdk; j';fs;

iftpl ;Lg ; nghdjhy; cah ; $hjpf ;fhudhd $Pthde;jk ;

ehfh;nfhtpy; efurigj; jplypy; xU Tl;lj;ijf; Tl;o"nerkzp

viii

xU fU';fy;/ mij tpG';fp $Puzpj;J btspna js;S';fs;"vd;W KH';fpdhh ; . gpw ;fhyj;jpy ; k.bgh.rp . "$Pthtpd;

vjph;ghh;g;g[f;F khwhf nerkzp jp.j.eh.fh. it tpG';fp $Puzpj;J

tpl;lhh;". vd;W vGJfpwhh;. vdpDk; t";rk; jPh;f;f $Pthde;jk;

fhj;Jf;fple;jhh;. me;j tha;g;g[ nerkzp ifjhfp rpiwapy;

milgl;Lf; fple;j nghJf; fpl;oaJ.

jp.j.eh.fh fl;rpapd; ntz;Lnfhis Vw;W nerkzpa[k;

mth; njhHh;fSk; njtpFsk; brd;wdh;. m';F mth;fs; jilia

kPwp rpiw brd;wdh;. mjd;gpd; jp.j.eh.fh. Kd;dzp jiyth;fs;

xd;wd;gpd; xd;whfj ; njtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp

rpiwg[Fe;jdh;. njtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp rpiw bry;ynjtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp rpiw bry;ynjtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp rpiw bry;ynjtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp rpiw bry;ynjtpFsk; brd;W jilia kPwp rpiw bry;y

kWj ;j F" ;"d ;ehlhh ; btspa py ; ,Ue ;J fl ;r pg ;kWj ;j F" ;"d ;ehlhh ; btspa py ; ,Ue ;J fl ;r pg ;kWj ;j F" ;"d ;ehlhh ; btspa py ; ,Ue ;J fl ;r pg ;kWj ;j F" ;"d ;ehlhh ; btspa py ; ,Ue ;J fl ;r pg ;kWj ;j F" ;"d ;ehlhh ; btspa py ; ,Ue ;J fl ;r pg ;

bghWg ;g [fisf ; ftdpj ;Jf ;bfhz;oUe ;jhh ; . ,e ;jbghWg ;g [fisf ; ftdpj ;Jf ;bfhz;oUe ;jhh ; . ,e ;jbghWg ;g [fisf ; ftdpj ;Jf ;bfhz;oUe ;jhh ; . ,e ;jbghWg ;g [fisf ; ftdpj ;Jf ;bfhz;oUe ;jhh ; . ,e ;jbghWg ;g [fisf ; ftdpj ;Jf ;bfhz;oUe ;jhh ; . ,e ;j

jUzj;ij $ Pthde ;jk ; gad ;gLj ;j pf ; bfhz;lhh ; .jUzj ;ij $ Pthde ;jk ; gad ;gLj ;j pf ; bfhz;lhh ; .jUzj ;ij $ Pthde ;jk ; gad ;gLj ;j pf ; bfhz;lhh ; .jUzj ;ij $ Pthde ;jk ; gad ;gLj ;j pf ; bfhz;lhh ; .jUzj ;ij $ Pthde ;jk ; gad ;gLj ;j pf ; bfhz;lhh ; .

F";"d;ehlhiuj; J}z;otpl;L tpLjiyjpdk; mDrhpf;fF";"d;ehlhiuj; J}z;otpl;L tpLjiyjpdk; mDrhpf;fF";"d;ehlhiuj; J}z;otpl;L tpLjiyjpdk; mDrhpf;fF";"d;ehlhiuj; J}z;otpl;L tpLjiyjpdk; mDrhpf;fF";"d;ehlhiuj; J}z;otpl;L tpLjiyjpdk; mDrhpf;f

itj;jhh;. k.bgh.rp.-apd; vr;rhpf;ifiaa[k; kPwp Mf!;l;itj;jhh;. k.bgh.rp.-apd; vr;rhpf;ifiaa[k; kPwp Mf!;l;itj;jhh;. k.bgh.rp.-apd; vr;rhpf;ifiaa[k; kPwp Mf!;l;itj;jhh;. k.bgh.rp.-apd; vr;rhpf;ifiaa[k; kPwp Mf!;l;itj;jhh;. k.bgh.rp.-apd; vr;rhpf;ifiaa[k; kPwp Mf!;l;

11 /1954 -y; tpLjiy jpdk; mDrhpf;fg ;gl;lJ. ele;jJ11/1954 -y; tpLjiy jpdk; mDrhpf;fg ;gl;lJ. ele;jJ11/1954 -y; tpLjiy jpdk; mDrhpf;fg ;gl;lJ. ele;jJ11/1954 -y; tpLjiy jpdk; mDrhpf;fg ;gl;lJ. ele;jJ11/1954 -y; tpLjiy jpdk; mDrhpf;fg ;gl;lJ. ele;jJ

vd;d> Jg;ghf;fpr;NL/ bjhlh;e;J fy;Fsk; tpst';nfhLvd;d> Jg;ghf;fpr;NL/ bjhlh;e;J fy;Fsk; tpst';nfhLvd;d> Jg;ghf;fpr;NL/ bjhlh;e;J fy;Fsk; tpst';nfhLvd;d> Jg;ghf;fpr;NL/ bjhlh;e;J fy;Fsk; tpst';nfhLvd;d> Jg;ghf;fpr;NL/ bjhlh;e;J fy;Fsk; tpst';nfhL

jhYfhf ;fspy ; Rkhh ; 8 khjfhy RLfhL mDgt';fs ; .jhYfhf ;fspy ; Rkhh ; 8 khjfhy RLfhL mDgt';fs ; .jhYfhf ;fspy ; Rkhh ; 8 khjfhy RLfhL mDgt';fs ; .jhYfhf ;fspy ; Rkhh ; 8 khjfhy RLfhL mDgt';fs ; .jhYfhf ;fspy ; Rkhh ; 8 khjfhy RLfhL mDgt';fs ; .

md ;iwajpd muh$f' ;fs ; midj ;ija [k ; Kd ;dpd ;Wmd;iwajpd muh$f' ;fs ; midj ;ija [k ; Kd ;dpd ;Wmd;iwajpd muh$f' ;fs ; midj ;ija [k ; Kd ;dpd ;Wmd;iwajpd muh$f' ;fs ; midj ;ija [k ; Kd ;dpd ;Wmd;iwajpd muh$f' ;fs ; midj ;ija [k ; Kd ;dpd ;W

mu';nfw ;wptpl ;L $Pthde;jdpd; njhHh ;fs; midtUk;mu';nfw ;wptpl ;L $Pthde;jdpd; njhHh ;fs; midtUk;mu';nfw ;wptpl ;L $Pthde;jdpd; njhHh ;fs; midtUk;mu';nfw ;wptpl ;L $Pthde;jdpd; njhHh ;fs; midtUk;mu';nfw ;wptpl ;L $Pthde;jdpd; njhHh ;fs; midtUk;

kiwtplk; njo Xo xHpe;J jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;fs;. Vd;kiwtplk; njo Xo xHpe;J jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;fs;. Vd;kiwtplk; njo Xo xHpe;J jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;fs;. Vd;kiwtplk; njo Xo xHpe;J jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;fs;. Vd;kiwtplk; njo Xo xHpe;J jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;fs;. Vd;

njhHh; $Pthde;jKk;jhd;. nghyP!; iffspy; mfg;gl;LnjhHh; $Pthde;jKk;jhd;. nghyP!; iffspy; mfg;gl;LnjhHh; $Pthde;jKk;jhd;. nghyP!; iffspy; mfg;gl;LnjhHh; $Pthde;jKk;jhd;. nghyP!; iffspy; mfg;gl;LnjhHh; $Pthde;jKk;jhd;. nghyP!; iffspy; mfg;gl;L

mth;fSf;F ,iuahdth;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fSk; F";"d;mth;fSf;F ,iuahdth;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fSk; F";"d;mth;fSf;F ,iuahdth;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fSk; F";"d;mth;fSf;F ,iuahdth;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fSk; F";"d;mth;fSf;F ,iuahdth;fs; mg;ghtp kf;fSk; F";"d;

ehlhUk ;jhd ; . r piwapypUe ;J btspna te ;j nerkzpehlhUk ;jhd ; . r piwapypUe ;J btspna te ;j nerkzpehlhUk ;jhd ; . r piwapypUe ;J btspna te ;j nerkzpehlhUk ;jhd ; . r piwapypUe ;J btspna te ;j nerkzpehlhUk ;jhd ; . r piwapypUe ;J btspna te ;j nerkzp

F" ;"d ; ehlhiu ve ;j Fiwa [k ; Twtpy ;iy.F" ;"d ; ehlhiu ve ;j Fiwa [k ; Twtpy ;iy.F" ;"d ; ehlhiu ve ;j Fiwa [k ; Twtpy ;iy.F" ;"d ; ehlhiu ve ;j Fiwa [k ; Twtpy ;iy.F" ;"d ; ehlhiu ve ;j Fiwa [k ; Twtpy ;iy. vy ;yh

epfH;t[fSf;Fk; mtnu bghWg;g[ Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhh;. ,tud;nwh

ix

jiytd;> Mjut[ju te;j njhHh;fspd; njhHikiaf; Fwpj;J

nerkzp gpd;dhspy; brhy;ypaijf;nfS';fs;:

"mwg;nghh; Muk;gpj;jJ/ jkpHfj;jpy; czh;r;rpg; gputhfk;

bgh';fpaJ. me;j czh;r ;rpf ; flypny kpje;J bry;Yk;

eg;ghira[ld; vj;jidnah fl;rpfSk; jiyth;fSk; ,';nf

te;jhh;fs;/ ngrpdhh;fs;. tpz;zjpug; ngrpdhh;fs;. Mdhy;

tpst';nfhl;ony bto rg;jk; nfl;lJk; jp.j.eh.fh. itj; jtpu

,';F ntW ahiua[nk fhztpy;iyna. jkpHh;fs; mwpa

khl;lhh;fsh ,ij> nghUf;Fg;gpd; ,';F vd;d ele;jJ/

jiyth;fs; rpiwf;fk;gpf;Fs;ns milf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. vz;zw;w

,is"h;fspd; vy;Yfs; behWf;fg;gl;ld. Mapuf;fzf;fhd

mg;ghtpj; jkpHh;fs;/ kidapHe;J/ kf;fida[k; - ey;yhisa[k;

gphpe;J/ ehLtpl;L Xodhh;fs;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd FLk;g';fs;

rpijf;fg;gl;ld. md;idkhh; mGj fz;zPh; Mwhf XoaJ.

kidtpkhh;fspd; fjwy; tpz;iz gpse;jJ. bjhHpy; ,y;iy.

cztpy;iy. tpahghukpy;iy. RLfhlhf ghiytdkhff; fhl;rp

mspj;jJ jpUtpjh';Th; jkpHfk;. ,jw;Fg; g[fy; brhy;ypj; jPu

ntz;Lnk. ahiuf;fz;lJ ,e;j ehl;oy;. btj;Jg; ngr;Rfs; md;W

njitg;gltpy;iy. fhhpak; mtrpakhf ,Ue;jJ. ahh; te;jhh;fs;

,e;j ehl;ony>" A.nerkzp/nerkzp/nerkzp/nerkzp/nerkzp/ jpdkyu;/ 25-2-1955.

jp.j.eh.fh nghuhl;l';fs; jPtpukile;j ntisfspy;

jiytd; gy nthjidfisr; re;jpf;f ntz;o te;jJ. fk;a{dp!;l;

fl;rpj; njhHh;fSk;/ jpuhtplKd;ndw;wf; fHfj; njhHh;fSk;/

jkpHuRf;fHfj;njhHh;fSk; jp.j.eh.fh. mikj;j nkilfspy; g';F

bfhz;L KH';fpaJ cz;L. mth;fSld; ,ize;J nghuhl

gyKiw jp.j.eh.fh. t[f;F miHg;g[ tpLj;jJ cz;L. mth;fSld;mth;fSld;mth;fSld;mth;fSld;mth;fSld;

,ize;jhy; jp.j.eh.fh.tpd; Vf bfhs;ifahd ,ize;jhy; jp.j.eh.fh.tpd; Vf bfhs;ifahd ,ize;jhy; jp.j.eh.fh.tpd; Vf bfhs;ifahd ,ize;jhy; jp.j.eh.fh.tpd; Vf bfhs;ifahd ,ize;jhy; jp.j.eh.fh.tpd; Vf bfhs;ifahd "jpUtpjh';ThjpUtpjh';ThjpUtpjh';ThjpUtpjh';ThjpUtpjh';Th;;;;;

x

jkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; gphpe;J jkpH; ehl;Lld; ,izajkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; gphpe;J jkpH; ehl;Lld; ,izajkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; gphpe;J jkpH; ehl;Lld; ,izajkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; gphpe;J jkpH; ehl;Lld; ,izajkpHh;fs; thGk; gFjpfs; gphpe;J jkpH; ehl;Lld; ,iza

ntz;Lk;ntz;Lk;ntz;Lk;ntz;Lk;ntz;Lk;" vd;gJ mogl;L/ fil epiyf;Fj;js;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;/ vd;gJ mogl;L/ fil epiyf;Fj;js;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;/ vd;gJ mogl;L/ fil epiyf;Fj;js;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;/ vd;gJ mogl;L/ fil epiyf;Fj;js;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;/ vd;gJ mogl;L/ fil epiyf;Fj;js;sg;gl;Lg; gpd;/

ve ;j Kf ;f paj ;JtKk ; bgwhky ;kha ;e ;J nghFk ; vd;gJve ;j Kf ;f paj ;JtKk ; bgwhky ;kha ;e ;J nghFk ; vd;gJve ;j Kf ;f paj ;JtKk ; bgwhky ;kha ;e ;J nghFk ; vd;gJve ;j Kf ;f paj ;JtKk ; bgwhky ;kha ;e ;J nghFk ; vd;gJve ;j Kf ;f paj ;JtKk ; bgwhky ;kha ;e ;J nghFk ; vd;gJ

nerkzpapd; murpay; "hdk;.nerkzpapd; murpay; "hdk;.nerkzpapd; murpay; "hdk;.nerkzpapd; murpay; "hdk;.nerkzpapd; murpay; "hdk;. mjdhy; mth; mth;fSld;

,ize;J nghuhLtij jtph;j;jhh;. nerkzpapd; ,e;j "hdk;

jp .j.eh.fh. -tpy ; cs;s kw;w Kd;dzpj;jiyth;fsplk;

,y;yhjpUe;jJ. mjdhy; nkhrk; nghdth;fisf; fhz;nghk;:

ehah; nrth r';fj;jpd; jiyth;/ kd;dj;J gj;kehgd;

mth;fs; jiyikapy;/ fh';fpu!; fl;rpapy;; fpwp!;jth;fspd;

Mjpf;fj;ijj; jzpf;f Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l mikg;g[/ ,e;J kfhkz;ly;.

,jd; gy Jizj;jiyth;fspy; xUth; jpU. gh. jhqyp';fk;

mth;fs;. bjd; jpUtpjh';Thpy;/ fpwp!;jtuhd nerkzp

jiyikapy ; jp .j.eh.fh. ,a';fp te ;jjhy; ehahh ;fspd;

bry;thf;Fk';fp/ fh';fpu!; fl;rp jlk; bjhpahky; ngha; tpl;lJ.

mjdhy; jhqtp';fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;J - fpwp!;jtd;jhqtp';fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;J - fpwp!;jtd;jhqtp';fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;J - fpwp!;jtd;jhqtp';fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;J - fpwp!;jtd;jhqtp';fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,e;J - fpwp!;jtd;

gphptpidia cz;lhf;fp/ nerkzpapd; murpay; gyj;ijgphptpidia cz;lhf;fp/ nerkzpapd; murpay; gyj;ijgphptpidia cz;lhf;fp/ nerkzpapd; murpay; gyj;ijgphptpidia cz;lhf;fp/ nerkzpapd; murpay; gyj;ijgphptpidia cz;lhf;fp/ nerkzpapd; murpay; gyj;ij

mHpf;f Kad;wdh;.mHpf;f Kad;wdh;.mHpf;f Kad;wdh;.mHpf;f Kad;wdh;.mHpf;f Kad;wdh;. mk;Kaw;rpapy; jhqyp';fk; jkpHh;fs;

kj;jpapy; mtkhdr; rpd;dk; MdJ kl;Lnk kpr;rk;.

jpU. vd;. nrk; ehj;jhdpnay; mth;fs; jp.j.eh.fh. jiyth;

MFKd; gl;lk; jhqgps;isa[ld; ,ize;J fh';fpu!; fl;rpapy;

gzpahw;wpf; bfhz;oUe;jth; vd;gJ kl;Lky;y/ ,ize;J

rpiwthrKk; mDgtpj;jth;. Kd; murpay; cwit gad;gLj;jp

gl;lk; jhqgps;is nerkzpapd; murpay; bry;thf;iff;l;lk; jhqgps;is nerkzpapd; murpay; bry;thf;iff;l;lk; jhqgps;is nerkzpapd; murpay; bry;thf;iff;l;lk; jhqgps;is nerkzpapd; murpay; bry;thf;iff;l;lk; jhqgps;is nerkzpapd; murpay; bry;thf;iff;

Fiwf ;fj ; j pl ;lk pl ;L ej ;jhdpnaiy jp .j .eh .fh .Fiwf ;fj ; j pl ;lk pl ;L ej ;jhdpnaiy jp .j .eh .fh .Fiwf ;fj ; j pl ;lk pl ;L ej ;jhdpnaiy jp .j .eh .fh .Fiwf ;fj ; j pl ;lk pl ;L ej ;jhdpnaiy jp .j .eh .fh .Fiwf ;fj ; j pl ;lk pl ;L ej ;jhdpnaiy jp .j .eh .fh .

fl;rpapypUe;J ,uh$pdhkh bra;a itj;jhh;.fl;rpapypUe;J ,uh$pdhkh bra;a itj;jhh;.fl;rpapypUe;J ,uh$pdhkh bra;a itj;jhh;.fl;rpapypUe;J ,uh$pdhkh bra;a itj;jhh;.fl;rpapypUe;J ,uh$pdhkh bra;a itj;jhh;. nerkzpia

vjph;j;Jj; njh;jypy; nghl;o nghl itj;jhh;. njhy;tpa[w;w

ej;jhdpnay; murpay; Jwtwk; g{z;lhh; .

xi

xU fpwp!;jt ehlhuhd nerkzpapd; jiyikapy;

jpUtpjh';Th; jkpHh; thGk; gFjpfis kPl;f jp.j.eh.fh.jp.j.eh.fh.jp.j.eh.fh.jp.j.eh.fh.jp.j.eh.fh.

t Pueil nghl ;Lr ; brd ;W bfhz;oUe ;jij cah ;t Pueil nghl ;Lr ; brd ;W bfhz;oUe ;jij cah ;t Pueil nghl ;Lr ; brd ;W bfhz;oUe ;jij cah ;t Pueil nghl ;Lr ; brd ;W bfhz;oUe ;jij cah ;t Pueil nghl ;Lr ; brd ;W bfhz;oUe ;jij cah ;

$hj pf ;fhudhd $ Pthde ;je ;jhy ; bghWj ;Jf ; bfhs ;s$hjpf ;fhudhd $ Pthde ;je ;jhy ; bghWj ;Jf ; bfhs ;s$hjpf ;fhudhd $ Pthde ;je ;jhy ; bghWj ;Jf ; bfhs ;s$hjpf ;fhudhd $ Pthde ;je ;jhy ; bghWj ;Jf ; bfhs ;s$hjpf ;fhudhd $ Pthde ;je ;jhy ; bghWj ;Jf ; bfhs ;s

,aytpy;iy.,aytpy;iy.,aytpy;iy.,aytpy;iy.,aytpy;iy. ner kzpbtspapy; ,y;yhj epiyapy; F";"d;

ehlhhpd; cs;Sf;Fs;shy; ciwe;J fple;j jiytuhFk; Miria

Kjyhf;fpj; jd; tiyapy; rpf;f itj;jhh;. tpist[ vd;d> gy

Mz;fs; khz;ldh; - gy bgz;fs; tpjitfshapdh; - gy

gps;isfs; mdhijfshapdh; - gy mg;ghtpfs; Klkhapdh; -

fy;Fsk;/ tpst';nfhLjhYfhf;fs; RLfhlhapd.

ele;J Koe;j Fkup khtl;l tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l tuyhW

ekf;Ff; fw;Wj;jUk; ghlk; vd;d> ek; khdk; - Rje;jpuk; -khdk; - Rje;jpuk; -khdk; - Rje;jpuk; -khdk; - Rje;jpuk; -khdk; - Rje;jpuk; -

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E}y; Fkhp khtl;l bgUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; tpHpj;bjGt[k;E}y; Fkhp khtl;l bgUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; tpHpj;bjGt[k;E}y; Fkhp khtl;l bgUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; tpHpj;bjGt[k;E}y; Fkhp khtl;l bgUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; tpHpj;bjGt[k;E}y; Fkhp khtl;l bgUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; tpHpj;bjGt[k;

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1 $d. 2011 jiyth ;jiyth ;jiyth ;jiyth ;jiyth ;

fd;dpahFkhp tsh;r ;rp Ma;t[kd;wk;fd;dpahFkhp tsh;r ;rp Ma;t[kd;wk;fd;dpahFkhp tsh;r ;rp Ma;t[kd;wk;fd;dpahFkhp tsh;r ;rp Ma;t[kd;wk;fd;dpahFkhp tsh;r ;rp Ma;t[kd;wk;

xii

mzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiu

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tUtJjhd; tuyhw;W Ma;t[.

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ehL vd;W mwpag;gl;l ,d;iwa fd;dpahFkup khtl;lj;jpd;

kiwe;j tuyhw;W cz;ikfis kpf bjspthf tuyhw;W

Ma;thsu; ,se;njhl;lk; F. RFkhwd; mth;fs; ,e;E}ypy;

btspg;gLj;jpa[s;shh;fs;.

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te;j uhkth;kht[k; jkpHh;fSf;F tpnuhjkhf jpzpf;fg;gl;l 110

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gw;wpa[k; tphpthf tpsf;fpa[s;shh; E}y; Mrpupah;.

Fkhpj;je;ij khu;#y; nerkzp mth;fs; jpUtpjh';Th;

jkpH;ehL fh';fpuir cUthf;fpajw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk;/ ,e;jpah

tpLjiy bgw;Wk; Fkhp jkpHh;fSf;F kiyahspfsplkpUe;J

tpLjiy fpilf;fhjjhy;jhd;mjw;fhf jpU. nerkzp mth;fs;

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beUf;Fjy; Fwpj;Jk; Ma;thsh; tpsf;fpa[s;shh;.

Fkupj;je;ij nerkzpapd; "hdk;/ mwpt[/ g[j;jpf;Tu;ik/

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jh;zh/ mjd; gpd; gl;lk; jhqgps;isapd; tPH;r;rp kw;Wk;

jpU. nerkzpapd; uh$ je;jpuk;/ btw;wpapd; ,ufrpa';fs;

Mfpait ,e;E}ypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

xiii

Fkhpj; je;ij nerkzpf;F vjpuhf bray;gl;l jpU. fhkuh$;/

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cz;ikfis btspr;rkpLtjw;F mtuhy; Koe;Js;sJ vd;nw Tw

ntz;Lk;. ,e;j nghuhl;l';fisf; Fwpj;J mwpe;J bfhs;s ,ayhj

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tps';FfpwJ. midtUk; mtrpak; gof;f ntz;oa E}yhFk;.

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§Vô¡ C. ÏUôWRôvRûXYo

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xiv

èu ØLm“GeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôo” Gu\ÜPu GYÚûPV ®ÓRûXl

úTôo Guß ®]Yj úRôuß¡\RpXYô? Bm, CÕ GeLs Cß§®ÓRûXlúTôo BÏm. JÚ JÓdLlThP NØRôVj§u NêL NØRôVAW£Vp Utßm ùTôÚ[ôRôW ®ÓRûX úYi¥ SPjRlThP Cß§lúTôoBÏm. 1947 ØRp 1956 YûW ùRu§Ú®Rôeá¬p Nôuú\ôo (SôPôo)NØRôVm- ¡±vRY SôPôoLÞm, CkÕ SôPôoLÞm-CûQkÕ§Ú®Rôeáo RªrSôÓ Lôe¡Wv Gu\ úTôoûY«p SPjRlThPúTôûWúV “GeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôo” Guß Ï±l©Ó¡ú\u. CkRlCß§ úTô¬u ùYt±«u AûPVô[úU Cuû\V Lu²VôÏU¬UôYhPm. Rôû]j RûXYu ÏU¬jRkûR Uôo`p A. úSNU¦AYoL°u Xh£Vl úTôoRôu CkR ¿iP úTôo. UûXVô°L°uB§dLl ©¥«-ÚkÕ, ùRu§Ú®Rôeáo RªZoL[ô¡V SôPôoUdLû[ ®Ó®jÕ, Rônj RªZLjÕPu CûQjR YWXôtû\®YWUôLÜm, ®¬YôLÜm CkR è-p RWlTÓ¡\Õ. Ød¡VUôLCû[V NØRôVm A±kÕ ùLôsYRtLôL CkèûXj RÚYÕG]Õ LPûU G]d LÚ§ U¡rf£VûP¡ú\u.

®ÓRûXûVl ùTßYRtÏ SôPôo NØRôVm TX Cu]pLû[HtL úYi¥ YkRÕ. GqY[úYô E«oT-Ls, úTôÄv AjÕ Á\pLs,£û\©¥l×Ls, £û\d ùLôÓûULs, UdL[ûY SPY¥dûLLs,¿§Uu\ YZdÏLs, ¨§ ùSÚdL¥Ls úTôu\ Aû]jûRÙm®[YeúLôÓ Utßm LpÏ[m UdLs, Ï±lTôL SôPôo UdLsUhÓúU G§oùLôiP]o. Cq®Ú RôÛLô UdLs ÑUôo 188 SôhLsSWL YôrdûL YôrkR ©\úL ûUão EVo¿§Uu\j§p CYoLÞdÏ®ÓRûX ¡ûPjRÕ. CkR ÕVW YWXôtû\ Auß GYÚm T§ÜùNnVôRRôp NkRolTYô§L[ô] EVo_ô§«]o AûR Uû\dLÜm,§¬dLÜm, §ÚPÜm ØVÛ¡u\]o. SôeLs Rôu “ØR-p”, “ùRôPdLj§p”,Guù\pXôm ùTôn YWXôßLû[l ×û]kR]o. C§p ØRtûL GÓjRYo,Lu²VôÏU¬ UôYhP 'gazetteer' I RªZL AW£u Nôo©p RVôoùNnÕ 13-01-1995-p ùY°«hP §Ú. M. úLôTôX ¡ÚxQu BYôo.AYûWj ùRôPokÕ A±Yo. t±. TZ² YûW CjùRô¯ûX RdLØRt¨ûX BYQeL°u RôeL-u± ùRôPokR]o-ùRôPo¡u\]o.CjRÚQj§p Uôo`p G. úSNU¦«u YXÕ LWUôLÜm, CPÕ

xv

LWUôLÜm ̈ uß úTôoL[j§p ùNVpThP §Ú. G. AlÕp WNôd “úSNU¦JÚ N¬j§Wj §ÚlTm” Gu\ §.R.Sô.Lô. úTôWôhP YWXôtû\ T§ÜùNnRôo. CRtÏ ØuûL GÓjÕ, AkèûX T§l©jR ùTÚûUA±Yo Ø. BpTuv SjRô²úVp, Gm.H. ,Gm.©p. ,©Gf.¥ .

AYoLû[úVf NôÚm. GUÕ Su±LXkR TôWôhÓdLû[ AYÚdÏLô¦dûLVôd¡d ùLôs¡ú\u.

G]Õ CkèÛm §Ú. G. AlÕp WNôd¡u èûX BRôWUôLdùLôiÓ EÚYôdLlThÓs[Õ Gu\ôÛm, AYo NôûP UôûPVôLGÝ§«Úd¡u\ £X ̈ Lrf£L°u ©u]¦ Utßm EiûULû[AlT¥úV ùY°fNªhÓd Sôu Lôh¥Ùsú[u. Hù]²p CkR®NVeLs Aû]jÕm Sôu A±kRûYLs BÏm. 1947-pCÚkÕ CkR CVdLj§p G]dÏ DÓTôÓ EiÓ. 12-02-1948Auß UûXVô°l úTôÄv UeLôh¥p §Ú. úRYNLôVmSôPôûWÙm, 14-02-1948 Auß ̧ rÏ[j§p §Ú. ùNpûXnVuSôPôûWÙm ÑhÓd ùLôu\ûR Li¥jÕ Ïu]jç¬pLiP]dáhPm SPkRÕ. Sôàm £X Ts° SiToLÞPuùRôÓYh¥«p CÚkÕ §.R.Sô.Lô ùLô¥ûV ©¥jÕ FoYXUôLAeúL ùNuú\ôm. Auß ùRôhÓ 1956 SYmTo ØRp SôsYûW CkR CVdLj§p G]dÏ DÓTôÓ Es[Rôp TXEiûULû[ úSW¥VôL A±kRYu Gu\ ̈ ûX«p, AûYLû[Ckèp Y¯ ùY°lTÓj§Ùsú[u.

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CkèûX GÝÕYRtÏ TX SiToLs G]dÏ FdLmRkR]o. AYoL°p Ød¡VUô]YoLs A±Yo ¥. ÀhPo AYoLÞm,Au]ôWÕ Uû]® A±Yo §ÚU§ I® ÀhPo AmûUVôÚm BYo.R®WÜm CkèÛdÏ ®¬Yô] A¦kÕûWÙm AYo RkÕs[ôo.AYoLÞdÏ G]Õ U]UôokR Su±. ÏU¬ UôYhP ®ÓRûXj§Vô¡Ls RûXûUf NôeLj RûXYo. §Vô¡ C. ÏUôWRôvAYoLÞm CkèÛdÏ A¦kRûW YZe¡ Guû]f£\l©jÕs[ôoLs. Au]ôÚdÏm G]Õ Su±.

xvi

CkèÛdÏ AhûPûV Y¥YûUjÕ AfúNt±AuT°lTôL A°jR “NØRôVf £kRû]" UôR CR¯u B£¬Vo¥. ÀhPo AYoLÞdÏ E[m L²kR Su±. G]Õ CjRûLVT¦LÞdÏ ¨§ÙR® ×¬kÕ YÚ¡u\ ÏXúNLWm Dr. S. _v¥uùTôuRômNu AYoLÞdÏm G]Õ Su± E¬jRôÏL.

ùRôPdL ̈ ûX«p CÚkÕ CkèûX N¬TôojÕ CXdLQl©ûZ Utßm GÝjÕl ©ûZLû[ §Új§ èÛdÏ £\l× úNojRG]Õ SiTÚm úTWô£¬VÚm, SôLoúLô®p vLôh ¡±vRYdLpí¬ Øu]ôs ØRpYÚUô] §Ú. S. ù_n£e, AYoLÞdÏmG]Õ Su±. 11-8-1954 Auß ×ÕdLûP«p UûXVô[l úTôÄNôoSPj§V ÕlTôd¡f ãh¥-ÚkÕ E«o Rl©V ûTeÏ[m§Ú. úT¬uTSôVLm AYoLs TX ùNn§Lû[ G]dÏj RkRôoLs.Au]ôÚdÏm G]Õ Su±.

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CÕ YûW«Ûm ùY°YWôR £X EiûULû[ Ckè-pRkÕsú[u. CR]ôp GkR STûWÙm ApXÕ NØRôVjûRÙmApXÕ AûUl×Lû[Ùm £ßûUTÓjR úYiÓm GuTÕ G]ÕúSôdLUpX. CR]ôp VôÚdLôYÕ U]jRôeLp GÝUô«u,AdLÚjÕdLû[ RdL NôußLÞPú] UßlTRô«u AûYLû[§Új§dùLôsYRtÏ Sôu RVeLUôhúPu. G]dÏj ùR¬kRAû]jÕ EiûULû[Ùm T§Ü ùNnÕ NØRôVj§u C[YpLÞdÏjRWúYi¥V UôùTÚm ùTôßlûT ùNqYú] ̈ û\úYt±Ùsú[uGu\ U] ¨û\úYôÓ CûR ¨û\Ü ùNn¡ú\u.

SôLoúLô®p - 3. C[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\uC[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\uC[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\uC[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\uC[kúRôhPm Ï. ÑÏUô\u12-01-2011. B£¬Vo

xvii

GeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôoGeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôoGeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôoGeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôoGeLs ®ÓRûXl úTôo

1. 200 Mz]LfSf]F Kd;1. 200 Mz]LfSf]F Kd;1. 200 Mz]LfSf]F Kd;1. 200 Mz]LfSf]F Kd;1. 200 Mz]LfSf]F Kd; :

15.08.1947-y] ,e]jpah xU Rje]jpu ehlhapw]W. kf]fs]

gpujpepjpfs] Ml]rpg] bghWg]ig Vw]wdh]. vy]nyhUk] ,e]ehl]L

kd]dh]fs] vd]w epiy cUthfpapUe]jJ. mjdhy] kf]fs]

kfpH]e ]jpUe]jdh] . Mdhy] bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] kl]Lk]

bgUthupahd ehlhh] kf]fs] mt]thW kfpH]e]jpUf]ftpy]iy.

fhuzk] kiyahsp muR mj]jifa xU ey]yhl]rpia jkpH;

kf]fSf]Fj] jUtjw]F kdkpy]yhjpUe]jJ. 07.01.1948 md]W

Rkhh] 300-f]Fk] nkw;g;gl;l kiyahs jdpg]gpupt[ nghyPrhh]

bjd]jpUtpjh';Th ] / tpst';nfhL tl]lk ] / kor ]ry] vd]w

rpw]W}upy] midj]J tPLfspYk] g[Fe]J Mz]/ bgz]/ Kjpnahh]

Mfpnahiu kpUfj]jdkhf moj]J cijj]jdh] . ,jw]F

fhuzk] ehah ] rKjhaj]jhh ] ehlhh ] rKjhaj]jpd] kPJ

bfhz]oUe]j fhH]g ]g [zh]t[ kl]Lnk. ,th]fs] midtUk]

Fkupj ] je]ij khh ]#y] v. nerkzpapd] jkpHh ] tpLjiy

,af]fkhd “jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] ehL fh';fpu!]” mgpkhdpfs].

mLj]j ehs]/ mjhtJ 08.01.1948 md]W rpy ,af]fj ]

njhHh]fSld] jpU.v.nerkzp mth]fs] ,e]j kor]ry] CUf]Fr]

brd]W m';nf fz]l nfhuf ] fhl ]r pfisf] Fwpj ]J

gj]jpupiffSf]F mwpf]if jUfpwhh;. fhz]f:

“I visited Madichal and the surrounding villages on 8thJanuary 1948. I had an occasion to witness heart – rendingscenes reminiscent of what our fore fathers suffered ahundred and fifty years ago at the hands of the Nairs anda Nair government”.(A. Nesamony – Inside Travancore Tamil Nad– 1948 – Page 16)

1 C[kúRôhPm

2 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

jpUtpjh';Th] tuyhw]wpy] 1948-y] ,Ue]J 150 tUl';fs]

gpd]ndhf]fpg] gazk] bra]jhy] mJ kd]dh] ghyuhkth]khtpd]

(1798-1811) Ml]rp fhyj]jpy] brd]W epw]Fk]. ,tuJ Ml]rpf]

fhyj]jpy]jhd] jyf]Fsk] ntYj]jk]gp vd]gth] jpUtpjh';TUf]F

jsthahf (01.02.1801 to 08.04.1809) ,Ue]jhh]. ,th] jyf]Fsk]

ehah] jwthl]ilr] nrh]e]j xU bgUk] epyf]fpHhh] Mthh]. bjd]

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpHh]fs] kPJ Fwpg]ghf ehlhh] rKjhaj]jpd]

kPJ ,th] fl]ltpH]j]J tpl]l bfhL';nfhd]ikfisf; fUj]jpy]

bfhz]L/ jpU. nerkzp ,e]jf] fhy msitf] Fwpg]gpl]lhh]

vd]W fUjyhk]. Mdhy] ,r]rKjhaj]jpd] Jau']fs] kd]dh]

khh]j]jhz]lth]khtpd] Ml]rpf; fhyj]jpy] (1729-1758) bjhlf]fk]

fz]lJ vd]gJ tuyhw]W cz]ik.

“jpUtpjh';Th]” vd]bwhU ehL cUthdnj 1750-y]

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,Ue]jJ. ,e]ehL bfhy]yk] bjhl]L jpUtde]jg[uj]jpw]F

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jiyikaplk] bfhy]yk] MFk]. ntzhL/ ,uz]lhk] nrug]

nguurpd] xU FW epykhft[k ] ,Ue]jJ. nruh ]fSf]Fk]/

nrhHh]fSf]Fk] fp.gp. 998 Kjy] 1102 tiu ele]j E}w]whz]Lg]

nghupy] nru ehL rpjwpg] nghapw]W. mjw]Fg] gpwnf ntzhL xU

Rje]jpu ehlhapw]W. nru ehl]od] Kot[f]Fg] gpwF cUthd

murpay] jpUg]g';fshy] nru ehl]oy] v";rpa mur FLk]gKk]/

ntzhl]od] mur FLk]g';fSk]/ Ma]ehl]od] mur FLk]g';fSk]

xU';fpize]J jpUKjh';nfhl ]il jiyikaplkhff]

bfhz]L (,d]iwa nfusg[uk]) “jpUKjh';nfhL” vd]w bgaupy]

Ml]rp elj]jpdh]. ,e]j jpUKjh';nfhnl gpw]fhyj]jpy] mfz]l

jpUtpjh';Th] (kd]dh] khh]j]jhz]lth]kh fhyj]jpy]) MdJ.

kd]dh] khh]j]jhz]l th]kh (1729-1758) ntzhl]od] mur gjtpapy]

mkUtjw]F mtuJ cw]w njhHdhd mde]jgj]kehgd]

ehlhUk]/ kw]Wk] 108 fsup Mrhd]fSk] (ehlhh] Mrhd]fs])

Jiz epd]wdh ] . ,th ]fsJ Jizahy] kl ]Lnk md]W

khh]j]jhz]l th]kDf]F vjpuhf muR fl]oYf]fhd cupikg]

nghuhl ]lj ]jpy ] <Lgl ]oUe]j gg ]g [j ]jk ]g p kw ]Wk] ,uhkd]

jk]gpkhh]fisa[k]/ mth;fSf;Fj; Jizahf epd;W bray;gl;l

vl]L tPl]Lg] gps]isfs] kw]Wk] khlk]gpfisa[k] (midtUk]

ehah] ehL thHpfSk]/ gpuKfh]fSkhth;) rk]fhuk] bra]J

mupaiz Vw]wg]gl]lhh].

i. tupr]Rikfstupr]Rikfstupr]Rikfstupr]Rikfstupr]Rikfs] ] ] ] ] :

MapDk] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] kf]fspd] Jauk]/

Fwpg]ghf ehlhh] kf]fs] nky] Vw]wg]gl]l gy]ntW Ef';fs] ,e]j

kd]duhy] jhd] cz]lhapw]W. ehl]L tpupthf]fj]jhy] cUthd

epjp beUf]foia eptph ;j;jp bra]tjw]bfd Kjd] Kjyhf

,j]jkpH] kf]fs] kPJ jiytup (Poll Tax) vd]w Ml] bfhy]yp

tupiar] Rkj]jpdhh] khh]j]jhz]l tu]kh.

“Head Tax (Thalavari) was imposed in AD 1751 (M.E.926) byRamyyan Dalava (Prime Minister) when king MarthandaVarma was the ruler. To replenish the treasury exhausted bythe constant wars waged by rulers a tax was levied on thelower castes between the age 16 to 60. (C.R. Mitra -SreeNarayanaguru & Social Revolution – 1979 Page 87)

,tUf]Fg ] g pwF gjtpf ]F te]j kd]dh ] uhkth ]kh

(jh]kuh$h) fhyj]jpYk] a[j]j tupa[k]/ brhj]J tupa[k] kf]fs]

kPJ kPz]Lk] jpzpf]fg]gl]ld.

ehl]L kd]diuj] bjhlh]e]J $d]kpfSk]/ ehLthHpfSk]

gy]ntW tupfis mth]fspd] fhuhsh]fsplkpUe]J tR{ypf]fj]

bjhl';fpdh]. rKjha tuyhw]W Mrpupauhd v. rpuPjunkdd]

3 C[kúRôhPm

jUfpd]w tptug]go/ tupapy]yhj epfH]r]rpfs] jpUtpjh';Tupy]

,y]iybad]nw Twyhk].

“The feudal levies extracted by the landlords from the tenantswere innumerable. The latter had to make payments for theconduct of marriages and pay taxes on houses, looms, oilmills, boats, nets, etc. The construction of two storied or tiledhouses, riding in Palanquins, using head gear or umbrellawith handle, growing mustaches, etc, required specificpermission from the chieftain on payment of a prescribedfee. Even the use of certain types of fine clothes and ornamentswas allowed by the chieftain on payment of a prescribedfee. The chieftain received Kazhacha or presents fromthe tenants on such occasions as weddings, births, deaths,opening of new palaces, festivals, etc. (Sreedhara Menon– Social and Cultural History of Kerala – Page 78)

,ijtplf] bfhLikahdit bgz]fspd] e Pz]l

jiyKof]Fk]/ khh]gf';fSf]Fk] (Breast) tpjpf]fg]gl]l tupfshFk].

“Another Tax levied on the backward classes was thebreast tax. Young ladies aged between 16 and 35 had topay this tax”. (C.R. Mitra – Sree Narayanaguru andSocial Revolution – 1979 – Page 87)

Mdhy] ,e]j tupfspypUe]J ehau ]fSk]/

gpuhkzh]fSk]/ khg ]gps]is ,dj]jhh ] kw]Wk] bfh';fzp

gpuhkzh]fSk] tpyf]fg]gl]oUe]jdh].

“Nairs, Mapillas and Konkanies were exempted”.

“In the beginning the Brahmins were totally exempted fromtaxation perfectly in accordance with the injunctions ofthe moral code” (The Manu). (Ibid – Pages 87 to 88)

4 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,j]jifa tupfisbay]yhk] kf ]fsplj]jpypUe]J

tR{y] bra]tjw]fhf ehah] gpujhdpfis muR epakpj]jpUe]jJ.

tWikapy ] tho te ]j ,e ]j mth ]zh ]fsplj ]j pypUe ]J

tupfis tR{y] bra]tjw]F gy]ntW Kiwfis ,th]fs]

ifahz]ldh]. bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] Fwpg]ghf bea]ahw]wpd]fiu/

tpst';nfhL/ fy]Fsk]/ Fsr]ry]/ mf!]jP!]tuk] nghd]w

mjpfhu' ;fspy ] bgUthupahf thH ]e ]j kf ]fs] ehlhh ]

kf]fnsahth]. kf]fs] bjhifapy] ,th]fs] 80 tpGf]fhlhth].

kw]w r\f';fshd ehah]fs]/ gpuhkzh]fs]/ bts]shsh]fs]/

giwah]fs]/ g[iyah]fs] kw]Wk] kPdth]fs] rpWghd]ikapdh]

Mth]. MapDk] ehah]fSk]/ gpuhkzh]fSk]/ bts]shsh]fSk]

kw]wth]fs] kPJ Mjpf]fk] brYj]jp td] bfhLikfs] g[upe]J

te]jdh].

ii. rKjha td]bfhLikfs] rKjha td]bfhLikfs] rKjha td]bfhLikfs] rKjha td]bfhLikfs] rKjha td]bfhLikfs] :

jtput [k ] ,e ]J rKjhaj ] bjhlu py ] Kjd]ik

,lj]jpypUf]Fk] gpuhkzh]fs] (ek]g{jphpfs])/ ehah]fs] nghd]nwhh]

j Pz ]lhik/ fhzhik/ elthik nghd ]w rKjhaf ]

fl]Lg]ghLfis/ ,e]Jrkaf; fPH] rhjpapdUf]F tpjpj]jpUe]jdh].

“The caste rules operated in the most irrational manner.The triple social evil of untouchability, unapproachability, andunseeability was observed by people at all levels of Hindu Society….The prescribed distance for some of the castes was as follows:-

Kammalas - 24 ftEzhavas - 36 ftKanakkan, etc - 48 ftPulayan - 64 ftUllatan - 72 ft

(A. Sreedhara Menon – Social, Cultural History of Kerala – Page 66 & 68)

5 C[kúRôhPm

Mdhy] Rev: Samuel Mateer, rw]W ntWghl]Lldhd

unapprochability iaj] jUfpwhh].

“A Nair, for example, may approach, but must not touch aNamboodiri Brahmin. A Shanar must remain thirty six pacesoff, and a Pulaya slave must stay at ninety six paces …. aShanar must remain twelve steps away from a Nair, a Pulayansixty six steps and so on”. (Land of Charity – Page 32)

,itfSf]F g [wk ]ghf eh"]rpy ] ehl ]L bts]shg ]

gz]izfs] filg]g poj ]J te]j Kiwfs] td]kj]jdk]

epiwe]jjhff] fhzg]gLfpd;wd.

“Some historians especially the communists, state that inmany parts of Kerala custom prevailed that a poor tenantwhen married, his better half should be dedicated in thefirst night for the sexual gratification of the Land Lord”.(C.R. Mitra – Sree Narayanaguru – Page 83)

tup juhjtu;fspd; ePz;l Te;jypy; mk;kpf; FHtpia

fl;oj; bjh';ftpLth;. ,t]thW td]bfhLikj] jz]lid

fisbay]yhk] ehlhh] r\fj]jhh] kPJ jpUtpjh';Th] muR

fl]ltpH]j ]J tpl ]oUe;jJ. Rkhh ; 110 tpjkhd tupfis

,t]tpdj]jhh ] k PJ Rkj]jp mth ]fspd] thH]f ]ifia

miyf]fHpj]jdh] kiyahsp ehah]fSk]/ mth]fsJ muRk].

,f]bfhLikfspypUe]J tpLjiy ntz]o gy]yhz]L fhyk]

V';fpf] fple]jJ ,r]rKjhak]. Mdhy] mth]fis md;W

tpLtpg]gjw]F ahUk] fsk] ,w';ftpy]iy/ Kd] tutpy]iy.

,ij tplg] bgupa bfhLik vd]dbtdpy]/ "CHpak;" vd]w

bfhj]joik KiwahFk]. ehlhh] r\fj]ijr] rhh]e ]j

Mz]fSk]/ bgz]fSk]/ FHe]ijfSk]. nkl;Lf]FoapdUf]F

(gpuhkzh]fs]/ ehah]fs]/ bts]shsh]fs]) Cjpakpy]yhJ/

6 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

mth]fs] MizapLfpd]w ntiyfs] midj]ija[k ;

kWj]Jiuf]fhky]/ tPl]Lg] gzpfs] kw]Wk] njhl]lg] gzpfisr]

bra]a ntz]Lk]. ,e]jg] gzpf]F Cjpak] bfhLf]fg]glkhl]lhJ.

kj]jpahdk] xU ntis f";rp bfhLg]ghh]fs]. ,jdhy] fhiy

czt[/ ,ut[ czt[f]F tHpapy]yhky] ,th]fspd] FLk]gk] gl]odpr]

rht[fis re]jpf]f ntz]Lk] vd]gnj tpjp. ,e]j gl]odpg]gpoapype]J

tpLgLtjw]fhf gy E}w]whz]L fhyk] ,r]rKjhak] V';fpf]

fple]jJ. ,jpypUe]J mth]fis tpLtpg]gjw]F md]W ahUk] Kd]

tutpy]iy. vdnt mth]fspd] ml]?Hpa';fSf]F msnt

,y]yhky] nghapw]W. j';fs] moikfis kpUf';fis tplf]

nftykhft[k]/ bfh?ukhft[k] elj]jpdh]. eh";rpy] ehl]L

bts]shsh]fspd] bfhL';nfhd]ik Fwpj]J bgah] mwpag]glhj

xU epkpl ftp ,t]thW vGJfpwhh].

“jhHf]Foapy] igutDk]/ jkpH]j] nj+hpy] re]jpuDk]/

fsk] bgUj]j ey]Y}h] – FWk]gd] mz";r bgUkhSk]

ehisapth]fs] jiy bjwpf]fpd] – ed]wha] thGk]

eh";rpy] ehnl”. (ghh]f]f Mrpupahpd]/ nruh] tuyhWk]/ghh]f]f Mrpupahpd]/ nruh] tuyhWk]/ghh]f]f Mrpupahpd]/ nruh] tuyhWk]/ghh]f]f Mrpupahpd]/ nruh] tuyhWk]/ghh]f]f Mrpupahpd]/ nruh] tuyhWk]/

kf]fs] thH]tpaYk] kf]fs] thH]tpaYk] kf]fs] thH]tpaYk] kf]fs] thH]tpaYk] kf]fs] thH]tpaYk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 474)

,e]j igutdpd] tay] ntiyf]Fr ] xUehs;

bry]yhkypUe]j epiwkhj fh]g]gpzpg] bgz] moikia ,Gj]J

te]J Vupy] xU gf]fk] g{l]o tay] cGjdh]. ,f]bfhLik

jh';fhJ mg]bgz]kzp RUz]L tpGe]J caph] ePj]j epfH]r]rp

eh";rpy] ehl]L bts]shsh]fspd] fod be";Rf]F rhd]whFk].

(mnj g[j]jfk] - gf]f';fs] 474 - 475)

jpUtde]jg[uj]ij mLj]j jpUkiy muRj; njhl]lj]jpy]

gzpahsdhfpa njtrfhak] ehlhh] Jzpe]J/ mjpfhupfsplk]

“ntiyf]F Typ ntz]Lk]” vd]W Fuy] vGg]gpdhh]. jpUtpjh';Th;

tuyhw;wpy ; ntiyf;Ff; Typ ntz;Lk; mJt[k ; gzkhf

7 C[kúRôhPm

ntz;Lk; vd;W Kjw;Fuy; vGg;gpa bgUik ,e;j njtrfhak;

ehlhUf;nf chpj;jhdJ. Mdhy] Typf]Fg] gjpyhf mth] caph]

gwpf]fg]gl]lJ. (ghh]f]f Mrphpahpd] (ghh]f]f Mrphpahpd] (ghh]f]f Mrphpahpd] (ghh]f]f Mrphpahpd] (ghh]f]f Mrphpahpd] – jpUtpjh';Tupy] rhjid jpUtpjh';Tupy] rhjid jpUtpjh';Tupy] rhjid jpUtpjh';Tupy] rhjid jpUtpjh';Tupy] rhjid

gilj]j rhd]nwhh]fs] gilj]j rhd]nwhh]fs] gilj]j rhd]nwhh]fs] gilj]j rhd]nwhh]fs] gilj]j rhd]nwhh]fs] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 16)))))

2. Efj;jofs; cile;jd2. Efj;jofs; cile;jd2. Efj;jofs; cile;jd2. Efj;jofs; cile;jd2. Efj;jofs; cile;jd :

,j]jifa bfhLikfSf]bfy]yhk] tpot[ fhyk]

tuhjh vd]W fhyk] fhy';fshf fy';fp epd]wth]fSf]F md]W

tpLjiy fpilj]jJ. Mk] gj ]bjhd]gjhk] E}w ]whz]od]

bjhlf]f ehl]fspy] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] kapyhoapy] rPh]jpUj]jf;

fpwp!]jt kp#dhp fdk] wp';fy]bjsng Iah; 1806-y] fhy]

gjpj]jhh]. (25.04.1806) rPh]jpUj]jr] rkag] gzpa[lnd M';fpyf]

fy]tpiaa[k]/ jkpH] fy]tpiaa[k] xLf]fg]gl]l kf]fSf]F mth]

Kjd; Kiwahf mspj]jhh]. ,tiuj] bjhlh]e]J bwtwz]L

rhh ]y!] kPL Iah] fhyj]jpy] ehlhh ] kf]fs] flyiy vd

rhiurhiuahfr ; r Ph ]jpUj]j fpwp!]jtj]ij tupj ]Jf]

bfhz]ldh]. ,jdhy] mth]fSf]F nkny Fwpg]gpl]oUf]fpd]w

tupfspypUe]Jk] rKjha ,Lf]fz]fspypUe]Jk] epue]ju kPl]g[f;

fpilj]jJ. ,e]j tpLjiyapd]ghy] ,k]kf]fs] fy]tpapYk]/

bghUshjhuj]jpYk]/ rKjha me]j!]jpYk] cah;tile]jdh].

,e]j tpLjiyfspd] tptu';fs] Fwpj]J tpupthf mwptjw]F

tpUk]g[fpwth]fs] mwpth] jpUkjp. Itp gPl]lh] kw]Wk] mwpth]. o. gPl]lh]

mth]fshy] vGjg]gl ]l “rkaj] bjhz]lh ]fSk]/ rKjha

kWkyh]r]rpa[k]” vd]w E}iyg; goj]J bjsptile]J bfhs]syhk].

,th]fs] mDgtpj]J te]j bfhLikfSf]F vy]yhk]

nkyhd bfhLik, kf]fspd] Mil my';fhu';fSf]F ,Ue]j

jilahFk]. jhH]j]jg]gl]l rKjha Mz]fSk] bgz]fSk]

Kl]Lf]F fPH] ePSfpd]w Mil mzpaf]TlhJ. bgz]fisg]

bghWj]jkl]oy] ,Lg]g[f]F nky]/ Mil mzpe]J khh]gf';fis

8 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kiwf]ff] TlhJ. ,J bfhLikapy]iyah> ek]g{jpupfs] Kd]g[

ehah]fSk]/ bts]shsh]fSk] khh]g[fis kiwf]fhky] jhd]

epw]f ntz]Lk] vd]W kDit Kd] epWj]jpf] TWth]. ,th]fs]

midth] Kd]g[k] jhH]j]jg]gl]lth]fs] nkyhil mzpe]J epw]ff]

TlhJ. bgz]fs] ,Lg]gpy] jz]zPh ] Flk] Ve]jpr ] bry]y

jilapUe]jJ. jz;zPh; Flj;ijj; jiynky] itj]J ,uz]L

iffshy] jh';fpg] gpoj]J Rke]J bry]y ntz]Lk]. mg]nghJ

jhd] ,sk] e';ifaupd] bfh';iffis mth]fshy]

fz;L urpf ]f Koa[khk] . ,t;thW jhH]j ]jg ]gl ]l kf ]fs]

khd';bfl]l thH]t [ thH]e ]J bfhz]oUe]jdh] vd]gjw]F

,itfs] midj]Jk] rhd]WfshFk].

,j]jifa ,Hpt[ ehfuPf';fis vjph]j]J jpUtpjh';Thpy]

Kjy] Fuy] bfhLj]J/ kWkyh]r ]rpg ]nghh ] elj]jpaJ bjd]

jpUtpjh';Thpy] thH]fpd]w rPh]j]jpUj]j fpwp!]jt ehlhh]fs]

kl]Lnk. cil vd]gJ xUtUf]F jd]dk]gpf]ifiaf] bfhLf]Fk]

tp#ak] vd]gjhy]/ kp#dwpfspd] gpd] Jiza[ld] mij

mzpe]J bfhz]ldh] ehlhh] Fyg;bgz]fs]. ,ij mzptjw]F

murpd] Kd] mDkjpnah/ cah] rKjhaj]jpd] ,irnth

mth ]fs] nfl ]ftpy ]iy. jtput [k ] k p#dwpfs] mspj ]j

M';fpyf] fy]tpahy] ntiy tha]g]g[fs] gy bgw]w ehlhh]fs]

bghUshjhuj]jpYk; tsh]e]J nky] rhjpapdUf]F CHpak]/

tpUj]jp nghd]w ,ytr ntiyfs] bra]tija[k]/ mth]fSf]F

mo gzpe]J bry]tija[k] Jzpe]J epWj]jptpl]ldh].

j';fisa[k] kp";Rk] mstpw]F ehlhh]fs] tsh]e ]J

tpl ]lijf] fz]L vhpr ]ryile]j nky] rhjpapdh ]

“new]W tiu ek]Knl tPl]od]nw tlf]F g[wj]J te]E

gl ]ilapy] f";rp th';fpf ] For ;r < rhzhd]khh ]

,d]E ek]ik nrhj]jpak] bra]a[e]eij rfpf]fhd] itah.

mJ bfhz]L ,tiua[k ] / mtd]khh ]f ]F Cf]fk]

9 C[kúRôhPm

jUe]e kprpdwp fGntwpfisa[k ] / mtd]khUnl

gs]spf ]Tl';fisa[k ] rhh ]r ]Rfisa[k ] j Papl ]L

vupf]fqk]”. (kiyahsk]/ jkpHpy])

,j]jifa rpe]jid jhd] ,e]jf; fyfj]Jf]F Kf]fpa

fhuzk] vd]W jpUtpjh';TUf]F M';fpy murpd] gpujpepjpahf

md;W ,Ue]j b$dwy] fy]yd] gpug[ kjpuhrp muR Kjd]ik

brayUf]F vGJfpwhh]:-

“…… I was frequently visited by large number ofproprietors, complaining bitterly that they lost the servicesof their slaves on Sundays and that slaves had in otherrespects proved very refractory. Another subject of irritationhas been the exception on the part of all shanars attachedto the Mission of Ooliyam duties on Sundays, and fromwork connected with Hindoo festivals or places of worship”.

(Letter of W. Cullen, the Resident dated 16.02.1859 toThomas Pycroft, Chief Secretary to Govt. (Madraspresidency) appendix 14 Liberation of the Oppressedby Dr. D. Peter – Page 152)

vdnt cah] ,dj]jth ]fs; vd;fpd;w ehah ]fs] /

ek]g{jpupfs]/ bts]shsh]fs] nghd]nwhh;/ rhzhh] bgz]fs]

ehfuPf cil mzpe]J gfpu';fkhf re]ijbtspfSf]Fk]/

njthya';fSf]Fk] brd]wikahy] mth]fspd] wtpf]ifiaa[k]/

nkyhiliaa[k] gpoj]jpGj]J fpHpj ]jdh]. ,jdhy] bjd]

jpUtpjh';Thpy] ehah]fSf]Fk]/ rhzhh]fSf]Fk] rKjhag]

nghh] bjhl';fpw]W. 1822-y] bjhl';fg]gl]l ,e]j cupikg] nghh]

1859-y] btw]wp bgw]wJ. ,e]j nghuhl]lj]ij jpUtpjh';Tupy]

‘rhzhh] yfis’ my]yJ ‘People’s Revolt’ my]yJ ‘njhs]

rPiyg] nghuhl]lk]’ my]yJ “rhd]nwhh] kf]fs] g[ul]rp” vd]W

10 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

tuyhw]W Mrpupah ]fs] th ]zpj ]jdh] . ,jdhy] fpwp!]jt

ehlhh]fs] rKjha tpLjiy mile]jhYk]/ nky] rhjpapdhpd]

beUf]Fjy]fshy] ,th]fsJ Jau';fs; kPz]Lk] bjhlh]e]j

tz]zkpUe]jd. tha]g]g[ fpilf]Fk] nghbjy]yhk] ,th]fs]

Kl]o nkhjpf] bfhz]ldh]. ,J Fwpj]J nkYk] tptu';fs]

mwpe]J bfhs]s ntz]Lk] vd]why] jypj] ge]J N.K.n$h!]

vGjpa “rhe ]ehh ] yfsrhe ]ehh ] yfsrhe ]ehh ] yfsrhe ]ehh ] yfsrhe ]ehh ] yfs” vd]w kiyahs E}iyg; goj]J

bjsptile]J bfhs]S';fs]. ,e]E}iyg; Mrpupah] “jpUtpjh';Tupy]

rhd]nwhh] kf]fs] g[ul]rp” vd]W jkpHhf]fk] bra]Js]shh].

3. Rje]jpu jpUtpjh';Th] 3. Rje]jpu jpUtpjh';Th] 3. Rje]jpu jpUtpjh';Th] 3. Rje]jpu jpUtpjh';Th] 3. Rje]jpu jpUtpjh';Th] :fhyr] RHw]rpahy] ,e]jpaht[f]F jd]dhl]rp mspf]fg]gLk]

vd]W gpuPl]O#] muR M+lk] TwpaJ. mjidj] bjhlh]e]J

jpUtpjh';Th] muRk] jd] vjph]fhyj]ijf] Fwpj]J jPh]f]fkhf

Mnyhrpj]J xU Kot[f]F te]jJ. ,e]jpah Rje]jpuk] mile]J

tpl]lhy] jpUtpjh';Th] mj]Jld] ,izahky]/ jdp Rje]jpu

ehlhf epd]W bray]gLk] vd]W 18.07.1947 md]W mJ

gpufldg]gLj]jpaJ. jtput[k ] ,e ]jpahtpy] ,Ryhkpa

kd]dh]fshd Ijuhghj] ep$hKk]/ kw]Wk] gnuhlh Ry]jhDk;

nghg ;ghy; ethg [lDk; jpUtpjh';TUk; Tl]Lr ] nrh ]e ]J

ghfp!]jhDld] gpujpepjp cwt[ Vw]gLj]JtJ vd]w epiya[k]

cUthf]fg]gl]lJ. jpUtpjh';Th] kd]dupd] ,e]j epiyia

midj]jpe]jpa K!]yPk]fSk]/ midj]J ,e]jpah ,e]J kfh

riga[k] tuntw]wJ.

“In a telegram dated June 20 (1947) sent to Sir C.P,Jinnah informed him as follows: Pakistan will be gladto have your representative and will be ready toestablish relationship with Travancore which will be ofmutual advantage”.

11 C[kúRôhPm

"Paradoxical as it might be, V.D. Savarkar, Presidentof the All India Hindu Maha Saba, in a telegram of thesame date (June 20, 1947) addressed to Sir C.P extendedhis full support to Travancore’s decision to declareindependence”. (Prof. A. Sreedhara Menon – Triumphand Tragedy in Travancore – 2001 – Page 244)

‘bja]tj]jpd]nw ehl]il’ kd]dh] rpj]jpiuj] jpUehSk]/

rh ; .rp.gp. ,uhkRthkp IaUk] ,Ryhkpah]fSld] rk]ge]jk]

itj]Jf] bfhs]tJ vd]w epiyf;F ,e]J kfh rigj; jiyth]

Mjutspj]jij ahuhYk] md]W rPuzpf]f ,aytpy]iy.

,e]j epiyapy] ,e ]jpah 1947 Mf!]L 15-k ] ehs]

Rje]jpukile]jJ. ntW tHpapd]wp jpUtpjh';Th ] / 1947

brg]lk]gh] 4-k] ehs; ,e]jpa If]fpaj]jpy] ,ize]jJ. ,ijj]

bjhlh]e]J jpUtpjh';Th] !]nll] fh';fpu!] jiytuhf ,Ue]j

gl]lk] jhqgps]is jpUtpjh';TUf]F \isahf ,Ue]J

bray]glj;bjhl';fpdhh;. mth] ehah] rKjhaj]ijr] rhh]e]jth]

Mifahy] jhH ]j ]jg ]gl ]l kf ]fs] kPJ Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh ]

rKjhaj]jpd] kPJ FUjptHpg ]gif bfhz]ltuhff;

fhzg;gl;lhh;. ,Ug]gpDk] SIUC-rigf]F g[duikg]g[ fkpl]oapy]

cWg]gpdh ] epiy tH';Ftjw]F vz]zk] bfhz]L

jhqgps]is jpU. nerkzpf]F miHg]g[ tpLj]jhh]. miHg]g[

fpilj]jJk] nerkzp clnd Xo tUthh ] vd]W mth]

epidj]jpUf]f ntz]Lk]. Mdhy] miHg]g[ fpilj]j mLj]j

fznk nerkzp mij epuhfupj]J tpl]lhh]. (nerkzp xU(nerkzp xU(nerkzp xU(nerkzp xU(nerkzp xU

rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]/ rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]/ rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]/ rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]/ rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]/ A.A. urhf] urhf] urhf] urhf] urhf] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 53)))))

4. jkpHh]fSf]Fj] jdp mikg]g[ 4. jkpHh]fSf]Fj] jdp mikg]g[ 4. jkpHh]fSf]Fj] jdp mikg]g[ 4. jkpHh]fSf]Fj] jdp mikg]g[ 4. jkpHh]fSf]Fj] jdp mikg]g[ :

jkpHh]fspd] eyk] fhj]jpl cUg]goahd murpay] fl]rp

vJt[k] mt]tikak] ,y]yhjpUe]j epiyapy]/ ehfh]nfhtpy] tf]fPy]

12 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

r';fj]jpy] kjpg]g[kpf]f tHf]fwp"h] jpU. rpjk]guk]gps]is/ mnj

r';fj]jpy] Kd]dzp tHf]fwp"uhf tps';fpa jpU. v. nerkzpia/

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpHh]fspd] Jah] Jilf]f tUkhW miHg]g[

tpLj]jhh]. ,e]j miHg]ig Vw]w jpU. nerkzp 1947 brg]lk]gh]

jp';fs] 8 Mk] ehs]/ ehfh]nfhtpy] fpwp!]jt tshfj]jpy]

mike]jpUe]j “Myd] epidt[ kz]lgj]jpy]” jkpHh]fspd]

Mnyhridf] Tl]lk] xd;W Tl]lg]gl]L/ “jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL

fh';fpu!]” vd]w murpay] mikg]ig cUthf;fpdhh;. jpU.

nerkzpapd] jiyikapy] ,e]j ,af]fk] g [ay] ntf

tsh]r]rpaile]jJ. kiyahspfSf]Fk]/ kiyahs muRf]Fk]

rpk]k brhg]gdkhf mike]jJ ,e]j ,af]fk]. jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]

gpunjr';fspd] jdp khfhzk] mikj]nj jPUnthk] vd]w kf]fspd]

nfh#k] thidg] gpse]jJ. ,ij gl]lk] jhqgps]isahy]

bghWj]Jf] bfhs]s Koatpy]iy.

Rje]jpuj]Jf]Fg] gpwF ehl]od] Kjy] njh]jy] 1948rdtup 30 Mk] ehs] vd]W eph]azapf]fg]gl]lJ. njh]jy]fsk;

R {L g poj ]jJ. murpay ] fl ]r pfs ] midj]Jk ] fsj ]j py ]

,w';fpd. jpUtpjh';Tiug] bghWj]jkl]oYk] kiyahspfis

gpuj pe pj pfu pj ]J j pUtpjh' ;Th ] rk!]jhd fh' ;f puRk ] /

jkpHh]fisg] bghWj]jkl]oy] jpU. nerkzpapd] jiyikapy]

,a';fp te]j jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpuRk] fsj]jpy]

,w';fpd.

jpUtpjh';Thpy] 1941 kf]fs] bjhif fzf]Fg]go 9

jhYfhf]fspy] jkpHh]fs] bgUthupahf thH]e;jpUe;jdh;.

jkpHh]fs] kiyahspfs] jkpHh]fs] kiyahspfs] jkpHh]fs] kiyahspfs] jkpHh]fs] kiyahspfs] jkpHh]fs] kiyahspfs]

1) njhthis 42,448 6982) mf!]jP!]tuk] 1,76,874 4,9313) fy]Fsk] 2,05,944 36,100

13 C[kúRôhPm

4) tpst';nfhL 1,61,217 46,0235) br';nfhl]il 52,432 1,6776) gPh]nkL 31,911 31,7487) njtpFsk] 53,394 2,2828) bea]ahw]wpd]fiu 14% *86%9) rpw]W}h] 95% 5%

*Fwpg ]g [Fwpg ]g [Fwpg ]g [Fwpg ]g [Fwpg ]g [: bea]ahw]wpd] fiuiag] bghWj]jkl]oy]bea]ahw]wpd] fiuiag] bghWj]jkl]oy]bea]ahw]wpd] fiuiag] bghWj]jkl]oy]bea]ahw]wpd] fiuiag] bghWj]jkl]oy]bea]ahw]wpd] fiuiag] bghWj]jkl]oy]

jkpH] tk]rh tHpapdh] jkpH] tk]rh tHpapdh] jkpH] tk]rh tHpapdh] jkpH] tk]rh tHpapdh] jkpH] tk]rh tHpapdh] 75% ,Ue]Jk] mth]fis ,Ue]Jk] mth]fis ,Ue]Jk] mth]fis ,Ue]Jk] mth]fis ,Ue]Jk] mth]fis

kiyahspfs] vd]W rh ]jhh ] nf.vk]. gzpf]fh ] cs]spl]lkiyahspfs] vd]W rh ]jhh ] nf.vk]. gzpf]fh ] cs]spl]lkiyahspfs] vd]W rh ]jhh ] nf.vk]. gzpf]fh ] cs]spl]lkiyahspfs] vd]W rh ]jhh ] nf.vk]. gzpf]fh ] cs]spl]lkiyahspfs] vd]W rh ]jhh ] nf.vk]. gzpf]fh ] cs]spl]l

khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ] FG jtwhfj] jPh ]khdpj]jJ.khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ] FG jtwhfj] jPh ]khdpj]jJ.khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ] FG jtwhfj] jPh ]khdpj]jJ.khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ] FG jtwhfj] jPh ]khdpj]jJ.khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ] FG jtwhfj] jPh ]khdpj]jJ.

m';F thH]fpd]w jkpHh]fs] (Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh]fs]) jkpH]m';F thH]fpd]w jkpHh]fs] (Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh]fs]) jkpH]m';F thH]fpd]w jkpHh]fs] (Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh]fs]) jkpH]m';F thH]fpd]w jkpHh]fs] (Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh]fs]) jkpH]m';F thH]fpd]w jkpHh]fs] (Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh]fs]) jkpH]

gs]spf]Tl';fs] ,y]yhikahy] jkpGf]Fg] gjpyhfgs]spf]Tl';fs] ,y]yhikahy] jkpGf]Fg] gjpyhfgs]spf]Tl';fs] ,y]yhikahy] jkpGf]Fg] gjpyhfgs]spf]Tl';fs] ,y]yhikahy] jkpGf]Fg] gjpyhfgs]spf]Tl';fs] ,y]yhikahy] jkpGf]Fg] gjpyhf

kiyahsk] fw]f ntz]okiyahsk] fw]f ntz]okiyahsk] fw]f ntz]okiyahsk] fw]f ntz]okiyahsk] fw]f ntz]oajhapw ;Wajhapw ;Wajhapw ;Wajhapw ;Wajhapw ;W. ,jdhy] mth]fis. ,jdhy] mth]fis. ,jdhy] mth]fis. ,jdhy] mth]fis. ,jdhy] mth]fis

kiyahspfs] vd]W fzf]fpy] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] mth]fspd]kiyahspfs] vd]W fzf]fpy] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] mth]fspd]kiyahspfs] vd]W fzf]fpy] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] mth]fspd]kiyahspfs] vd]W fzf]fpy] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] mth]fspd]kiyahspfs] vd]W fzf]fpy] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] mth]fspd]

jha]bkhHp jkpnHahFjha]bkhHp jkpnHahFjha]bkhHp jkpnHahFjha]bkhHp jkpnHahFjha]bkhHp jkpnHahFk]. ,e]epiy ,d]Wk] bjhlh]fpwJ.k]. ,e]epiy ,d]Wk] bjhlh]fpwJ.k]. ,e]epiy ,d]Wk] bjhlh]fpwJ.k]. ,e]epiy ,d]Wk] bjhlh]fpwJ.k]. ,e]epiy ,d]Wk] bjhlh]fpwJ.

,e]j R{H ]epiyapy] jkpHh ]fSf]F fsk] ,w';fpr ]

bray]gLtjw]F itu be";rk] gilj]j xUth] njitg]gl]lhh].

mtnu khh]#y] nerkzp. "vJ te]jhYk] nerkzp ghh]j]Jf]

bfhs]thh ]" vd]w xU kdj]jplk] kf]fsplk] cUthapw]W.

mtuhy] mij cUthf]Ftjw;F Koe]jJ. mJ nghynt

Mgj]J tUfpwJ vd]w nghbjy]yhk]/ kf]fs] ‘V. nerkzp

uh$hnt’/ ‘v';fs] mg]gr]rpna’/ vd]W Ttpj] jtpj]jdh].

mg]nghbjy]yhk] vg]gonah mtUk] m';nf njhd]wpdh]*. (nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp

xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] – v. v v. v v. v v. v v. v. urhf] . urhf] . urhf] . urhf] . urhf] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 62,63)

5. 1948 - njh]jy] fsk] 5. 1948 - njh]jy] fsk] 5. 1948 - njh]jy] fsk] 5. 1948 - njh]jy] fsk] 5. 1948 - njh]jy] fsk] :,j]jUzj]jpy] fhe]jpaofs] xU ePrdpd] Fz]log]gl]L

fPnH rha]e]jhh]. ,jdhy] njh]jy] 1948 bgg]uthp 8-k] njjpf]F

khw]wg]gl]lJ. jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpuRf]F vjpuhf

14 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

gl]lk] jhqgps]is (Kjyikr]rh]) apd] kiyahsp mikg]ghd

jpUtpjh';Th] rk!]jhd fh';fpuRk] jdJ ntl]ghsh]fis

fskpwf]fp M';fh';nf gpur]rhu gPu';fpfs] KH';fpd. jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpH]ehL fh';fpuRk] jdJ ntl]ghsh]fis epWj]jpaJ. ,U

fl]rpfSk] M';fh';nf nkhjpf] bfhz]ld. rk!]jhd fh';fpuRf]F

Mjut[ ,y]yhj epiyapy] jkpHh]fis muR ,ae]jpu';fs]

gaKWj]Jk] tifapy] kiyahs nghyPrhh ] ,ilapy]

EiHe]jdh]. mth]fspd] ml]?Hpa';fs] fzf]fpyl';fh. “kf]fs]

rukhupahf capiu ifapy] gpoj]Jf] bfhz]L Ch] Cuhf

Xodhh]fs]. mth]fs] kpUfj]jdkhf jhf]fg]gl]ldh]. ,Uth] Rl]Lf]

bfhy]yg ]gl ]ldh ] . gyUf]F Jg ]ghf ]fpf ] fha';fs] . gy

Foirfs] jPaplg]gl]ld. ,uzpay]/ fU';fy]/ bjhLtl]o/

g[Jf]fil/ ghnfhL/ kor]ry]/ Fynrfuk]/ kzypf]fiu/ k';fhL

Kjypa Ch]fspy] Ma[jk] jh';fpa nghyP!] gilapdh] mtpH]j]J

tplg]gl]ldh]. bgz]fs] jhf]fg]gl]ldh]/ kf]fs] kpft[k] ,Hpthd

epiyapy] elj]jg]gl]ldh]. epiyikia neupy] fz;l nerkzp

mywpdhh]. 150 Mz]LfSf]F Kd]ghf elj]j epfH]r ]rpfs]

epidt[f]F tUfpd]wd vd]W FKwpdhh]. ghz]oapypUe]J gyh]

te]jdh]. fhkuh$Uk] te]jhh]. rk!]jhd fh';fpunrhL rkurk]

ngrpg] ghh]j]jhh]. jpUtpjh';Th] bjd] jhYf]fhf]fis xd]whfr]

nrh]j]J xU jdp butd]a{ otp#d] cldoahf mikg]gJ vd]w

mog]gilapy] ngr]Rthh]j]ijfs] ele]jd. bjhlh]e]J mtUk]

rk!]jhd fh';fpu!] jiyth] gl]lk] jhqgps]isa[k] kPz]Lk]

brd]idapy] To xU Kot[f]F tug] nghtjhfr] brhy]yptpl]Lg]

nghdhh]. Kot[ Vw]gltpy]iy. brd]idapy] mth]fs] Tlt[k] ,y]iy”Kot[k] Vw]gltpy]iy. (mnj g(mnj g(mnj g(mnj g(mnj g[j]jfk] [j]jfk] [j]jfk] [j]jfk] [j]jfk] – gf]f';fs] 63/ 63) gf]f';fs] 63/ 63) gf]f';fs] 63/ 63) gf]f';fs] 63/ 63) gf]f';fs] 63/ 63)

kiyahs muRk] mjd] fhty]Jiwa[k ] / eph ]thf

,ae]jpu';fs] midj]Jk] fy]Fsk]/ tpst';nfhL jhYfh thH]

jkpHh]fs] Fwpg]ghf ehlhh] rKjha kf]fis kl]Lkhf Fwp

itj]J j';fsJ mlf]F Kiwia mtpH]j]J tpl]ldh]. ,jd]

15 C[kúRôhPm

Kf]fpa nehf]fk]/ ,th]fSf]fpilna kuz gPjpia cUthf]fp

mth]fisbay]yhk]/ Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh ] kf]fis j';fsJ

fl]Lg]ghl]oy] bfhz]L te]J/ jhqgps]isapd] rk!]jhd

fh';fpuRf]F rhjfkhf Xl ]L t';fpia jpUg ]g ptpl ]L/

jpU. nerkzpapd] f PH ] ,a';fp tUfpd]w jpUtpjh';Th ]

jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] ntl]ghsh]fis njhy]tp milar] bra]a

ntz]Lk] vd]gnjahFk]. mjdhy]jhd] 12.02.1948 md]W

k';fhl ]oy] njtrfhak] ehlhiua[k ] / 14.02.1948 md]W

fPH]Fsj]jpy] bry]iyad] ehlhiua[k] Rl]Lf] bfhd]wdh].

(A. Nesamony – Inside Travancore Tamil Nad – Page 26)

,Ug]gpDk] bjd] jhYfhf]fspy] nghl ]oapl ]l 15

jp.j.eh.fh. ntl]ghsh]fspy] 14 ngh ] btw]wpthif R{odh].

,th]fis vjph]j]J epd]w !]nll] fh';fpu!] ntl]ghsh]fs]

j';fs] itg]g [j ] bjhifia ,Hf]f ntz]oajhapw ]W.

njtpFsk]/ g Ph ]nkL/ br';nfhl ]il/ bea]ahw ]wpd ]fiu

bjhFjpfspy] nghl]oapl]l jp.j.eh.fh. ntl]ghsh]fs] btw]wp

bgwtpy]iy. 120 cWg]gpdh]fisf] bfhz]l rl]lrigapy]

fh';fpuRf]F 97 cWg]gpdh]fSk]/ jp.j.eh.fh';fpuRf]F 14

cWg]gpdh ]fSk]/ K!]yPk ] yPfpw ]F 8 cWg]gpdh ]fSk]/

Rnal]irahf xUtUk] njh;e]bjLf]fg]gl]ldh].

,j]njh ]jiyj] bjhlh ]e ]J gl ]lk ] jhqgps]is

12.03.1948 md]W Kjyikr]ruhfg; gjtpnaw]Wf] bfhz]lhh].

mth] kf]fs] gpujpepjpbad]w epiyia kwe]Jtpl]L Kd]dhs]

jpthd] rh].rp.gp. ,uhkRthkp Iaiug] nghd]W Ml]rp bra]aj]

bjhl';fpdhh]. ,th] Kjyikr]rh] MdJk]/ ehah] rKjhak]

bgupa mstpy] tpHh vLj]Jf] bfhz]lhodh] . tl

jpUtpjh';Tupy] rh].rp.gp.ia vjph]j]j gy caph]fisf] fht[

bfhz]l g[d]dg]guh - tayhh] ifjpfis tpLjiy bra]nthk]

vd]w fh';fpurpd] njh]jy] thf]FWjpia fh';fpu!] Kjd]

16 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ke]jpupahd gl]lk] jhqgps]is ,g]nghJ epiwntw]wtpy]iy.

,jdhy] mth]fsJ vjph]g ]ig re]jpj]J/ gl]lk] gjtp tpyf

neh]e ]jJ. mth] gjtp ,He]jhh ] . mtiu fhg]ghw]Wtjw]F

jp.j.eh. fh';fpu!] kWj]Jtpl]lJ. ,jdhy] ehah] rKjhak]

ehlhh] r\fj]jplk] td] gif bfhz]lJ.

gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] tPH]r]rpiaj] bjhlh]e]J/ tl

jpUtpjh';Th] fh';fpu!] thjpahd T.K. ehuhazgps]is

08.10.1949 md]W gpujk ke]jpupahdhh]. ,th] K!]yPk] yPf]

fl]rpa[lDk]/ jp.j.eh. fh';fpunrhLk] rkurk] bra]J bfhs]s

jPtpu Kaw]rp vLj]Jf] bfhz]lhh].

g [jpa gpujkke]jpup jpU.o.nf.ehuhazgps]is jPtpu

If]fpa nfusthjpahifahy] mjw]F Kd]ndhoahf

jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp ,izg]g[f]F vd KG Kaw]rpapy;

<Lglj; bjhl';fpdhh ] . ehd]F bkhHpf ]Tl]L kjuh!]

khepyj]jpy ] mikr]ruhf ,Ue]j khjt nkdDk] ,e]j

Kaw]rpapy] mtUf]F jPtpukhfj] Jiz epd]W bray]gl]lhh].

,jd] Kd]ndhoahf kyghh ] / ghyf]fhL gFjpfspypUe]J

kjuh!] khepyj]jpy ] rl ]lkd]w cWg]gpdh ]fshf

,Ue]jth ]fisa[k ] / bfhr ]r p -jpUtpjh';Th ] rl ]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh]fisa[k] xd]W To tur] bra]tjw]fhf/ If]fpa

nfusft[d]rpy] jiyth] jpU. nfsg]gd] ehah] miHg]g[ tpLj]jhh].

jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL fh';fpu!] rl ]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh]fSf]Fk] miHg]g[ te]jJ.

MYthapy ] 1949 g pg ]uthpapy ] Tod ,e]j Tl]Lf ]

Tl ]lj ]j py ] j pUtpjh' ;TUk ] / bfhr ]r pa [k ] / kjuh!]

khepyj]jpy] cl]gl]oUf]Fk] kyghUk] ,itfis nrh]e ]J

fplf]Fk] kiyahsg; gpunjr';fisa[k ] bfhz]L If]fpa

nfus khe pyk ] mika ntz]Lk ] vd ]w j P h ]khdk ]

17 C[kúRôhPm

tpthjj ]Jf ]F te ]jJ. ,J j pUtpjh' ;Th ] mur pay ]

rl]lj]Jf]F tpnuhjkhdJ vd]W gl]lk] jhqgps]is vjph]g]g[

bjhptpj]jhh ] .

,jw ]F j pUj ]jk ] bfhz]L te ]J ngr pa

jpU.v.nerkzp/ “murpay ] rl ]lj ]Jf ]F bghUe ]Jnkh/

tpnuhjnkh/ mij eP';fns jPh ]khdpj]Jf] bfhs]S';fs].

Mdhy] jpUtpjh';TupYs]s jkpH ]g ]g punjr';fis tpl ]L

tpL';fs]” vd]W miw Tty] tpLj]jhh]. mth] bfhz]L te]j

jpUj]jk] “jkpH] gpunjr';fs] eP';fyhf” vd]gnj. ,ijna

kiyahs ehnsLfs] "gPu' ;fpf ]F cs]ns bto itj]J

jfh ]f ]f pwhh ] nerkzp” vd ]W tf ]fiz ngr pd. bjd ]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] jkpHh]fs] (ehlhh] rKfj]jhh]) gl]lghl]ila[k]/

bfl]l nfl]ila[k] kpft[k] cUf]fkhf vLj]Jiuj]jhh] jpU.

nerkzp. ,jw ]F gjpyspf ]f pd ]w Kiwapy ] Kd]dhs ]

mikr ]rh ] j pU. r p . nfrtd] / nerkzp vLj ]Jf ]fhl ]oa

mlf ]FKiw ml ]?Hpa bfh?u' ;fisa[k ] / bfh?u

eltof]iffisa[k] mg]gona xg]g[f] bfhz]L tpl]L/ mit

midj]Jf]Fk] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]isna bghWg]g [ vd]W

Twp ,jpypUe]J jd]id tpLtpj]Jf] bfhz]lhh]. ‘kjuh!]

khepyj ]j pypUe ]J kyghh ] g pu pe ]J If ]f pa nfusj ]njhL

,iza chpik bgWk]nghJ jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] gFjpfSk]

If ]f pa nfusk ] mika[k ] nghJ g pu pe ]J brd ]W jha ]

jkpHfj]Jlnd ,iztJ epahak]jhnd’ vd]W fh';fpu!]

jiyth] gl]lhgp rPjhuhka]ah fUj]J btspapl]lhh]. ,f]fUj]jhy]

Kjyikr]rh] mth] kPJ fLk] nfhgk] bfhz]lhh].

,jw]F gjpyo bfhLg]gJ nghd]W/ If]fpa nfus

ft[d]rpy] jiyth; jpU. nfsg]gd] Kaw]rpahy] kjpuhrpapy]

(ntz]Lbkd]w nehf]Fld]) itj]J jpUtpjh';Th] mikr]ruit

cWg]gpdh]fs]/ bfhr]rp mikr]ruit m';fj]jpdh]fs;/ kjpuhrp

18 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

mikr]rh ] ke ]jph p khjtnkdd]/ kisahs bkhHp ngRk]

rl]lrig m';fj]jpdh]fs]/ fl]rp gpuKfh]fs]/ ,e]jpahbt';Fk]

gjtpapy] ,Ue]j kiyahsp mYtyh]fs] midtiua[k ]

tutiHj]J/ 1949 rdtup 16 kw]Wk] 17 njjpfspy] “mfpy

kiyahspfs] khehL” elj]jg]gl]lJ. jiyik jh';fpa

“khj]U g{kp” Mrpupah] jpU. nfrtnkdd]/ “jpUtpjh';Th]

bfhr]rp ehLfs] KGikahft[k]/ kyghh] khtl]lKk]/ ePyfphp/

TlY}h ] Kjypa jkpH] gFjpfSk] nrh ]j ]J/ fd]dpahFkhp

bjhl ]L fhrh ]nfhL tiuapy] cs]s gpunjr';fis

cs]slf]fpa “If]fpa nfusk] mikg]nghk]” vd]W tPuk]

ngrpdhh]. Mdhy] ,jw]F vjpuhf If]fpa jkpHfk] mikg]nghk]

vd]W Fuy] bfhLf]f kjuh!] khfhzj]jpy] MSk] fl]rpnah/

kw]w fl]rpfnsh Kd] tutpy]iy. <.nt.uh.thy] elj]jg]gl]L te]j

jpuhtplf]fHfKk] mjd] bghJ brayhsh] mz]zhj;Jiua[k;

,ijf] fz]L bfhs]stpy]iy. rpy jhtug] gpunjr';fs] jkpH]

ehl]oy] ,Ue]jhy] vd]d> m';nf ,Ue]jhy] vd]d> vd]w

kndhghtj]jpy] bgupahh] ,Ue]J tpl]lhh].

6. Fkupapy; vy]iy khehL 6. Fkupapy; vy]iy khehL 6. Fkupapy; vy]iy khehL 6. Fkupapy; vy]iy khehL 6. Fkupapy; vy]iy khehL :

Mdhy] jkpHuRf] fHfj]jiyth] jpU. k.bgh./ rpt"hd

fpuhkzpahUf]F kl]Lk] ,J cWj]jiy cUthf]fpw]W. mth]

kl]Lk]jhd] md]iwa gr]irj] jkpHd] (ehlhh]) murpay]thjpahf/

,Ue]jhh] . vdnt nrhh]t[w ]W ,Ue]j jkpHh]fSf]fpilna

xU cj]ntfj]ij cUthf]Fk] vz]zk] bfhz]L/

bjhy]fhg]gpaj]jpypUe]J “tlnt';flk] bjd]Fkup Mapil

jkpH] TWk] ey]YyF” vd]W Twpf]bfhz]lhh]. Mdhy] kjuh!]

khefupy ] If]fpa jkpHfk] mikg]g [ xU ke]j epiyapy]

,Ug]gij jpU. nerkzp fz]L bfhz]lhh ] . mnj rkak]

bjY';fh]fs] kl]Lk] Me]jpu khepyk] mikg]gjpy] Kk]Kukhf

,Ue]jdh]. Me]jpuhtpd] jiyefuhf brd]idg] gl]lzk] tu

19 C[kúRôhPm

ntz]Lk] vd]w Fwpf]nfhSld] mth]fs] bray]gl]L te]jdh].

brd]idia Mz]lJ xU brd]dh bul ]o. mtd] xU

bjY';fd] . mtd] bgaupy ]jhd] brd]idg] gl ]lzk]

mike]Js]sJ. mJ kUtpjhd] ,d]W “brd]idg] gl]lzk]”Mapw]W. vdnt ‘brd]idg] gl]lzk] kknj’ vd]w nfh#k]

cr]rj]jpy] vGe]jJ. mijj] bjhlh]e]J ‘kJiu eknj’ vd]Wk]

cuj]j Fuy] nfl]lJ. kJiuiaa[k] tLfh]jhd] Mz]ldh].

,jw]F kWg]g[ bjhptpf]f md]W vtUk] Kd] tuhjjhy]/ k.bgh.rp

fsk] ,w';fp/ brd]idia fhg]gjw]fhf tl vy]iy khehL

xd]iw 05.11.1949-y] elj]JtJ vd]W epr]rapj]J tpl]lhh]. jpU.

nerkzpf]Fk] miHg]g[ te]jJ. khehL Fwpg]gpl]l ntisapy]

ele ]jJ. “kjuhrpy ] buhl ]og ] gz]l';fis tpw ]f te]j

brl]ofis bgUefh] rpg]ge]jpfs] ghh]j]Jf] bfhs]thh]fs]. Fkup

vy]iyia fhg]gjw]F ehk] Maj]jkhfpnwhk]. mjw]fhfnt

khtPud] nerkzp ek]ik ifnahL miHj]Jg ] nghf

te]jpUf]fpwhh]” vd]W nghh] KHf]fk] bra]jhh].

,ijj] bjhlh]e]J 06.01.1950 ,y] fd]dpahFkupapy] xU

vy]iy khehL Tl]lg]gl]lJ. jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] gpunjr';fis

jha] jkpHfj]Jld] ,izg]gjw]fhd xU tpHpg ]g [zh ]it

cUthf]Ftjw]fhfnt ,e]j khehL Tl]lg]gl]lJ. ,e]jpa

murpay] eph ]az rig cWg]gpdh ] jpU. fpU#]z

ghujp jiyikapy] ftpkzp njrpftpdhafk] g ps ]is

Jtf]f ciuahw]wpdhh ] . Jtf]f ciuiaj] bjhlh ]e ]J

jpU. v. nerkzp tuntw]g [iuahw]wpdhh]. jkpHh]fs] nky]

kiyahs muR elj]jpa mlf]F Kiwfisa[k]/ bfhLikfisf;

Fwpj ;Jk; g [s ]sp tptu';fSld] tptukhf vLj]Jf] Twp

rignahupd] nguhjuit <h ]j ]jhh ] . jkpHh ]fsplkpUe]J

kiyahsp muR tNypj ]J te]j mstpy]yhj tupfspd]

tptu';fisf] Twp/ mjd] Rikahy] ehlhh] kf]fs] mile]j

20 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bghUshjhur; rPuHpit vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. ,e]j tupfs] kl]Lnk

ehlhh ] rKjhaj ]j pd ] tWikf]F monfhypaJ vd]gij

g[s;sptptu';fSld; mth] vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. jkpH] kf]fSf]F

jkpH ] fy]tp mspg ]gij kiyahsp muR jtph ]g ]gija[k ] /

j' ;fsJ kiyahs bkhHpiaj ] j pzpg ]gjw ]F jkpH ]

gs ]spf ]Tl';fis kiyahs bkhHp gs ]spf ]Tl';fshf

khw]wp tUtija[k] g[s]sp tptu';fSld] Rl]of] fhl]odhh].

Kjy] ,uz]lhtJ Ie]jhz]L jpl]lj]jpy] ,lk] bgw]wpUe]j

e Ph ] ghrd j pl ]l' ;fis jkpHh ] thGk ] gFjpfspy ]

bray ]gLj ]Jtij kiyahs muR jtph ]j ]J te ]jJ.

Fwpg ]ghf bgU";rhzp mizia KGikailatplhJ

jLj]jy] . r pw ]whW gl ]lzk] fhy ]tha ] j pl ]lk ] / bea ]ahW

,lJfiu fhy]tha ] jpl ]lk ] / FHpj ]Jiw nky] e Pnuw ]Wj ]

j pl ]lk ] nghd ]w ghrd trjpj ] j pl ]l' ;fis f plg ]g py ]

nghl]lijbay]yhk] Rl]of] fhl]odhh]. ,jw]fhf jpl]lj]jpy]

Vw ]gspf ]fg ]gl ]l epjpiaf]Tl ,';nf bryt[ bra ]ahky]

tljpUtpjh';Th] jpl ]l';fSf]fhf jpir jpUg]gpaija[k ;

vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. mjdhy] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] jpl]l';fis

eGttpl]lJ kiyahs muR. jkpH] tptrhapfsplkpUe]J

j';fsJ tpis bghUshd bey] kw]Wk] fg ]igf] fpH';F

(kur ]r Pdp fpH';F) fl]lhakhf mokhl]L tpiyf]F muR

vLj]Jr] brd]wija[k]/ jkpHh]fSf]F Fwpg]ghf jkpH]bkhHp

fw]wth]fSf]F muRg] gzpfs] juhjijf] Fwpj]Jk] tpsf]fpr]

ngrpdhh ] . jtput[k ] jkpHh ]fshy] j';fSf]F

(kiyahspfSf]F) bjhy]iyfs]/ mDjpdk] To tUtjhf

bgha] g puhij bly]yp muRf ]F mDg ]g p / mth ]fspd ]

mDjhgj]ijg] bgWtjw]F kiyahspfs] Kaw]rpf]fpd]wdh]

vd ]gija [k ] t psf ]f pf ] Twpdhh ] . mjdhy ] jk pHh ]fs ]

j' ;fsJ khdk] / kupahij/ ghJfhg]g [ / jd]khdk]/ bkhHp

kw ]Wk] fyhr ]rhu';fis ghJfhj ]j pLk ] bghUl ]L/ jha ]

21 C[kúRôhPm

jkpHfj]Jld] ,iztijj] jtpu ntW tHpapy]iy vd]gij

Mzpj ]jukhf m' ;nf vLj ]Jiuj ]jhh ] . “nfusk ]

flypypUe]J bgh';fp vGe]J te]jbjd]Wk]/ mjdhy] mJ

flt[spd] brhe]j ehL vd]Wk] fij TWfpd]w kiyahs

md]gh ]fs] v';fpUe]J te]jdh]> vd]W nfl]fpnwhk] vd]W

kWnfs]tp vGg]gpdhh] . ,uhtzdpd] tpjitfs] Fonawp

gpuhkznuhL fyg]g[ kzk] bra]jjpypUe]jh> vd]W eh';fSk]

fij brhy]ypf] nfl]Lf] bfhz]oUf]f v';fs] gz]ghL ,lk]

jUtjpy]iyna* vd]W nerkzp vjph]g ]g [f] fiz tPrpdhh].

Kothf/ ,itfis bgWk]tiu ntz]Lkhdhy] filrp

\r]R ,Uf;Fk;tiu kiyahs muir vjph ]j]J nghuhl]lk]

elj]jpl ntz]Lk] vd]W miw Tty] tpl]lhh]. (Dr. D. Peter& Dr. Ivy Peter – Liberation of the Oppressed a ContinuousStruggle – Pages 77 to 79)

tuyhw]W mog]gilapy] 14-k] E}w]whz]L tiu bjd]

jhYfhf]fs] jkpH ] kd]dh ]fshfpa ghz]oa murh ]fsJ

mjpfhuj]jpw]Fl]gl]lit/ fy]Fsk] jhYfhtpy] gwspahw]wpy]

fl]oapUf]Fk] ‘ghz]oad] miz’ ,jw]F mj]jhl]rp/ ghz]oad]

mizf]fl]Lk]/ fhy]tha[k ] vl ]L E}w ]whz]LfSf]F Kd]

fl]oaitfshFk]. (mn(mn(mn(mn(mnj ciu j ciu j ciu j ciu j ciu – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 14) 14) 14) 14) 14)

,k]khehl]od] Kothf xU jPh]khdj]ij Vfkdjhf

Vw]Wf] bfhz]ldh]. If]fpa nfus ft[d]rpy] nghd]W jkpH]

ehl]oYs]s gy fl]rpg] gpuKfh]fisf] bfhz]l xU “If]fpa

jkpHff ] ft [d ]r py ]” e pWtg ]gl ]lJ. mjd] fd]tPduhf

jpUtpjh' ;Th ] jkpH ]ehL fh' ;fpu!] jiyth ] j pU. rhk ]

ej ]jhdpnay] mkh ]j ]jg ]gl ]lhh ] . ,e ]j ft[d ]r py ] / khehL

fiye]jJ nghd]W fiye]J brd]wJ. gpw]ghL xU ehs] Tl

mJ Tltpy ]iy. bre ]jkpH ] ehl ]Lj ] jiyth ]fs] ,ij

kwe]J tpl]ldh].

22 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

7. jpU - bfhr]rp ,izg]g[ 7. jpU - bfhr]rp ,izg]g[ 7. jpU - bfhr]rp ,izg]g[ 7. jpU - bfhr]rp ,izg]g[ 7. jpU - bfhr]rp ,izg]g[ :

01.06.1949-y] jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp ,izg]g[f]Fg]

gpwF ,U ke]jpuprigfSk] xd]Wgl]L/ mjpy] m';fk] tfpj]j

mikr]rh]fs] midtUk] mt]thnw ,e]j Tl]L ke]jpuprigapd]

mikr]rh ]fs] Mapdh ] . ,g ]bghGJ bfhr ]r pf ]F \d]W

mikr]rh]fSk]/ jpUtpjh';TUf]F xd]gJ mikr]rh]fSkhf

bkhj]jk] gd]dpuz]L mikr]rh]fs] ,Ue]jdh]. ,th]fSf]F

Kjyikr]ruhf fh';fpui!r] rhh]e]j o.nf. ehuhaz gps]is

,Ue]jhh]. bfhr]rpf] ]F \d]W jhdh> vd]w tpuf]jpf] Fuy]

vGe]jJ. bfhr]rpf]fhuh]fis rkhspf]f ntz]oa epiy te]jJ

Kjyikr]rUf]F. mth]fs] fhiy thuptpl]lhy]> ke]jpup rig

ftpH]e ]J tpLk] mghaKk] ,Ue]jJ. ,jpypUe]J fhj]Jf]

bfhs]tjw]F 16 cWg]gpdh]fisf] bfhz]l jp.j.eh. fh';fpuir

,Gj]Jf] bfhz]L ke]jpup rigia fhj]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]w

vz;zj]jpy ] Kjd] ke ]jpu p o.nf. ehuhaz gps]is

brd]idf]Fg ] gwe ]jhh ] . jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL

fh';fpu!]fhuh]fSf]Fk]/ jpUtpjh';Th] !]nll] fh';fpu!]

mikr]ruitf]Fk] rkurj] jPh]t[ cUthf]Ftjw]fhf jkpH]ehl]L

mikr]rh]fspd] \j]j mikr]ruhd jpU. gf]jty]ryj]jpd]

cjtpia ehodhh] jpU. ehuhazgps]is. mtUk] ,jw]F

,irt[ je ]jhh ] . ghisa';nfhl ]ilapy] rkurf] Tl]lk ]

Tl]lyhk] vd]W Kothf]fg]gl]lJ.

8. ghisa';nfhl]il rkurk]8. ghisa';nfhl]il rkurk]8. ghisa';nfhl]il rkurk]8. ghisa';nfhl]il rkurk]8. ghisa';nfhl]il rkurk] :

05.10.1950 md]W ghisa';nfhl]ilapy] jpl]lkpl]lgo

Tl]lk] ele]jJ. jp.j.eh.fh-t[f]Fk] miHg]g[ te]jJ. jiyth]

jpU.rhk ] ej ]jhdpnay]/ bghJj] jiytUk] mrk]gpspf ]

fl ]r pj ] jiytUkhd jpU.nerkzp/ Jizj] jiyth]

jpU.rptuhkd]gps]is kw]Wk] bray] fkpl]o cWg]gpdh]fs]

23 C[kúRôhPm

midtUk] ghis brd]wdh]. jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp gpujkh]

(Kjyikr]rh ] ) jpU.ehuhazgps]isa[k ] / rf mikr]rh ]

jpU.ntyha[jd] ehaUk] te]jpUe]jdh]. jpU.nerkzpapd]

kiwt[f]Fg] gpwF xd]Wk] bjupahjth]fs] nghd]W ehlfkhof]

bfhz]l jpU.fhe]jpuhkd]/ jpU. gp.v!]. kzp/ jpU. g. jhqyp';f

ehlhh] MfpnahUk] ,e]j Tl]lj]jpy] ,Ue]jdh].

,e]j Tl]lj]jpy] 6 Kot[fs] vLf]fg]gl]ld. mitfspy]

Kf]fpakhd \d]W Kot[fs] fPH]jug]gLfpd]wd.

1. bjd] jhYfhf]fs] ehd]ifa[k ] nrh ]j ]J xU g [jpa

tUtha] nfhl]lk] mikj]jy].

2. jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL fh';fpu!] mrk]gpsp

(rl]lkd]wk]) fl]rp jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp fh';fpu!]

mrk]gpsp fl]rpa[ld] ,ize]J ke]jpuprigf]F Mjuthf

,Uj]jy] ntz]Lk].

3. bkhHptHp khfhzk] mika[k]nghJ jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]

gpunjr';fs] jha]j] jkpHfj]njhL ,iztjw]fhf rl]l

rk]kjKs]s midj]J eltof]iffSk] vLj]Jf]bfhs]s

,e]j g[jpa $py]yh fh';fpu!] fkpl]of]F chpika[z]L.

,jpy] \d]whtJ ruj]Jjhd] kpft[k] Kf]fpakhdJ

MFk]. kiyahsp Mjpf]fj]jpypUe]J epue]jukhf xd]gJ jkpH]

g punjr';fSk] gpu pe ]J jha] jkpHfj]Jld] ,ize]J

bfhs]syhk] vd]W ,jdhy] nfus muR g{uz rk]kjk]

je]Js]sJ. ,jdog]gilapy] epfH]t[fs] elj]jpUf]Fnkahdhy]

xd]gJ jkpH ] jhYfhf]fSk]/ mjhtJ mf!]jP!]tuk] /

njhthis/ fy]Fsk]/ tpst';nfhL/ bea]ahw ]wpd ]fiu/

br';nfhl ]il/ g Ph ]nkL/ njtpFsk] kw ]Wk] r pw ]W}h ]

jpUtpjh';ThpypUe]J gpupe]J jha] jkpHfj]Jld] vr]rpukKkpd]wp

te ]J ,ize]jpUf]Fk] . ,e ]j xg ]ge ]j';fis md]W

24 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] bghJf; fkpl]o Vw]wpUf]Fnkahdhy]/ 1954Mf!]L 11-k] ehs] ele]j Jau epfH]r]rpfs] aht[k] jtph]j]jpUf]f

Koe]jpUf]Fk]. jtput[k] ,d]iwa bea]ahW ,lJf]fiur]

fhy]tha] gpur]rid/ bey]iykhtl]lk] brz]gfty]yp jLg]g[

mizg] gpur]rid/ cLkiyg]ngl]ilj] jhYfh mkuhtjp

mizg] gpur]rid/ ghk]ghW mizg] gpur]rid/ Kf]fpakhf

Ky]iy – bgupahW mizg] gpur ]rid nghd]w ejp ePh ]g ]

gpur]ridfs] vGe]jpUf]fhJ. Vbddpy] ,itfs] midj]Jk]

jkpHfk] ,He]j bea]ahw]wpd]fiuf] jhYfh/ br';nfhl]ilapy]

,He]j Kf]fhy] ghf epyk]/ njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL kw]wk] rpw]W}h]

nghd]w ,l';fs] jkpHfj]Jf]F rpukkpd]wp fpilj]jpUf]Fk].

nghuhl]l';fspd] Fwpf]nfhSk] ,jdhy] epiwntwpapUf]Fk].

Mdhy] ,jw]F ciy itj]jdh] xU Tl]lk] eh";rpy]

ehl]L bts]shk]gps]is murpay]thjpfs]. mjw]F fhuzk]

cz]L. jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp fh';fpu!] mrk]gpsp fl]rpa[ld]

nrh]e]J o.nf. ehuhazgps]is muRf]F Mjut[ mspj]jhy]

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpuRf]F mikr]ruitapy] xU

,lk] fpilf]Fk] vd]w epiy cUthapw;W. ,e]jg] gjtpf]F

jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] rl ]lkd]w fl ]r pj ] jiytuhd jpU. v.

nerkzpf]Fj]jhd] jhh]kPfkhf me]jg] gjtp te]J nrUk].

mj]jifa gjtp VJk] jhH]j]jg]gl]l rKjhaj]jpw]F/ Fwpg]ghf

xU ehlhUf]F brd]Wtplf]TlhJ vd]gnj ,e]j bts]shh]fspd]

nehf]fkhf ,Ue]jJ. vdnt ,ijj; jLg]gjw]F mth]fs] fz]l

xnu tHp ,e]j xg]ge]jk] eilKiwf]F tUtij vt]thwhtJ

jtph]j]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]w t";rf rpe]jid bfhz]L/ mij

Kwpaog]gjw]fhd tpa{fk] mikj]jdh].

nkw]go jpl]lk] jp.j.eh. fh';fpu!] bray] fkpl]oapd]

MnyhridnahL cUthdjhy]/ mij bghJf] fkpl]oapd]

xg ]g [jYf]fhf jiyth] jpU. rhk ]ej ]jhdpnay] itj]J

25 C[kúRôhPm

bjspt[iuahw]wp/ fkpl]oapd] m';fPfhuk] ntz]odhh]. clnd

bghJr] brayhsh] jpU.Mh].nf.uhk]/ vk].vy].v. jPh]khdj]Jf]F

vjph]g]g[j] bjuptpj]jhh]. ,th] bts]shsh] rKjhaj]ijr] rhh]e]j

murpay]thjp. clnd jpU. v. mg]Jy] urhf] (A.A. urhf]) vGe]J

chpikg] gpur ]rid xd]iw vGg]gpdhh ] . mjd]go bray]

fkpl ]oapy] ,lk] bgw]wpUe]j jpU. Mh].nf. uhKf]F ,ij

vjph]j]Jg] ngRtjw]F jhh]kPf chpikapy]iy vd]W Fwpg]gpl]lhh].

,jdhy] ve]j Kot[kpd]wp Tl]lk] xj]jpitf]fg]gl]lJ.

mLj]j bghJf]FG Tl]lk] 06.10.1950 md]W ,lyhf]Foapy]

xU fk]bgdp tPl]L khoapy] Tow]W. bghJf]FG cWg]gpdh]fs]

midtUk] miHj]J tug]gl]ldh]. xUth] Cd]WnfhYld]

te]jhh]. ,d]bdhU gz]izahiu fl]oypy] J}f]fp te]jpUe]jdh]

bts]shsh] mzpapdh]. jP ]h]khdj]ij njhw]fof]f ntz]Lk]

vd]w Vfrpe]ija[ld] jpUthsh]fs] gp.v!].kzp/ Mh].nf.uhk].

o.o.lhdpay]/ g.jhqyp';f ehlhh ] nghd]nwhh ] Kd]dpd]W

brayhw]wpdh]. jPh] ]khdj]ij Kd]g[ vjph]j]Jg] ngrpa bghJr]

brayhsh] jpU.Mh].nf.uhk] ,g]nghJ vJt[k] ngrtpy]iy.

Mdhy] mg]gzpia epiwntw]Wk] bghUl]L m';nf te]jhh] xU

fy]Y}hp khztuhd jpU. vk]. r';fuyp';fk]. ,tiuj] bjhlh]e]J

gyh] Mjupj]Jk]/ vjph]j]Jk] ngrpdh]. Kothf jPh]khdk] ufrpa

Xl]blLg]g[f]F tplg]gl]lJ. gLf]ifa[k] fl]oYkhf te]j me]j

eh";rpy] ehl]Lg] gz]izahh] jdJ vjpu] thf]if gjpt[ bra]Jtpl]L/

capiutpl]lhh]. xU thf]F tpj]jpahrj]jpy] jPh]khdk] njhw]Wg]

nghapw]W. ,jdhy] ghisa';nfhl]il cld]gof]if epiw

ntwtpy]iy. xU jkpHDf]F Fwpg]ghf ehlhUf]F tutpUe]j

mikr]rh] gjtp eGtpr] brd]wJ. j';fSf]Ff] fpilf]fhj

mikr]rh ] gjtp ntW vtUf]Fk] fpilf]ff] TlhJ vd]w

t";rfj]jpy] bts]shh]fs] btw]wp bgw]wdh]. ,e]j t";rfk]

,d]Wk] epiyj]J epd]W tUfpwJ. jkpH]ehl]oy] ve]j murpay]

fl ]r p Ml]rp mikj]jhYk] mjpy] Fkhp khtl]lj ]jpw ]F

26 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

xJf]fg]gLfpd]w mikr]rh] gjtp rpWghd]ik bts]shsh]fSf]nf

fpilj]Jf] bfhz]oUg]gjd] bjhlf]fnk ,e]j epfH]r]rpapd]

gpd]tpisntahk].

9. jiyth; uh$pdhkh9. jiyth; uh$pdhkh9. jiyth; uh$pdhkh9. jiyth; uh$pdhkh9. jiyth; uh$pdhkh :

jiyth] bfhz]L te]j ,e]j gpur]rid kPJ vjph]j]Jg]

ngRtjw]F jp.j.eh.fh. bghJf]FG cWg]gpdh] my]yhj khzth]

jpU.r';fuyp';fj]ij ngr mDkjpj]jJjhd] ,J njhw]Wg]

nghtjw]F Kjy] fhuzkhf ,Ue]jJ. ,e]j mwpahikiar]

bra]j jiyth] jpU.rhk]ej]jhdpnay] cldoahf jdJ gjtpia

jhdhfnt Kd;te;J 6-10-1950-y; uh$pdhkh bra]J tpl]L/

jpU. r';fuyp';fj]ij fl]rpf ]Fj] jiyiknaw]W elj]jpr ]

bry]Yk]go ntz]of] bfhz]L fl]rpia tpl]L btspnawptpl]lhh].

ghisa';nfhl]il rkurj] jpl]lj]jpd] njhy]tp/ jkpHf kf]fspd]

njhy]tpahFk]. mj]njhy]tpapd] vjpbuhypjhd] nfusj]Jldhd

midj]J jz]zPh] gpur]ridfSf]Fk] \y fhuzkhf ,d]W

mike]J tpl]lJ. ,ij fUj]jpy] bfhz]L jhd] jpU. rhk]

ej]jhdpnay] jdJ gjtpiaj] Jwe]jhh]. vdnt jkpHfj]jpy]

,d]W fhzg]gLfpd]w midj]J jz]zPh] gpur]ridfSf]Fk]

\yfhuzk] eh";rpy] ehl]L bts]shs kf]fnsahth]. ,ij

jkpHf murpay]thjpfs]/ ,d]W nghh]bfhonae]jpj] jpupfpd]w

tLfh ]fs] g [h pe ]J bfhs]tJ ey]yJ. ,j]jifa bgUk]

Jnuhfj]ij jkpHh ]fSf]F ,iHj]J epw ]fpd ]w eh";rpy ]

ehl]lhUf]Fj]jhd] tLfh]fshd jkpHf muR rpwg ]g [fis

mspj]J tUfpd]wJ. Mdhy] Fkupj]je]ij v.nerkzp mth]fs]

jkpHh] kw]Wk] jkpH]ehl]od] tptrhapfs] eyd] fhj]jpl mauhJ

ciHj]jhh]. Mdhy] mtUf]F rpwg]g [j ] ju jkpHh]fs] Kd]

tutpy]iy. ,th ]fSf]Fg ] g pwF jkpHh ]fSf]Fg ] bgUk]

jP';ifj] je]jth] bgUe]jiyth] fhkuhrh] Mthh] vd]gija[k]

gpw] gFjpapy] tpsf]ft[s]nshk].

27 C[kúRôhPm

10. g[jpa jiyth] njh]jy] 10. g[jpa jiyth] njh]jy] 10. g[jpa jiyth] njh]jy] 10. g[jpa jiyth] njh]jy] 10. g[jpa jiyth] njh]jy] :

jpU.rhk]ej]jhdpnay; gjtp tpyfYf]Fg] gpwF g[jpa

jiyth] njh]jy] ele]jJ. jiytuhFtjw]F gyh] Mirg]gl]ldh].

Mdhy] nerkzpaplk] mqFtjw]F ahUf]Fk] kd Cf]fk]

tutpy]iy. MapDk] eh";rpy] ehl]lhh]fs] ,g]gjtpia gpoj]J

tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W xspkiwtpy] Mo Xodh]. ehah] rh]tP!]

brhirl ]o jiyth ] j pU.kd]dj ]Jgj ]kdhgd] kw ]Wk ]

brayh] jpU. R.r';fuhy] bjhl';fg]gl]l ,e]J kz]ly rigapy]

jpU. g. jhqyp';fehlhh ] gy Jizj] jiyth ]fspy ]

xUtuhfr ] bray]gl ]lhh ] . kiyahspfshd ,th ]fsJ

jpl]lg]go jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy] vg]goahtJ xU tpupriy cz]L

gz]z ntz]Lk ] vd ]w jpl ]lj ]j pd ; mog ;gilapy ;

jpU.gh.jhqyp';fehlhiu jp.j.eh.fh. jiyth] gjtpf]F

jpU.nerkzp gpnuhpj]j ntl]ghsUf]F vjpuhf epWj]jpdh].

jpU.jhqyp';fehlhiu jpU. gp.v!].kzp/ jpU.T.T.lhdpay]/

jpU.fhe ]jpuhkd]/ _.tp.jh!] kw ]Wk] r py gz]izah]fs]

Mjupj]jdh]. jiyth] jpU.nerkzp/ md]W jp.j.eh.fh-tpd;

Jizj]jiytuhf ,Ue]j ,uzpay] gp. ,uhkRthkp gps]isia

jiyth] gjtpf]F Kd] bkhHpe ]jhh ] . jpU.rptuhkgps]is

tHpbkhHpe ]jhh ] . thf ]bfLg ]g [ ele ]jJ. 47/22 vd ]w

fzf]fpy] jpU. gp. ,uhkRthkpgps]is btw]wp bgw]whh]. ,J

kz]lyj]Jf]fhuh]fs] vjph ]ghh ]j ]jJ nghd]W jhqyp';fk]

nfh#]oapdh] jp.j.eh.fhtpy] ,Ue]J btspnawp jdpahf/ TheTravancore Tamil Nadu Congress (T.T.T.N.C) vd]w ‘tz]o’fh';fpui! cjakhf ]f pdh ] . ,e ]J/ fpw p!]jtd] vd]w

gpu ptpidthjKk] Kjd] Kjyhf bjd] j pUtpjh' ;Th ]

kf]fspilna murpay] fsj]jpy] ,jdhy; cjakhapw;W.

,jw]F tpij Cd]wpath]fs] bts]shk]gps]isfs] vd]whYk]

ePh] Cw]wp Kis fl]l itj]jth]fs] kiyahsp ehah]fs] Mth].

28 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

11. Kjy] bghJj] njh]jy11. Kjy] bghJj] njh]jy11. Kjy] bghJj] njh]jy11. Kjy] bghJj] njh]jy11. Kjy] bghJj] njh]jy ; ; ; ; ; :

,e]jpah Rje]jpuk] mile]J FoauR (26.01.1950-y]) Md

gpwF ,e]jpa ehl]oy] elj]jg]gl]l Kjy] bghJj]njh]jy] 1952

rdtupj] jp']fs] ehd]F kw]Wk] Ie]jhk] ehl]fspy] ,uz]L

fl]l';fshf elf]Fk] vd njh]jy] Mizak] mwptpj]jJ.

,jidj] bjhlh]e ]J murpay] fl]rpfs] RWRWg]gile]jd.

ehfh]nfhtpy] ghuhSkd]wj]jpw]F ,UKidg] nghl]o ,Uf]Fk]

vd vjph ]ghh ]f ]fg ]gl]lJ. jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] xU gf]fKk]/

jpU - bfhr]rp rk!]jhd fh';fpu!] kWgf]fKk] ntl]ghsh]fis

epWj]jyhk] vd]W murpay] nehf]fh]fs] fzpj]jdh]. Mdhy]

vjph ]ghh ]g ]g [f ]F khwhf ehd]F Kid nghl]o cUthapw]W.

jp .j.eh.fh. rhh ]g py ] jpU.v.nerkzp Flk] rpd ]dj]jpy ]

nghl]oapl]lhh]. mtiu vjph ]g ]gjw]F m";rp jpU - bfhr]rp

rk!]jhd fh';fpu!] Kd] tutpy]iy. Mdhy] jp.j.eh.fhtpy]

,Ue]J gph pe ]J brd]w ,e]J kz]lyj] Jizj] jiyth]

jpU.g. jhqyp';fehlhiu tz]or ] r pd ]dj]jpy ] vjph ]

ntl]ghsuhf fsk] ,w';fpdh]. ,tiuj] jtpu !]nll] fh';fpu!]

mgpkhdp jpU.vk].rptjhqgps]is Rnal]irahf irf]fps]

rpd]dj]jpy] nghl]oaplj] Jzpe]jhh].

vy]yhtw]iwa[k] tpl Mr]rupak] vd]dbtd]why]/ new]W

tiu jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] jiytuhf ,Ue]jtUk]/ mf]fl]rpapd]

njh ]jy] mwpf ]ifia btspapl ]ltUkhd rhe ]jbrh+gp

jpU.rhk]ej]jhdpnay]/ jkpH] kf]fspd] Fwpg]ghf ehlhh] kf]fspd]

b$d]k tpnuhjp vd]W mtuhy] tptupf]fg]gl]ltUkhd ehah]

g puhjhdpa [k ] / jw ]rkak] g pu$h nrh#papyp!]L fl ]rpj ]

jiytUkhd gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] Tlhuj]jpw]Fr] brd]W

mf]fl]rp rhh]ghf Mykur] rpd]dj]jpy] nghl]oapl]ljhFk;. ,tuJ

jlk] khWjiyf] Fwpj ]J jpU. mg ]Jy] urhf ] ,t]thW

Fwg]gpLfpwhh]:

29 C[kúRôhPm

“,ilr] brUfy] nghy] ej ]jhdpnay] bgah ] ,e ]j

gl ]oaypy ] vg ]go te ]jJ vd]W kw ]w 3 ntl ]ghsh ]fSk]

mjprag]gl]lhh]fs]. ve]j tpjkhd Kd]dwptpg]g[k] ,y]yhky]/

jpU.T.S. uhkRthkp gps]isapd] Kaw]rpahy]/ flj]Jg] bghUs]

nghy jpU.ej]jhdpnay] bgah] jpUtde]jg[uj]jpy] ,unthL

,uthf xj]Jf] bfhs]sg]gl]L Mykur] rpd]dKk] tH';fg]

gl]Ltpl]lJ. Fkup vy]iy khehl;oy] Kot[ bra]ag]gl]l If]fpaj]

jkpHf ft[d]rpypd] fd]tPdh ] ej ]jhdpnay] vg ]go gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isapd] Fil F";ruj ]jpw ]Fs] te ]jhh ] vd]gJ

jpifg]g[. md]wpa[k] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] (Flk])

jug]gpy] btspahd njh]jy] gpufldj] jahhpg]g[f] fkpl]oapy]

,th] ,uz]lhtJ ,lj]ijg] bgw]wpUf]fpwhh]. ,th] ifbaGj]Jg]

nghl]l me]jg] gpufldg] gj]jpupifapy] ik cyUk] Kd]nik cyUk] Kd]nik cyUk] Kd]nik cyUk] Kd]nik cyUk] Kd]nggggg

,th] vg]go mnj gpufldg] gj]jpupifia vjph]j]J epw]f Kd]

te]jhh] vd]gJ nkYk] Mr]rupaj]ij mjpfupj]jJ”. (nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp(nerkzp

xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg ]gk ] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg ]gk ] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg ]gk ] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg ]gk ] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg ]gk ] – gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] – 137)))))

njh]jy] Kot[fs] 09.01.1952 gpw]gfypy] btspaplg]gl]ld.

jtput[k] ,e]j Kot[fs] kj]jpa murpd] Gazette-y] 14.01.1952

md]W gpuRukhapd. mij jpU. bfhr]rp muR jdJ bf$l]oy]

30.01.1952-y] kW gpuRukhf]fpaJ. njh]jy] bryt[f] fzf]if

jpU. nerkzp/ muRf]F 26.02.1952 md]W rkh ]g ]g pj ]jhh ] .

(Travancore – Cochin Gazzettee dated 05.08.1952, Trivandrum)

,e]j njh]jy] Kot[g]go ehfh]nfhtpy] ehlhSkd]wj]

bjhFjpapy] jp.j.eh.fh. (Flk]) ntl]ghsh] jpU. nerkzpjpU. nerkzpjpU. nerkzpjpU. nerkzpjpU. nerkzp

gpukhz]l gpukhz]l gpukhz]l gpukhz]l gpukhz]l bk$hupl]oa[ld] btw]wp bgw]whh]. mtiu vjph]j]J

epd]w \d]W ntl]ghsh ]fSk] bgw ]w Tl]L thf]Ffspd]

vz]zpf]ifia tpl nkYk] gjpndHhapuk] thf]Ffs] mjpfk]

bgw]W ,th] btw]wp bgw]wjpy] Mr]rupak] ,y]iy." (v.v. urhf](v.v. urhf](v.v. urhf](v.v. urhf](v.v. urhf]

– nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 138)))))

30 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Mdhy] jpU. nerkzpapd] ,e]j mghu btw]wpia

bts]shk]gps]is jpU.rptjhq gps]isahy] rPuzpj]Jf]

bfhs]s Koatpy]iy. vdnt mth] njh]jy] Mizaj]Jf]F

30.08.1952 md]W 1952-140 Mk] vz]zhf njh]jy] tHf;F jhf]fy]

bra]jhh]. jpU. nerkzpaplk] njhy]tp fz]L itg]g[j]bjhif

,He]j ,th] Vd] njh]jy] tHf;F jhf]fy] bra]a ntz]Lk].

jpU. nerkzp ghuhSkd]wk] bry]tijg] bghWj]Jf] bfhs]s

bts]shk]gps ]isf]F ,aytpy]iy. mjdhy] mtiu

vg ]goahtJ njhw ]foj]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]gnj ,tuJ

nehf]fnk jtpu mjdhy] ,tUf]F ry]ypf]fhR Tl yhgk] tuhJ

vd]W ed]whfnt mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. MdhYk] jpU. nerkzpf]F ve]j

gjtpa[k] fpilj]Jtplf] TlhJ vd]gnj bts]shk]gps]isapd]

nehf]fk] . jtput[k ] / ghisa';nfhl]il rkurj]jpl ]lj]ij

bts]shk]gps]isfs] je]jpukhfj] njhw]foj]jjd] cs]nehf]fKk]/

jpU. nerkzpf]F jpU. bfhr]rpapy] mikr]rh] gjtp fpilj]J

tplf]TlhJ vd]w fhH]g]g[ czh]t[jhd]. ,J eh";rpy] ehl]L

bts]shk]gps]isfSf]F ehlhh] kf]fs] ghy] bfhz]oUf]fpd]w

FUjptHp fhH]g]g[rpe]jidapd; gpujpgypg]ghFk].

,d]bdhU re ]jh ]g ]gj ]jpy ] jpU.nerkzpia

jpUtpjh';Th] jpthd] rh].rp.gp. ,uhkRthkp Iaupd] ifahs]

vd]W mghz]lk] Rkj]jpdh] ,e]j bts]shk] gps]isfs]. ,jw]Fk]

fhuzKz]L. jpUtpjh';Th] murh';fj]jpy] Kf]fpa gjtpfspy]

,Ug]gth ]fs] rth ]zr] rhjpiar] rhh ]e ]j ehah ]fSk]/

bts]shh ]fSk] Mth] . mth ]z rKjhaj]ijr] rhh ]e ]j

vtUf]Fk] md]W muR gzp fpilj]jjpy]iy. Mdhy] rh].rp.gp.

uhkRthkp Iah] jpUtpjh';Th] jpthd] Md gpwF ,e]j cah]

rhjp Kiwia khw]wp Vida mth]z rhjpapdUf]Fk] Fwpg]ghf

fpwp!]jth]fs]/ ,Ryhkpah]fs]/ <Hth]fs]/ giwah]/ g[iyah]

nghd]nwhUf]F muRg] gzpfs] fpilg]gjw]fhf 1935 rdtupj]

31 C[kúRôhPm

jp';fspy] muRg ] gzp njh ]thzaj]ij (Public ServiceCommission) epWtpdhh].

“The Civil Service in Travancore had for long been theexclusive preserve of the upper caste Hindus. The Avarnas andthe members of the religious minorities (Christian & Muslim) notbeing given their fair share of representation in the services… InJanuary 1935 a Public Service Commission was appointed withthe object of ensuring fair quota of jobs for the aggrievedcommunities in the Public Services”. (Prof. A. Sreedara Menon– Triumph & Tragedy in Travancore – Page 71)

,jdhy] jpUtpjh';Th] ehl ]L gpui$fSf]F rhjp

kj ngjkpd]wp/ muRg] gzpapy] tpfpjhr;rhuk] fpilj]jJ.

,jdhy] ehah ]fs] kw ]Wk] bts]shh ]fspd] Vfnghf

chpik Kw]wpYk] xHpe ]jJ. jtput[k ] jpU. nerkzpapd]

Kaw]rpahy] SIUC fpwp!]jth]fis rh].rp.gp.,uhkRthkp Iah]

g pw ]gLj]jg ]gl ]lth ]fs; vd mwptpj ]J/ jdp ,l xJf]fPL

mspj]jhh ] . ,jdhy] jpU. nerkzpia ,e]J rth]zh]fs]

(ehah]fSk]/ bts]shk]gps]isfSk]) rh].rp.gp.apd] motUo

vd]W th]zpj]J mth] kPJ fhH]g]g[ czh]t[ bfhz]ldh]. vdnt

mtupd] njh]jy] btw]wpia rPuzpf]f ,ayhj bts]shk]gps]is

jpU. rptjhqgps]isa[k] njh]jy] tHf]Fg; nghl Kd]te]jhh].

Mdhy] tHf]F njhy]tpapy] Koe]jJ.

jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp KGtJk] njh]jy] Kot[fs]

btspahapd. bkhj]jk] 108 cWg]gpdh]fisf] bfhz]l ,e]j

g[jpa rl]lkd]wj]Jf]F cWg]gpdh]fisj] njh]e ]bjLf]fnt

njh]jy] elj]jg]gl]lJ. njh;jypy; gy fl]rpfs] nghl]oapl]ld.

,jpy] fh';fpurpd] epiy 44 Mf jhH]e]J tpl]lJ. ,jw]F Ke]jpa

178 cWg]gpdh]fisf] bfhz]l rl]lkd]wj]jpy] mjd] gyk] 118

Mf ,Ue]jJ. ,lJrhup If]fpa Kd]dzp fl ]rpfspd]

32 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

vz]zpf ]if 34. nrh#payp!]Lfs] 12/ fl ]r p rhh ]gw ]w

Rnal;irfs] (jpU. F";rd] ehlhiua[k ] nrh ]j ]J) 10/

jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL fh';fpu!] (Flk] / nerkzp

jiyikapy]) 8/ jpU. jhqyp';f ehlhupd] nghl]o jp.j.eh.fh.

(tz]o) t[f]F gl]il ehkk]. mjhtJ:

1. fh';fpu!] (fhis rpd]dk]) - 44

2. ,lJrhupfs] If]fpak] - 34

3. nrh#payp!]Lfs] (gl]lk] jhqgps]is) - 12

4. Rnal]irfs] - 10

5. jp.j.eh.fh. (nerkzp) - 8

6. tz]o jp.jp.j.eh.fh. (g. jhq yp';f ehlhh]) - 0

7. epakd cWg]gpdh] - ,y]iy

bkhj]jk] bkhj]jk] bkhj]jk] bkhj]jk] bkhj]jk] ----- 108

mikr]ruit mikg]gjw]F Fiwe]jgl]rk; fl]rpf]F 55

cWg]gpdh]fs] njitg]gLfpd]w epiyapy] vf]fl]rpf]Fk] mWjpg;

bgUk]ghd]ik fpilf]ftpy]iy. vdnt bjh';F mikr]ruitjhd]

gjtpnaw]f ntz]oa R{H ]epiy cUthapw ]W my]yJ

rl]lrigiaf] fiyj]J tpl]L kPz]Lk] njh]jy] elj]j ntz]Lk].

,jw]F rpy fl]rpfs] ,iratpy]iy. bgUthup ,l';fisg]

bgw]w jdpf] fl]rpahd fh';fpu!] fl]rpia mikr]ruit

mikg]gjw]F ,uhrg] gpuKfh] miHg]g[ tpLj]jhh]. Mdhy]

miHg]ig fh';fpu!] fl]rp Vw]ftpy]iy. ,jw]F khwhf/ Tl]L

mikr]ruit mikg]gjw]fhf vtUk] Kd]dpd]W elgofs]

nkw]bfhs]shj epiyapy]/ jpU. nerkzp Kd]if vLj]jhh].

njh]t[ bgw]w midj]J rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSf]Fk; miHg]g[

tpLj]jhh ] . fd]dpahFkhpapy] To jpU. bfhr]rp murpay]

epiyikiaf] Fwpj]J tpthjpj]J muR mikg]gJ Fwpj]Jk]/

$dehaf ehLfspy] filgpof]fg]gl]L tUfpd]w kug[fisf]

33 C[kúRôhPm

Fwpj ]Jk] tpsf]Ftjw]F Vw ]g [ilajhf ,Uf]Fk] vd]W

jpU. nerkzp midtiua[k] miHj]jhh]. Tl]lk] 12.03.1952-y]

jpl]lkpl]lgo ToaJ. Tl]lj]jpw]F fh';fpu!] (fhis) tu

kWj]J tpl]lJ. nrhrpayp!]Lfs] ,Utiu (njhtis kw]Wk]

mf!]jP!]tuj]jpy ] njh ]t [ bgw ]wth ]fs]) kl ]Lk]

ghh]itahsh]fshf mDg]gp itj]jdh]. If]fpa Kd]dzpj]

jiyth]fs] T.V.jhk!] (fk]a{dp!]L) jiyikapy] fye]Jf;

bfhz]ldh ] . Rnal]ir cWg]gpdh ]fSk] te ]jpUe]jdh ] .

jp .j.eh.fh cWg]gpdh ]fs] midtUk] jpU. nerkzpapd]

jiyikapy] fye]Jf;bfhz]ldh ] . jpU.nerkzp

jiyiknaw]W/ tpsf]ft[iuahw]wpdhh]. Tl]lj]jpy] Tl]L

ke]jpuprig xd]iw mikf]fyhk] vd]W xj]Jf] bfhs]sg]gl]lJ.

Mdhy] bghJ bray] jpl]lk] xd]W ntz]Lnk vd]w

gpur]rid vGe]j clnd jpU. T.V. jhk!] If]fpa Kd]dzp

Kd]ng tFj]jpUe]j bray] jpl]lj]ij Tl]lj]jpd] ftdj]Jf]F

bfhz]L te]jhh ] . nrh#payp!]Lfspd] jpl ]lKk] vLj]J

itf]fg ]gl ]lJ. ehl ]L kd]dh ]fSf]F mspf ]fg ]gLfpd]w

khdpaj]bjhif/ njrj]je]ij kfhj]kh fhe]jpaofs] tFj]Jj]

je]j fpuhk g [dh] eph ]khzj]jpl ]lk] jtpu kw]wit If]fpa

Kd]dzp jpl ]l';fisg] nghd]nw ,Ue]jd. “g [d ]dg ]guh

tayhh ]” gLbfhiyfspy] jz]of ]fg ]gl ]oUe]j Ma[s]

ifjpfis tpLjiy bra]a ntz]Lk] vd]w If]fpa

Kd]dzpapdupd] nfhupf]ifapy] nrh#payp!]L fl]rpj] jiyth]

jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]isf]F cld]ghL ,y]iy. ,jdhy]jhd]

mth]fs] ,e]jf] Tl]lj]jpy] fye]J bfhs]stpy]iy. jp.j.eh.fh.

(Flk]) njh]jy] gpufldj]jpy] brhy]yg]gl]oUe]j mizf]fl]Lfs]/

gl]lzk] fhy]tha]/ bea]ahW ,lJfiuf] fhy]tha]/ rpw]whW

miz/ FHpj ]Jiw ypg ]l ] ,wpnf#d] nghd]w Kf]fpag;

ghrdj;jpl;l';fs;/ mepahaj; jPh]itahd kzpak]fuk] nghd]w

34 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

gpuhe]jpa gpur]ridfs] ,jpy] Vw]Wf]bfhs]sg]gl]ld. ,ij

“21 mk]rj]jpl]lk]” vd]W ehkf]fhuzk] bra]ag]gl]lJ.

Mdhy] ,e]jj] jpl]lk] epiwntwtpy]iy. ,e]jf] Tl]lk]

ele]j \d]whtJ ehs] uh$g] gpuKfh] fh';;fpu!] fl]rpj] jiyth]

jpU.v.n$.$hz] mth]fis miHj]J mikr]ruit

mikf]Fk]go nfl]Lf]bfhz]lhh ] . btw]wp bgw]w murpay]

fl]rpfspy] mjpf ,l';fis fh';fpu!] (44) bgw]wpUe]jikahy]

Kd]Dhpik/ mf]fl]rpf ]nf vd]w Kiwapy] uh$g] gpuKfh]

mf]fl]rp jiyth] jpU.v.n$.$hz] mth]fis miHj]jJ

epahakhdnj. Mdhy] btFtpiutpy] rl ]lkd]wj ]jpy ]

bgUk]ghd]ikia ep+gpf]f ntz]oa flik mth]fSf]F

,Ue]jJ.

,e]j R{H]epiyapy] ghuhSkd]w nky]rigf]F njh]jy]

te]jJ. jp.j.eh.fh.t[f]F 8 cWg]gpdh]fs] ,Ue]j epiyapy]/

fh';fpu!] fl]rpapd] cgup thf]Ffspd] Jiza[ld] xUtiu

njh]e]bjLf]fyhk] vd]w epiy cUthdjhy] me]j ,lj]Jf]F

A.A. urhf]if jpU. nerkzp epWj]jpdhh]. mth] btw]wp bgw]W

ghuhSkd]w nky]rig cWg]gpdh ] Mdhh ] . ,g ]nghJ

jp.j.eh.fh.t[f]F jpU.bfhr]rp rl]lrigapy] 8 cWg]gpdh]fSk]/

ghuhSkd]wj]jpy] xU cWg]gpdUk]/ ghuhSkd]w nkyitapy]

xU cWg]gpdUk] ,Ue]jikahy] mjd] me]j!]J ghh]ybkd]wwpf]

fl]rpahf murpay] fsj]jpy] cah]e]J tpl]lJ.

12. bjh';F mikr]ruit 12. bjh';F mikr]ruit 12. bjh';F mikr]ruit 12. bjh';F mikr]ruit 12. bjh';F mikr]ruit :

108 cWg]gpdh ]fisf] bfhz]l rl]lkd]wj]jpy] 44cWg]gpdh]fs] kl]Lnk cs]s fh';fpu!] fl]rp/ jpU.v.n$. $hz]

jiyikapy] mikr]ruitia Jzpe]J mikj]jJ. rl]lrig

vjph] tupirapy] 64 cWg]gpdh]fs] mkh]e]jpUe]jdh;. ,tuJ

bgUk]ghd]ikia tpiutpy] ep+gpj]jpl ntz]oa fl]lha

35 C[kúRôhPm

R{H ]epiyapy] / nkYk] 11 cWg]gpdh ]fspd] Mjut[

fpilj]jhy]jhd] mikr]ruit ek]gpf ]if Xl ]blLg ]g py ]

gpiHf]Fk]. ,y]iynay] Fw]Wapuhf tPH]e]JtpLk]. "fuzk]

jg]gpdhy] kuzk]" vd]w R{H]epiyapy] Kjy] ke]jpup $hqf]F

Mjut[ jpul]Lk] gzpapy] gyh]/ Fwpg]ghf Rwpahdp fpwp!]jtg]

gpuKfh]fs] fsk] ,w';fpdh].

,e]j epiyapy] fh';fpu!] fl]rpia Mjupf]fhJ vd]W

gl]lk] jhq gps]isapd] jiyikapyhd nrh#payp!]L

fl]rpa[k]/ nrh#ayp!]L fl]rpapd] Mjut[ njitapy]iy vd]W

fh';fpu!] fl]rpa[k] $k]gkoj]Jf] bfhz]ldh]. nrh#payp!]L

fl]rpf ]F rl ]lrigapy] 12 cWg]gpdh ]fs] cz]L. ,e ]j

fl]rpiaa[k ] nrh ]j ]J If]fpa Kd]dzpf] fl ]r pf ]F 34cWg]gpdh]fs] ,Ue]jdh]. !]jpuj] jd]ikaw]w me]j murpay]

R{H ]epiyapy]jhd] 12.03.1952 md]W fd]dpahFkhpapy ]

jpU.v.nerkzp miHj]Jf] Tl]oa Mnyhridf] Tl]lj]jpw]F

fk]a{dp!]L fl]rpapdh] midtUk] fye]J bfhz]likahy]/

jpU.nerkzp fk]a{dp!]LfSld] ,ize]Jtpl]lhh] vd]bwhU

jtwhd vz]zk] fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fsplk] g [ife]J

bfhz]oUe]jJ. ,Ug]gpDk] ,tuJ cjtpia ehLtjw]F

fh';fpu!] Kaw]rp vLg]gjw]Fj; ja';ftpy]iy.

,r;NH]epiyapy] / ,e ]jpaf] Foaurpd] Kjy]

ghuhSkd]wf] Tl]lk] oy]ypapy] 13.05.1952-y] Tl]lg]gl]lJ.

mjpy] fye]J bfhs]tjw]fhf jpU. nerkzp Kd] Tl]ona

g[wg]gl]Ltpl]lhh]. ,tiuj] bjhlh]e]J nkyit cWg]gpduhf

njh ]t [ bgw]wpUe]j jpU. m. mg]Jy] urhf]Fk] 10.05.1952fhiyapy] bly]yp brd]wile]jhh]. jpU. nerkzp 12.05.1952md]W fhiyapy] oy]yp te]Jtpl]lhh]. rk]gpujhag]go ,U

rigfSk] Tl]lhf ele]J Koe]j gpwF jpU.bfhr]rp vk].gpahd

jpU. nf.gp.khjtd]ehaUk]/ fh';fpu!] bghJr]rigapd] bghJr]

36 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

brayh]fspy] xUtuhfpa jpU. ky]iya]aht[k ]

jpU.v.nerkzpia re]jpj]Jg] ngrpdhh]fs]. jpU. bfhr]rpapy]

fh';fpu!] mikr]ruit miktjw]F jp.j.eh.fh. rl]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh] 12 egh]fspd] cjtpia mth]fs] nfl]ldh]. ,ijf]

Fwpj]J jpU. nerkzp jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]fplk] Mnyhrid

fye]jhh]. jpU. mg]Jy] urhf] ,e]j Mnyhridf]F vjph]g]g[

bjhptpj ]jhh ] . Vbddpy] ,e]j Vw ]ghL 12.03.1952 md]W

fd]dpahFkupapy] jpU.nerkzpahy] Tl]lg]gl]L vLf]fg]gl]l

rpy Kot[fSf]F vjpuhdJ vd]W Rl]of]fhl]odhh].

Mdhy] jpUtde]jg[uj]jpy] jpObud xU epfH]r ]rp

mu';nfwpaJ. 1952 nk 24-k] njjp jpU. rpjk]guehjd] ehlhh] uh$

gpuKfh] muz]kidapy] (md]W jpUtpjh';Th] kd]dh] _ rpj]jpiu

jpUehs] kfhuh$hjhd] jpU.bfhr]rpapd] uh$gpuKfuhf –fth]duhf ,Ue]jhh]) fhiy 11 kzp mstpy] td ,yhfh kw]Wk]

tUtha]j]Jiw mikr]ruhf gjtpg] gpukhzk] bra]J

itf]fg]gl]lhh]. mth] tpUk]gpajhy] jpU. mde]jd] gps]is vd]w

,ilepiy mYtyh] xUtiu mtUf]F me]ju';fr] brayhsuhf

epakpf]fg]gl]lhh]. mth] jkpHDf]F jkpHdhft[k]/ kiyahspf]F

kiyahspahft[k] bray]gl]lhh]. ,th] g{h]tPfk] eh";rpy] ehL

MFk]. ,th] ey]yth]/ ty]yth] vd]whYk]/ gHp th';Fk]

FzKilatUk]/ jdJ fhupa';fs] epiwntWtjw]fhf vija[k]

bra]jplj] Jzpe]jth] vd]gJk] ep$k]. (bts;shk;gps;isr;

rKjhaf;Fzk; ,Jjhnd*)

md]W jpU.gp.v.fhrPk] vd]gth] tUtha]j]Jiwapy]

,uz]lhtJ cWg]gpdh]/ neh]ikahdth]/ bray]tPuh]. ,tu] kPJ

jpU. mde]jd] gps]isf]F vd]d t";rfnkh/ nfhgnkh bjupahJ.

Mdhy] mikr]rh] jpU. rpjk]guehjDf]F ,tiug] gw]wp vJt[k]

mwpe]J bfhs]tjw]fhd KG re]jh]g]gk] ,d]Dk] To tutpy]iy.

mYty] fhuzkhf cWg]gpdh] btspa{h] bry]tjw]fhf g[wg]gl]Lf]

37 C[kúRôhPm

bfhz]oUf]Fk]nghJ/ mikr]rh] xU tpsf]fj]jpw]fhf mtiu

miHj]jpUf]fpwhh]. Mdhy] miHg]ig kjpj]J mth] mikr]riu

te]J fz]L tpsf]fk] jutpy]iy. re]jh]g]gj]ijg] gad]gLj]jpf]

bfhz]lhh] jpU. mde]jd] gps]is. cWg]gpdh] kPJ cldoahf

Fw]wg]gj]jpupif jahupj]J/ xU +gha] mguhjKk] tpjpf]fg]gl]L

tpl ]lJ. ,ij mikr]ruita[k]/ ,yhfh mYtyh]fSk]

rPuzpj]Jf] bfhs]stpy]iy. ,t]thW gy juf]Fiwthd

bray]fSf]F mikr]rh] Mshfptpl]lhh]. MapDk] gy jkpHh]

gpur]ridfSf]F epthuzKk] mspj]Js]shh]. tl khtl]l';fspy]

cs]s rpy jkpHh]fspd] gpur]ridfisa[k] jhd] ifapbyLj]J

jPh;t[fz;lJ cz]L. gy jkpHh]fSf]fhf rf mikr]rh]fsplkpUe]Jk]

rpy gpur]ridfSf]F jPh]t[k] fz]Ls]shh].

,Ug;gpDk; jkpH ] g punjr';fspy ] / Fwpg ]ghf bjd]

jhYfhf]fspy] vupe]J bfhz]oUe]j gy bghJg] gpur]ridfs]

J}';fpf] bfhz]Ljhd] ,Ue]jd. mitfspy] Kf]fpakhditfshd

rpw ]whW/- gl ]lzk] fhy ]tha ] / FHpj ]Jiw (tpsj ]Jiw)

ePnuw]Wj] jpl]lk]/ bea]ahW ,lJfiuf] fhy]tha] jpl]lk]/ jkpH]

g punjrg ] g [duikg ]g [j ] j pl ]lk ] / r pijt[z]l jkpH ] fy ]tp

epiya';fs] g[duikg]g[j] jpl]l';fs] nghd]w gy jpl]l';fs]

MH] cwf]fj]jpy]jhd] ,Ue]jd. jtput[k] ,tuJ mjpfhu

tuk]gpw]Fs] ,Ue]j jkpH] gpunjr';fshd njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL

gFjpfspy] kiyahspfs] Fonaw]w';fs] nkYk] jPtpukile]jd.

“mg]go ntfkhf ele]jhy]jhd] me]j kiyg]

gpunjrj]jpy] epiyj]jpUe]j jkpH] bgUk]ghd]ik gyk]

Kwpt[z]L rpjWk]. jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!]

gpujpepjp xUth] mikr]ruitapy] ,Ue]Jk] ,e ]j

Fonaw]w ntfj]ijj] jil bra]a Koatpy]iy vd]W

gy murpay] tl]lhu';fs] Mr]rupag]gl]ld. m';F

thH]e ]j jkpHh ]fnsh bfhjpj ]jhh ]fs] . xU jkpH ]

38 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ke]jpupapd] nky] nehl]lj]jpyh j';fSf]F ,j]jid

bfhLikfs]/ tHf]Ffs] vd]W Mj]jpuk] mile]jhh]fs]*”.(v. mg]Jy] urhf] (v. mg]Jy] urhf] (v. mg]Jy] urhf] (v. mg]Jy] urhf] (v. mg]Jy] urhf] – nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk]

– gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 169-170)))))

Mdhy]/ mikr]rh] jpU.rpjk]guehjDf]F ,itfisj;

jLj]J epWj]Jtjw]fhd jhh]kPf gyk] mikr]ruitapy] ,Ue;J

fpilf;ftpy;iy. fh';fpu!] Ml]rp ele]J bfhz]oUe]j

jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rpapy]/ jp.j.eh.fh-t[k] nrh]e ]J

mikr]ruitapy] m';fk] bgw]wJ vd]whYk] mJ xl]L cWg]gpdh]

epiy kl;Lk; MFk]. mjdhy] jkpH] mikr]rupd] gpog]g[ KGtjhf

murh';fj]jpy] ,y]iy vd]gjhy] mtUf]F bfhs]if uPjpahd

bray] jpl]l';fis epiwntw]Wtjw]F ,aytpy]iy. mjdhy]

bjd]jhYfh ghrdj] jpl]l';fs]/ njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL kiyahspfs]

Fonaw]wk] nghd]w Kf]fpa gpur]ridfspy] mikr]rh] rpjk]guehjDf]F

"brhy]" itj]Jf]bfhs]tjw]F ,aytpy]iy. vdntjhd] ,e]j

mikr]ruitapy] jhd; bjhlh]tjhy] jkpHh]fSf]F vj]jifa

ed]ika[k] ,y]iy vd]gij czh]e]J bfhz]l mth]/ ,J Fwpj]J

tptukhf/ yPlh] jpU. nerkzpf]F fojk] vGjpdhh]. jtput[k]/

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] rl]lrig cWg]gpdh]fs]

jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp fh';fpu!] rl]lrig fl]rpapy]

bray]gLtijj] jpUtde]jg[uk] khtl]l fh';fpu!] fkpl]o

(kiyahspfshy] epuk]gg] bgw]w) tpUk]gtpy]iy. vdnt jdJ

gjtpia Jwg]gJ vd]w epiyf]F jkpH] mikr]rh] te]Jtpl]lhh].

,e]j ntisapy] jpUtpjh';Th] muR/ 1953 rdtup kw]Wk]

bgg]utup khj';fspy] efuhl]rpj] njh]jiy elj]JtJ vd]w

mwptpg]ig btspapl]lJ. ,ijf] nfl]lJk]/ jpUtde]jg[uk]

khtl]l fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fs] Jtz]L nghapdh] . Vbddpy]

mf]fl]rpapdh] !]jhgd Kiwapy] fl]rpia tYg]gLj]Jtij

tpl]L tpl]L/ jp.j.eh.fh. mikr]riu Fiw TWtjpnyna

39 C[kúRôhPm

j';fsJ gzpia tpuak] bra]J bfhz]oUe]jdh]. njh]jy]

mwptpg]g[ btspahdJk] ahJ bra]tJ vd]W ja';fpath]fs]/

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH ]ehL fh';fpuRld] njh ]jy] cld]ghL

bra]J bfhs]s vz]zpdh ] . vl ]L ngiuf] bfhz]l Xl ]L

m';fj ]jpdh ]fspy] xUth]jhd] jp .j.eh.fh. jiyth]

jpU. ,uhkRthkpgps ]is. mjd] Jizj] jiyth]jhd]

mikr]rh] g. rpjk]guehjd]ehlhh]. ,th]fs] kl]Lk] njh]jy]

Tl]Lf]F ,irt[ je]Jtpl]lhy] njh]jy] xg]ge]jk] MfptpLkh>

mjw]Fupath] ,irt[ ju ntz]lhkh> oy]yp thH] kiyahsg]

gpuKfh ]fs] ,jdpkpj ]jk ] jpU. mg ]Jy] urhf ]FlDk]/

jpU.v.nerkzpa[lDk]/ jpUtde]jg[uk] khtl]l fh';fpu!]

fkpl ]oapd] ntz]LnfhSf]F ,zf]fk] bjhptpf ]FkhW

tw]g[Wj]jpdh]. Mdhy] jp.j.eh.fh. bghJf]FG ntWtpjkhf

,jid mqfpaJ. mjd] jPh ]khdj]jpd] mog ]gilapy]

jp .j.eh.fh. njh ]jy] Tl]L VJk] itj]Jf] bfhs]shky]

jdpj ]nj efh ]kd]wj ] njh ]jiy re ]jpg ]gJ vd]W Kot[

vLj]jJ. mjw]F fhuzk] cz]L. 1952 mf]nlhgh] khjk]

8 -k ] ehs] khh ]j ]jhz]lj ]jpy ] itj]Jf] Toa jp.j.eh.fh

gpujpepjpfs] khehL !]jhgd rk]ge ]jkhf xU jPh ]khdk]

vLj]jpUe]jJ. mjdog]gilapy]/ jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp jkpH]

gpunjr';fSf]bfd xU jdpg] gpunjr fh';fpu!] (P.C.C.) fkpl]o

mikf]f ntz]Lbkd]Wk]/ me]j mog]giliaj] jtph]j]J ntW

ve]j mog]gilapYk] jp.j.eh.fh/ fh';fpunrhL ,izahJ

vd]Wk] jPh]khdpf]fg]gl]lJ. vdnt mj]Jlnd njh]jy] xg]ge]jk]

bra]J bfhs]stpy]iy. efh]kd]wj] njh]jy]fs] Koe]Jtpl]ld.

khepyj]jpd] tl ghf';fspy] fh';fpuRf]F mnkhf btw]wp

fpilj]jJ vd]whYk] bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] mjw]F xU ,lk]

Tl fpilf]ftpy]iy. Vd]/ jiyefuhd jpUtde]jg [uk ]

khefuhl]rpiaf] Tl ifg]gw]w mjdhy] Koatpy]iy. mij

nrh#payp!]L fl]rpj] jiyth] gl]lk] jhqgps]is jl]or]

40 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

brd]Wtpl]lhh]. MapDk] tl khtl]l btw]wpfisf] bfhz]L/

kPz]Lk] rl]lrigj] njh]jy] tUtjhdhy] 70 ,l';fisahtJ

fh';fpu!] gpoj]JtpLk] vd]W gy nehf]fh]fs] M+lk] Twpdh].

fhh]g]gnu#d] njhy]tpr] Ruk] fz]oUe]j fh';fpu!]fhuh]fs]/

j';fsJ btWg]ig jp.j.eh.fh.-tpdh] kPJ/ Fwpg]ghf jkpH]

mikr]rh ] kPJ Vtpdh ; . fh';fpu!] fl ]rpapy ] mnrhrpnal]

cWg]gpdh]fshfr] nrh]e]jpUf]fpd]w jp.j.eh.fh. cWg]gpdh]fs]

xdwpy; !]jhgdj]jpy] ciHf]Fk] cWg]gpdh]fshfr] nru

ntz]Lk] my]yJ mth]fis fh';fpu!] fl]rpapypUe]Jk]/

mikr]ruitapy] ,Ue]Jk] btspnaw]wp tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W

miw Tty] tpLj]jJ jpUtde]jg[uk] fh';fpu!] fkpw]wp. ,jd]

kPJ ,Wjp Kot[ vLg ]gjw ]F ,ayhky] jtpj ]jJ gpunjr

fh';fpu!]. mjd] jiyth] jpU. khjtd] ehaUk] vd]d

bra]tbjd]W mwpahky] FHk]gp epd]whh].

13. je;ij tPL jpUk;g[jy; 13. je;ij tPL jpUk;g[jy; 13. je;ij tPL jpUk;g[jy; 13. je;ij tPL jpUk;g[jy; 13. je;ij tPL jpUk;g[jy; :

jfg]gd] tPl]iltpl]L/ mLj]jtd] grg]g[ bkhHpfis

ek]gp Xog] nghdth]fs] ,g]bghGJ murpay] mdhijfshf/

btspapy ] jiyfhl]l Koahky; Kf;fhol ;L Kl';fpf ;

fple;jdh;. kPz;Lk; jfg;gd; tPL jpUk]g[tjw]fhd Kaw]rpapy]

,w';fpdh]. Mdhy] jpU.nerkzpia neupy] re]jpj]J kd]dpg]g[

nfl]L/ jpUk]gt[k] nrh]j]Jf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk] vd]W nfl]gjw]F

,th]fSf]F kdj] bjk]g[ ,y]iy. mtiur] brd]W ghh]g]gjw]F

,th]fs] Tr]rg]gl]ldh]/ gae]jdh]. mjdhy] Kjypy] jpU.mg]Jy]

urhf]ifa[k]/ gpwF jpU.Mh].bghd]dg]gd] ehlhiua[k] mqfpdhh]fs].

,e]j Kaw]rp jpU.jhqyp';fk] kw]Wk] mth] gpujk bjhz]lh]

gp.v!]. kzp Mfpnahupd] ntz]Ljy] bgaupy] ele]jJ. jpU.

jhqyp';fehlhh]/ jpU. bghd]dg]g ehlhiug] gyKiw neupy]

brd]W ngrpa[s]shh]. Mdhy] ahUk] jpU.nerkzpaplk] ,J

gw]wpf] Twtpy]iy. mth]fSk] TWtjw]F m";rpdh].

41 C[kúRôhPm

bly]ypapy] gl]b$l] Tl]lk] 1952 khh]r] khjj]jpy] Tl

,Ue]jJ. mjdhy] jpU.nerkzp ehfh]nfhtpy] te]J tpl]lhh].

jpU.v.mg]Jy]urhf] bly]ypapy] j';fptpl]lhh]. ,jw]fpilapy]

mikr]rh] jpU.g.rpjk]guehjd]/ jpU. bfhr]rp muR mYty]

epkpj ]jk ] bly]yp brd]whh ] . mth ] jpU.urhf ]if re ]jpj ]J

Xog] nghdth]fspd] tUif Kaw]rpiaf] Fwpj]j tptu';fis

mtuplj]jpy] vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. mikr]rh] jpU.rpjk]guehjDf]F

XLfhypfis kPz]Lk] nrh ]j ]Jf] bfhs]tjpy] vjph ]g ]g [

,Ue]jJ. jpU.mg]Jy] urhf]Ff]Fk] ,jpy] ,zf]fkpy]iy.

jpU.g.jhqyp';fk] FGit kPz]Lk] nrh ]j ]Jf] bfhs]tJ

tU';fhy';fspy] gy rpf]fy]fis cUthf]fptpLk] vd]gij

mth] jpU.nerkzpf]F Kd]bghU ntisapy] tpsf]fpapUe]jhh].

,Ug]g pDk] 1953 khh ]r ] 29 -k ] ehs] giHa gyju Fk]gy]

jp.j.eh.fh.-tpy] ,ize]J tpl]ljhf mwpf]if btspaplg]gl]lJ.

,J vt]thW ele]jJ vd]W gyh] Mj';fg]gl]ldh]. “njh]jypy]

ifg]bghUs] ,He]J eypt[w]W epd]w jhqyp';fj]jpd] kPJ

mDjhgk] bfhz]l jpU. nerkzpapd] ez]gh]fshd butbud]L

n$k]!]-k] jpU. ey]y jk]gp ehlhUk] mtiu Tl]or] brd]W

jpObud jpU. nerkzp Kd] epWj]jptpl]lhh]fs]. jd] vjpnu fz]fy';fp

epd]w jhqyp';fj]ij VbwLj]Jg] ghh]j]jhh] jpU. nerkzp.

mtUk] fz] fy';fpapUg]ghh]. mtUila be";rj]jpYk] <uk]

mjpfk] cz]L vd]gJ vdf]Fj] bjupa[k]. bgUk] gilj]jiytd]

mbyf]rhz]lh] nghu!] kPJ gupt[zh]t[ fhl]odhd] my]yth*

mnj ghzpapy] jpU.nerkzpa[k ] mth ]kPJ gupt [zh]t [

fhl]otpl]lhh]. Mdhy] jpU.jhqyp';fk] nghu!] my]y vd]gij

ehd] nerkzpf]F vGjpa fojj]jpy ] mg]nghnj vLj]Jf]

fhl]oapUe]njd]. ,ij xj]Jf] bfhs]tjw]F mtUf]F 10Mz]Lfs] gpoj]jd. 1962 -y ] mtnu ,ij beU';fpa gy

ez]gh]fsplk] brhy]yp Kiwapl]oUf]fpwhh]”. (mg]Jy] urhf](mg]Jy] urhf](mg]Jy] urhf](mg]Jy] urhf](mg]Jy] urhf]

– nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj] jpUg]gk] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 181)))))

42 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

jpU. jhqyp';fk] kPz]Lk] jp .j.eh.fh.-tpy] te]J

ciwe]j gpwF/ jpU.F";rd] ehlhUk] mij Kd]Djhuzkhff]

bfhz]L jpU.nerkzpiaf] fz]L mgakpl]L jp.j.eh.fh.-tpy]

1953 Vg;uypy; te]J nrh]e]J bfhz]lhh]. ,jdhy] jp.j.eh.fh.-

tpd] gyk] rl]lrigapy] 9 Mf cah]e]jJ.

14. mikr;rh; uh$pdhkh 14. mikr;rh; uh$pdhkh 14. mikr;rh; uh$pdhkh 14. mikr;rh; uh$pdhkh 14. mikr;rh; uh$pdhkh :

khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] Tl ]lj ]j py ] e piwntwg ]gl ]l jdpg ]

gpunjr fh';fpu!] fkpl]o nfhupf]iff]F fh';fpu!] nkyplk]

vt]tpj Kot[k] vLf]ftpy]iy. mjw]bfd Fwpf]fg]gl]oUe]j

fhyf ]bfL 1953 brg ]lk ]gh ] MFk ] . mJ beU' ;f p

te ]J bfhz]oUe ]jJ. nkyplj ]j py pUe ]J vt ]t pjj ]

jftYkpy ]iyahjyhy ] / bjhlh ]e ]J nky ] eltof ]if

vLg]gjw]fhf jp.j.eh.fh.-tpd] bghJf]FGit miHj]Jf]

Tl]lg]gl]lJ. ,ij kiyahs fh';fpurhh] Vsdk] bra]jdh].

mikr]ruitapy] ,Ue]J jp.j.eh.fh. btspnaWtjhtJ*

elf]ff] Toajh> vd]W fh';fpu!] jiyth] jpU. khjtd]

ehah] nfyp bra]jhh]. mj]jifa xU Kot[f]F te]jhYk]/

jk pH ] mikr ]rUk ] / mtuJ Tl ]lhspfspy ] r pyUk ]

rl]lrigia tpl]L tpyfkhl]lhh ]fs] vd]W Mzpj]jukhf

ngrg ]gl ]lJ. ,ij oy]ypapYk] fh';fpu!] tl ]lhu';fs]

ek ]g pd. Mdhy ] j pU.$hz] ke ]j pu prigia fhg ]ghw ]w

ntz]Lk] vd]w rpe ]jida[ila xU rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]

md]Wk ] j p .j.eh. fh' ;f pur py ] ,Ue ]jhh ] . mth ]jhd] j pU.

irkd] / vk ] .vy ] .V . j p .j .eh .fh-tpy ] Vw ]gl ]oUe ]j g pst [

jw]bghGJ eP';fp xd]whf ,a';fp tutpUe]j ntisapy]

k Pz ]Lk ] xU g psit cUthf ]Ftjw ]F ,tuJTl ]lk ]

Kaw ]r pj ]J te ]jJ. ,e ]j FHg ]gkhd R {H ]e piyapy ] /

jp.j.eh.fh. ghh]ybkd]wwp fl]rpj] jiyth] jpU.v.nerkzp

bly ]y pa py ] mfg ]gl ]Ltpl ;lhh ] . ,e ]jr ] R {H ]e piyapy ]

43 C[kúRôhPm

jp.j.eh.fh bghJf]FG Tl]lj ]ij jiyth ] P.uhkRthkp

g ps ]is 1953 brg ]lk ]gh ] 13 -k ] njjp TLtjw]fhf ehs]

Fwpj ]Jtpl ]lhh ] . ,j]jUzj]jpy ] / epiyikfs] r Ph ]bfl ]L

tUtij czh]e]j jpU.o."hdrpfhkzp 02.09.1953-y] jpU.

nerkzpf]F fojk] vGjp/ mtiu cldoahf ehfh]nfhtpy] tu

ntz]Lk] vd]W ntz]odhh].

“Sri Chidambaranathan Nadar met me today and apprisedme of the contents of the letter sent to him. He was in amood to tender his resignation forth with without any kindof hesitation, but I insisted that he must wait until after themeeting is over.

The Assembly is meeting on the 22nd September and youwill certainly be here before this. The question ofMr. Chidambaranathan Nadar leaving the cabinet withoutbringing down the whole ministry is to be considered inthe light of the developments that are taking place justnow and so it is of utmost importance that we all put ourheads before any direction is given by you”. (Dr. D. Peter– Liberation of the Oppressed – Page 205)

jpU.nerkzp/ ,f]fojk] fpilj]j clnd jpU.mg]Jy]

urhf]fplk] Mnyhrid fye]J/ xU ePz]l mwpf]if jahupj]J

md]iwa bghJr] brayhsh] jpU.bghd]dg ]gehlhUf]F

mDg]gpitj]J mf]fojj]ij bghJf]FGtpy] goj]Jf]fhl]lg]

gzpj]jpUe]jhh]. mt]thW mf]fojk] m';nf gof]fg]gl]lJ.

,jdhy] mikr]rh]FHhik jh';fpepd]wth]fs] vjph ]ghh]j]j

vjph ]g ]g [ g pRgpRj ]Jg ] nghapw ]W. ,uzpay] jPh ]khdj]jpd]

mog]gilapy] jp.j.eh.fh gpujpepjp mikr]rh] gjtpia clnd

uh$pdhkh bra]Jtpl]L btspnawp tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W Tl]lk]

44 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

KobtLj]jJ. ,jd] mog ]gilapy] mikr]rh ]

jpU.rpjk]guehjd]ehlhh] 15.09.1953 md]W jdJ mikr]rh]

gjtpia uh$pdhkh bra]Jtpl]L jpU. $hz] mikr]ruitapy]

,Ue]J btspnawpdhh ] . ,tiuj] bjhlh ]e ]J jp .j.eh.fh

rl ]lrig cWg]gpdh ]fs] 9 ngUk] rl ]lrig fh';fpu!]

fl]rpapypUe]J btspnawpdh]. jpU. nerkzpaplkpUe]J te]j

mwpf]if kl]Lk] me]j Tl]lj]jpy] gof]fg]glhkypUe]jpUe]jhy]/

bghJf] FG ,e]j Koit vLj]jpUf]Fkh vd]gJ re]njfnk>

xl]lhj cwt[ cUg]glhJ vd]ghh]fs]. mJ ,';nf ele]jhapw]W.

15. jpU. fhkuhrupd] ,ayhik 15. jpU. fhkuhrupd] ,ayhik 15. jpU. fhkuhrupd] ,ayhik 15. jpU. fhkuhrupd] ,ayhik 15. jpU. fhkuhrupd] ,ayhik :

g[Joy]ypapy] ,Ue]J jpU. nerkzpa[k]/ jpU. mg]Jy]

urhf ]Fk] Ch] jpUk]g [tjw]F Maj]jkhfpf ] bfhz]oUe]j

ntisapy]/ ghuhSkd]w kj]jpa Tlj]jpy] itj]J kjpuhrp

fh';fpu!] jiyth] jpU. fhkuhriu re]jpf]f neh]e]jJ. mikg]g[

rhh ]ghf jpU.bfhr]rp fh';fpuRld] Vw]gl]oUe]j rpf]fiyf]

Fwpj ]J mth] tpthjpj ]jhh ] . fh';fpu!] eph ]thff] fkpw ]wp

cWg]gpdh] vd]w epiyapy] jpU. fhkuhrh] rpy tpsf]f';fisj]

bjuptpj]Js]shh].

“rkPgj]jpy] jpUj]jg]gl]l fh';fpu!] tpjpfspd] go

xU khepyj]jpy] xnu rkaj]jpy] xd]Wf]Fk]

nkw]gl ]l gpunjrf] fh ;' ;fpu!] fkpl ]ofs]

mikg]gjw]Fj] jilapy]iybad]Wk]/ tpnr#

fhuz';fs] fhl]o fh';fpu!] fhupaf] fkpl]oapd]

mDkjp kl]Lnk bgw ntz]Lk]” vd]Wk] mth]

tpsf]fpa[s]shh]. (((((A.A. urhf] urhf] urhf] urhf] urhf] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 185)))))

,ijf] nfl]l jpU. nerkzp/ ,g]gpur]ridia mtnu

jiyapl]L jPh]t[ fhz ntz]Lk] vd]W ntz]of]bfhz]lhh].

Mdhy] ,g]gpur]ridia jpU. fhkuhrh] bgupa gpur]rid vd]W

45 C[kúRôhPm

fUjhky] tpl ]Ltpl ]lhh ] . kiyahsp fh';fpurhupd]

nguhjpf]fj]jpy] mfg]gl]L jp.j.eh.fh-tpdh] cHyl]Lk] vd]W

vz]zpapUg]ghh] nghYk].

1953 brg]lk]gh] 22-k] ehs] jpU. bfhr]rp rl]lkd]wk]

ToaJ. vjph ] fl]rpfs] rhh]gpy] jhf]fyhfpapUe]j ,uz;L

ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj jPh]khd';fSk]/ kw]Wk] mikr]ruit rhh]gpy]

jhf]fyhfpapUe]j ek]gpf]iff]nfhUk] jPh]khdKk] mitapd]

Kd] tpthjj]Jf]F itf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. mikr]ruit jhf]fy]

bra]jpUe]j ek]gpf]iff]nfhUfpd]w jPh]khdk] tpthjj]Jf]F

vLj]Jf] bfhs]sg ]gl ]L fhurhukhd tpthj';fs] ele ]J

bfhz]oUe]jd. md]W eLg] gfypy]/ jpObud jpU.fhkuhrh]

g [Joy]ypapy ] ,Ue]J tpkhdj]jpy ] jpU.nerkzpa[ld]

jpUtde]jg[uk] te]jhh]. mtUld] fh';fpu!] bghJr] brayhsh]

jpU. yhy] gfJ}h] rh!]jpupa[k] te]jpUe]jhh]. \tUk] tpkhdj]jpnyna

epiyikiaf] Fwpj ]J ngrpa [s ]sdh] . mjw]Fg ] g pwF

jpU.fhkuhrh] jp.j.eh.fh rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fis/ br';nfhl]il

fiuahsh] tPl ]ow ]F miHj]J mth]fsplKk] jdpahfg ]

ngrpdhh]. jpU.nerkzpa[k] mf]Tl]lj]jpy] brd]W fye]Jbfhz]lhh].

jpU.bfhr ]r p fh';fpuRlnd ,ize]J bray]gLtjw]F

jpU. nerkzpjhd] kdkpy]yhJ ,Uf]fpwhh]/ kw]wth]fs] mjw]F

,zf]fkhfnt cs]sdh] vd]w epidg]gpy]jhd] jpU.fhkuhrh]

jp.j.eh.fh rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fis jdpahf miHj]Jg]

ngRtjw]fhd fhuzk] MFk]. Mdhy] mJ jtwhd fzpg]g[ vd]W

rPf]fpukhf mtnu g[upe]J bfhz]lhh]. fl]rp xl]Lbkhj]jkhf xnu

fUj]ijna typa[Wj]jpaJ. vdnt jpU. fhkuhrh] TWthh].

“!]jhgd ,izg]g [ rk ]ge ]jkhd gpur ]ridia

tpiutpy] Kot[ bra]tjhft[k]/ mJtiu fhj]jpUf]fhky]

,g]bghGnj ke]jpup rigia Mjupf]FkhWk] jpU. fhkuhrh]

nfl]Lf]bfhz]lhh]”. “,y]iybadpy] ek]gpf]ifj] jPh]khdk]

46 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Xl]Lf]F tUk]nghJ eLepiy tfpj]jpl ntz]Lk]” vd]Wk]

rhkh]j]jpakhf nahrid gfh]e]jhh]”.

,jpy] mike]J ,Ue]j bfl]of]fhuj]jdk] vd]d vd]W

ekJ rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSf]F tprpj]jpukhfj] bjupe]jJ.

mth]fs] jpUg]gpf] nfl]ldh];

“… ,e ]j ntisapy] jp .j.eh.fh nfhhpf ]if

rhtjhdkhff] fh';fpu!] nkyplj]jpy] epr]rpapf]fg]gLbkd]why]/

jpUtde]jg [uk ] $py ]yh fh';fpu!] fkpl ]oj ] j Ph ]khdk]

vd]dthFk]” vd]w epahakhd nfs]tpia jpU. fhkuhruplk]

jpUg]gpf]nfl]lhh]fs]. mtUf]F ,jw]F rupahd gjpy] Tw

Koahky] oy]yp jpUk]gp tpl]lhh]. mth] gwe]J bfhz]L ,Uf]Fk]

nghnj mikr]ruit nfhupa ek]gpf]ifj] jPh]khdk] MW thf]Ffspy]

njhy]tpiaf] fz]lJ. clnd jpU. $hz] ke]jpupriga[k]

uh$pdhkhit uh$g]gpuKfhplk] rkh]g]gpj]J tpl]lJ”.

vjph] fl]rp mzpfspy] khw]W mikr]ruit mikg]gJ

Fwpj]J Mnyhridfs] ele]J bfhz]L ,Ue]j ntisapy]/

md]W ,unt uh$g]g puKfh ] rl ]lrigia fiyj]J

Miz gpwg ]g pj ]jhh ] . Kd]dhs] ,uapy]Jiw mikr]rh ]

jpU. yhy] gfJ}h ] rh!]jpup vjw]fhf jpUtde]jg[uk] te]J

bksdkhf ,Ue]jhh] vd]gij mg]nghJjhd] vjpuzpapdh]

czh]e]Jf] bfhz]ldh]. rl]lrig fiyf]fg]gl]Ltpl]lhYk]/

mikr]rh]fs] gjtpfspy] ePoj]jdh]. mJt[k] MW khj';fSf]F.

16. mRud] kPz]Lk] mupaizapy] 16. mRud] kPz]Lk] mupaizapy] 16. mRud] kPz]Lk] mupaizapy] 16. mRud] kPz]Lk] mupaizapy] 16. mRud] kPz]Lk] mupaizapy] :

rl]lrigf]F kW njh ]jy] 1954 rdtup – g pg ]utup

khj';fspy] elg]gjhf mwptpf]fg]gl]lJ. ,lJrhup fl]rpfshd

fk]a{dp!]L/ g[ul]rp nrh#payp!]Lfs]/ nfus nrh#payp!]Lfs]/

gpu$h nrh#payp!]Lfs] Mfpaitfs] xU mzpapy] epd]W

fh';fpu!] fl]rpia vjph]g]gjw]F fsk] ,w';fpdh]. ,ij jFe]j

47 C[kúRôhPm

Kiwapy] vjph ]bfhs]tjw]F ntz]o jp.j.eh.fh fh';fpu!]

Jizia bgWtjw]fhd Kaw]rpapy] fh';fpu!] nkyplk] kPz]Lk]

,w';fpaJ. mjw]bfd fh';fpu!] fl]rp bghJr] brayhsh]fshd

jpU.yhy] gfJ}h] rh!]jpupa[k]/ jpU.ky]iya]aht[k] fd]dpahFkhp

te]J jpU.nerkzpiaa[k] kw]Wk] gpuKfh]fisa[k] re]jpj]J

ngrpdh]. mth]fs] jpU.fhkuhrh] gy]ytpiana jpUk]gj] jpUk]g

vLj]J itj]jdh ] . jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]g ] g punjr';fis

jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] mjpfhu tuk]gpw ]Fs] bfhz]L tUk]

gpur]ridiaj] njh]jYf]Fg] gpwF rhjfkhf igry] bra]ayhk]

vd]Wk]/ mjw]fpilapy] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]j] bjhFjpfspy]

ntl]ghsh]fisj] njh]t[ bra]J epWj]Jk] bghWg]ig kl]Lk]

brd]id jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] jiyth] jpU.fhkuhrhplk] tpl]L

tpLtjw]F jp.j.eh.fh Kd] tu ntz]Lk] vd]w nahridia

,th]fs] Kd] itj]jdh]. jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] gpunjr';fis

brd]id jkpH;ehL fh';fpu!] tuk]gpw]Fs] bfhz]L tUtjw]F

Kd]ng/ ,g]gFjpfSf]fhd ntl]ghsh]fisj] njh]t[ bra]a[k]

chpikia mjd] jiyth] jpU.fhkuhrhplk] tpl]Ltpl ntz]Lkhk]>

ey]y nahrid* mt]thW elg]gjhdhy]/ jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]

gpunjr';fis jha] jkpHfj]Jlnd nrh]g]gJ vd]w ntz]Lnfhs]/

mjd] Mapuk] gpur]ridfSld] Mapuj]jp xd]W vd]whfp/

Kotpy] flypy] fyf]fpa fhak] nghd]wjhfptpLk] vd]gij ed]F

mwpe ]jjhy] / ,jw]F jp .j.eh.fh ,irt[ jutpy]iy.

khh ]j ]jhz]lk] jPh ]khdg]go/ !]jhgd Kiwapy] j';fsJ

nfhupf]ifia Vw]W/ cldoahf jpU.bfhr]rp jkpH] gpunjr';fSf]F

xU jdp gp.rp.rp-f]F fh';fpu!] bghJf]FG Vw]g[ mspj]jhy]jhd]

,e]j Vw]ghl]il Vw]Wf]bfhs]s Koa[k] vd]W jpl]ltl]lkhf

Twg]gl]lJ. Mdhy] ,e]j Vw]ghl]Lf]F fh';fpu!] gpujpepjpfs]

xj]Jf] bfhs]stpy]iyahjyhy] ngr]Rthh]j]ij njhy]tpapy]

Koe]jJ. ,jdhy] jpU.fhkuhrh] jp.j.eh.fh';fpurhh ] kPJ/

Fwpg]ghf jpU. nerkzp kPJ jPuhf] nfhgk] bfhz]lhh].

48 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

17. jpU. fhkuhrupd] kiyahsp nkhfk] 17. jpU. fhkuhrupd] kiyahsp nkhfk] 17. jpU. fhkuhrupd] kiyahsp nkhfk] 17. jpU. fhkuhrupd] kiyahsp nkhfk] 17. jpU. fhkuhrupd] kiyahsp nkhfk] :

rl]lrigj] njh ]jypy] / jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]j ]

bjhFjpfSf]Fk] / jpU.bfhr ]r p fh';fpu!] rhh ]g py ]

ntl]ghsh]fis/ jpU. fhkuhrhpd] mwpt[iuapd] mog]gilapy]

epWj]jpdh] . ,e]j kiyahsp fh';fpu!] ntl]ghsh]fspd]

btw]wpf]fhf jpUtpjh';Th; jkpH] gpunjr';fspy] jpU.fhkuhrUk]

mth]fsJ ngr]rhsg] gPu';fpfSk] Kfhkpl]L mjp jPtpug ]

g pur ]rhuj ]jpy ] <Lgl ]ldh ] . vjw ]fhf> ,';Fs]s jkpH ]g ]

gpunjr';fs] jha]j] jkpHfj]njhL ,iza ntz]Lbkd]W MW

jiyKiwfSf]F nkyhf Mh]g ]gupj]J te]jpUf]Fk] jkpH]

rKjhaj]jpd] vjph]fhyj]ij jpUtpjh';Th] -bfhr]rp fh';fpu!]

fl ]rpapd] (kiyahspfs]) Fjpfhy] fuz]ilnahL fl ]o

tpLtjw]fhf* gue]j jkpHfj]jpd] jhidj] jiytuhf jd]idg]

ghtpj]Jf] bfhz]l fhkuhrnu nerkzpiag] gHpj]Jf] Twp

Fiwj]Jf] fhl]Lk] glyj]Jf]Fj] Jtf]f ciuahw]wpdhh].

totP!]tuj]jpy ] ele ]j Tl]lj ]jpy ] ‘nerkzp ve ]j

a[j]jf]fsj]jpw]Fg] nghdhh]> khh]#y] gl]lk] mtUf]F (“mtDf]F”vd]W jhd] ngrpdhh]) vtd] bfhLj]jhd]> tpiyf]F th';Ftjw]F

mJ vd]d filr]ruf]fh> vd]bwy]yhk] ,fH]e]J ngrpdhh].

kjuh!] fhh]g]gnu#d] tf]fPy] T. br';fy]tuhad]/ ‘nerkzpf]F

FoauRr] rl]lk] \d]whtJ Mh]l]of]fps] rk]ge]jkhf ghlk]

fw]gpf ]f Kd] te]jhh ] . mth] tsh]g ]g [ kfs] mde]jehafp

mk]khs]/ “jk]gp nerkzpf]F” j';fs] vjph]g]ig jhs Koa[kh

vd]W nfl]L itj]jhh]. (me]j mk]khSf]F jpU. nerkzpapd]

\j]j kfspd] taJ Tl ,Uf]fhJ* - me]j epiyapy] jpU.

nerkzpia “jk]gp nerkzp” vd]W Twp Vsdg]gLj]jpdhh].

mtSf]F “vd]d bfhGg]g[“ vd]W kf]fs] ngrj] bjhl';fpdh].

tpist[ fhkuhrupd] gpd] Jiza[ld] jkpHh] gpunjr';fspy]

fsk] ,wf]fp tplg]gl]l 14 kiyahsp fh';fpu!] ntl]ghsh]fSk]

49 C[kúRôhPm

Fg]g [w tPH ]e ]Jtpl ]ldh] . jkpHh ]fs] bfhz]l ftiyahy]

mth]fs] tPH]e]J tpl]ldh]. jpU.bfhr]rp fh';fpu!] ,';nf btw]wp

bgWfpd]w xt]bthU bjhFjpa[k] If]fpa nfusj]Jf]F – Fkhp

bjhl]L fhrh]nfhLtiu moikg]gl]L tpLnk vd]W jkpHh]fs]

ftiyg]gl]ldh]. mjd] tpist[jhd] jpU.bfhr]rp kiyahsp

fh';fpurpd] njhy]tp. ,J bgUe]jiytUf]Fj] bjupatpy]iyna*

mjw]fhd kjpa{fk] mtUf]F ,Uf]ftpy]iy.

njh ]jy ] Kot[fs] btspahapw ]W. fiyf]fg ]gl ]l

rl]lkd]wj]jpy] 9 ngiuf] bfhz]l jp.j.eh.fh fl]rp ,g]nghJ

mjd] gyk] 12 Mf cah]e]Jtpl]lJ. jpU.bfhr]rp fh';fpu!]

fl ]r pa pd ] gyk ] Kd ]idtpl Fd ]w pg ] nghapw ]W . jk pH ]

gpunjr';fspy] mij cah]j]jpg] gpog]gjw]F jpU. fhkuhruhy]

,aytpy]iy. jpU. nerkzpapd] nky] kf]fSf]F ,Ue]j

gpog]gpd] gpujpgypg ]ng ,e]j njh]jy] btw]wp. 108 ngiuf]

bfhz]l Kd] rl ]lrigapy ] 44 ,l';fisf] bgw ]w pUe ]j

jpU.bfhr]rp fh';fpu!] fl]rp/ ,g]nghJ 117 cWg]gpdh]fisf]

bfhz]l g [jpa rl]lrigapy] mJ 45 ,l';fisg; gpoj;jJ

Mifahy] fh';fpu!] fl]rpf]F jdpj]J epd]W Ml]rp mikf]f

,ayhkw ] nghapw ]W . nkyplj ]j py pUe ]J mikr ]ruit

mikf]f Kw]gl ntz]lhk] vd]W fh';fpu!] fl]rpj] jiyth]

jpU. gdk]gs]sp nfhtpe]j nkdDf]F Miz gpwg]gpf]fg]gl]lJ.

Mifahy] btWk] 17 ngiuf ] bfhz]l g pu$h

nrh#payp!]L fl]rpf]F fh';fpu!] Mjut[ mspj]jJ/ mf]fl]rp

jiyth] jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is ,uz]lhtJ Kiwahf

jpU.bfhr]rpf]F Kjyikr]rh] Mdhh]. ,tiuj; njhspy] J}f]fp

Rke ]jdh ] fh' ;f pu!]fhuh ]fs ] vd]gnj ru pahdJ MFk] .

fh' ;f pu!] fl ]r papd ] MjunthL 16.03.1954 md]W

nrh#payp!]L fl]rp mikr]ruit mikj]jJ. ,t]thW

jkpHdpd] giftd]/ mth]fspd] FUjpiaf] Foj]j mRud]

50 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kPz]Lk ] mupaiz Vwpdhd] . mjdhy] ehah ] rKjhak]

kPz;Lk; FJ}fyk] mile]jJ. m';fh';nf thz ntof]iffSk]

btw]wp Ch]ty';fSk]/ tuntw]g [ epfH]r ]rpfSk] rpwg ]ghf

ele]jd.

,j;njh;jy; jpU. fhkuhrUf]F bgUk] jiyFdpit

cUthf]fptpl]lJ. mjdhy] jp .j.eh.fh jiyth] jpU.

nerkzpia mth] Kiwj]Jf] bfhz]lhh ] . nerkzpapd]

bry]thf]if fLfsntDk] rupg]gjw]Ff] ,tuhy] ,ayhjijf]

fz]L kiyahspf] fh';fpurh ] tpag ]gile]jdh] . Mdhy]

jpU.fhkuhrh] Rk]kh ,Uf]ftpy]iy. mth] Kjyikr]rh] Md

gpwF/ mf!]jP!]tuj]jpy] gy ehlhh] gpuKfh]fis nerkzpf]F

vjpuhf fsk] ,wf]fpdhh ] vd]gJ ,d]W tiu ,Ul]log ;g [

[bra]ag]gl]Ls]sJ. mt]thW ,wf]fptpl]lth]fspy] Kf]fpakhdth]

rhkpj]njhg]g[ jpU. ghyfpU#]zd] ehlhh].

18. ,uz]lhk] FUr]nrj]jpuk; 18. ,uz]lhk] FUr]nrj]jpuk; 18. ,uz]lhk] FUr]nrj]jpuk; 18. ,uz]lhk] FUr]nrj]jpuk; 18. ,uz]lhk] FUr]nrj]jpuk; :

Fiwf]fhy fh';fpu!] ke]jpuprig bjhl';fp itj]J

Kw]Wg] bgwhj gy jpl]l';fisbay]yhk] rpunkw]bfhz]L

Koj]J itg]gjpy] nrh#payp!]L muR Kd]dhh]tk] fhl]oaJ.

,j]jpl ]l';fs] midj]Jk] tl jpUtpjh';Th ] - bfhr ]r p

gpunjr';fspy] ml';fpaitfs] MFk]. bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy]

mjhtJ jpUtde]jg [uj ]Jf]Fj; bjw]nf/ Fwpg ]ghf jkpH ]

g punjr';fspy] / fle ]j fhy tut[ bryt[ jpl ]l';fspy]

cl]gLj]jg]gl]L mky] bra]ag]glhky] ntz]Lbkd]nw tpl]L

tpl ]l jpl ]l';fs] ,g ]bghGJk] mnjnghd]W cjhrPdk]

bra]ag]gl]ld. fh';fpu!] fl]rpf]F (kiyahspfs]) njtpFsk]/

gPh]nkL kiyj] njhl]l';fspy] neh]e]j njhy]tpfSf]F t";rk]

j Ph ]j ]Jf ] bfhs]tjw]fhd re ]jh ]g ]gj ]ij gp .v!].g p . muR

cUthf]fpf ] bfhLj]jJ. jkpHh ]fis/ jkpH ]ehl ]Lj ]

51 C[kúRôhPm

bjhHpyhsh]fis mg]gpunjr';fspy] ,Ue]J tpul]Lfpd]wg]

gzpia gp.v!].gp. muR jPtpug]gLj]jpaJ. muR ,ae]jpu';fis/

Fwpg]ghf fhty]Jiwia KLf]fptpl]L/ jkpH] jiyth]fs]/

bjhHpyhsh]j] jiyth]fs]/ r';f cWg]gpdh]fs] nghd]nwhh] kPJ

bgha] g puhJfis fhty]Jiwapdh ] g [ide]J kiy

mothu';fspYs]s ePjpkd]w';fSf]F miya itj]J

miyf]fHpj]jdh]. ,jdhy] jkpHh]fs] ,lk] bgah]e]J nghfj]

bjhl';fpdh] . ,th]fSf]F cjtpf]fuk] ePl ]Ltjw]F jha]

jkpHf murpay] tl ]lhuj ]jpdUk] Kd] tuhj epiyapy]

jp.j.eh.fh jiyth]fs] fskpw';f jplk] bfhz]ldh].

Kjyhk] Ie]jhz]L jpl]lj]jpy] (1951-1955) tUle]njhWk]

cl]gLj]jg]gl]L te]j bgU";rhzp mizj] jpl]lk]/ bea]ahW

,lJfiu fha]tha] btl]Ljy] nghd]w tptrha nkk]ghl]Lj]

jpl]l';fs] Klf]fp itf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. ,j]jpl]l';fSf]fhd

gl]b$l] epjpia Klf]fptpl]L/ me]epjpia tljpUtpjh';Tupy]

g [jpa jpl ]l';fSf]Ff] jpUg ]g paij/ kPz]Lk] gl ]b$l]

jpl]l';fSf]F jpUg]gptpl ntz]Lk] vd]w nfhupf]if kD xd]W

31.03.1954 md]W Kjyikr]rh] jpU. gl]lk] jhq gps]isf]F

rkh]g]gpf]fg]gl]lJ.

fz] Jilg]gpw]fhf kl]Lk] rpw]rpy jpl]l';fis gl]b$l]

nfhupf]ifspy] cl]gLj]jptpl]L mg]ghy] ghuhKfkhf ,Ue]J

tpl]L mitfSf]fhf xJf]fg]gl]l bjhifia kdg]g{h]tkhf

eGt tpLtJk]/ tHf]fkhfp te]jpUf]fpwJ. mJnghy my]yhky]

Kd] gl]b$l] nfhupf]iffspy] cs]spl]l jpl]l';fisahtJ

cldoahf “jiuapny fhl]l Kd] tu ntz]Lk]” vd]Wk]/

jtwpdhy] ntW Kiwfspy] mitfspd] iffhupaj]jpw]fhfj]

jh';fs] bray]gl ntz]oa fl]lha epiyik Vw]gl]LtpLk]”vd]Wk] Fwpg]gpl]oUe]jdh]. ,e]j kDtpy] ghh]ybkd]w]Wf] fl]rp

cWg]gpdh ]fs] gjpdhd]F ngUk] ifbahg]gkpl ]oUe]jdh] .

52 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,ijf] fz]l Kjyikr]rh] gl]lk] jhqgps]is epjhdkpHe]J

tpl]lhh]. mth] xU Kjy] mikr]rUf]Fupa epjhdj]jpy] mJ

Fwpj]J tpthjpj]J Kot[ vLj]jpUf]fyhk]. mijr] bra]tjw]F

kdkpy]yhJ/ jiyth]fSf]F vjpuhf rpy tf]fizr]

brhw ]fis ifahz]Ltpl ;L “vd]nd gP#zpg ]gLj]Jif

ahnzh> VJ mf]fpuk gpuaj]dkhahYk] "hd] mjnd

mor]rkh]j]Jk]>” vd]W czh]r]rp trg]gl]L ngrptpl]lhh].

njtpFsk]/ g Ph ]nkL njapiyj] njhl ]l';fis

cUthf]fpath]fs] jkpHh]fs] kl]Lnk. kiyahspfSf]F mjpy]

vt]tpj g']fspg]g[fSk] ,y]iy. vdnt mt]tpl';fspy] jkpH]

tHp kf ]fs]jhd] bgUk]ghd]ikapdh ] . jkpHh ]fs] m';nf

rpWghd]ikapdh] vd]W fhz]gpj]jhf ntz]Lk]. khepy';fs]

g[duikg]g[ fkp#d] jpU.bfhr]rpf]F 1954 nk my]yJ $%d]

khj';fspy] tu cs]sJ. ,jw]F Kd]ghf jkpHh ]fis

m';fpUe]J tpul]o tpl ntz]Lk] vd]gJ kiyahsp fh';fpu!]

fl]rpapd] jpl]lk]. mij bray]gLj]Jtjw]fhf gp.v!].gp. muR

Kd]if vLj]Jr] bray]glj] bjhl';fpaJ. jkpHh]fs] vd]why]/

mjpYk] Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh ] kf ]fs] vd]why] jpU. gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isf]F fh";rpuk]gHk]. jpU. nerkzp mth]fns ,ij

jpl]ltl]lkhff] TWfpwhh]:

“Sri Pattam Thanupillai is a Malayalee and he cannot brookthe sight of a Tamilian crossing his path. He is a Nair whothirsts for the blood of a Nadar, his opponent. He hasdrunk enough of it, not once but twice”. (His letter to thePresident of Indian National Congress 30th Aug 1954)

ehlhh]fs] vd]whny gpwg]g[ vjpupfs] vd]W vz]zpf]

bfhz]oUf]Fk] ehah] jiyth]fs]/ jp.j.eh.fh. mikg]ig

ehlhh]fspd] mikg]g[ vd]Wjhd] vz]zpdh]. gp.v!].gp. murpd]

53 C[kúRôhPm

,uf]fkw]w mlf]FKiwia jp.j.eh.fh.-t[k]/ ,e]jpa njhl]lj]

bjhHpyhsh] r';fKk] Tl]lhf fz]oj]jdh]. filailg]g[/

ntiy Klf]f';fs] nghd]w rhj]tPf nghuhl]l';fis mth]fs]

,ize]J bra]jdh]. ,jdhy] bghJ ,l';fspy] itj]J jiyth]fs]

jhf]fg]gl]ldh]. njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL jp.j.eh.fh. mikg]g[j] jiyth]

jpU. Rg]igah ehlhh]/ mikg]g[r] brayh] jpU.Jiug]ghz]o

ehlhh] (tz]og] bgupahW) bjhHpw]r';f brayh] jpU.Mh].Fg]g[rhkp

ehlhh ] nghd]nwhiu \zhW filtPjpapy] itj]J ifJ

bra]J/ iftpy';fpl]L filj] bjU tHpahf ,Gj]J brd]W

mtkjpj]jdh]. ,Ug]gpDk] ,th]fs] nrhh]e]J nghfhky] fhty]

Jiwapdupd] mj]J kPwpa mlf]FKiwfis nkYk] jPtpukhf

vjph]j]jdh]. ,ijg] nghd]w epfH]r]rpfs] kiyg] gpunjr';fspy]

Kf]fpa ,l';fshd gPh ]nkL/ tz]og ]bgupahW/ FKsp/

fl]lg]gid/ \zhW nghd]w jkpHh]fs] beUf]fkhf thH]fpd]w

,l';fspy] vy]yhk] ele]jd. ,jdhy] cUthd nghyP!] mlf]F

KiwfspypUe]J jg ]g pj ]Jf] bfhs]tjw]bfd kJiu

khtl]lj]jpYs]s Ff]fpuhk';fSf]F jkpHh]fs] Xor] brd]W

kiwe]J thH]e]jdh]. v';Fk] kuz gak] Fobfhz]oUe]jJ.

19. njtpFsj]ij nehf]fp19. njtpFsj]ij nehf]fp19. njtpFsj]ij nehf]fp19. njtpFsj]ij nehf]fp19. njtpFsj]ij nehf]fp :

21.03.1949 – nyna jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]g] gpunjr';fis

kjpuhrp khfhzj]Jld] ,izj]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W/

jpUtpjh';Th] rl]lkd]wj]jpy] cWg]gpdh]fshf ,Uf]fpd]w

15 ngUk] Tl]lhf/ kj]jpa muRf]F nfhupf]if itj]jpUe]jdh].

,e ]j ntisapy] bkhHp tHp khfhz g [duikg]g [f ]

fkp#d] 1954- nk khj ,Wjpf]Fs] jpU.bfhr]rp tUtjhft[k]

,Ue]jJ. vdnt mth]fs] njtpFsk]/ gPh ]nkL gFjpfis

re]jpg]gjw]F cfe]j ,lk] my]y vd]W fhl]Ltjw]fhf gp.v!].gp.

kiyahsp muR kiyg] g punjr';fspy] gjw ]w epiyia

ntz]Lbkd]nw cUthf]fpdh].

54 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,e]j gjw]wkhd R{H]epiyapy]/ jpU.v.nerkzpa[k]/

jpU. v.v.urhf]Fk] tz]og] bgupahW/ tz]ld]nkL tHpahf \zhW

brd]W kf]fis re]jpj]J MWjy] Twp nghyP!] ml]?Hpa';fisf;

fz]oj]J bghJf] Tl]l';fspy] ciuahw]wpdhh]fs]. kf]fs]/

Tl]l';fspy] neuoahf te]J fye]J bfhs]tjw]F mr]rKw]W vl]o

epd]W ciufisf; ftdpj]jdh]. kf]fs] gPjpahy] Jtz]L

nghapUe]jdh] vd]gijna ,J nfhol]Lf] fhl]oaJ.

mg]gl]lkhf/ fUjpf] Tl]or] bra]ag]gl;l ,e]j nghyP!]

mj]J kPwy]fspd] nehf ]fk ] vd]dbtdpy] / Jd]gj ]Jf]

Fs]shf]fg ]gl ]lth ]fs] j';fSf]F ,iHf]fg ]gl ]l

Jd]g';fisbay]yhk] gpwUf]Fr] brhy]yp/ mk]kiy ehL

KGtJk] kf ]fspilna gPjpia cUthf]f ntz]Lk]

vd]gjhFk] vd]W jpU. v. nerkzp vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. murpd] ,e]j

bewp jtwpa nehf]f';fis mth] td]ikahf fz]oj]jhh].

mtiuj] bjhlh]e]j jpU.v.mg]Jy] urhf]/ nghyP!] $thd]fd]

j';fSf]Fj] njhd]Wfpd]w Kiwapy] ele]J tpjp kPwy]fs]

eilbgWk] nghJ mJ bghJkf]fSf]F kl]Lky]yhjJ nghyP!]

$thd]fSf]Fk] Mgj]Jfis tpistpj]JtpLk] vd]W nkYk]

vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. mth]fsJ ,e]j ngr]Rfspdhy] kiyahs

bra]jpg ] gj ;jphpiffs] bgUk] ryryg]ig cz]L gz]zp

tpl]ld. "nerkzpa[k] mtuJ FGtpdUk] njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL

jhYfhf]fspy] cs]s nghyP!] epiya';fisbay]yhk]

gpoj]Jf] bfhs]tjw]F jpl]lkpLfpwhh]fs]" vd]W tpkh]rpj]J

bra]jp btspapl]ld. ,r]bra]jpfis kw]w gj]jpupiffs] kW

gpuRuk] bra]J/ bgUk] gugug ]ig cUthf]fpd. mth]fs]

kiyehL Rw]Wg] gazj]ij Koj]Jf] bfhz]L 1954 Vg]uy]

khjk] 8 -k ] ehs] Ch] jpUk]gpdh ] . midj]J kiyahsp

gj]jpupiffSk] ,th]fsJ ngr]ir/ murh';fj]Jf]F vjpuhf

bjhLf]fg ]gl ]l ‘xU bty]Ytpsp’ (miw Tty]) vd]W

th]zpj]jd. Mdhy] “nfus bfsKjp” vd]w gj]jpupif kl]Lk]

55 C[kúRôhPm

‘ve]jh nerkzp ,';'nd Map nghap’ vd]W tf]fiz bra]jJ.

vg]goa[k] ,th]fsJ kiyehl]L RW]Wg] gazj]jhy] kf]fs]

kPz]Lk] ijupak] bfhz]ldh]. Mdhy] gl]lk] munrh mr]rj]jpy]

ciwe]J fple]jJ.

20. khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d20. khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d20. khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d20. khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d20. khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d ; ; ; ; ; :1953 ork]gh] khjk] 22-k] ehs] ,e]jpah ghuhSkd]wj]jpy]

gpujkh] gz]oj neU mth]fs]/ ,e]jpahtpy] md]W epytpapUe]j

cWg]g[ ehLfspd] g[duikg]g[f]fhf xU bghWg]ghz]ikf] FG

(Commission) mikf]fg]gLk] vd]W mwpf]if tpLj]jhh]. ,e]jpah

jdJ Rje]jpuj]Jf]fhf nghuho tUfpd]w ntisapy]/ ehl]L

kf]fspd] nguhjuitg] bgWk] nehf]Fld]/ ,e]jpa njrpa

fh';fpu!] jiyth]fs] gy thf]FWjpfisf] bfhLj]jdh].

mitfspy] Kf]fpakhdJ ehLfs] g [duikg]g [f ] Fwpj ]j

thf]FWjpahFk]. ,e]jpah 1947 Mf!]L khjk] 15-k] ehs]

Rje]jpukile]jJ. 1950 rdtupj ] jp' ;fs] 26-k ] ehs] xU

Foaurhf kyh ]e ]jJ. mijj] bjhlh ]e ]J 1953 ork]gupy ]

khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[g] gzpfSf]fhf FG xd]iw ,e]jpa

muR epWtpaJ.

,e]j mwptpg]igj] bjhlh]e]J cs]Jiw mikr]rfk]

29.12.1953 md]W vz] 53/69/53 Public Mizapy] xU bghWg]ghz]ikf]

FGit epakpj]jJ. ,e]j Mizaj]jpd] nehf]fk;.

“The Commission will investigate the conditions of theproblem, the historical background and existing situation and thebearing of all important and relavant factors there on”.(Introductory note to the SR Commission Report – 1955)

,e]j Mizapy] jpU.v!].gry] mypapd] jiyikapy]

jpUthsh]fs] bQr]. vd]. Fd]RU kw]Wk] nf.vk].gzpf]fh ]

Mfpnahiu cWg]gpdh]fshf epakpj]jJ. jpU.gp.rp. rt[j]jpup

56 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

vd]gth] mjd] brayhsuhfr; bray]gl]lhh]. ,e]j \th] FGtpy]

cWg]gpduhf ,Ue]j rh]jhh].nf.vk].gzpf]fh] mth]fs] nfus

ehl]ilr] rhh]e]jtUk]/ kiyahspa[k] Mdjhy] mth] ehl]od]

eyd]fisg] ngqtjpy] fz]qk] fUj]Jkhf ,Ue]J

bray]gl]lhh]. ,f]FGtpd] jiytuhf cs]s jpU.v!].gry]myp

mth]fs] gPfhUf]F beUf]fkhdth] vd]w Kiwapy] mjd]

mz]ik khfhz';fshd nkw]F t';fk] kw]Wk] xuprht[ld]

gPfhh] khfhzj]Jf]Fkpilna vy]iyg] gpur]rid fLikahf

ele]J te]jikahy] me]j tptfhu';fspy] fye]J bfhs]shky]

xJ';fpapUe]J ey]y tHpfhl ]odhh ] . Mdhy] rh ]jhh ] .

nf.vk].gzpf]fh] mth]fs] nfus ehl]L tptfhu';fspy] ,Ue]J

xJ';fpapUf]ftpy]iy. khwhf mtuJ bry]thf]if m';nf

KGikahfg] gad]gLj]jp nfusj]jpd] ed]ikapy] ftdkhfr;

bray]gl]lhh]. jkpH]ehl]L eyd]fis ghJfhg]gjw]fhf ,e]j

FGtpy] jkpHh] vtUk] ,lk] bgwtpy]iy. ,j]jUzj]jpy] kjpuhrp

khfhz Kjyikr]ruhf jpU.rp.uh$nfhghyhr]rhupahUk]/

jkpH]ehl]oy] fh';fpu!] fl]rpj] jiytuhf jpU. F. fhkuhrUk]

,Ue]jdh] . 13.04.1954 md]W jpU.fhkuhrh ] jkpHfj]jpd]

Kjyikr]ruhf gjtp Vw]Wf] bfhz]lhh].

khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[f; fkp#d] bghJ kf]fsplj]jp

ypUe]Jk]/ bghJ mikg]g[fsplkpUe]Jk]/ kw]Wk] mJ rhh]ghf

Mh]tKilath]fsplkpUe]Jk] fUj]Jf]fisf; nfhupaJ.

,f]fUj]Jiufs] 1954 Vg ]uy ] 24 -k ] njjpf ]F Kd]ghf

mth]fSf]F fpilj]jpUf]f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] Twg]gl]oUe]jJ.

jpUtpjh';Th ] -bfhr ]r p rl ]lrigapy] 12.07.1954 md]W

Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]isaplk]/ br';nfhl]il

rl]lehj fiuahdh] nfs]tp xd]iw vG]gpdhh]. khepy';fs]

g[duikg]g[f] FGkj]jplk] muR VjhtJ fUj]Jiufs] jhf]fy]

bra]jJz]lh> vd]W tpdtpdhh]. ‘,y]iy’ vd]W Kjyikr]rh]

57 C[kúRôhPm

gjpyspj ]jhh ] . kD mspf ]fhjjw]F fhuz';fs] cz]L.

mjhtJ bjw]nf fd]dpahFkhp bjhl]L tlf]nf fhrh]nfhL

tiu ml';fpapUf]fpd]w gpunjr';fis cs]slf]fpa If]fpa

nfusk] miktij jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is tpUk]gtpy]iy.

kjuhrp khfhzj]jpy] ml';fpapUf]fpd]w kyghh] gpunjr';fis

If]fpa nfusj]jpy ] nrh ]j ]Jf] bfhs]tjw]Fk] mth ]

tpUk]gtpy]iy. mijg;nghy jpU.bfhr]rpapy] cs]s jkpH]

gpunjr';fis kjpuhrp khfhzj]jpw]F tpl]Lf] bfhLf]ft[k]

mtUf]F ,irt[ ,y]iy. bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] ,y]yhj nfusk]

gl]odpf] nfusk] MFk] vd]gJ mtUila rpj]jhe]jk].

Mdhy] mth]fspd] rhh ]gpy]/ murpd] fUj]Jf]fis

cs]slf]fpf ] bfhz]L jpUtpjh';Th ] -bfhr ]r p fh';fpu!]

fhuh]fSk]/ If]fpa nfus ,af]fj] jiyth]fSk]/ jpU.bfhr]rp

rl]lrig kiyahsp cWg]gpdh]fSk] xU';fpize]J xU ePz]l

fUj]J kDit g[duikg]g[f; FGkj]Jf]F mDg]gp itj]jd.

mk]kDtpy] Kf]fpakhf

1. A Tamilian majority cannot continue for all time to be thearbiter of the destinies of the people of Kerala.

2. The competition among linguistic groups transcends allparty alignments and endangers its efficiency andusefulness.

3. It will not do to have language as the guiding factor forpurpose of demarcation. It is on the economic and culturalset up of the people consequent on geography, that the lifeand growth of a people depend

4. Kerala, a unique geographical entity.

58 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

i. Immigration from Tamil Nadu entered andsettled in the Southern Taluks.

ii. Most of the Tamil population in the Taluks ofShenkottai, Peermed and Deviculam consitutteemigrant plantation labour.

iii. The so called Tamil population in SouthTravancore is at present bi-lingual.

iv. Most of the early Vellala settlers have fullyadopted the Malayalee usages and customsincluding even the matriarchal family law.

v. Great irrigation projects costing crores ofrupees have been undertaken in SouthTravancore.

vi. A great part of the land owners are stillMalayalees.

vii. South Travancore has all along been part ofKerala.

viii. These Southern Taluks are geographically asin economic and cultural interests part andparcel of Kerala.

nfusthjpfspd] ,e]j thj';fSf]F vy]yhk]/ tuyhw]wpd]

mog]gilapYk]/ ,ay]gpd] mog]gilapYk]/ g[s]sp tptu';fspd]

mog]gilapYk]/ g [tpapay] mog]gilapYk] jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] jiyth]fs] Kf]fpakhf jpU. nerkzp

mth]fs] tpsf]fk] bfhLj]jhh]. ,e]j tpsf]f';fs] vy]yhk]

khfhz g[duikg]g[f; FGkj]Jf]F cupa fhyj]jpy] mDg]gp

59 C[kúRôhPm

itf]fg]gl]ld. ,e]j tpsf]f';fspd] KG tptu';fis mwptjw]F

tpUk]g[fpwth]fs] mwpth]. o. gPl]lh] kw]Wk] mwpth]. jpUkjp. Itp

gPl]lh] vGjp btspapl]l “Liberation of the oppressed, a continuousstruggle” vd]w Ma]t[ E}iy (gf]f';fs] 211 Kjy] 219 tiu)

goj]jhy; bjsptile]J bfhs]syhk].

21. njtpFsk] jpdk] filg]gpoj]jy]21. njtpFsk] jpdk] filg]gpoj]jy]21. njtpFsk] jpdk] filg]gpoj]jy]21. njtpFsk] jpdk] filg]gpoj]jy]21. njtpFsk] jpdk] filg]gpoj]jy] :

jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] ghh]ybkd]wwp cWg]gpdh]fs]

jpU.bfhr]rp Kjyikr]rh] jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]isf]F 31.03.1954md]W mspj]jpUe]j ,Wjp vr]rupf]if kDtpd] bfL 30.06.1954-y]

Kotila cs]s epiyapy]/ 06.06.1954-y] tpst';nfhL

jhYfh kh';fiuapy] Kjw] tpsf]ff]Tl]lk] Tow]W.

!]jhgd mikg]g[ fhupa';fSf]fhf brd]id jkpH]ehL

fh';fpu!] cwt[k] ,y]iy. jpU.bfhr]rp gpunjrf] fh';fpu!]

mikg]gpy]/ jkpH] gpunjr';fSf]F vd jdpg] gpunjrf; fh';fpu!]

fkpl]o me]j!]Jk] ,y]iy. mnj ntisapy] njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL

kiyfspypUe]J gl]lk] jhqgps]is murpd] beUf]Fjyhy]

capUf]fhf jg]gpj ]J XLfpd]w njhl]lj] bjhHpyhspfis

m';nfna jLj]J epWj]Jtjw]fhd tHpa [k ] ,y]iy.

,itfSf]bfy]yhk] xnu fhuzk]/ brd]id jkpH ]ehL

fh';fpu!] fkpl]oapypUe]J Mjut[f] fuk] fpilf]fhjnjahFk].

vdnt ahiua[k] ek]gp gpunahrdk] ,y]iy vd]w Kot[f]F te]J

tpl]lhh] jpU.v.nerkzp. "ekJ fhny ekf]Fj]Jiz" vd]w

nfhl]ghl]Lf]F mth] te]J tpl]lhh].

,jdhy] 06.06.1954 md]W kh';fiuapy] Kjw]nghh]

KHf]fk] bra]jhh] jpU.nerkzp. tutpUf]fpd]w epfH]t[fis

bay]yhk] Kd] nfhol]Lf] fhl]otpl]lhh].

“ju ntz]oaijj] juhkYk]/ bra]a ntz]oaijr]

bra]ahkYk]/ Kuz]L gpof ]Fk] xU rh ]f ]fhiu tHpf ]Ff]

60 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bfhz]L tUtjw]F kf]fSf]F cupika[z]L. mjw]fhd

rf]jpa [k ] mth]fSf]F cz]L. gy cgha';fSk] cz]L.

mitfspy] xd]Wjhd] tup bfhlhik. ,';nf ehk] bjhl';Fk]

fpsh]r ]rpapd] vjpbuhyp njtpFsk] gPh ]nkL kiynkl]oYk]

,Uf]Fk] . mJ nghy m';nf ele]J bfhz]oUf]Fk]

ml]?Hpaj]jpw]Ff] fz]ldf] Fuy] ,';nfa[k] vGg]g ntz]Lk]….Mfnt mLj]J tUk] rpy khj';fspy] ekf]F r';fl';fSk]/

rr]rut[fSk] Vw]glyhk]. rpukg]glhky]/ jpahfk] bra]ahky;/

kWf]fg]gLk] cupikfis kPl]f KoahJ. mitfis ehk]

re]jpj]nj Mf ntz]Lk]” vd]W Kjy] KHf]fkpl]lhh].

m';nf ToapUe]j kf]fs] midtUk] ,ijr;

rpunkw]bfhz]ljw]F milahskhf “re]jpg]nghk]… vj]jifa

jpahfj]ija[k] bra]nthk]/ bra]nthk]” vd]W cuj]j Fuypy]

gjpy] mspj]jdh].

,jw]fpilapy] njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL kiyg] gpunjr';fspy]

fhty]Jiwapdupd] mj]JkPwy]fSk] ml]?Hpa';fSk]

fl]ltpH]j ]J tplg ]gl ]oUe]jd. Ma[jg]giliar] rhh ]e ]j

$thd]fs] bjd] ,e]jpa v!]nll] bjhHpw]r';f CHpah]fs]/

gpuKfh]fs]/ jp.j.eh.fh.murpay] mDjhgpfs] nghd]nwhiu

vf]fhuzKkpd]wp ifJ bra]J rhiy tHpahf ,Gj]Jr] brd]W

mtkhdg]gLj]jpdh;. ntW rpyiu md]ghft[k]/ ghrKlDk] ngrp

miHj]jr] brd]W iea]ag]g [ilj]J rpiwapy] milj]jdh].

gupe]J ngrp miHj]Jr] brd]W ehl]fzf]fpy] gl]odpapl]L/

gupjtpf]ft[k; tpl]ldh]. jiyth]fis ifJ bra]J jiuapny

gLf]f itj]J gl]odpapl]ldh]. thypg tPuh]fis iftpy';fpl]L

khLfisg] nghd]W filj] bjUf]fspy] ,Gj]Jr] brd]W

gfpu';fkhf iea]ag]g [ilj]jdh] . rpyiu eph ]thzkhf]fp

yhj]jpahy] kh]k!]jhd';fspy] ,oj]J kuz neht[ bfhLj]jdh].

ehfuPf kdpjd] bra]aj]jfhj bfhLikfisbay]yhk] ,e]j

61 C[kúRôhPm

kiyahsp nghyP!]fhuh]fs] jkpHh]fs] kPJ ,iHj]jdh]. ,e]j

Jaur] bra]jpfs] midj]Jk] ehfh]nfhtpy] jiyikafj]Jf]F

te]j tz]zkpUe]jd.

vdnt 19.06.1954 md]W jp.j.eh.fh. fhupa eph]thff]

FGit Tl]o njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkl]Lg] gFjpfspy] epyt[fpd]w

mr]repiyia nghf]Fk] bghUl]L/ 1954 $%d] 30-k] njjpia

‘njtpFsk] jpdkhf’ mDrupf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W jPh ]khdk]

vLj]jdh]. ,ij epiwntw]Wk] bghUl]L MW egh]fisf]

bfhz]l xU FG epakpf]fg]gl]lJ. FG cWg;gpdh;fs; :

1. gp. uhkrhkp gps]is 4. g. jhqyp';]f ehlhh]

2. v. F";rd] ehlhh] 5. v.v. urhf]

3. Mh]. bghd]dg]g ehlhh] 6. jiyth]. v. nerkzp

jpU.jkpH]ehbl';Fk] njtpFsk]-gPh]nkL tl]lhu';fspy]

epyt[fpd]w nghyP!] mlf]FKiwfSf]F vjpuhff; fz]ld

Ch]ty';fSk]/ bghJf] Tl]l';fSk] ,e]jf; FGtpdh]fspd]

jiyikapy]/ 1954 $%d] 30-k] njjp elj]jg]gl ntz]Lk] vd]W

KobtLf]fg]gl]lJ. Mdhy] njtpFsk] tl]lhuj]jpy] tpsf]ff]

Tl]l';fis $%iy 4-k ] njjp itj]Jf] bfhs]tjw]F

Vw]ghlhapw]W. mjw]fhf jiyth] nerkzpa[k]/ v.v. urhf]Fk]

03.07.1954 md]W Rkhh] 2 kzpastpy] \zhW brd]wile]jdh].

mth]fSld] jpU.g.rpjk]guehj ehlhUk] brd]W ,ize]J

bfhz]lhh].

22. nerkzp ifJ 22. nerkzp ifJ 22. nerkzp ifJ 22. nerkzp ifJ 22. nerkzp ifJ :\zhW fl]rp mYtyfj]jpy] ,th]fs] brd]wile]j

clnd Kd] njjpapl ]L m';nf xl]lg ]gl ]oUe]j 144 jil

cj]juit mth]fSf]F fhl]odh]. ,e]jj; jil cj]jutpd]

nehf]fk] $%d] 30-k] njjp eilbgWfpd]w Tl]l';fis jil

bra]a ntz]Lk] vd]gjy]y. $%iy 4-k] njjp \zhwpy]

62 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

elj]jg ]gl cs]s tpsf]ff ] Tl]lj ]ija[k ] / fz]ld

Ch]tyj]ija[k ] jil bra]a ntz]Lk] vd]w Vf

nehf]fj]Jld]jhd]/ Kd] njjpapl]L $%iy 3-k] ehs] ,ij

xl]oajpd; cs;nehf;fk;. ,e]jj; jil cj]juit uj]J bra]a

ntz]Lk] vd]w nfhupf]if kDt[ld] iQnud]";R fkp#dh]

jpU.gp.rp.mbyf]rhz]liu jpU.v.v.urhf]Fk]/ jpU.rpjk]guehjDk]/

neupy] brd]W kD bfhLj]J tpthjpj]jdh]. "hapw]Wf] fpHik

fz]ld ehs] filgpof]fg]gLk] vd]W mth;fs; jplkhff] Twpdh].

jpU.mbyf]rhz]lUk] Rk]kh thHhbtl]oahf ,Uf]ftpy]iy.

\d]W MWfs] Kl]o nkhjpf] bfhz]L XLfpd]w me]j

re]jpg]g[ fiunahug] g[y]btsp nkLjhd] jilia kPwg] nghfpd]w

,lk]. me]j ,lj]jpy] kf]fs] ,y]iybad]whYk]/ Rw]wpYk]

cah]e]J epw]fpd]w kiy KfLfspy] kf]fs] bts]sk] Ftpe]J

epd]W Muthuk] bra]jJ. nfhupf]if jpd Mh]ghl]lj]Jf]F

njh]t[ bra]ag]gl]oUe]j ,lj]jpy] ftr mzpfSk]/ fhf]fp

cilfSk]jhd] Ftpe ]J fple ]jd. iQnu";R mjpfhup

jpU. mbyf]rhz]lUk] rPUilapy] m';nf epd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh].

mUfhik kz]jpl]oy] Vwp epd]W Kjyhtjhf jpU. nerkzp

KH';fj] bjhl';fpdhh].

“,';F Ml]rpapypUg]gJ xU $d t";rf rh]f]fhh]” vd]w

thrfj]ij Kog]gjw]F Kd]ghf jpU. mbyf]rhz]lh] tpiue]J

te]J mtiu ifJ bra]jhh]. mtiuj] bjhlh]e]J v. mg]Jy] urhf]/

jpU. nerkzp tpl]l ,lj]jpypUe]J “me]j rh]f]fhiu ehk] rl]il

bra]a ntz]oajpy]iy” vd]W Koj;jJk] mtUk; ifjhdhh].

mtiuj] bjhlh]e]J jpU. g. rpjk]guehjd] xU g[jpa thf]fpaj]ij

bjhl';fpdhh]. “me]j rh]f]fhiu ehk] vjph]g]nghk]” vd]wJk] mtUk]

ifjhfp tpl]lhh]. 06.06.1954 md]W kh';fiuapy] miwTtyhf

“Kjy] rf]jpahf ,Ug]ngd]” vd]w tPu KHf]fk] \zhwpy]

04.07.1954 md]W bjhl';fpw]W. ifJ bra]ag]gl]l \tiua[k]

63 C[kúRôhPm

nfhl]ilak] khtl]l kh$P!]l]nul] tPl]ow]F miHj]Jr] brd]wdh].

05.07.1954-f]F (jp';fs] fpHik) tprhuizia itj]Jf]

bfhs]syhk] vd]W brhy]yp/ ,ilf]fhy Vw]ghlhf nfhl]ilak]

fhty] epiyaj]jpy] mth]fis itj]jdh]. mth]fns ,ut[

czt[k] mspj]jdh]. jpU.mbyf]!hd]lUk] m';nf cldpUe]jhh].

Xh; miwapy] ,Ue]J epiwkhj fh]g]gpzpg] bgz] xUtiu btspna

bfhz]L bry]tJk]/ cs]ns miHj]J tUtJkhf

fhty]Jiwapdh] ,Ue]jdh]. miwapy] mywYk]/ mjl]lYk]

nfl]Lf] bfhz]nlapUe]jJ. ,ut[ xU kzp mstpy] xU Mz]

kfit <d]bwLj]jhs] mg]bgz]. clnd fhty] $thd]fs] me]j

FHe]ijf]F bgah] R{l]otpl]ldh] “nerkzp b$dpr]R” vd]W

mth]fs] Twp Vsdk] bra]jdh].

mLj]jehs]/ mjhtJ 05.07.1954 md]W \tiua[k]

ePjpkd]wj]jpy] M$h]gLj]jpdh]. \tUk] bra]j Fw]wk] vd]d

vd]gij jpU. nerkzp ePjpkd]wj ]jpy ] tps';ff ] Twnt

mth]fSf]F MW thuk] rhjhuzr] rpiwj] jz]lid

mspj]J ePjpkd;wk; jPh]g]g[f; TwpaJ. mLj]j ehs] (06.07.1954)jpUtde]jg [uk ] kj ]jpar ] r piwf]F mth]fs] mDg]gp

itf]fg]gl]ldh].

jiyth]. v. nerkzpa[k]/ v. mg]Jy]urhf]Fk] kw]Wk]

gp. rpjk]guehjd] ehlhUk] \zhwpy] ifJ bra]ag]gl]lr] bra]jp

bjd] jhYfhf]fspy] fhl]Lj] jPbad gutpaJ. kf]fs]

bfhe]jspj]jdh]. jiyth]fs] \zhW tpiue]jdh]. mLj]j ehs]

\zhW fhty] epiyak] Kd]ghf mth]fs] te]J Todh].

jpU.bghd]dg]g ehlhh]/ jpU. F";rd] ehlhh]/ jpU. vk]. irkd]/

tp.nf. uh$hgps]is kw]Wk] Ch] gpuKfh]fs] m';nf nfhl]laj]jpy]

te]J Todh]. fl]rpj] jiyth] vd]w epiyapy] jpU. v. nerkzp/

bghJr] brayh]/ jpU. Mh]. bghd]dg]g ehlhiu miHj]J/

jp.j.eh.fh. bghJf]FGit miHj]J vLf]f ntz]oa nky]

64 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

eltof]ifia jPh]khdpj]Jf] bfhs]S';fs] vd Mnyhrid

Twpdhh]. clnd jpU irkDk]/ jpU. uh$h gps]isa[k] jiytupl;k]/

‘jpU. F"rd] ehlhiu epjhdkhfr] bray]glr] brhy]Y';fs]’vd]W ntz]of] bfhz]ldh]. jpU. F";rd] ehlhh] epjhdk] jtwp/

jd]dpr]irahft[k]/ jPtpukhft[k] bray]gLk] jd]ika[ilath]

vd]W mth]fs] mwpe]jpUe]jdh] vd]gjhy] ,e]j ntz]Lnfhis

itj]jdh] . ,jw]fpilapy] iQnu";R fkp#dh] jpU.

mbyf]rhz]lh ] m';F tunt/ ngr]irj] bjhlu Koahky]

epWj]jpf] bfhz]ldh]. nghyP!] tz]o ,th]fSld] jpUtde]jg[uk]

nehf]fpr] rPwpg] gha]e]jJ.

23. murpd] rkur Kaw]rp 23. murpd] rkur Kaw]rp 23. murpd] rkur Kaw]rp 23. murpd] rkur Kaw]rp 23. murpd] rkur Kaw]rp :

jpU. v. nerkzpa[k] kw]w jiyth]fSk] ifjhfp rpiw

brd]W/ rpiw thrj]jpd ] fLikia czh]e ]j epiyapy]

mth]fs] muRld] rkuj]Jf]F te]J tpLthh]fs] vd]W gp.v!;.gp.

muR jg]g [f ] fzf]Fg] nghl]lJ. gp.v!].gp . muRk]/ gl ]lk]

jhqgps]isa[k] ,e]jpa njrpaf] fh';fpu!] bghJr] brayhsh]

j pU.khjtd] ehaiu/ jpU. nerkzpiar ] re ]j pj ]J

rkurj]jpw]F Kaw]rp bra]a[khW J}J mDg]gpdh]. jpU.khjtd]

ehah ] j pU.v.nerkzpia rpiwr ] rhiy jiyik

fz]fhzpg ]ghsh ] miwapy ] re ]j pj ]jhh ] . j pU.khjtd]

ehaUld] / j p .j.eh.fh' ;f pu!] bghJr ] brayhsh ]fspy ]

xUtuhfpa jpU."hdrpfhkzpa[k] te]jpUe]jhh]. njtpFsk]–gPh ]nkoy] ,ay]g [e piy jpUk]g [tjw]Fj] njitahd ve]j

epge]jidfs] Kd] itj]jhYk] mij epiwntw]Wtjw]Fj]

jhd] Kd]if vLf]fg]gLk] vd]w cWjp bkhHpia itj]jhh]

jpU. khjtd] ehah]. ,jw]Fg] gjpyhf/ njtpFsk]-gPh]nkoy]

muR ml]?Hpa';fis Kot[f]Ff] bfhz]L te]J mikjpia

cUthf]fpl ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]/ bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]

gpunjrkhd tpst';nfhL jhYfhtpy] gl]lzk] fhy]thia

65 C[kúRôhPm

jiuapy ] fhl ]l ntz]Lk ] vd ]Wk ] / ,' ;nf iftplg ]gl ]l

bea]ahW ,lJfiur]rhdy]/ FHpj]Jiw ePnuw]Wj] jpl ]lk]

kw]wk] rpw]whh] miz nghd]w \d]W jpl]l';fSf]F gl]b$l]oy]

Vw ]fdnt xJf]fg ]gl ]Ls]s epjpia thg!] bra ]ahky]

jpl ]l' ;fSf]F bryt[ bra ]j pl ntz]Lk ] vd ]Wk ]

typa[Wj]jpdhh] jpU.nerkzp. ,itfis rw]Wk] vjph]ghuhj

jpU. khjtd] ehah] vd]d gjpy] brhy]tJ vd]W bjupahky]

fz] g pJ';fp e pd ]whh ] . nkYk] rkurg ] ngr ]irj ] bjhlu

Koahky] jpU.khjtd] ehah] bksdkhf rpiwr]rhiyia

tpl]L btspnawpdhh].

24. jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy; FHg]g epiy 24. jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy; FHg]g epiy 24. jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy; FHg]g epiy 24. jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy; FHg]g epiy 24. jp.j.eh. fh';fpurpy; FHg]g epiy :

jpU. v. nerkzpa[k] kw]w ,U jiyth]fSk] \zhwpy]

ifJ bra]ag ]gl ]L g {$g ]g [iu kj]jpa rpiwapy]

milf]fg ]gl ]lijj] bjhlh ]e ]J bjd] jpUtpjh';Th ]

jkpHh ]fspilna bgUk] bfhe ]jspg ]g [ epiy cUthdJ.

bjhz]lh]fSk]/ mgpkhdpfSk]/ vd]d ele]jJ vd]W mwptjw]F

ehfh ]nfhtpy] jp .j.eh.fh. jiyik mYtyfj]jpw ]F

gilbaLj]jtz]zkpUe]jdh]. ,J Fwpj]J vd]d bjhlh]

eltof]if nkw]bfhs]syhk] vd]w epr]rak] vJt[kpy]yhky]

ehfh;nfhtpy; jiyth]fs] bjhlh]e]J FHg]gj]jpypUe]jdh].

rpyh] Fw]wk] fz]Lgpog]gjpy] Mh]tk] bfhz]ldh]. ahiuf]

nfl]Lf]bfhz]L/ my]yJ ahupd] mwpt[iuapd] epkpj ]jk ]

\zhwpy] jilia kPwpdhh]fs] vd]W xU Tl]lk] nuhl]lwpf]

Tl]lhspfs] <dr]Ruk] vGg]gpdhh ]fs]. ,e]j r';fj]jpdh ]

bghJthf muR cah] mjpfhupfs]/ bgUtzpfh ]fs] /

tHf]fwp"h ]fs]/ M';fpy bkhHp Mh]tyh]fs]/ nkw]gog ]g [

g [s ]spfs] nghd]w nkl]Lf ]Fo fdthd]fshfpa

gp.,uhkrhkpgps]is/ v.vk]. irkd]/ vd].v. E}h]KQkJ kw]Wk]

xU muR gs]spf]Tl MrpupaUk] ml';Fth]. jp.j.eh.fh. bghJr]

66 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

brayhsUk]/ nu#d] tpahghuj ] bjhlh ]g [ilatUkhd

jpU.tp.nf.uh$h gps]is kw]Wk] vk].nf. ghth nghd]nwhUk]

,jpy] ,Ue]jdh]. ,th]fspd] Fw]wr]rhl]L/ \zhwpy] ,Ue]J

jpU.nerkzp Xo ehfh]nfhtpy] te]J ,th]fisbay]yhk]

fye]J Mnyhrpj]J tpl]L kPz]Lk] \zhW brd]W jilia

kPwpapUf]f ntz]Lk] vd;w njhuizapy] ,e]j gpuKfh]fs]

ryryj]jdh]. czh]r]rpahy] bfhe]jspg]ghf ,Ue]j bjhz]lh]fs]

jiyth] jpU.gp.,uhkRthkp gps]isapd] ,e]j epiyiaf] Fiw

Twpdh]. nkw]bfhz]L vd]d bray]Kiwiaf; ifahsyhk]

vd]W jPh]khdpg]gjw]Fj] ja';Ffpd]w gp. ,uhkRthkpgps]is kPJ

bghJf] fkpl]oapdh] ek]gpf]if ,He]J tpl]ldh].

25. rh]thjpfhuf] FG mikg;g[ 25. rh]thjpfhuf] FG mikg;g[ 25. rh]thjpfhuf] FG mikg;g[ 25. rh]thjpfhuf] FG mikg;g[ 25. rh]thjpfhuf] FG mikg;g[ :

epWtdj] jiytiu Xuk] fl]lf] Tlhbjd]W bghJr]

brayh]fs] jpU. Mh] . bghd]dg ]g ehlhh ] kw ]Wk] jpU. g.

jhqyp';f ehlhh] fUj]Jf] Twpajhy] jpU. gp. ,uhkrhkp

gps]isia Kjy] rh]thjpfhupahf 06.08.1954 md]W mkh]j]jp

md]dhUld] nrh ]e ]J ntW Itiua[k ] rh ]thjpfhupfshf

mkh]j]jpdh]. mth]fs] Kiwna g. jhqyp';fehlhh]/ m. F";rd]

ehlhh]/ Mh]. bghd]dg]gehlhh] kw]Wk] m. fhe]jpuhkd] MFk].

,th]fs] xUtUf]Fg] gpd] xUtuhf nghuhl]l rh ]thjpfhup

bghWg]ig epiwntw]Wth]. ,th]fspd] jiyikapy] njtpFsk]-

gPh]nkl]Lg] gFjpfspy] mky]gLj]jg]gl]Ls]s jil Mizia

kPWth]. nkYk] 19 ngiuf] bfhz]l xU ePz]l nghuhl]lf] FG

gl]oaiya[k] jahupj]jJ. ,th;fs; gzFoapy] To 30 ngiuf]

bfhz]l rh]thjpfhupg] gl]oaiy jahupj]jdh].

midj]J rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSk] Cupy] ,Ue]jdh]

vd]whYk] \zhW g[wg ]gLtjw]F ahUk] Kd] tutpy]iy.

Vbddpy] Kjy] rh ]thjpfhupahd gp.,uhkrhkpgps]isf]F

67 C[kúRôhPm

kw]wth]fis Kiwg]gLj]j ,aytpy]iy. ahUk] Kd] tu

ja';fpa epiyapy] cly] eyk] Fd]wpapUe]j vk].tpy]ypak]/

vk].vy].V. \zhWf]Fr] bry]y Kd] te]jhh]. mth] jiyikapy]

brd]w $hjh \zhwpy] brd]W jh ]zhtpy] fye]J

bfhz]likahy]/ ifjhfp jpUtde]jg [uk ] r piw brd]W/

jpU.v.nerkzp FGkj]Jld] nrh ]e ]J bfhz]ldh]. mLj]J

jpU. ,uhkrhkpgps]is jh]zht[f]Fr] bry]y Kd] te]jhh].

Mdhy] mth] xU vk].vy].V - apd] Jiziaf] nfl]lhh]. mjw]F

jpU.F";rd]ehlhh ] ,z';fhjjhy] jpU.,uhkrhkpgps]is

Kaw]rpapypUe]J tpyfpf] bfhz]lhh ] . Mifahy] mtuJ

,lj]jpy] g[wg]gLtjw]F Kd] te]jhh] jpU.bghd]dg]g ehlhh].

jpU. bghd]dg]gehlhh]. 23.07.1954 md]W g[wg]gl]L \zhW

brd]W ifjhfp 26.07.1954 md]W jpUtde]jg[uk] kj]jpa rpiwf]F

te]J nrh]e]jhh]. ntW vtUk] Kd] tuhjjhy] 26.07.1954 md]W

jpU. ,uhkrhkp gps]is g[wg]gl]lhh]. jhd] ,y]yhj neuj]jpy]

mtupd] gjpypahfr] bray]gLtjw]F jpU.irkd]/ vk].vy].V.ia

mjpfhug]gLj]jpdhh]. Mdhy]/ jpU.F";rd] ehlhh] mij nrl]il

bra]ahky]/ rh]thjpfhug] bghWg]ig jhnd vLj]Jf] bfhz]lhh].

\zhWf]Fg] g[wg]gl]l Kjy] rh]thjpfhup m';nf bry]yhky]

ghyha]f]Fr] brd]W ifjhfp m';nfna rpiwapy] ,Ue]jhh] vd]W

gpwF bjupa te]jJ. jil cj]jut[ ,y]yhj ghyhapy] mth] Vd]

ifjhf ntz]Lk]> 1955 Mf!]L 1-k] ehs] mjw]F vd]d fhuzk]

vd]W mtnu gjpy] Twpdhh].

“vd]id vy]nyhUk] kwpaYf]Fg] nghfhj xU

nfhiH vd]W th]zpj]jhh]fs]. mjdhy]jhd]

ehd] nghf ntz]o te]jJ”.

vd]W Twp rkhspj]jhh]. ,Ug]gpDk] mth] \zhWf]Fg]

nghftpy]iy. Kiwia fHpg]gJ nghd]W ,Ue]jJ mtuJ

kwpay] g[wg]ghL.

68 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

26. F"]rd] ehlhUf]F beUf]Fjy] 26. F"]rd] ehlhUf]F beUf]Fjy] 26. F"]rd] ehlhUf]F beUf]Fjy] 26. F"]rd] ehlhUf]F beUf]Fjy] 26. F"]rd] ehlhUf]F beUf]Fjy] :

jpU. F"]rd] ehlhh] bghWg]g[f]F te]j gpwF $hjhf]fs]

ehfh]nfhtpypUe]J kl]Lk] g[wg]glhky; jf]fiy/ khh]j]jhz]lk]

nghd]w gy]ntW KidfspypUe]Jk] \zhWf]F g[wg]gl]Lr]

brd]wd. mth]fspy] rpyh] kj]jpa rpiwf]F te]J tpl]ldh]. ,Ug]gpDk]

jpU.F"]rd] ehlhUf]F epiwa eilKiw rpf ]fy]fSk]/

vjph]g]g[fSk] cUthfptpl]ld. jpU.,uhkrhkp gps]is tpl]Lr] brd]w

mYtyf nkyhsh] jpU.F"]rd] ehlhUld] xj]JiHf]ftpy]iy.

mjdhy] mtUf]Fg] gjpyhf jpU.n$.n$k]!] mkh]j]jg]gl]lhh].

,uz]lhtjhf mtUf]F gzKilia cUthf]fptpl]ldh]

jpU.,uhkrhkpg]gps]is FGkj]jpdh]. Ith]fs] ml';fpa Mf]#d]

ftd]rpypy ] gzg]bghWg]g[ irkd] nfh#]oaplk] ,Ue]jJ.

jpU.,uhkrhkpg]gps]is \zhWf]F g[wg]gLk] nghJ gzg]bghWg]g[

jpU.,uh$hgps]isaplKk]/ mtUf]Fg] gpwF jpU.fpwp!]nlhghplKk]

tplg]gl]oUe]jJ. ,jd] kiwKf nehf]fk] jpU.F";rd] ehlhUf]F

gz cjtp fpilf]fhky] jilgl ntz]Lk] vd]w nehf]fj]njhnl

bra]j Vw]ghlhFk]. ,th] jp.j.eh.fh. tpy] ,iztjw]F Kd]g[

bea]ahw ]wpd ]fiuapy] jpUtpjh';Th ] !]nll ] fh';fpu!]

gpuKfuhf gy fhyk] gzpahw]wpdhh]. mt]tikak] m';nf ,e]J

ehlhh]/ fpwp!]jt ehlhh] vd]w gpuptpidthjk] vGe]jJ. ,ij

fise]J mth]fspilna rka ntw]Wikapd]wp xU';fpizg]g[f]F

vd gy fpwp!]jt ehlhh]fs] bgUk] Kaw]rp vLj]Jf] bfhz]ldh].

Mdhy] ,e]j xw]Wikf]F vjpuhf jpU.F";rd] ehlhh] bray]gl]lhh].

“More over certain Nadar leaders of the State Congress likeA. Kunjan Nadar, K.P. Nadar and Padbhanabhan Nadaropposed the attempt to Nadar solidarity, in the name ofreligion”. (Aspects of South Indian History– Dr. D. Daniel – Travancore State Congress VersusNadar's Solidarity Move 1939-1940– Page 281)

69 C[kúRôhPm

jtput[k] ,th] jp.j.eh.fh-tpd] jiyth] Mfptpl ntz]Lk]

vd]w Fwpf ]nfhspYk] bray]gl ;L te]jhh ] . ,J Fwpj ]J

jpU.nerkzpf]F foj';fSk] vGjpdhh]. ,jdhy] fl]rpf]Fs]

bgupa vjph]g]g[ ,tUf]F cz]lhapw]W. kw]wth]fis kjpf]fhky]

jd]dpr]irahf epd]W bray;gLk; jd]ika[iltuhft[k]

fhzg]gl]lhh]. ,jdhy] jpU.F";rd]ehlhh] bray] ,He]J bghJ

nehf]fhd jh ]zhit jlk] kwpf ]ft[k ] / mHpf ]ft[k ]

,f]nfh#;oapdh] Kide]jdh].

jpU. fpwp!]nlhghplk ] nrh ]e ]j gzj]ija[k ] mth ]

jpU. ,uh$hgps]isaplk] bfhLj]Jtpl ]lhh ] . RU';ff ]

TWtjhapd] ,th]fsplj]jpy] nrh]e]j gzk] jpU.F";rd] ehlhh]

trk] tutpy]iy. MdhYk] jh ]zh nghuhl ]l';fs] ve ]j

jl';fYkpd]wp / Kd]ig tpl ntfkhf elj]jp te ]jhh ]

jpU.F";rd]. TLjy] $hjhf]fisa[k]/ bghJf]Tl]l';fisa[k]/

g";rhaj]J jiyth]fisa[k]/ efh]kd]w jiyth]fisa[k]

kwpaypy] <Lglr] bra]jhh]. md]iwa R{H]epiyapy] ,e]j ntfk]

jpU.F";rd] ehlhuhy]jhd] cUthapw]W. mtUf]Fj]jhd]

gpur]rhu tYt[k]/ gztYt[k] ,Ue]jd.

27. gd]Kfkhf]Ftjw]Fk; Kaw]rp 27. gd]Kfkhf]Ftjw]Fk; Kaw]rp 27. gd]Kfkhf]Ftjw]Fk; Kaw]rp 27. gd]Kfkhf]Ftjw]Fk; Kaw]rp 27. gd]Kfkhf]Ftjw]Fk; Kaw]rp :

‘F";rid ftpH ]g ]gJ’ vd]w xnu Fwpg ]nfhspy]

bray]gl]L te]j jpU. irkd] mjpy] btw]wp bgw Koatpy]iy.

vdnt mth] nfh#]oapdh ] “mth] ntfkhfg ] nghfpwhh ] /

nerkzpia tpl tsh]e ]J tpl]lhh ]” vd]w bgha] g [uspia

fpsg ]g ptpl ]L/ nghuhl ]lj ]ij gd]Kfg]gLj]j Kad]wdh ] .

,jw]fpilapy] :

jpU. nerkzp tpLjiyahfp btspapy] tUk]nghJ

jpUtde]jg[uk] kj]jpar] rpiw thrypy] mtUf]F 144 bts]isf]

fhh ]fspy] brd]W tuntw]g [ mspj ]jpl ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] /

70 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

md]gspg]ghf +.25,000/- mtuplk] mspj]jpl ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]

Twp kPz]Lk] gz tR{ypy] ,w';fpdh] irkd] nfh#]oapdh].

Rkhh] xU thuk] bghWiknahL fhj]jpUe]j jpU. F";rd] ehlhh]/

jpU. ,uh$h gps]isaplk] tR{y] fzf]F nfl]L nehl]O!]

mDg]gpdhh ] . mija[k ] cjhrPdg ]gLj]jptpl ]L/ F";rid

xJf]Ftjw]fhf nghuhl]lj]ij gd]Kfkhf]Fk] Kaw]rpapy]

mf]Tl]lk] ,w';fpaJ. ,ij xU rh ]t fl]rp ,af]fkhf

khw]Wtjw]fhd Kaw]rpapy ] mth ]fs] ,w';fpdh ] . ,e ]j

Kaw]rpapy] mtUld] irkd]/ E}h]KfkJ/ re]jduh$]/ ghth

Kjyhndhh] xj]JiHg]g[ mspj]jdh].

jpU.mz]zhJiu/ jpU.k.bgh.rpt"hdfpuhkzpahh]/

jpU.g.$Pthde]jk ] Mfpnahupd] Tl]Lg ] bghWg ]g py ]

nghuhl]lj]ij bjhlh]e ]J elj]jg] nghtjhf mwpf]ifa[k]

btspapl;ldh]. ,e]j jpl]lj]Jf]F Mjut[ nfl]L jpU.mz]zhJiu/

jpU.F"]rd] ehlhiu mtuJ tPl]oy] re]jpj]J ngrpdhh]. ,e]j

Kaw]rp xd]wpuz]L bjUf] Tl]l';fnshL Kw]W bgw]Wtpl]lJ.

mth]fSf]F \zhW kwpaYf]Fr] bry]Yk] jpl ]lk] VJk]

,y]iy. fsj]jpy] v";rp epd]w fl]rp fk]a{dp!]Lfs] kl]Lnk.

28. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] Mh]ghl]l';fs] 28. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] Mh]ghl]l';fs] 28. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] Mh]ghl]l';fs] 28. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] Mh]ghl]l';fs] 28. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] Mh]ghl]l';fs] :

If]fpa jkpHfk] mikg]gjw]F bgupa vjpup gz]ojh]

$tQh]yhy] neU (,e]jpa gpujkh]) vd]Wk]/ mtiu tpl]L tpl]L

Kjyikr]rh] gl]lk] jhqgps]isf]F vjpuhfg] nghuhLtjpy]

ve]j tpntfKk] ,y]iybad]Wk] fk]a{dp!]Lfs] th]zpj]jdh].

,th ]fsJ ,j]jifa tUzid bghJ kf]fsplk] tpiy

nghftpy]iy. m"]ry] mYtyf';fspy] kwpay] bra]tjw]F te]j

fk]a{dp!]Lfis kf]fs] jLj]jdh]. vdnt mth]fs] jpl]lk]

gpRgpRj]Jtpl]lJ. Tl]L kwpaYf]F jpU. F";rd] ehlhh] ,irt[

jutpy]iy. ,e]j ntisapy] cl]g{ry] fhuzkhf irkd]

71 C[kúRôhPm

nfh#]oapdh] fk]a{dp!]LfSf]F kiwKf Mjut[ mspj]jdh].

mth]fsJ nehf]fk; jpU. F";rd] ehlhiu ftpH] ]j ]J tpl

ntz]Lk] vd]gJ kl]Lnk.

29. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] rjp 29. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] rjp 29. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] rjp 29. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] rjp 29. fk]a{dp!]Lfspd] rjp :

fk]a{dp!]L jiyth]fspy] md]W Kd]dzpapy] ,Ue]jth]

njhHh] g. $Pthde]jk] Mthh]. ,tUf]F brhe]j Ch] g{jg]ghz]o

vd]whYk]/ jdJ 12-tJ tajpy] tPl ]il tpl]L btspnawp

jkpHfj]jpw]Fr] brd]W murpaypy] gpugykhdth] mth].

“ehd] ehfh]nfhtpypypUe]j nghJ/ jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!]

jiyth]fspy] xUtuhd jpU.F";rd] ehlhh ] gp .v. gp .vy] .

mth]fs]/ jdJ ,y]yj]jpy] vdf]Fk]/ fk]a{dp!]L jiyth] g.

$Pthde]jk] mth]fSf]Fk] xUehs] gfy] tpUe]jspj]jhh].

“mg]nghJ bjw]bfy]iyf] fpsh]r]rp gw]wp tpthjpj]njhk].

Mf!]L 11-y] (1954) jpUtpjh';Th] rk!]jhdk] KGtJk]

fk]a{dp!]L fl]rpapd] bry]thf]fpYs]s bjhHpyhsh]fs] bghJ

ntiy epWj]jk] bra]ag] nghtjhft[k]/ mnj ehspy] bjd]

jpUtpjh';TupYk] jkpHh ]fs] muRf]F vjpuhf xU bgupa

Mh]ghl]lj]ij elj]jpdhy]/ fh';fpu!] fl]rpapd] MjunthL

gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] jiyikapy] eilbgWk] gpu$h

nrhrpayp!]L fl]rpapd] Ml]rpia ftpH]j]J tplyhbkd]wk]/

$Pth Twpdhh]. fk]a{dp!]L fl]rpapd] jpUtpjh';Th] rk!]jhdf]

fpisahy] mDg]gg]gl]nl $Pth ,e]j Mnyhridiar] brhd]dhh].

vdf]F ,e]j nahrid gpof ]ftpy]iy. fk]a{dp!]fspd]

bjhHpw]r';fg; nghuhl]lk] th]f]fg] gpur]rid. bjw]bfy]iyf]

fpsh ]r ]r pnah ,dg]gpur ]rid. ,e]j ,uz]Lf]Fkpilna

Kuz]ghL ,y]iybad]whYk]/ jpUtpjh';Tupy] bjhHpw]r';f

,af]fj ]ij elj]Jk] fk ]a{dp!]Lfs] mt]tst[ngUk]

kiyahspfs]* mth]fs]/ bjw]bfy]iyf] fpsh]r]rp elj]Jnthuplk]

72 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ey]byz]zkpy]yhjth]fs]. mth]fSf]F Mjut[ fhl]o gl]lk]

jhqgps]is Ml]rpf ]F vjpuhf fpsh ]r ]r p elj]JtJ

rhj]jpakpy]iy vd]W ehd] $Pthtplk] Twpndd].

“fk]a{dp!]Lfis ek]gpg] nghuhl]lj]jpy] <LgLtJk]

vdf]Fg] gpof]ftpy]iy. Mdhy]/ ehd] brd]id jpUk]gpa gpd]dh]

jpU. F";rd] ehlhh]/ $Pthtpd] tiyapy] tpGe]J tpl]lhh].

mg]nghJ jpU. nerkzp rpiwapy] ,Ue]jhh]”. (mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk]

– gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 731 – 732)))))

cl]g{riya[k] fk]a{dp!]L R{l]rpiaa[k] ftdj]jpy]

bfhs]shky] jpU. F"]rd] ehlhh] "tpnkhrd ehs]" nghuhl]lj]

jpl]lj]ij mwptpj]jhh]. mjd]go 1954 Mf!]L 9-k] ehis

tpnkhrd ehs] vd]W mwptpj]jhh]. ,e]j ntisapy] fk]a{dp!]L

Mjut[ bjhHpyhsh] a{dpad] Mf!]L 11-k] ehs] jpUtpjh';Th]

- bfhr]rp KGtJk] bghJ ntiy epWj]jk] bra]ag] nghtjhf

muRf]F jhf ]f PJ bfhLj]jpUe]jdh ] . ,e ]j 9-k ] ehs]

fk]a{dp!]LfSf]F xj]J tutpy]iyahjyhy]/ tpnkhrid ehs]

nghuhl]lj]ij Mf!]L 11-f ]F js]spg ] nghl jpU.F";rd]

ehlhiu njhHh] g. $Pthde]jk] beUf]Fjy] bfhLj]jhh]. jpU.

nerkzp btspapy ] ,y]yhj neuj]jpy ] fpsh ]r ]r papy ]

g[ul]rpfukhWjy]fisr] bra]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W jpU. F";rd]

ehlhh; vz]zpapUg]ghh] nghYk;. mjdhy] jp.j.eh.fh. jdpj]J

epd]W jh]zh nghuhl]lk] bra]tij tpl/ fk]a{dp!]LfSl;d]

,ize]J epd]W nghuhl]lk] elj]jpdhy] mjd] jhf]fk] bgupjhf

,Uf]Fk] vd]W mth] kdf]nfhl]il fl]oapUg]ghh]. mjdhy]

njhHh] g.$Pthde]jjpd] ntz]LnfhSf]F ,z';fp tpnkhrd

ehs] (Deliverance Day) nghuhl]lj]ij jpU. F";rd] ehlhh]

epr ]rapf ]fg ]gl ]l Mf!]L 9-k ] ehspypUe]J/ Mf!]L 11-k ]

ehSf]F khw]wpaikj]jhh ] . ,e]j khWjiy jpU. irkd]

FGtpdUk] Mjupj]jdh]. jtput[k] 9-k] ehspy] tpnkhrdehs]

73 C[kúRôhPm

mwg]nghh] KG btw]wp bgwhky] ngha]tpLnkh vd]w mr]rKk]

jpU. F";rd] ehlhUf]F cz]lhapUe]jJ. Vbddpy] fl]rpapy]

cl]g {ry] tYthf ,Ue]jjhy] Mf!]L 9-k ] ehs] vjph ]

nfh#]oapdh] xj]JiHg]g [j ] ju kWj]Jtpl]lhy] nghuhl]lk]

gpRgpRj]JtpLk] vd]W mth] m";rpdhh]. vdnt tpnkhrd ehs]

(tpLjiy ehs]) nghuhl]lj]ij Mf!]L 11-k] ehSf]F khw]wp

itj]J mwpf]ifa[k] btspapl]lhh] jpU. F";rd] ehlhh].

Mdhy] ele]jJ vd]d> jpU.k.bgh.rp. M+lg]gl]lJ

nghd]W/ fk]a{dp!]Lfs] (kiyahsp) jpU. F";rd] ehlhhpd;

fhiy thuptpl]ldh]. Mf!]L 11-k] ehs] elf]ftpUe]j bghJ

ntiy epWj]jj]ij fk]a{dp!]Lfs] uj]J bra]J tpl]ldh].

mJt[k] Mf!]L 10-k] njjp ,ut[jhd] ,e]j ‘uj]J’r] bra]jpia

mth]fs] btspapl]L jpU. F";rd] ehlhiu jpf]F Kf]fhl

itj]J tpl]ldh]. njhHh] $Ptht[k] jdJ ifia tpupj]J

tpl]lhh]. nghypl] gpa{nwh (vd]d gpa{nwhnth) vLj]j Koit

khw]WtJ vd]gJ Koahj fhupak] vd]W mth] TwpapUf]f

ntz]Lk]. ,e]j ,f]fl]lhd R{H]epiyapy] 11-k] njjp ‘tpLjiy

ehs]’ filg]gpof]fhky] ,Ug]gjw]F ,ayhj epiy jpU.F";rd]

ehlhUf]F cUthapw]W.

30. gpujkh] neUtpd] fojk; 30. gpujkh] neUtpd] fojk; 30. gpujkh] neUtpd] fojk; 30. gpujkh] neUtpd] fojk; 30. gpujkh] neUtpd] fojk; :

Kjy] rh]thjpfhup jpU. gp. uhkrhkpgps]is/ bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] epytp te]j murpay] mrhjhuz epiyikfisf]

Fwpj]J tpsf]fpa[k]/ cfe]j eltof]if ntz]oa[k] gpujkh]

neUt[f]F je]jp mDg]gpapUe]jhh]. mjw]F 09.07.1954 md]W gz]ojh]

$tQh]yhy] neU mth]fs] RUf]fkhf gjpy] vGjpa[s]shh].

khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[g] gpur]rid Fwpj]J Ma]e]jwptjw]F

xU cah]kl]l FG mikj]jpUg]gjhft[k]/ mjd] gupe]Jiufspd]

mog]gilapy]jhd] khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[fs] bra]ag]gLk] vd]Wk]

74 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

tpsf]fpapUe]jhh]. mjw]F Kd]ghf ,J epkpj]jk] jhd] VJk]

bra]tjw]fpy]iy vd]Wk; tUj]jj]Jld] gjpy] vGjpapUe]jhh].

jtput[k] $%iy 28-k] njjp gz]ojh] neU/ gp. ,uhkrhkp gps]isf]F

mDg]gpa ,d]bdhU fojk] jpU.F";rd] ehlhuplk] fpilj]jpUe]jJ.

me]j fojj]ij cs]Sh] gj]jpupiffspy] gpuRf]FkhW gpujkh] neU

mth]fs] nfl]Lf] bfhz]oUe]jhh]. Mdhy] mij jpU.F";rd]ehlhh]

gj]jpupiffspy] gpuRupf]fhky] ,Ul]log]g[ bra]Jtpl]lhh]. ,jdhy]

gpujkh] neUt[k] fh';fpu!] tl]lhu';fSk] jp.j.eh.fh kPJ

fL';nfhgk] bfhz]ldh]. jtput[k] neUtplkpUe]J tug]bgw]w

foj';fisf] Fwpj]J jpU. nerkzpaplk] Tl rpiwf]Fr] brd]W

Twtpy]iy. TwpapUe]jhy] mij mth] gpuRupj]J tpl]L

gpujkUf]F jf]fbjhU gjpiya[k] vGjpapUg]ghh]. ,tuJ

braypdhy] jpU. nerkzp tPz] gHpf]F Mshdhh]. “neU vGjpj]

nfl]Lf] bfhz]l gpwFk]/ mth] vGjpa foj';fis nerkzp

gpuRupf]f kWj]Jtpl]lhh]” vd]gnj me]j gHp. jpU nerkzpaplk]

Vd] foj';fis fhz]gpf]ftpy]iy vd]W jpU.v.v.urhf] nfl]ljw]F

mth] “mtuplk] fhl]odhy] fy';fpg] nghthh]. mjdhy]jhd]

fhl]ltpy]iy” vd]W gp. ,uhkrhkp gps]is gpwpbjhU re]jh]g]gj]jpy]

gjpy] Twpdhuhk]. ey]y ntof]ifay]yth* thdkpoe]J

tPH]e]jhYk] m";rh be";rd] jpU.nerkzp fy';Fthuh> vd]d*

31. rpiwf] fjt[fs] jpwf]fg]gl]ld 31. rpiwf] fjt[fs] jpwf]fg]gl]ld 31. rpiwf] fjt[fs] jpwf]fg]gl]ld 31. rpiwf] fjt[fs] jpwf]fg]gl]ld 31. rpiwf] fjt[fs] jpwf]fg]gl]ld :

04.07.1954 md]W \zhwpy] gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd]

gp.v!].gp. murpd] kf]fs] tpnuhjg] nghf]if fz]oj]J jil

kPwy] nghuhl]lk] elj]jpajw]fhf jiyth] jpU.v.nerkzp/

Kd]dhs]mikr]rh] jpU.m.rpjk]guehjd; ehlhh] kw]Wk] $dhg]

v.v. urhf] nghd]w \tUk] ifjhfp 6 thu rpiwj] jz]lid

bgw]W jpUtde]jg[uk] kj]jpar] rpiwf]F mDg]gg]gl]ldh].

,th ]fsJ jz]lidf] fhyk] Mf!]L 13-k ] ehs ] jhd]

Kotila ntz]Lk ] . Mdhy] j pU. jhqgps ]is muR

75 C[kúRôhPm

,th ]fsJ rpiw jz]lid Kotjw]F \d]W ehl ]fs ]

Kd]djhf/ mjhtJ 09.08.1954 ,ut[ 10 kzpf]F jpObud

,th ]fs] midtiua[k ] tpLjiy bra ]jJ. \zhwpy ]

ifjhfpapUe]j ,uz]L vk]gpf]fs]/ 9 rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs]/

3 efuhl]rpj] jiyth]fs;/ 4 g";rhaj]J jiyth]fs; kw]Wk]

kf ]fs] g pujhdpfs] cs]gl 410 egh ]fs ] midtiua[k ]

tpLjiy bra]jJ. ,jw]F fhuzk] vd]d vd]W vtUf]Fk]

g [upatpy]iy. 11.08.1954 md]W tpLjiy ehs] nghuhl]lk]

mwptpf]fg]gl]oUe]j epiyapy] 09.08.1954 es]sputpy] ,th]fis

Vd] tpLjiy bra]a ntz]Lk]> 09.08.1954 ,utpd] rpiwf]

fjit jpwe ]J cs]ns te ]j r piwf ] nfhl ]l jiyik

fz]fhzpg ]ghsh ] “rpiwf ] fjt[fs] j pwe ]j pUf ]f pd ]wd*

thfd';fSk] fhj ]J epw ]f pd ]wd/ c';fSf]F vd]

ey]thH]j]Jf]fs]” vd]W thH]j]Jf] Twpdhh].

,J vd]d tpgu Pjk ] vd]W tpag ]g py ] MH]e ]jpUe ]j

ntisapy] / tpLjiyahd rpyh ] “nghuhl ]l ntfk] jhs

Koahky] jhqgps]is tHpf ]F te]J tpl ]lhh ] vd]W

bgUkpjg ]gl ]ldh ]” . Mdhy] kjpa{fp / nerkzp “,jpy]

fz]qf]Fg] g[yg]glhj R{J xd]W xspe]jpUf]fpwJ” vd]whh].

gy ghuhl ]Lf ] Tl]l';fspy] fye]J bfhz]L tPL

jpUk]g[tjw]F ,ut[ btF neukhfptpl]lJ. tpoe]jhy] tpnkhrd

ehs] kwpay] (11.08.1954). 11-Mk] njjp fhiy 9 kzpf]F

Ch]tyk] Muk]gkhapw]W. ehfh]nfhtpy] efuj]jpy] ghJ#h

ghh ;f ]fpypUe]J Muk]gkhd gpukhz]l Ch]tyk] jiyth]

jpU. v. nerkzpapd] jiyikapy] efuj]jpd] Kf]fpa tPjpfs]

tHpahf tyk] te]jJ. mzptFj]J te]j ,e]j Ch]tyj]jpy]

xU Kz]zdp tPuuhf te]jhh] fk]a{dp!]L rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]

(brd]id) njhHh ] g.$Pthde]jk] . Kjy] rh ]thjpfhup

jpU.uhkrhkpgps]isia tHpkwpj]J Tl]Lg] bghWg]g[ nfl]l

76 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

k.bgh. rpt"hdfpuhkzpiunah/ ,uz]lhtJ rh]thjpfhup

jpU.v.F";rd] ehlhupd] tPL njor] brd]W Tl]Lg] bghWg]g[f]F

,irt[ nfl ]l nguwp"h ] mz]zh mth]fisnah ,e]j

Ch]tyj]jpy ] fhz Koatpy]iy. Mdhy] Mr]rupak]

vd]dbtd]why] jpUkjp.nwhrk]khs] F";rd] ehlhUk]/

jpUkjp.fpU#]zk]khs] (gl]lk]) jhqgps]isa[k] ntW rpy

njhHpah]fSk] ,e]j Ch]tyj]jpy] mzptFj]J te]jdh]. ,e]j

,U bgz]kzpfSk] ehfh]nfhtpy] !]fhl] fpwp!]jtf] fy]Y}upj]

njhHpah]fshFk]. Ch]tyk] mikjpahf efh]kd]w jply]

mile]jJ. mg]nghJ cr]rp btapy] 12.30 kzp. jiyth] jpU.

v. nerkzp rpy epkpl';fs] Tl]lj]jpduplk] ngrpdhh]:

“jpUtpjh';Th] bfhr]rp rl]lf] Tl]oypUe]J jkpH] kf]fs]

gpupe]J nghf ntz]Lk]> vjw]F> xU jdp uh$]ak]

mikg;gjw]fhfth> ,y]iy. brd]id uh$jhdpapYs]s

jkpHfj]njhL ,iztjw]F vd]why]/ me]j jkpHfKk]

,e]jpa rh ]f ]fhh ] Mizf] nfhl]Lf]Fs]shfj]jhd]

,Uf]fpwJ vd]gij ahUf]Fk] kWf]f KoahJ. Mfnt

ehk] mnjhL nrUtjw]Fk] mJ ek]ik nrh ]j ]Jf]

bfhs]tjw]Fk] kj]jpa rh]f ]fhh ] m';fPfhuk] tH';f

ntz]Lk]. ,ij be";rpy] itj]Jf] bfhz]Ljhd]

tpLjiy nfl]fpnwhk]. tpLjiya[k] clnd fpilf]f

ntz]Lk] vd]W tpUk]g [fpnwhk] . Mfnt ehk]

cldoahff] fhyk] Rz';fhky] gp.v!].gp. rh]f]fhh]

tUjpapypUe]J tpLgl nfhupf]if vGg]g[fpnwhk]”.

vd]W Koj]jhh ] . "If]fpa jkpHfj]ij mikj]njIf]fpa jkpHfj]ij mikj]njIf]fpa jkpHfj]ij mikj]njIf]fpa jkpHfj]ij mikj]njIf]fpa jkpHfj]ij mikj]nj

jPUnthk]. mike]jpLk] tiu nghuhLnthk]jPUnthk]. mike]jpLk] tiu nghuhLnthk]jPUnthk]. mike]jpLk] tiu nghuhLnthk]jPUnthk]. mike]jpLk] tiu nghuhLnthk]jPUnthk]. mike]jpLk] tiu nghuhLnthk]" vd]w nfh#k]

KH';f Tl]lk ] mikjpahf cr]rpntis 12.30 kzpf ]F

Koe]jJ. (nerkzp xU rupj ]j puj ] jpUg ]gk ] (nerkzp xU rupj ]j puj ] jpUg ]gk ] (nerkzp xU rupj ]j puj ] jpUg ]gk ] (nerkzp xU rupj ]j puj ] jpUg ]gk ] (nerkzp xU rupj ]j puj ] jpUg ]gk ] – gf ]fk ] gf ]fk ] gf ]fk ] gf ]fk ] gf ]fk ]

229 & 230)))))

77 C[kúRôhPm

32. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] eu ntl]il 32. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] eu ntl]il 32. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] eu ntl]il 32. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] eu ntl]il 32. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] eu ntl]il :

11.08.1954 md]W \d]W ,l';fspy] tpLjiy ehs]

epfH]r]rpfs] Vw]ghlhfp ,Ue]jd. ,itfs] Kiwna ehfh]nfhtpy]/

khh]j]jhz]lk] kw]Wk] g[Jf]fil vd]w Ch]fshFk]. jiyth]

nerkzpa[k ] kw ]Wk] Kf]fpakhdth]fSk] rpiwapy]

milf]fg]gl]oUe]jikahy]/ v";rpath]fis itj]J tpLjiy

ehs] epfH]r]rp epuy]fs] tFf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. ,e]j jpl]lg]go

rh]thjpfhup jpU.F";rd] ehlhh] ehfh]nfhtpy] epfH]r]rpapy]

g';nfw]Wtpl]L/ mjw]Fg] gpwF khh]j]jhz]lk] epfH]r]rpfspy]

fye]J tpl ]L/ khiy 3.30 kzpastpy] g [Jf ]filapy]

Vw ]ghlhfpapUe]j bghJf]Tl]lj ]jpy ] ciuahw]wptpl ]L/

tpnkhrd ehs] epfH]r ]rpfis Koj]J itg]gbjd Vw]ghL.

,jdpilna khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] ele;j fhiy epfH]r]rpfisj]

bjhl';fp itf]ft[k ] Ch]tyj]jpy ] Kd]dpd]W elj]jt[k ]

jpU. g. jhqyp';f ehlhu ] mDg]gp itf]fg ]gl ]oUe]jhh ] .

mjd]go bjhLtl]o fhe]jp ikjhdj]jpy] (,d]iwa rpW g!]

epWj]jk]) fhj]J Toepd]w kf]fs] bts]sj]jpy] jahh] epiyapy]

epd]wpUe]j 16 kwpay] tPuh]fSf]F khiy mzptpj]J/ fhiy

9.30 kzpastpy] Ch]tyj]ij bjhl';fp itj]J/ mjw]F

jiyiknaw]W jpU. g. jhqyp';f ehlhh] Kd]dpd]W tHp

elj]jpr] brd]whh]. Mdhy] g[Jf]filapy] Ch]tyj]Jf]F Vw]ghL

bra]atpy]iy.

ehfh]nfhtpy] epfH]r]rpapy] fye]J tpl]L rh]thjpfhup

jpU.F";rd] ehlhh ] / jdJ fhupy] bjhLtl]o epfH]r ]rpf ]F

tpiue]jhh]. Rkhh] 2.00 kzpastpy] bjhLtl]of]F 2 iky]fSf]F

Kd]ghf (gk]kk] mUfpy]) bry]Yk] nghJ rhiyapy] xU beoa

Mykuk] FWf]nf fple]J rhiy nghf]Ftuj]ij Kw]wpYk] jil

bra]Jtpl ]lJ. mjdhy] mth ] jpUk]gp FWf]F tHpahf

(gs]spaho tHp) fU';fy] brd]W m';fpUe]J ig';Fsk]

78 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

tHpahf g [Jf]fil bry]tjw]F Kad]whh ] . m';nfa[k ]

rhiyj]jilfs] Vw]gLj]jg]gl]oUe]jjhy] g[Jf]fil bry]yt[k]

mtuhy] Koatpy]iy.

“jpl]lkpl]lgo Mf!]L 11-y] bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy]

“tpLjiy ehs]” Mh]ghl]l';fs] eilbgw]wd. ,jpy]

g. $Pthde]jk] cs]glf] fk]a{dp!]L jkpHh]fSk] fye]J

bfhz]lhh]fs]. fk]a{dp!]L ghzpapy] brhy]tjhdhy]

,e]j Mh]ghl]l Ch]tyj]jpy] mth]fs]jhd] “g[ul]rp rf]jp”ahfj] jpfH]e ]jhh ]fs] . jpUtpjh';Th ] KGtJk]

eilbgwtpUe]j bghJ ntiy epWj]jk] xj]jpg] nghlg]gl]L

tpl ]ljhy] / rk!]jhd nghyP!]gil KGtija[k ]

bjd]jpUtpjh';TUf]F mDg]g[tJ gl]lk] jhqtpd]

Ml]rpf]F rhj]jpakhdJ. jkpHh]fs] elj]Jk] Mh]g]ghl]lj]jpy]

fk]a{dp!]LfSk] fye]J bfhs]fpwhh]fs] vd]gjhy]/

td]Kiwia vjph]ghh]j]J mlf]FKiwf]F rk!]jhd

muR jd]id Kd] Tl]ona jahh]gLj]jpf] bfhz]lJ”.

(k.bgh.rpt "hdk] (k.bgh.rpt "hdk] (k.bgh.rpt "hdk] (k.bgh.rpt "hdk] (k.bgh.rpt "hdk] – vdJ nghuhl]lk] vdJ nghuhl]lk] vdJ nghuhl]lk] vdJ nghuhl]lk] vdJ nghuhl]lk] – gf]fk] 733) gf]fk] 733) gf]fk] 733) gf]fk] 733) gf]fk] 733)

k.bgh.rp-apd] fUj]Jg]go Mykuk] FWf]nf gLj]Jf]

fple ]jJk]/ rhiyj]jl';fy]fs] cUthf]fpaJk]/ je ]jpf ]

fk]g';fs] btl]o rhiyfspy] nghl]lJk] ,e]j njhHh]fspd]

ntiybad]gJ kWf]f Koahj cz]ikfshFk] .

,jdhy]jhd] mikjpahf ele]j rj]jpahf]fpuf Ch]tyk]

nguhl]lf]fskhf khwpaJ.

jpU. jhqyp';f ehlhh] bjhLtl]oapypUe]J kwpay]

tPuh]fnshLk] 5000 mjpfk] Ch]ty kf]fnshLk] fhiy 11.00

kzpastpy] FHpj]Jiw rg]ghj]Jg] ghij tHpahf tpst';nfhL

jhYfh mYtyfk]/ k$p!]onul] nfhljp kw]Wk] nghyP!]

epiya';fs] ml';fp ,Ue]j tshfj]Jf]F neuhf elj]jpr]

brd]whh ] . ,e ]j Ch]tyk] nfhljp tshfk] EiHthapy]

79 C[kúRôhPm

brd]wile]jnghJ mjd] gyk] 10/000 -j]Jf]Fk] nkyhdJ.

,t]tst[ bgU';Tl]lj]ijf] fz]l fhty]Jiwapdh] kpuz]L

joaoapy] ,w';fpdh]. Mdhy] kwpay] tPuh]fnsh joaoia

Vw]Wf] bfhz]L efuhky] m';nfna epd]wdh]. ,ijf] fz]L

Mntrg]gl]l Tl]lj]jpdh] nghyPRld] nkhjpdhh]fs]. vdnt

nghyP!]fhuh]fs] mth]fisbay]yhk] ifJ bra]J v';nfh

gwe]jdh]. ,jdhy] muR tshf mYtyf';fspy] nghyP!]

ghJfhg]g[ ,y]yhky] nghapw]W.

joaoahy] fiye]j bgU';Tl]lj]jpy] xU gFjpapdh]

gpd] th';fp FHpj]Jiw g!] epiyaj]ijg] ghh]j]Jk]/ ,d]bdhU

gpuptpdh] rg]ghj]Jg] ghyk] tHpahf kPz]Lk] bjhLtl]oiag]

ghh]j]Jk] efh]e]jdh]. g[ul]rpj] njhHh]fSk] ,jpy] fye]Jtpl]ldh].

je ]jpf ] fk ]g';fs] rha]f ]fg ]gl ]ld. rhiyj] jilfSk]

M';fh';nf cUthf]fg]gl]ld. nfhh]l] tshf EiH thapypy]

fhty]Jiwapdh ] Tl]lj ]jpdh ] nky] joao elj]jhky]/

mth]fis kwpay] bra]tjw]F mDkjpj]Jtpl]L/ gpwF ifJ

bra]jpUe]jhy] md]W ,e]j Jau epfH]r]rpfs] ele]jpuhJ. m';nf

ele]j fnsguj]jpy] $hjh jiyth] jpU. g. jhqyp';f ehlhh]

nghyPrhhpd] ghh]itapy]glhky] jg]gptpl]lhh]. nghyP!]fhuh]fs]

mtiu njog] ghh]g]gjw]Fs]/ khiy \d]W kzpf]Fs]shf fU';fy]

tHp ehfh]nfhtpYf]F mth] te]J tpl]lhh]. Mifahy] gfy] 1.30

kzpastpy] khh]j]jhz]lk]/ bjhLtl]o Mfpa ,l';fspy] ele]j

me]j Jau epfH]r]rpfis mtuhy] neupy] fhz Koatpy]iy.

mt]tpl';fspypUe]J mth] jg]gp Xo ehfh]nfhtpy] tPl]Lf]nf

te]J kiwe]J bfhz]lhh]. mth] ,e]J kz]ly Jizj] jiyth]

vd]gjhy] fhty]Jiwapdh] mtiu mg]nghJ njltpy]iy.

bjhLtl]oapy] gfy] 1.30 kzp tiu epiyik

mikjpahfnt ,Ue]jJ. nghyP!] euntl]il mjw]Fg] gpwFjhd]

Muk]gkhapw ]W. FHpj]Jiw jhYfh mYtyfj]jpypUe]J

80 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

joaoahy] Juj]jpaof]fg]gl]lth]fs] vy]yhk] gpd] jpupe]J xU

rhuhh] FHpj]Jiw g!] epiyaj]jpw]Fk] ,d]bdhd;W khh]j]jhz]lk]

nehf]fpa[k] efh]e]jdh]. jhYfh mYtyfj]jpw]Fk]/ tht[gyp

ikjhdj]jpw ]Fkpilapy] ,U gf]f';fspYk] trpg ]gth]fs]

midtUk] ehah] rKjhaj]jth]fs] Mth]. ,e]j tPLfspypUe]J

Tl]lj]jpdh] kPJ fy]bywp te]jJ. ,jdhy] Mj]jpukile]j

Ch]tyf]fhuh ]fs] fy]bywp te]j tPLfis nehf]fpg ]

gilbaLj]jdh]. Mdhy] ehah] Typg]gilapdh] jg]gp Xo

tpl]ldh]. FHpj]Jiw ngUe]J epiyak] mile]j Tl]lj]jpdh]

nghyPrhh] kPJ fy]kiH bghHpe]jdh]. mr]rkak]/ khh]j]jhz]lk]

muR Mz]fs] cah]epiyg]gs]sp jiyik MrpupahplkpUe]J/

nghyPRf]F xU miHg]g[ te]jJ. mth]fs] Tl]lj]jpdiu tpl]L

tpl]L/ muR gs]spf]F tpiue]jdh].

gs]sp khzth]fs] tFg]g [fis g [wf ]fzpj]Jtpl ]L

tpLjiy jpd nfh#';fs] vGg]gpatz]zkpUe]jdh] . gy

khzth]fis nghyPrhh ] klf]fpg ]g poj ]J ifJ bra]jdh] .

Mdhy] rf khzth]fs] mth]fis tpLjiy bra]tjw]F

eltof]if vLf]ff ] nfhhp gs]sp jiyikahrphpaiu

mqfpdh]. bjhiy nehf]fpy]yhj me]j jiyikahrphpah]

me]j khzth]fis btspnaw]Wk]go nghyPir miHj]J

Mizapl]lhh]. ,ijg] ghh]j]j Rkhh] 1500 khzth]fs] g[w]wPry]

nghd]W nghyPRf]F vjpuhf fpsh]r]rpapy] <Lgl]ldh]. ,th]fis

rkhspg]gjw]F nghyP!] gyk] Fiwthf cs]sjhy]/ TLjy]

nghyP!] gil ntz]o jpUtde]jg[uk] kw]Wk] ehfh]nfhtpYf]F

mtru ntz]Lnfhs] tpLj]jdh] . ,ij mwpe ]J bfhz]l

Ch]tyf]fhuh]fs]/ nghyP!] tUifia jLg]gjw]fhf je]jpf;

fk]g';fs]/ ku';fs] kw]Wk] ghwh';fw]fs] nghd]wtw]why]

M';fh';nf jil cUthf]fpdh]. Rkhh] gpw]gfy] 1.30 kzpf]F

nghyP!]fhuh]fs]/ Kd]dwptpg]g[ VJk] ,d]wp Tl]lj]ijg] ghh]j]J

neuoahfr; Rl Muk]gpj]jdh]. Ie]J ,l';fspy] Jg]ghf]fpr] R{L

81 C[kúRôhPm

elj]jpdh]. ,jpy] VG ngh] Fz]log]gl]L RUz]L tpGe]J

,we]jdh]. gyUf]F Fz]Lf]fhak] Vw;gl]lJ. mnefh] ifJ

bra]ag]gl]ldh]. rpiw gpof]fg]gl]lth]fs] mndfh; FHpj]Jiw

rpiwf]nfhl ]lj ]jpy ] bfhs]shikahy] jpUtde]jg [uk ]

rpiwfSf]F vLj]Jr] bry]yg]gl]ldh].

,jdpilna/ nghyP!] mjpfhupfspd] ntz]L

nfhSf]fpz';fp ehfh]nfhtpypy] ,Ue]J Vuhskhd nghyP!]

gil bjhLtl]o fhisr] re]ijf]F (,d]iwa g[jpa ngUe]J

epiyak]) tpiue]jJ. m';nfa[k] mth]fs] Jg]ghf]fpr] R{L

elj]jpdh]. fk]a{dp!]L jiyth] jpU. $p. v!]. kzpia Fwp

itj]J gy jlit Rl]ldh]. Mdhy] kaph] ,iHapy] mth]

jg]gptpl]lhh]. Mdhy] jiyr] RkL fha]fwp tpahghup \jhl]o

xUth] Fz]Lf]Fg] gypahdhh]. gpwF ,th]fs] vy].vk].v!].

tshfj]jpy] caukhd ,lj]jpy] epd]W bfhz]L rhiyia

nehf]fp ,uz]L Rw]W Rl]ldh]. ,';nfa[k] gyh] Fz]log]gl]L

tPH]e]jdh]. gyh] ,we]jdh]. gyh] kuz moia th';fpf] bfhz]L

jiykiwthfp tpl ]ldh] . Fz]log]gl ]L ,we]jth]fspd]

rly';fisa[k]/ fhaKw]W Fw]Wapuhff; fple]jth]fisa[k]

nghyP!] tz]ofspy] ms]spg]nghl]Lf] bfhz]L FHpj]Jiw

fhty] epiyaj]jpw]F tpiue]jdh]. ,th]fspd] fjp vd]dthapw]W

vd]W ,d]wst[k] btspaplg]gltpy]iy. ,j]Jld] bjhLtl]o

kw]Wk] khh]j]jhz]lk] gFjpfspy] nghh] Xa]e]J/ m';nf kuz

mikjp epytpaJ. rhiyapy; br';FUjp FHpj;Jiw MWnghy;

Xof;bfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

bjhLtl]oapy] ele]j Jg]ghf]fpr ] R{l ]od] Xir

ehfh]nfhtpypy] vl]oaJ. njhHh] g. $Pthde]jj]jpd] fhJfspYk]

mJ vl]oaJ. cldoahf mth] fLf]fiuf]F tpiue]jhh].

m';fpUe]J fhl]Lg; ghij tHpahf gzFo brd]wile]jhh].

,tuJ tuit vjph]nehf]fpa tz]zk] nf.vy].v!] re]jhdKk]

82 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kw]Wk] rpy bts]shk]gps]isfSk] m';nf fhj]jpUe]jdh]. me]jp

ka';Fk] ntisapy] njhHh] m';nf brd]wile]jJk] kfpH]r]rp

Muthuk] bra]jdh]. tpst';nfhL jkpHh]fis Fwpg]ghf ehlhh]

kf]fis kiyahsp nghyPRf]F fht[ bfhLj;j epfH]r]rpf]F

fhuzfh]j]jhthapUe]j njhHh] g. $Pthde]jj]ij mth]fshy]

ghuhl]lhky] ,Uf]f Koa[kh> ,e]j Jau epfH]r ]rpia

fk]a{dp!]L ,af]fnkh/ my]yJ njhHh] g. $Pthde]jnkh

,d;Wtiu fz]of]ft[kpy]iy/ kf]fSf]F mth]fs] MWjy]

Twt[kpy]iy. Mdhy] ,tiu tPud] vd]W muRk] ‘mth]fSk]’ghuhl]Lfpd]wdh]. Vbddpy] mth] eh";rpy] ehl]L cah]Fyj]jhd]

vd;gjw;fhf*

33. g[Jf]filapy] euntl]il 33. g[Jf]filapy] euntl]il 33. g[Jf]filapy] euntl]il 33. g[Jf]filapy] euntl]il 33. g[Jf]filapy] euntl]il :

11.08.1954 – y] eilbgw]w tpLjiy ehis (tpnkhrd

ehs]) Kd]dpl ]L g [Jf]filapy] Ch]tyj]Jf]F Vw ]ghL

bra]ag]gltpy]iy. Mdhy] m';fpUe]j nghyP!] mt[l]ngh!]L

mUfhikapy] / K";rpiw Cupy] mike]jpUf]fpd]w rhh ]

gjpthsh] mYtyfk] Kd]ghf kwpaYf]Fk]/ g [Jf]filapy]

khiy bghJf]Tl]lj ]jpw ]Fk] Vw ]ghlhfpapUe]jJ. Vd]>

g[Jf]filapy] ,e]j Tl]lk] vd]gjw]F tpilahf/ me]j Ciu

mLj]j K";rpiw/ ig';Fsk]/ mk]rp kw]Wk] ghh]j]jpgg[uk] nghd;w

Ch]fspy] ehah]fSk]/ bry]thf]F kpf]f ehah] gpujhdpfSk]

mndfh] cz]L. g [Jf]filia mLj]j ig';Fsk] kw]Wk]

mk]rpapYk] ehah]fspd] Mjpf]fk] X';fpapUe]jJ. g[Jf]filapy]

thzpa brl]ofspd] Mjpf]fKk] gpurpj]jp bgw]wJ. jtput[k]/

1948-y ] gl ]lk ] jhqgps]isap [d ] Kjy] Ml]rp fhyj]jpy ]

g[Jf]filia mLj]j k';fhl]oy] njtrfhak] ehlhiua[k]/

nj';fhgl ]lzk] mUfpy] f PH ]Fsj]jpy ] bry]iya]ad]

ehlhiua[k ] Rl ]Lf ] bfhd]wdh ] . g [Jf ]fil Ch] nkw]go

Ch]fSf]bfy]yhk] eLehafkhdJk]/ Kf]fpa jpdr]re]ija[k]

83 C[kúRôhPm

MFk]. vdnt jkpHh ]fspd] Kf]fpaj]Jtj]ijg; g pw

rhjpapdUf]F vLj]Jf]fhl ]Ltjw]fhfnt/ g [Jf]filapy]

bghJf]Tl]lj]jpw]F Vw]ghlhapw]W. ,th]fSf]F jp.j.eh.fhtpd]

bry]thf]if btspg]gilahf giwrhw]Wtjw]fhfnt ,';nf

bghJf]Tl]lk] Vw]ghL bra]ag]gl]oUe]jJ.

jpl ]lg ]gona Kjy] rh ]thjpfhup ehfh ]nfhtpy]

bghJf]Tl]lj]jpy] fye]J bfhz]L/ Rkhh] 2.00 kzpastpy]

bjhLtl]o jh]zhit Cf]Ftpj]Jtpl]L/ khiy 5.00 kzpf]F

g[Jf]fil bghJf]Tl]lj]jpy] fye]J rpwg]g[iuahw]Wk] tifapy]

jpl]lk] tFf]fg]gl]oUe]jJ. Mdhy] md]iwa R{H]epiyapy]

khh]j ]jhz]lj]Jf]nfh/ g [Jf]filf]nfh te]J Tl]l';fspy]

g';nfw]f mtUf]F Koatpy]iy. K";rpiw rhh]gjpthsh]

mYtyf kwpay]/ khiyf; Tl]lj]jpw]F ntz]oa bjhz]lh]fs]

rPuikg]g[ gzpfs] nghd]wtw]iwf; ftdpg]gjw]F ,uzpay]

,sk] tHf]fwp"h] jpU. rp. nfhghyfpU#]zd] bghWg]gpy]

tplg ]gl ]oUe]jJ. fhiyapy] kwpay] nghuhl ]lk ] vt]tpj

mrk]ghtpj';fSk] ,y]yhky] ele]jJ. mjw]Ff] fhuzk]

m';nf fhty]Jiwapdhpd] ge]njhg!]J nghlg]gltpy]iy.

mjdhy] m';F mrk]ghtpjk] vJt[k] cUthf]fg]gltpy]iy.

g [Jf]filapy] khiyapy] bghJf]Tl]lk ] vd]W

tpsk]gug]gLj]jg] gl]Ls]sjhy] kf]fs] bgU';Tl]lk] m';nf

Totpl]lJ. MdhYk] mth]fs] mikjp fhj]jdh]. Tl]lk] xU

jdpahh] ,lj]jpy] Vw]ghlhfpapUe]jJ. ,e]j ,lk] g[Jf]fil

rtupKj]J vd]fpw bfhr]rg]ght[ kw]Wk]md]g[ilahd] vd]fpw

mg]ght[ ehlhUf]Fr ] brhe ]jkhdjhFk] . ntW ,lk]

fpilf]fhjjhy] ,jpy] Tl]lk] Vw]ghlhfpapUe]jJ. gpujhd

rhiyapy] ,Ue]J xU FWfpa re]J tHpahf cs]ns brd]why]

rw]W tprhykhd ,lk] MFk] ,J. ,e]j jply] ehd]F g[wKk]

ifrhiy mikj]J mjpy] kur]rPdp (VHpiyf]fpH';F) gaph]

84 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bra]a[k] ,lkhFk]. njhw]wj]jpy] tlehl]L $hypad] thyhghf]

rt[f]fj]ijg] nghd]w mikg]g[ilajhFk]. $hypad] thyhghf]

rt[f ]fj]jpd] eLtpy] xU ghH] fpzW ,Ue]jijg] nghd]W

g [Jf]fil ikjhdj]Jf]Ff] f PH ] ghfj]jpy ] / thzpr ]

brl]of]fspd] bjUtpYk] xU ghH] fpzW cz]L. 1919 Vg]uy]

13-k ] ehs] g";rhg ] khfhzj]jpy ] mkph ]jrurpy ] $hypad]

thyhghf] rJf]fj]jpy] b$duy] lah] vd]gthpd] jiyikapy]

fh';fpu!] Tl]lj ]ijg ] ghh ]j ]J/ EiHthapiy milj]j

tz]zk] xU gw]whypad] $thd]fs] gy Rw]Wfs; Rl]ljpy] kf]fs]

jg]gpj]Jr] bry]tjw]F tHpapy]yhky] Fz]logl]Lr; brj]J

tPH]e]jdh]. caph] Jwe]jth]fspd] vz]zpf]if 400-f]Fk] mjpfk].

fhaKw]wth]fs] Rkhh] 2500. m';nfapUe]j ghH] fpzw]wpy]

tPH]e]J ,we]jth]fspd] fzf]F ,y]iy. mnj nghd]W/ xU

Fg]gpiag] nghd]w ,lk] jhd] ,e]j g[Jf]fil ikjhdKk].

nghyP!] $thd]fs] jpU. nfhghyfpU#]zd] neuhf

Jg]ghf]fpia Fwp itj]j tz]zk] mtiu nehf]fp ntfkhf

tpiue]J te]jdh ] . tpgu Pjj ]ij czh]e ]J bfhz]l

jpU. nfhghyfpU#]zd] cldoahff; Tl]lj]ij Koj]Jf] bfhz]L

kf]fisf; fiye]J bry]tjw]F mwpt[iu tH';fpdhh]. nkilia

tpl]Lf; fPnH ,w';fpa mtiua[k]/ kw]Wk] \tiua[k] kiyahsf;

fhty]Jiwapdh] ,Gj]Jr] brd]W nghyP!] tz]oapy] Vw]wpf;

fjit \otpl]L/ vt]tpj vr]rupf]ifa[k] bfhLf]fhky] Tl]lj]ijg]

ghh]j]J Rl Muk]gpj]jdh]. tz]o FHpj]Jiwf]F neuhfg] ngha]f]

bfhz]oUe]jJ. Rl]Lf] bfhz]nl tz]o efh]e]J bfhz]oUe]jJ.

tz]o g[wg]gLk] Kd]ng 24 Rw]W Rl]ldh]. Tl]lk] mywp moj]Jf]

bfhz]L/ ntW tHpapy]yhjjhy] Rth] Vwpj] jhtp thzpah]

bjUtpY}nl capUf]fhf rpjwp Xodh;. ,e]j rkak] ghh]j]J

cs]~h] thrpfshd thzpah]fs] XLfpd]wth]fis joahYk]/

cyf]ifahYk] fLikahfj; jhf]fpdh]. ,e]j jhf]Fjypy]

85 C[kúRôhPm

caph ] ePj ]jth]fis mth]fs] ,Gj]Jr] brd]W bjU ghH]

fpzw]wpy] tPrpdh]. nghyP!] Rl]ljpy] 4 ngh] ,we]jjhf muR

fzf]F brhd]dJ. Mdhy] m';nf gpwF epWtg]gl]l !]J}gpapy]

8 egh]fspd] bgah]fs] fhzg]gLfpd]wd. gLfhaKw]W gpd]dhy]

,we]jth ]fs] 18 egh ]fs] . ifJ bra]ag ]gl ]L ,Gj]Jr ]

bry]yg]gl]lth]fs] Rkhh] 200 egh]. ,ut[ 8 kzpastpy] kahd

mikjp m';nfa[k] epytpaJ.

,we]jth ]fspd] rly';fis nghyPrhh ] tz]oapy]

vLj]Jr] brd]wdh]. fhaKw]w rpyiua[k] gpoj]Jr] brd]wdh].

,th]fisa[k] / bjhLtl]oapy] ,we]jth]fisa[k] nrh ]j ]J

FHpj]Jiw rg]ghj]Jf]F nky] Mw]Wg] gLf]ifapy] Ftpayhfg]

nghl ]L bgl ]nuhy] Cw]wp vupj ]jdh ] . g pz';fisf] Tl

cwtpdh]fSf]F bfhLf]ftpy]iy kiyahs muR.

34. muR t";rk] jPh]j]jJ 34. muR t";rk] jPh]j]jJ 34. muR t";rk] jPh]j]jJ 34. muR t";rk] jPh]j]jJ 34. muR t";rk] jPh]j]jJ :

jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is Kjd] Kjyhf jpUtpjh';TUf]F

12.03.1948 md]W btF tpkupirahf gpujkh] Mf gjtp Vw]Wf]

bfhz]lhh]. mg]bghGJ mth] fh';fpu!] jiytuhft[k]

bray]gl]lhh]. fh';fpurpd] njh]jy] thf]FWjpapy]/ jpUtpjh';Th]

kd]dupd] jpthdhf ,Ue]j rh].rp.gp ,uhkRthkp Iauhy] ifJ

bra]ag ]gl ]L/ rpiwr ]rhiyfspy] Ma[s] ifjpfshf

my]yy]gLfpd]w g[d]dg]g[uh tayhh] tptrhaj] bjhHpyhsh]fs]

midtUk] tpLjiy bra]ag]gLth] vd]w thf]FWjpia gl]lk]

muR epiwntw]Wtjw]F Kd] tutpy]iy. ,jdhy] gl]lj]jpd]

nky] ek]gpf]if ,He]j fh';fpu!] mikg]g[ mtiu gjtpapwf]fk]

bra]jJ. ,j]jUzj]jpy] jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] 14 cWg]gpdh]fSk]

gl]lk] jhqgps]isf]F cjtpahf epw]ftpy]iy vd]gjhy] mth]

jkpHh]fs] kPJ Fwpg]ghf ehlhh] kf]fs] kPJ jPuhg]gif bfhz]lhh].

,jdhy] gl]lk] jhqgps]isiaj] jiytuhff] bfhz]oUf]fpd]w

ehah] rKjhak] ehlhh] r\fj]jplk] jPuhg; gifik ghuhl]odh].

86 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

11.08.1954 md]W bjhLtl]oapYk]/ g [Jf]filapYk]

tpLjiy jpdk] mDrupf]fg]gl]lJ. khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] gpw]gfy]

1.30 kzpastpYk]/ g[Jf]filapy] gpw]gfy] 5.00 kzpastpYk]

Jg]ghf]fpr ] R{Lfs] ele]jd. gyh] Fz]log]gl]L ,we]jdh].

mndfh] Fz]L fhak] gl]L gpw]ghL ,we]jdh]. gyh] CdKw]wdh].

khh]j]jhz]lk]/ g[Jf]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy] ele]j epfH]r]rpfis

nehf]Fk] nghJ/ gp.v!].gp. muR nkw]bfhz]l mqFKiw xnu

khjpupahf ,Ug]gijf] fhz KofpwJ. ,t]tpl';fspy] jp.j.eh.

fh';fpurpd] nghuhl]l';fis Kwpaof]f muR nghyPrhiu tpl

cs]~h] vjph ]g ]g [ mzpfisna mjpfk] ek ]g papUe]jJ.

g[Jf]filapy] thzpar] brl]ofisa[k]/ FHpj]Jiw kw]Wk]

khh ]j ]jhz]lj ]jpy ] ehah ]fisa[k ] mJ VtpapUe]jJ.

mjdhy]jhd] kwpaYf]F te]j tPuh ]fis tHpkwpj ]J

tpul]Ltjw]fhf Kd] Tl]ona mth]fs] jpl]lk] jPl]oapUe]jdh].

16 kwpay] tPuh]fnshL bjhLtl]oapypUe]J g[wg]gl]l

Rkhh] 5000 ngh]fisf] bfhz]l Ch]tyk] btl]L kzp re]jpg]gpy]

te]jJk] mJ bfhs]s Koahj mstpw]F tYj]Jtpl]lJ. Rkhh]

10/000 tPuh]fshf mJ bgUfptpl]lJ. ,th]fisj] jLj]J

epWj]Jtjw]Fj] Jzptpy]yhj ,izg]g[ vjph]g]ghsh]fs] gJ';fp

xJ';fp epd]W fy]bywpaj] bjhl';fpdh]. fw;fs; M';fh';nf

te]J tpGe]jd. mre]j Fuypy] M';fh';nf Cisr] rj]jKk]

nfl]lJ. MdhYk] Ch]tyk] ve]j ryryg]g [k ] ,y]yhky]

FHpj ]Jiw ePjpkd]w tshfk] mile]jJ. ,t]tst[

bgU';Tl]lkhf m';nf tUthh]fs] vd]W fhty]Jiwapdh]

vjph ]ghh ]f ]ftpy]iy. ,th]fis muR Fz]lh]fs] tHpapy]

itj]J kwpj]J fiyj]JtpLthh]fs] vd]Wk] muR tl]lhu';fs]

jg]g[f] fzf]F nghl]oUe]jdh]. fhty]Jiwapdh] joaoapy]

,w';fpdh]. mjdhy] Tl]lj]jpdUf]F nkny bry]y ,ayhjjhy]/

Tl]lk] gpd]ndhf]fp FHpj]Jiw g!] epiyaj]Jf]Fk]/ bjhLtl]o

87 C[kúRôhPm

nehf]fpa[k] jpUk]gpaJ. tht[gyp $';#dpy] Tl]lk] jpUk]gp

te]j ntisapy] m';Fs]s m"]ry] mYtyf tshfj]jpy]

kiwe]jpUe]j rpy ehah] Cisah]fs] kPz]Lk] fy]bywpapy]

<Lgl]ldh]. Tl]lj]jpy] xU gpuptpdh] ,th]fisg] ghh ]j ]J

efh]e]jdh]. btFz]L nghd ehah] Fz]lh]fs] capUf]fhf

jg ]g p Xotpl ]ldh ] . ,Ug ]g pDk] Tl ]lk ] fiyahky]

mlf]fj]Jld] efh ]e ]J brd]wJ. gp .v!].gp . muRk] mjd]

fhty]Jiwa[k ] vjph ]ghuhj mst[f ]F Tl ]lk ] . ,izg]g [

nghuhspfSf]F vjpuhf VJk] mth ]fshy] bra ]a

Koatpy ]iy. xUntis Jg ]ghf ]f p g punahfk ] ,';nf

ele;j pUf ]Fnkahdhy] / ,izg]g [ vjph ;g ;g [ Cisah ]fs]

(ehah]fs]) cl]gl mndfh] gypahfpapUg]ghh]fs]. Mfnt

nkyplj]J Mizg]go Jg]ghfpr] NL m';nf elj]jg]gltpy]iy.

ele]jpUe]jhy] epiyik ntW tpjkhf khwpapUf]Fk]. gl]lk]

jhqgps ]isapd ] ,d rd ge ]Jf ]fSk] mndfh ] brj ]J

koe]jpUg]gh]. kyk] gp";Rf;fiy"h]fs] mndfh] ifyhrk]

brd]wpUg]gh]. mjdhy] Jg]ghf]fpr] Nl]il m';nf jtpu]j]jdh]

kiyahsp fhty]Jiw mYtyh]fs]. mjdhy] mth]fspd]

Fnuhjk] vy]yhk] mg]ghtp kf]fs] kPJ gha]e ]jJ. ehlhh ]

kf]fs] mndfh] Jg]ghf]fpr] Nl]Lf]F ,iuahapdh].

1919 Vg]uy] 13-k] ehs] g";rhg] mkph]jrurpy] $hypad]

thyhghf]fpy] M';fpnyah]fs] Rl]ljpy] gy E}W ngh] ,we]jdh].

mj ]Jlnd mjd] jhf ]fk ] e pd ]W nghapw ]W. bjhlh ]e ]J

M';fpnyah ]fs ] kf ]fis euntl ]ilahltpy ]iy. mJ

M';fpnyah]fs] Ml]rpahdjhy] mt]thW ele]jJ. Mdhy]

Rje]jpu ,e]jpahtpy]/ kf]fshl]rp ele]J te]j jpUtpjh';Tupy]

xU $hypad]thyhit kiyahsp gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd]

jiyikapyhd fh';fpu!]fhuh]fs] cUthf]fp mg]ghtp ehlhh]

kf]fs] kPJ fz]\oj]jdkhfr; Rl]ldh]. 1954 Mf!]L khjk]

11 -k ] ehs ] khh ]j ]jhz]lj ]j py ] g pw ]gfy] 1 .30 kzpf ]Fk ] /

88 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

g [Jf ]filapy ] khiy 5.00 kzpf ]Fk ] Jg ]ghf ]f pr ] NL

elj]jg]gl]lJ. ,jpy] gyh] ,we]jdh]. gyh] Fz;logl]L/ gpd]

ehl]fspy] ,we]jdh]. rpyh] gLfhakile]jdh]. ,th]fspy]

bgUk]ghnyhh] ehlhh] kf]fnsahth].

35. bjhLtl]o Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] capupHe]jth]fs] 35. bjhLtl]o Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] capupHe]jth]fs] 35. bjhLtl]o Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] capupHe]jth]fs] 35. bjhLtl]o Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] capupHe]jth]fs] 35. bjhLtl]o Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] capupHe]jth]fs] :

1. jpU. v!]. uhika]ad]/ nkf]fd]fiu/ Mapuk] gpiw

g[j]jd]tPL/ el]lhyk]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

2. jpU. v. bghd]ida]ad] ehlhh ] / mizf]fiu/

njkhD}h]/ Mw]W}h]/ br';nfho m";ry]/ fy]Fsk; tl]lk].

3. jpU. vk]. ghiya]ad] ehlhh]/ bfhr]Rf] fhutpis/

kzyp/ rhnuhL:/ jf]fiy m";ry]/ fy]Fsk] tl]lk].

4. jpU. v!] Fkud] ehlhh ] / nfhotpis tPL/

njhl ]lthuk] / Fd]dj]J}h ] fpuhkk] / g [Jf ]fil

m";ry]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

5. bgah] bjhpahj xU jha]/ re]ij tpahghuk] bra]j

ehlhh] rKjhag] bgz] \jhl]o.

6. jpU. rp. gg]g[ gzpf]fh]/ kuf]fwptpshfj]J g[j]jd] tPL/

fhisr]re]ij/ bjhLtl]o/ khh]j]jz]lk] m";ry]/

tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

36. g[Jf]fil Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] ,we]jth]fs] 36. g[Jf]fil Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] ,we]jth]fs] 36. g[Jf]fil Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] ,we]jth]fs] 36. g[Jf]fil Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] ,we]jth]fs] 36. g[Jf]fil Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] ,we]jth]fs] :

1. jpU. v. mUsg]gd] ehlhh ] / tz]zhd]tpis tPL/

ig';Fsk] fpuhkk]/ g[Jf]fil m";ry]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

2. jpU. vd] . bry]iya]ah gps ]is/ (brf]fhiy)

R.C.fpHf]Fj]bjU/ g[Jf]fil m";ry]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

3. jpU. v!]. Kj]JRthkp ehlhh]/ ehaf]fk] Ks]Stpis

tPL/ rilad] FHp/ fps]spa{h] m";ry]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

89 C[kúRôhPm

4. jpU. v. gPh]KfkJ/ g[jpa tPL/ mk]rp/ nj';fhgl]lzk]

m";ry]/ tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

5. jpU. Kj]J fz]q ehlhh ] / g [Jf ]fil m";ry] /

tpst';nfhL tl]lk].

37. 1948-Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph] Jwe]jth]fs] 37. 1948-Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph] Jwe]jth]fs] 37. 1948-Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph] Jwe]jth]fs] 37. 1948-Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph] Jwe]jth]fs] 37. 1948-Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph] Jwe]jth]fs] :

1. v. njtrfhak] ehlhh]/ S.T. k';fhL/ tpst';nfhL

tl]lk] (12.02.1948)

2. gp . bry]iya]ad] ehlhh ] / bgupatpis/ fPH ]Fsk]/

tpst';nfhL tl]lk] (14.02.1948).

Mf gl ]lk ] jhqgps]is Kjyikr]ruhf ,Ue]j

,uz]L fhyfl]l';fspYk] 13 jkpHh]fspd] (bgUk]ghYk] ehlhh]fs])

capiug] gwpj]J mtuJ ehlhh] Fnuhjj]ij epiwntw]wpdhh].

mj]Jlnd mtuJ (jkpHh]) tpnuhjg] nghf]F epd]W

tpltpy]iy. jkpHh]fs] vd]why] ahh]> vd]W jpU. v. nerkzp

nfhol]L fhl;Lfpwhh].

“The Tamilian taps the palms for toddy and sweet juiceand boils it into jaggry. He tills the soil and reaps the harvest. Heis the sole manufacturer of salt. He has developed spinning andweaving as a cottage industry. The bleak and barren slopes of thehills have yielded to his pick-axe and spade and are covered withresplendent vegetation, food crops of various kinds. His handsbuilt the Kodayar dam and dug the channels”. (A. Nesamony –Inside Travancore Tamil Nad – 1948 – Pages 30 & 31)

vdnt bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] jkpHh] vd]gth] ehlhh]

kf]fs] kl]Lnkahthh]. ,th]fs] kPJ kl]Lk]jhd] jhqgps]is

nghyP!] ml]?Hpa';fis mtpH]j]Jtpl]lJ. xUKiway]y.

,uz]LKiwfs].

90 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

38. Jg;ghf;fpr; NL Fwpj;J Kjyikr]rh] 38. Jg;ghf;fpr; NL Fwpj;J Kjyikr]rh] 38. Jg;ghf;fpr; NL Fwpj;J Kjyikr]rh] 38. Jg;ghf;fpr; NL Fwpj;J Kjyikr]rh] 38. Jg;ghf;fpr; NL Fwpj;J Kjyikr]rh] :

Jg]ghf]rpr] R{L ele]j mLj]j ehs] mjhtJ 12.08.1954md]W ehl]od] Kjyikr]rh] vd]w epiyapy] khh]j]jhz]lk]/

bjhLtl]o/ FHpj ]Jiw kw]Wk] g [Jf ]fil Ch]fSf]F

tprhuizf]fhf/ TLjy] nghyP!] gila[ld] gl]lk] te]jhh].

,we]jth]fspd] FLk]g';fSf]F/ Fz]log]gl]L Fw]Wapuhf

fple ]jth ]fSf]F/ nghyP!] mlf]FKiwfSf]F gae]J

jiykiwthf thH]fpwth]fSf]F mDjhgk] bjhptpf]f mth]

te]jhh] vd]gij tpl/ nghyP!] ,yhfhit g[fH]tjw]fhf kl]Lk]

mth] te]jhh] vd]W bfhs]tnj bghUj]jkhdJ. nghyP!]fhuh]fSf]F

mth] g[fH] ghodhh]. nghyP!]fhuh]fSld] xj]JiHj]j ehah]

gpujhdpfis btFthfg; ghuhl]odhh]. “M fGntwpfis

vtpbl';fpYk] tr]R fz]lhy]/ clnd ek]Knl nghyPrpid

mwpapf]fzk]. M fGntwp rhzhh]fis mor]R xLf]fzk]/

mjpD ehl]Lg; gpujhdpfsha ep';'s] rh]f]fhupD Jizepy;fzk]”vd]w ntz]Lnfhisa[k ] gl ]lk ] tpLj]jhh ] . ,jdhy]

cw]rhfkile]j nghyPRk] kiyahsp ahkhd]fSk] fsk]

,w';fpdh]/ “fz]lhy] mwpa[e ]eth]” vd]w g [jpa Kiwia

nghyP!]fhuh ]fs] filg;gpof ]fj ] bjhl';fpdh ] . Ml]fis

milahsk] fhl]Ltjw]fhf nghyP!] thfd';fspy] ,e]j ehah]

csthspfs] ,ize]J gazk] bra]J/ j';fSf]F

ntz]lhjth ]fisbay]yhk] milahsk] fhl ]o/ ehlhh ]

kf]fis kl;Lk; jh';bfhz]zh Jauj]jpw]F cs]shf]fpdh].

39. tPl]Lf] fhtypy] nerkzp 39. tPl]Lf] fhtypy] nerkzp 39. tPl]Lf] fhtypy] nerkzp 39. tPl]Lf] fhtypy] nerkzp 39. tPl]Lf] fhtypy] nerkzp :

ehfh ]nfhtpypy] jz]zPh ] nl';fpr ] rhiyapy]

jpU. nerkzp FoapUe]j tPL “bgy] nQtd]” vd]w rpwpa tPL.

m';nf fz]zPUk] ftiya[khf gyh] nj';fpf; fple]jdh].

bgUk]ghYk] mth]fs] bgz]fs]/ \jhl]ofs]/ eL taijj]

jhz]oath]fs]/ tpst';nfhL fy]Fsk]thrpfs]. xt]bthUtUf]Fk]

91 C[kúRôhPm

brhy]jtw]F xU nrhff] fij cz]L. nrhff] fijfisf] nfl]l

jpU. nerkzp fz] fy';fpdhh ] . ,th]fSf]F vd]d gjpy]

brhy]tbjd]W g[upahky] ftiya[w]whh]. Mdhy] jw]bghGJ

epiyik khwptpl]lJ. ,g ]bghGJ mth] tPl ]Lf ]F ahUk]

Rje]jpukhfg ] ngha] tu ,ayhJ/ mt]tst[ nghyP!]

fz]fhzpg]g[. mth] FoapUe]j thl]lh] nl';F rhiyapy] ahUk]

jd]dp#]lk] nghy] EiHe]J tpl KoahJ/ ljp gs]spf]Tlk]

re]jpg]gpy] rh]f]fps] ,d]!]bgf]lh] mypahh] F";Rtpd] tPL. m';nf

Vuhsk] nghyP!]fhuh ]fs] Kfhkpl ]ldh ] . nkw ]F mw]wk ]

fz]fhh]oah - nQhypfpuh!] rh]r] nghFk] rhiy re]jpg]gpy]

v.v!].gp. jiyikapy] nghyP!] Kfhk]. jtpu ,e]jr; rhiyapy]

,iltplhky] nghyP!] nuhe]J te]J bfhz]oUe]jJ. nghyP!]

fz]fSf]Fj; jg]ghky] ahUk] jpU. nerkzpapd] tPl]ow]F te]J

nghf KoahJ. jpU. nerkzpa[k]/ mtuJ FLk]gKk] tPl]Lf]

fhtypy] itf]fg]gl]l epiyapy] ,Ue]jdh;.

,e]j epiyapy] ,ut[ Rkhh] 8 kzpastpy] jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]/

jiyth] tPL brd]W nrh]e]jhh;. m';nf jpU. F";rd] ehlhUk]/ rpwpJ

neuj]jpw]Fg] gpwF Kjy] rh]thjpfhup jpU. uhkrhkpgps]isa[k]

te]J nrh]e]jdh;. ,th]fisj] bjhlh]e]J jpU.bghd]dg]g ehlhh]/

jpU.g.jhqyp';f ehlhh]/ jpU. irkd]/ jpU. uh$h gps]is

nghd]wth]fSk] te]J nrh]e]jdh]. nghuhl]lj]ij bjhlh]tjh

my]yJ uj]J bra]J tplyhkh vd]W Mnyhrid ele]jJ.

,';nf ToapUe]jth ]fSf]F/ Ke]ija ehs] bjhLtl]o/

khh]j]jhz]lk]/ FHpj]Jiw kw]Wk] g[Jf]filapy] vd]d ele]jJ

vd]gJ KGikahfj] bjupahJ. bjupe]jpUg]gjw]F epahakpy]iy.

Vbddpy] m';bfy]yhk] Jg]ghf]fpr] NLk]/ nghyP!] muh$fKk]

ele]j ntisapy] ,tu]fs] ahUk] m';nf ,y]iy.

nghuhl]lj]ij uj]J bra]ayhkh/ my]yJ jw]fhypfkhf

epWj]jp itf]fyhkh vd]w gpur]rid vGe]jJ. nghuhl]lj]ij

92 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

epWj]jp itj]jhy]/ jkpHh]fs] gae]J tpl]lhh]fs] vd]W Vsdk]

bra]thh]fs]. jw]fhypfkhf epWj]jp itj]jhy]/ muR jug]gpdUf]F

mr]rk] ,Uf]Fk] vd]W jpU. uhkrhkp gps]is nahrid Twpdhh].

,jw]F khw]Wj; jpl]lk] xd]iw jpU.F";rd] ehlhh] vLj]Jiuj]jhh].

mtrug]gl]L ve]j Kot[k] vLf]f ntz]lhk]/ kWehs] fhiyapy]

Jg]ghf]fpr] R{Lfs] ele]j ,l';fSf]Fr] brd]W/ epyikapid

neupy] fz]lwpe ]J/ mjw]Fg] gpwF xU mwpf ]if tpLtJ

rpwe]jjhf ,Uf]Fk] vd]whh]. Mdhy] nghuhl]lk] jw]fhypfkhf

epWj]jp itf]fg]gLfpwJ vd]W ,unthL ,uthf je]jpfs]

gwe]jd. ,jid Koj]Jf] bfhz]L jpU. F";rd] ehlhh] tPL ngha]

nrh]e]jhh]. rw]W neuj]jpw]Fs] nghyP!] gilbahd]W mth] tPl]Lf;

fjit jl]o cilj]J cs]ns g[Fe]J jpU. F";rd] ehlhiu

tYf]fl]lhakhf ifJ bra]J/ ,Gj]Jr; brd]wJ.

40. k.bgh.rpt"hd fpuhkzpapd] jpOh] tUif 40. k.bgh.rpt"hd fpuhkzpapd] jpOh] tUif 40. k.bgh.rpt"hd fpuhkzpapd] jpOh] tUif 40. k.bgh.rpt"hd fpuhkzpapd] jpOh] tUif 40. k.bgh.rpt"hd fpuhkzpapd] jpOh] tUif :

13.08.1954 fhiy/ jpU. v. mg]Jy] urhf] ,lyhf]Foapy]

jdJ tPl ]oy] ,Ue]jnghJ/ khtPud] jpU.k.bgh.rpt"hd

fpuhkzpahh] xU Fjpiu tz]oapy] te]jpw';fpaijf] fz]l

mth] Mr]rupaj]njhL mtiu tuntw]whh]. ehfh]nfhtpypUe]J

\d]W iky] (5 fp.kP) J}uk] cz]L ,th] tPl]Lf]F. ,th] te]j

nehf]fk] vJ vd]W bjupatpy]iy. ehfh]nfhtpypy] 13.08.1954

md]W Vnjh Kd]ndw]ghL bra]ag]gl]l bghJf] Tl]lj]jpy]

rpwg ]g [iuahw]Wtjw]fhf 12.08.1954 md]nw ehfh ]nfhtpy]

te]jpUf]fpwhh]. ,';nf te]j gpwFjhd] ele]j Jg]ghf]fpr ]

Nila[k]/ mijj] bjhlh]e]j gjl]l epiyiaa[k] mwpe]jpUf]fpwhh].

md]W kl]Lk] ehfuh$h nfhapy] mUfhikapy] xU j';Fk]

tpLjpapy] j';fptpl]L/ mLj]j ehs] fhiyapy] jpU.urhf]iff;

fz]L ngRtjw]fhf mtiur] brd]W re ]jpj ]jpUf]fpwhh ] .

bghJf]Tl]lj ]jpw ]F Vw ]ghL bra]jpUe]j mtuJ fHf

fz]kzpfs] vtUk] mtiu tuntw]gjw]F tutpy]iy. xU

93 C[kúRôhPm

ntis mth]fs] midtUk] ghz]o ehl ]ow ]Fr ] brd]W

jpU.g.$Pthde]jj]Jld] jiykiwthfpapUf]fyhk].

brd]idf]F fhiyapy] jpUk]gp tpl ntz]Lk] vd]W

jPh]khdpj]J tpl]L/ te]jJ te]jhfp tpl]lJ. jpU. nerkzpia

fz]L ngrptpl]L jpUk]g ntz]Lk] vd]w vz]zj]njhL/ re]jpg]g[f]F

jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]fpd] cjtpia eho 5 fp.kP gazk] bra]J/ mth]

tPl]ow]F te]jpUf]fpwhh]. ehfh]nfhtpypy] mth] j';fpapUe]j

tpLjpapy] ,Ue]J Rkhh] xU fpnyh kPl]lh] J}uj]jpy] jhd] jpU.

nerkzpapd] tPL cs]sJ. ,th] neuhfnt m';F brd]W jpU.

nerkzpia re]jpj]jpUf]fyhk]. mij mth] bra]atpy]iy. mJ

vjdhy] vd]W bjupatpy]iy. mij tpLj]J Ie]J fp.kP. brd]W

jpU. urhf]if re]jpg]ghndd]. mtUf]F jpUk]gpr] bry]tjw]F jpU.

nerkzpapd] cjtp njit. mJ ,y]yhky] ehfh]nfhtpiy tpl]Lr]

bry]tjw]F mtuhy] ,ayhJ/ nghf]Ftuj]Jk]/ jghy] je]jp

bjhlh]g[fSk] me]j mstpw]F bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] rPh] bfl]Lf]

fple]jd. mtuJ vz]zk] vJ vd]gJ bjupe]jpUe]Jk]/ khiy tiu

j';fpapUe]J ehfh]nfhtpy] efh]kd]wj] jplypy] rpy thh]j]ijfis

brhy]yptpl]L/ jkpHh]fSf]F MWjyhfg; ngrptpl]L/ bry]y

ntz]Lk] vd]W jpU. urhf] mtiu nfl]Lf]bfhz]lhh]. “re]jh]g]gk]

rupapy]iy” vd]W RUf]fkhf gjpy] Twp/ rWfpf] bfhz;lhh]

jpU.k.bgh.rp. jkpH]ehl]oypUe]J ,tiug] nghd]w

m";rhbe";Rila murpay]thjpfs] ,';nf te]J kiyahs

muirf; fz]oj]Jg] ngrpdhy] kf]fSf]F bjk]ghf ,Uf]Fk] vd]w

vz]zk;jhd] jpU.urhf] mtiu ntz]of] bfhz]ljpd] nehf]fk].

Mdhy] cs] gaj]jhy] mth] kWj]Jtpl]lhh] vd]gJ bjspt[.

mtUf]F ijupaj]jpdhy] xU tpiwg]g[* ntbwd]d>

“mjid mth] jl]of] fHpj]Jtpl]lhh]. cldoahfnt

khh]#y] nerkzpia re]jpj]Jtpl]L bjd]fhrpf]Fr] bry]y

ntz]Lbkd]Wk]/ mjw]fhf ehd] cjtp bra]a ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]

94 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

vd]idf] nfl]Lf] bfhz]lhh]. mth] epiy fz]L ehd] ,u';fpndd].

eLf]fk] mth] be";rj]jpy] bespe]njhlf] fz]nld]. rpukj]njhL

nerkzpaplk] mtiuf] bfhz]L nrh]j]njd]. giftUf]Fk]

,u';Fk] gz]g[ila mth] ,tiu tuntw]W md]g[ld] tprhupj]jhh].

mtUk] md]iwa epiyapy] ,tiug] nghd]wth]fs] Tl]lk] nghl]Lg]

ngrpdhy] bghUj]jkhft[k]/ gaDs]sjhft[k] ,Uf]Fk]

vd]W fUj]Jj] bjuptpj]jhh]. “tw]g[Wj]j ntz]lhk]” vd]W nerkzpapd]

fuk] gw]wp ,th] nfl]Lf] bfhz]lhh]. mth] tw]g[Wj]jtpy]iy.

jdpahh] fhh] xd]iw tUj]jpf] bfhLj]J mtiu bjd]fhrpf]F

tHpaDg]gp itj]jhh]”. (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] – nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj] nerkzp xU rupj]jpuj]

jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 247 247 247 247 247 & 248) 248) 248) 248) 248)

,Jjhd] ele ]j cz]ik epfH]r ]r p . jpU. mg ]Jy]

uhrf]Fk]/ jpU. nerkzpa[k] jpU.k.ngh.rp-a[ld] neupy] elj]jpa

epfH]r]rpfis jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]nf vGjp gjpt[ bra]Js]shh].

Mdhy] ,e]j rk]gt';fis Kw]wpYkhf kiwj]J tpl]L/ jd]id

khtPudhf]Fk] Kaw]rpapy] jpU.kh.bgh.rp “vdJ nghuhl]lk]”vd]w E}ypy] ,ijj] jpupj]J vGjp gjpt[ bra]jpUf]fpwhh] vd]why]

mtuJ bray] ,Hpr]bray] Mfhjh> ,e]j E}y] jpU. nerkzp

mth]fs] kiwe]J Mwhz]LfSf]Fg] gpwF (jpU.nerkzp

01.06.1968-y] kiwe]jhh]) mjhtJ 26.05.1974-y] vGJfpwhh]. jpU.

nerkzp capUld] ,Uf]Fk] nghJ ,e]j jtwhd bra]jpia

btspapl k.bgh.rp-f]F tY ,y]iy vd]gij mtnu cWjp

bra]tjhf ,J mike]Js]sJ. Tr]rg]glhky] mth] vGJfpwhh]:

“md]gh] nerkzpaplk] ngRtjw]F Kd]g[ ehfh]nfhtpy]

efu]kd]wj] jplypy] efu jkpHuR fHfj]jhy] Vw]ghL

bra]ag]gl]oUe]j khbgUk] bghJf]Tl]lj]jpy] ngrpndd].

Kjy]th] gl]lk] jhqgps]is Ml]rpapd] bfhL';nfhd]ikiaf]

fz]oj]Jg] ngrpndd]. mlf]F Kiwfshy] bjw]bfy]iyg]

nghh] XahJ vd]Wk]/ muRf]F vr]rupf]if tpLj]jpUe]njd].

95 C[kúRôhPm

vdJ ngr]rpd] tptuk] ehd] mtiu re]jpf]Fk] Kd]ng

fpilj]jpUe]jJ. mjdhy] nghuhl]lj]ij bjhlh]e]J

elj]Jtbjd]w cWjpa[ld]jhd] ehd] bjw]bfy]iyf]F

te]jpUf]fpnwd] vd]gij czh]e]J bfhz]L/ vd]id

cldoahf rk!]jhdj]jpw ]F btspna mDg]gp

tpLtjpy] nghyPrhiu tplt[k] mth] (nerkzp) mjpf

mtruk] fhl]odhh]”. (vdJ nghuhl]lk] (vdJ nghuhl]lk] (vdJ nghuhl]lk] (vdJ nghuhl]lk] (vdJ nghuhl]lk] – k.bgh.rp k.bgh.rp k.bgh.rp k.bgh.rp k.bgh.rp –1974 – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 735)))))

nghyPrhuhy] tHp kwpr ]rhd] Kw]Wifapl ]oUe]j

nerkzpapd] ,y]yj]jpw]F bry]tjw]F Tl bjk]gpy]yhj jpU.

k.bgh.rp. 5 fp.kP brd]W jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]fpd] Jiz nfl]l

,th] ehfh]nfhtpy] efh]kd]w jplypy] khbgUk] bghJf]Tl]lk]

elj]jpdhuhk]! mt]thW xU khbgUk] bghJf]Tl]lk] 12.08.1954

md]W ele]jpUe]jhy] nghyP!] hpg]nghh]l] ,Ue]jpUf]Fnk. mJ

,y]iyna> Vd]> jtput[k] gl]lk] jhq gps]isapd] nghyP!] ,tiu

Rk]kh tpl]L itf]Fkh> bgha] brhy]tjw]Fk] xU vy]iyapy]iyah>

,y]yhjij vGjptpl]lhy] mJ cz]ik vd]whfp tpLkh>

Mdhy] xU cz]ikia vGJtjw]F mth] jtwtpy]iy.

“ehfh]nfhtpypUe]J g[wg]gLKd] jpU.g.$Pthde]jk]

mth]fis re]jpf]f Kad]nwd]. mth] jiykiwthfp

tpl]lhh] vd]W brhy]yg]gl]lJ. g[ul]rpf]F kf]fisj]

J}z]o tpLk] jiyth]fs] jiykiwthfptplyhk].

Mdhy] mth]fis ek]gpg] g[ul]rpapy] <Lgl]l kf]fbsy]yhk]

jiykiwthfptpLtJ rhj ]jpakpy ]iyay]yth*>

(mnj g[j ]jfk] (mnj g[j ]jfk] (mnj g[j ]jfk] (mnj g[j ]jfk] (mnj g[j ]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 735 & 736)))))

jtput[k]:

“bey]iyapy] xU ehs] j';fp tpl]L brd]id jpUk]gpa

gpd]dh ] / Kjy]th ] fhkuhriur ] re ]jpj ]J/ bjd]

jpUtpj';Th] epiyikia tptupj]njd]. gpujkhplk]

96 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bjhiyngrp \yk] bjhlh]g[ bfhz]L gl]lk] jhqtpd]

Ml]rp elj]Jk] mlf]FKiwf] bfhLikfis epWj]Jtjw]fhd

Kaw]rpfis nkw]bfhs]SkhW mtiu tw]g [Wj ]j

ntz]Lbkd]Wk]/ nfl]Lf]bfhz]nld]. jpU. fhkuhrh]

vdf]F ek]gpf]ifj] jUk] tifapy] gjpyspf]ftpy]iy.

bjw]bfy]iyf] fpsh]r]rp fhuzkhfj]jhd] ,t]tst[

neh]e]jbjd]Wk]/ mJ njitaw]w fpsh]r]rp vd]Wk] mth]

Twpdhh]”. (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 735 – 736)))))

,e]jr] bra]jpahy]/ jpU.fhkuhrUf]F jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpHh ]fspd] nghuhl ]lk ] njitaw]wJ vd]Wk] / mth ]fs]

jha]jkpHfj]Jld] te]J ,iztij mth] tpUk]gtpy]iy

vd]Wk] bjhpfpwJ. jpU. fhkuhrhpd] ,e]j kdg]ghd]ikahy]

jkpHf kf]fs] Fwpg]ghf/ kJiu nkw]F thH] jkpH] tptrhapfs]

,d]W re]jpj]J tUfpd]w Ky]iyg] bgupahW gpur]ridf]F mtnu

fhuzkhdhh] vd]gJ rpe]jpj]Jg] ghh]j]jhy] g[ydhFk].

jpU. k.bgh.rp. mof]fog] ngRfpd]w ‘bjw]bfy]iy’ vd]gJ

vJ> jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] gpunjr';fis mth] Fwpg]gpLfpwhh]

vd]W vz]qfpnwd]. Mdhy] jpUtpjh';Tupd] bjd] gpunjr';fs]

gpupl ]O#] ,e]jpah my]yJ kjuhrp khfhzj]jpd] bjw]F

vy]iyahf vd]Wk] ,Ue]jjpy]iy. mjd] nkw]F vy]iy

vd]bwhU ghfk] ,Ue]jjhf mth] v';Fk] Twtpy]iy.

br';nfhl]il/ njtpFsk] – g Ph ]nkL jkpHfj]jpd] nkw]F

ghfj]jpy]jhnd ,Uf]fpd]wJ. Mdhy] mitfis jkpHfj]jpd]

nkw]F vy]iybad]W vt]thW mth] fUjtpy]iynah/ mnj

nghd]wJjhd] jpUtpjh';Tupd] bjd] ghf';fSk]. vdnt ,e]j

gpunjr';fis ‘bjw]bfy]iy’ vd]W mth] Fwpg ]gpLtJ

Vw]g[ilajy]y. me]j ,l';fis kP]l]Fk] gpur]rida[k] ,';nf

vHtpy]iy. bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]/ br';nfhl]il kw]Wk] njtpFsk]

– g Ph ]nkhL gFjpfs] jkpHh ]fs] bgUthupahf thH]fpd]w

97 C[kúRôhPm

jpUtpjh';Th ; ehlhFk] . m';nf thH]fpd]w jkpHh ]fs]

khdKlDk]/ Ra kupahija[lDk] kiyahspfspd] Ml]rpapy]

thH KoahJ vd]gjw]fhfnt jp.j.eh. fh';fpu!]/ mg]gpunjr';fis

gpupj]bjLj]J mz]il khepykhd jkpHfj]Jld] ,izg]gjw]fhf

nghuhoaJ. jiyth] jpU.nerkzpapd] jiyikapy] nghuho/

jkpHh ]fSf]F btw]wpa [k ] fpilj]jJ. tpLgl ]l jkpH ]

jhYf]fhf;fshd br';nfhl]ilapd] nkw]Fg]ghfk]/ njtpFsk]/

gPh]nkL kw]Wk] rpw]W}h] nghd]wtw]iw kPl]gjw]F k.bgh.rp.ahnuh

my]yJ jkpHfj]jpy] md]iwa murpay] fl]rpfshd/

jpuhtplf]fHfnkh/ njrpa fh';fpunrh my]yJ jpuhtpl

Kd]ndw]w fHfnkh Kd]tuhjjd] fhuznk mitfs]

midj]Jk] jkpHfj]jpd] bjw]F vy]iynah my]yJ nkw]F

vy]iynah ,y]iy vd]gjhy] kl]Lnk. vdnt/ jpUtpjh';Tiu

jkpHfj]jpd] md]iwa bjw]F vy]iy vd]W bfhs]tJ rupahdJ

my]y. jpU. nerkzpapd] mUk] bgUk] Kaw]rpahy] kl]Lnk

jpUtpjh';Tupy] jkpH] ngrg]gLfpd]w ,l';fshd ehd]fiu

jhYfhf]fis gpupj]J jkpHfj]Jld] ,izj]jhh]. mij tpLj]J

mth] bjw]F vy]iyia kPl ]Lj] je]jhh ] vd]gJk]/ jkpH]

bkhHpf]fhft[k] ,e]j ePz]l nghuhl]lj]ij jpU. nerkzp

elj]jpdhh] vd]gJk] cz]ik my]y. rupahff] TWtjhapd] khdk]

bfl]l thH]tpy] ,Ue]J jdJ brhe]j ,dkhd ehlhh] kf]fSf]F

tpLjiy th';fpj] je]jhh ] vd]gnj ,jd] cz]ik epiy.

tuyhw;iw MH;e;J myrpg;ghh;j;jhy; ,e;j cz;ik g[ydhFk;.

xU ntis/ ,';nf ele]j Jg]ghf]fpr ] R{L Fwpj]J

jkpH ]ehL fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fspd] jtwhd fzpg ]ghy]

jpU. k.bgh.rp . a [k ] / mt]thW fUJfpwhnuh vd]dnkh*

jpU.k.bgh.rp. bjhlh]e]J vGJfpwhh].

“jhd] Mlhtpl ]lhYk] jd] rij MLk]” vd]gJ

gHbkhHp. Mdhy]/ jkpH] fh';fpuRf]Fr] rij fpilahJ.

98 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

mjdhy]/ bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpHh]fSf]fpiHf]fg]gl]l

bfhLikf]F vjpuhf mJ Mlnt ,y]iy. jpU.fhkuhriu

ehd] nfl]Lf] bfhz]ljd] ngupy]/ mg]nghJ j.eh.fh

jiytuhf ,Ue]j jpU.vy] .v!].fiuahsh ] bjd]

jpUtpjh';TUf]F mDg]gg ]gl ]lhh ] . mth ] m';F

ele]jtw]iw tprhupj]jwpe]J j.eh.fh. braw]FGtpw]F

mwpf]if je]jhh]. mjpny/ “Mf!]L 11-k] njjp epfH]e]j

Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]Lf]F “vy]iyf; fpsh]r]rp” jhd] fhuzk]

vd]Wk] muR mst[f ]F kPwp mlf]F KiwaPl ]oy]

<Lgl]ljhf m';Fs]s kf]fs] fUJfpwhh]fs]” vd]Wk]

fiuahsh] Fwpg]gpl]oUe]jhh]. Mk]/ mth] fUjtpy]iyahk]*

jkpHfj]jpd] Kjy]th] – jkpHpdj]jpd] bgUe]jiyth]”vd]w Kiwapy] jpU.fhkuhrh] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]jpU.fhkuhrh] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]jpU.fhkuhrh] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]jpU.fhkuhrh] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]jpU.fhkuhrh] bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpHh ]fSf]F MWjy] jUk] tifapy ] xUjkpHh ]fSf]F MWjy] jUk] tifapy ] xUjkpHh ]fSf]F MWjy] jUk] tifapy ] xUjkpHh ]fSf]F MWjy] jUk] tifapy ] xUjkpHh ]fSf]F MWjy] jUk] tifapy ] xU

mDjhg bra]jp Tlf] Twtpy]iymDjhg bra]jp Tlf] Twtpy]iymDjhg bra]jp Tlf] Twtpy]iymDjhg bra]jp Tlf] Twtpy]iymDjhg bra]jp Tlf] Twtpy]iy” ..... (mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk]

– gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 737 – 738)))))

md]W ve]jj; jkpHDf]F mth] ,u';ftpy]iynah/

mDjhgg]gltpy]iynah/ mnj jkpHd]/ fd]dpahFkhpj] jkpHd]

mtUf]fhf ,u';fpdhd]. brhe]j kz]zpy]/ brhe]j ,dj]jhuhy]

moj]J tPH]j ]jg]gl]l bgUe]jiyth] fhkuhriu/ murpay]

thH]t[ ,He]J epd]w mnj fhkuhriu “,d czh]t[ epkpj]jk]”“Fkupj] je]ij” mtUf]fhf gjtp tpyf Kd] te]jhh]. Mdhy]

fhkuhrh] mij Vw]ftpy]iy. MdhYk] tpjp tpisahow]W.

Fkupj] je]ij mtUf]F tHptpl]Lr] brd]whh]. mtuJ tPl]ony

j';fp/ ehfh]nfhtpypy] nghl]oapl]L/ jkpH] kf]fspd]/ Fwpg]ghf

ehlhh] kf]fspd] bgUthup Mjut[ld] kPz]Lk] murpay] thH]t[

bgw]whh] bgUe]jiyth] vd]gJ tuyhW. mth] ehfh]nfhtpy]

bjhFjpapy] ,Ue]J ghuhSkd]wj]jpw]F ,uz]LKiw njh]t[

bgw]whh]. ,Ug]gpDk] ,e]j khtl]lj]Jf]F Fwpg]gpLk] mst[f]F

vj]jifa tsh]r ]r pg ] gzpfisa[k ] bra]jpl mtuhy]

99 C[kúRôhPm

,aytpy]iy. jkpH]ehl]od] Kjyikr]rh] Mf ,Ue]j nghJk]

,g ]gFjp kf ]fSf]F vd]d ed]ik bra]jhh ] vd]gij

jpU.k.bgh.rp mth]fs] nkny Fwpg]gpl]Ls]shh]. Mdhy] mtuJ

Ml]rpf ] fhyj]jpy ] jkpHd] ,He]jJ kpf mjpfk] . Fkhp

khtl]lj ]jpy ] kiyahspfSf]fhf gj ]kdhgg [uk ] jkpH ]

kd]dh]fspd] muz]kidiaa[k]/ fd]dpahFkhpapy] jkpH]

kz]iza[k] tpl]Lf] bfhLj]jhh]. br';nfhl]ilj] jhYfhtpy]

rhzhh ] fztha]/ Mupah';fht[ fhztha] kw ]Wk]

mr]rd]nfhtpy] MW nghd]w $Pt ejpfs] cw]gj]jpahfp XLfpd]w

bgUthupahd ,;l';fisbay]yhk] nfusj]Jf]Fj] jhiu

thh]j]jhh]. ,tuJ cjhrPd kdg]gh';fhy] njtpFsk] gPh]nkl]il

,He]njhk]. rpw ]W}h ] gFjpia ,He]njhk]. MapDk] mth]

bgUe]jiyth] Mapw]nw. g[fbHy]yhk] mtUf]F fpilf]fpwJ.

1684 rJu fpnyh kPl]lh] gug]gsit jpUtpjh';Tupy] ,Ue]J

btl]obaLj]J jkpHfj]Jld] ,izj]j khtPud] nerkzp ,d]W

rpWikg]gl]L tpl]lhh]. mtiu ahUk] fdk] bra]at[k] ,y]iy.

ft[utpf]ft[k] ,y]iy. ahh] vt]thW rpWikg]gLj]jpdhYk]/

tuyhW mtiu “Fkupj] je]ij”bad]nw gjpt[ bra]jpUf]fpwJ.

ntW vtUk] Fkupj] je]ijahf ,Uf]f KoahJ. ntz]Lbkd;why]

“rpj]jg]gh” my;yJ jj;Jg;gps;is kl]Lnk Mf Koa[k].

41. nghyP!] ml]LHpa';fs] 41. nghyP!] ml]LHpa';fs] 41. nghyP!] ml]LHpa';fs] 41. nghyP!] ml]LHpa';fs] 41. nghyP!] ml]LHpa';fs] :

12.08.1954 md]W Kjyikr]rh] gl]lk] jhqgps]is

bjd]jpUtpjh';Tupy ] Jg ]ghf ]fpr ] R {L ele]j ,l';fis

ghh]itapl]L fhty]Jiwia kl]Lk] ghuhl]l te]jpUe]jhh]

my]yth* mtUlnd 1600 Ma[jg]gil nghyPrhiu miHj]J

te]jpUe]jhh]. jdJ ghJfhtYf]fhf my]y. jkpHh]fspd] if

fhy]fis nkYk; xog]gjw]fhf – mth]fs] ,';nf/ ,lj]Jf]F

,lk] 100/ 200/ 300 vd gpupe]J M';fh';nf Kfhkpl]ldh]. xU

gilbaLg]g [f ]Fg] gpwF vd]d elf]Fnkh/ mijbay]yhk]

100 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,th]fs] bra]jdh]. fz]lijbay]yhk] bfhs]isapl]ldh].

tPLfis Niwahodh] . vjph ]j ]jth ]fspd] vYk]g [fis

vz]zpdhh]fs]. nghyP!] tz]ofspy] ,th]fs] ,ut[ ntisfspy]

Tl Rw]wp te]jhh]fs]. fil tPjpfspy]/ me]jpf]filfspy]/

re]ijfspy] fz]lth]fisbay]yhk] jhf]fp ifJ bra]jhh]fs].

ifJ bra]ag]gl]lth]fis v';nf bfhz]L milj]jdh] vd]W

ahUf]Fk] bjhpahJ. ,th]fSf]F tHpfhl]oahf trjpa[k ]

bry]thf]Fk; gilj]jth]fis/ milahsk] fhl]Ltjw]fhf

cs]~h] ehah] gpujhdpfs] ,th]fSld] nghyP!] tz]ofspy]

gazk] bra]jdh ] . nghyP!]fhuh ]fSf]fhf ,e]j ehah ]

g pujhdpfs] ntt[ ghh ]j ]J jfty] bfhLj]jdh ] . mjd]

mog]gilapy] es]sputpy] tPL g [Fe]J kf]fis ,Gj]Jr]

brd]wdh ] . mg ]goj]jhd] 14.08.1954 md]W g.jhqyp';f

ehlhiua[k] ifJ bra]J tpl]ldh]. cs]~h] nghyP!] ,tiu

ifJ bra]atpy]iy. Mdhy] Ma[jg]gil nghyPrhh; ,tiu

ifJ bra]J rpiwapy] milj]jdh]. MapDk] mtUf]F cly]

cthij jutpy]iy. mtiu ve]j rpiwapy] milj]jdh] vd]gJ

kh]khf itf]fg]gl]oUe]jJ.

Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] Fz]logl]L/ ufrpakhf rpfpl]ir

bgw]W te]jth ]fspy] gyh ] ,we]J tpl ]ldh ] . mt]thW

,we]jth ]fspy] xUtiu rpij \l]odh ] . ,d]bdhUth]

mUsg]gd] . mtiu mlf]fk ] bra]jdh ] . ,e ]j bra]jpfs]

nghyPRf]F bfhLf]fg]gl]lJ. jpU.mUsg]gd] g[Jf]fil nghyP!]

R{l]oy] Fz]logl]L ,we]jth] vd]W Twp/ mtUf]Fg] gjpyhf

md]dhupd] jk]gpiaa[k] nrh]j]J g[Jf]fil tl]lhuj]jpy] 60 ngiu

,th]fs] ifJ bra]jdh]. ,';nf ,we]jth]fspy] ,d]bdhUth]

jpU.gPh]KfkJ. nj';fhg]gl]lzj]Jf]fhuh]. nghyPrhupd] fz]

jg ]g pa ,tuJ cliy mtuJ rnfhjuh ] vLj]J mlf]fk]

bra]jhh]. mlf]fk] bra]ag]gl]lth]fspd] cly]fis njhz]o

101 C[kúRôhPm

vLf]fg] nghtjhf m';Fs]s kiyahspfs] tje]jpia fpsg]gp

mr]rj]ij kf]fspilna cUthf]fpdh]. bjhLtl]oia rhh]e]j

ghh]ry] bry]yg]gd] FHpj]Jiw yhf]fg]gpy] itf]fg]gl]oUe]jhh].

fhiyapy ] cly] eyj ]Jld] ele ]J brd]wth ] me ]j pg ]

bghGJf]Fg] gpwF Fjpfhy] cilf]fg]gl]L/ cly] KGf]f

rijf]fg]gl]L/ ehYfhy]fshy] jtH]e]J yhf]fg]g[f]F bfhz]L

tug]gl]lhh]. FHpj]Jiw yhf]fg]gpy] milf]fg]gl]oUe]jth]fspy]

xUth ] bry ]te ]jh ] ey ]yjk ]g p ehlhh ] . mth ] jiyapy ]

bfhl ]lhk ]g [sp bfhz]L (Hammer) moj]J jiyia

behWf]fpajpy] mth] gy ehl]fs] kaf]fKw]W fple]jhh]. kw]w

yhf]fg]g[fspYk] ,nj fijjhd]. bea]a{h] Mj]jptpisiar]

rhh ]e ]j r p' ;fuhah ] ehlhUf]Fk ] ,nj fjpjhd] . mtiu

cijj]j ntfj]jpy] Kd] tupir gw]fs] cjph]e]jd. ig';Fsk]

MHh';Fsk] ntY vd]gtiu be";rpy] njhf]F \l]lhy] ,oj]J

Fw]Wapuhf]fp J}f]fp tPrpdh]. nkYk] E}w]Wf]fzf]fhd ehlhh]

kf]fs] mile]j Jau';fisf] Fwpj]J bjupe]J bfhs]tjw]F

mwpth] o. gPl]lhpd] “Fkhp khtl]l tpLjiy – fy]Fsk] –tpst';nfhL kf]fs] je]j tpiy (1948 & 1954)” vd]w E}iyg]

goj]J bjhpe]J bfhs]S';fs]. nj';fhg]gl]lzk]/ fPH]Fsk]/

fps]spa{h]/ ,yt[tpis/ fhg]g[f]fhL/ kzyp/ bfhw]wpnfhL/

Mw]W}h ]/ \yr]ry]/ fU';fy]/ bry]y';nfhzk]/ gs]spaho/

Fynrfuk]/ kzypf]fiu nghd]w ehlhh] nfe]jpu';fspy] ,ut[

gfy] vd]W ghuhky] Ma[jg]gil Ml]fis ntl]ilahoaJ.

ig';Fsk] g";rhaj]Jj] jiyth] jpU. j';ifad]/ g";rhaj]J

cWg]gpdh] ,d]bdhU j';ifad]/ Kf]fhL rpl]o j';fg]gd]

nghd]w Kd]dpiy jp .j.eh.fh bjhz]lh ]fis ifJ

bra]tjw]F Kf]fhL ehuhaz gps]is vLj]Jf] bfhz]l

Kaw]r pfs] midj]Jk ] njhy ]tpaile ]jd. ,th ]fs ]

jiykiwthfptpl ]ldh ] . ,th ]fsplkpUe ]J jg ]g pj ]Jf ]

bfhs]tjw]F Mz]fs] mz]il khepykhd jkpHfj]jpy ]

102 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

j";rk] g[Fe]jdh]. gyh] mlh]e]j fhl]Lg] gFjpfSf]Fs] brd]W

gJ';fp gl]odp fple]jdh]. fhaKw]w gyh] ehfh]nfhtpypYk]/

bea]a{hpYk] ufrpakhf rpfpl ]ir bgw]W te]jdh] . 1854-y]

bts]isad] ehlhh]/ jdJ Mjuthsh]fshd gd]dPuhapuk]

bjhz]lh]fnshL/ jPf]fhto Rke]J/ Fkhunfhapy] brd]W/

g{f]FHp ,w';fp nfhapy] EiHt[ bra]J tpl]lhh]. md]W nfhapy]

EiHt[ ehlhh]fSf]Fk] kWf]fg]gl]oUe]j fhyk]. Mifahy]

,th]fsJ EiHt[ Kaw]rpia ehah]fSk]/ ehah] FWg]g[fSk]/

gpuhkzh]fSk] kiyahs muRk] jLj]J epWj]jpl Kad]wdh].

mjdhy] m';nf fytuk;\z]lJ. Vuhsk] caph ]r ] nrjk]

tpise]jJ. ,ijj] bjhlh]e]J M';fh';nf rhjpf] fytuk]

bjhl';fpaJ. jpUtpjh' ;Th ] ehlhh ]fspd ] cjtpf ]fhf

jpUbey]ntyp/ ts]spa{h]/ gzFo/ fhty]fpzW/ m";Rfpuhkk]

nghd]w Ch ]fspypUe ]J/ ehlhh ] kf ]fs] / Ma[j';fSld]

jpUtpjh';Th ] te ]jdh ] . ,e ]j epfH]r ]r papid epidtpy]

bfhz]L ,g]bghGJk]/ fd]dpahFkhp/ m";Rfpuhkk] bjhl]L

Muy]tha ]bkhHp tiuapYk] jpUtpjh';Th ] Ma[jg ]gil

nuhe]J te]jJ. Mdhy] eh";rpy] ehl]oy] vj]jifa ryryg]g[k]

,y]yhjjhy] m';nf ve]j bts]shk]gps]isa[k] ifjhftpy]iy.

jtput[k] murpaypy] <Lgl]oUe]j xU rpy bts]shk]gps]isfSk]

brd]idf]Fk]/ bey]iyf]Fk] brd]W cwtpdh]fsplk] kiwe]J

thH]e]jdh]. mth]fSf]F eofh] vd].v!].fpU#]zd] kw]Wk]

o.nf.v!].rnfhjuh]fs] milf]fyk] je]J ngh#pj]jikahy]

mth]fis nghyP!] gilapdh] njltpy]iy.

42. nerkzpapd; jdpik 42. nerkzpapd; jdpik 42. nerkzpapd; jdpik 42. nerkzpapd; jdpik 42. nerkzpapd; jdpik :

nghyP!] ml]?Hpa';fSf]F m";rp gyh ] ghz]o

ehl]Lf]Fr] brd]W jiykiwthdh]fs] my]yth/ mg]gog]

nghdth]fspd] FLk]g';fs] nerkzpapd] tPl ]ow ]F

gilbaLj]jhh]fs]. jpU.nerkzpa[k]/ jpU.mg]Jy] urhf]Fk]

103 C[kúRôhPm

ghuhSkd]w cWg]gpdh ]fs] Mifahy] mth ]fis

nghyP!]fhuh]fshy; ifJ bra]a Koatpy]iy. vdnt jiyth]

jpU.nerkzpia kf]fs] njo te]jjpy] tpag]bghd]Wkpy]iy.

mg]go njo te]jth ]fs] bgUk]ghYk] neh ] mwpKfk]

,y]yhjth]fs]. ms]spf] bfhLf]f Koahtpl]lhYk] Koe]j

mst[ Mjut[ fhl]o/ MWjy] brhy]yp mDg]gpd mth]fSf]F

Mjut[ TWtjw]F mtiuj] jtpu ntW ahh] ,';nf cz]L

jiyth]fs] midtUk] rpiwapy] milf]fg]gl]oUe]jdh]. ,ut[

gfyhf ,tiuj] njo te]j murpay]thjpfs]/ bghJeythjpfs]/

jd]dythjpfs] vdg] gy jpwg]gl]lth]fs] ,g]nghbjy]yhk] ,th]

thH]e]j jpir nehf]fp jiyjhDk] itj]Jg] gLf]ftpy]iy.

me]j mst[f ]F nghyP!] eltof]iffs] jiy J}f ]fp

epd]wpUe]jJ. ,njhL btspg ]g [wj ; bjhlh ]g [k ] mtUf]F

,y]yhky] nghapw]W. mtuJ bjhiyngrpa[k] Kl';fpf] fple]jJ.

rpiwfspy] milf]fg]gl]lth]fis/ yhf]fg]g [fspy]

Jd]gk ] mile]J tUfpwth ]fis btspna bfhz]L tu

ntz]Lk]. ,jw]F ePjpkd]w';fis ehl ntz]Lk]. mjw]F Ms]

ntz]Lnk. tf]fPy]fs] ntz]Lnk. ,e]j ,f]fl]lhd ntisapy]

ez]gndh/ r Plndh/ \j]jtndh/ ,isatndh/ ve ]j

tHf]fwp"h] ,tiuj] njo te]jhd]> ahUk] tutpy]iy. ,e]j

KiwapYk] ,th] jdpikg]gLj;jg;gl;Ltpl]lhh]. Mdhy] ,U

,sk] tf]fPy]fs] j';fshy] ,ad]w mst[ bra]tjw]F Kd]

te]jdh]. xUth] jpU. gf]UjPd] Mjk]. kw]wth] jpU. n$k]!].

,uz]LngUnk tf]fPy] bjhHpypy] fw]Wf]Fl]ofs]. MdhYk]

JzpnthL bray]gl]ldh]. ePjpkd]wk] Vwp $hkPd] kDf]fs]

jhf ]fy] bra]jdh ] . gad] ,y]iy. ahUf]Fk] e Pjpkd]wg ]

ghJfhg ]g [ fpilf]ftpy]iy. cah]e Pjpkd]wk ] tiuapYk]

,Jjhd] epiyik. MapDk] nerkzp nrhh]e]J tpltpy]iy.

mtUf]F gspr]brd]W xU nahrid njhd]wpw]W.

104 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

43. mg]Jy] urhf]ifj] J}J mDg;gpdhh; 43. mg]Jy] urhf]ifj] J}J mDg;gpdhh; 43. mg]Jy] urhf]ifj] J}J mDg;gpdhh; 43. mg]Jy] urhf]ifj] J}J mDg;gpdhh; 43. mg]Jy] urhf]ifj] J}J mDg;gpdhh; :

jpU. mg]Jy] urhf]if miHj]J “ehk] ,';fpUe]J bra]a

Koahjij eP btspna nghdhy] bra]a Koa[k]” vd]W jPh]f]fj]

juprdk] brhd]dhh]. Mdhy] ,th] vg]go btspna nghtJ>

thfd trjpfs] midj]Jk] Klf]fp itf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. me]j

ntisapy] btspkhepyj]jpypUe]J jpU.mg]Jy] urhf]ifg]

ghh]g]gjw]fhf te]j jdJ cwtpdh] fhupy] Vwp Muy]tha]bkhHp

tHpahf jpUtpjh';Tiu tpl]L btspnawp/ jpUbey]ntyp

brd]W tpl ]lhh ] . md]W khiyapy] jpUbey]ntyp

vk] .g p . jpU.gp .o.jhqgps]isia re ]jpj ]J Mnyhrid

fye]jhh ] . jpUbey]ntyp khtl]lf ; fh';fpu!] jiyth]

jpU.nf.w]wp.nfhry]uhika[k] re]jpj]Jg] ngrpdhh]. mth]fs]

,UtUk] clnd vk] .vy] .v.r';fh ]bul ]oahiuj] bjhlh ]g [

bfhz]L Mnyhrid elj]jpdh]. fytuk] elj]j ,l';fis

tpiuthf neupy] te]J ghh]itapl cs]sjhf jpU.urhf]Ff]F

cWjpaspj ]jdh ] . mjd]go mth]fs] 17.08.1954 md]W

ehfh]nfhtpy] te]J jpU. nerkzpia re]jpj]J tpthjpj]Jtpl]L/

Jg]ghf]fpr ] R{L ele]j ,l';fSf]Fr] brd]W tptu';fis

Ma]t[ bra]J/ kWehs] ghujg] gpujkh ] neUt[f ]F jfty]

je ]jdh ] . mj]Jld] epw ]fhky] jpU. gp .o. jhqgps]is

mth]fs] (jpUbey]ntypj] bjhFjp vk].gp) bly]yp tpiue]J/

jpU.urhf]if m';nfa[k] fz]L/ bra]a ntz]oaij bra]aj]

bjhl';fpdhh].

jpUtpjh';Th] gp .v!].gp . muR elj]jpa Jg]ghf]fpr ]

R{l]ow]Fg] gpwF/ Kjd] Kjyhf jpU.nerkzpia re]jpj]J

tpthjpj]jth]fs] jpUtpjh';Th] fk]a{dp!]L jiyth]fshd

jpU.o.tp.jhk!]/ vk] .vy].v./ jpU. _fz]ld] ehah] vk] .gp;jpU. gp.o. g[d]D}!]/ vk].gp Mth]. mth]fs] jpU.nerkzpf]F

MWjy] TwpdhYk] / g pur ]ridf]F Vw ]wKiwapy ] j Ph ]t [

105 C[kúRôhPm

Twtpy ]iy. jkpH ]ehl ]oypUe ]J murpay] g puKfh ]fs]

jpU. nerkzpia re]jpg]gjw]F Kd]ghf ntjhuz]zpak] cg]g[

rj]jpahfpufp jpU. nkfehjd] vd]gth] ehfh]nfhtpy] te]J

,tiur; re]jpj]jhh]. ,th] jpU. ,uhrnfhghyhr]rhupahupd]

cw]w ez]guhthh]. gy tl]lhu';fspy] bgUk] bry]thf]Fila

,e]j nkfehjd] / tpiue ]J te ]J nerkzpia re ]j pj ]J

tpthjpj ;jjhy ] nerkzp k Pz]Lk ] cw ]rhfkile ]jhh ] .

cldoahf ,th] kjuh!] brd]W jpU. ,uh$h$piaa[k]/ mth]

tl ]lhu';fisa[k ] re ]jpj ]J/ jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehl ]oy]

elg]gitfisf; Fwpj]j tptu';fis mth]fSf]Fj] je]jhh].

,jd] tpisthf 21.08.1954 md]W Kd]dhs] mikr]rUk]/ gpugy

tHf]fwp"Ukhd jpU.gh#pak ] Ia';fhu plkpUe ]J

jpU.nerkzpf]Fj; je]jp te]jJ. mjpy] jhnk neupy] te]J

jp .j.eh.fh. ifjpfSf]Fj ] njitahd rl ]l u Pj pahd

fhupa';fis bra]tjhf cWjp mspj ]j pUe ]jhh ] . ,e ]jr ]

bra]jpahy] jpU. nerkzp nkYk] MWjy] mile]J giHa

jplkhd epiyf]F te]Jtpl]lhh]. g[j]Japh] bgw]whh] vd]nw Tw

ntz]Lk]. ,jdhy] rhk]gypy] ,Ue]J nghzpf]!] gwit

nghd]W kPz]Lk] caph]j]bjGe]J rpwfof]fj] bjhl';fpaJ.

caug] gwg]gjw]fhd mwpFwpfs] mtupy] fhzg]gl]ld.

brd]idf]Fr ] brd]w jpU. mg ]Jy] urhf ] Kjy]

ntiyahfj; jkpH ]ehL Kjyikr]rh ] bgUe]jiyth]

jpU.fhkuhriu re ]jpj ]J/ epytuj]ij vLj]Jiuj]jhh ] .

jpU. nerkzp mtUf]F vGjpapUe]j fojj]ija[k] mtuplk]

je]jhh]. vy]yhk] bghWiknahL nfl]Lf] bfhz]oUe]J tpl]L/

jkpH ]ehL fh';fpu!] jiyth] jpU.vy] .v!].fiuahsiu

re]jpf]FkhW mwpt[Wj]jpdhh]. mjw]Fg] gpwF ghuhSkd]w

cWg]gpdh ] jpU. H.D. uh$htpd] Jiza[ld] \jwp"h ]

,uh$h$pia re ]jpf ]fr ] brd]whh ] . gy tHpfs] thapyhf

106 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy ] ele ]jtw]iwbay]yhk] bjupe ]J

itj]jpUe]j \jwp"h] rl]bld jdJ Koitj; bjuptpj]jhh].

“,dp gp.v!].gp. nkyplj]jpypUe]J vd]d tUfpwJ vd]gijf]

bfh";rk] bghWj]jpUe]J ghU';fs]” vd]W g [d]KWtYld]

te]jJ gjpy]. ,J jpU. urhf]Ff]F g[Jj] bjk]ig mspj]jJ.

bgUe ]jiyth ] Twpago fh' ;f pu!] jiyth ]

j pU.vy ] .v!] . fiuahsh ] 16 .08 .1954 md]W jpU. urhf ]

j';fpapUe]j ,lj]Jf]F mtiuj] njo te]J tpl]lhh]. mth]

tpUk ]g pago jpU.r pjk ]guehjida[k ] / E}h ]KQkija[k ]

miHj]Jf ] bfhz]L jpUk ]gt [k ] Kjyikr ]rh ] j pU.

fhkuhriur ] re ]jpj ]jhh ] . fhty]Jiw mwpf ]iffs] Kd]

Tl]ona mtUf]F fpilj]jpUe]jd. jpUtpjh';TupypUe]J

jg ]g pnaho jkpHfj ]j py ] j";rkile ]jpUe ]jth ]fSf]fhf

mfjpfs] Kfhk] mikf]f ntz]o tUnkh vd]w Mj';fj]ij

mth]fsplk] btspapl]lhh]. ,jw]fpilapy] jpU.vy].v!].fiuahsh]

FWf]fpl]L/ bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] gjw]wkhd ,l';fSf]F xU

ey]byz]zf] FGit mDg]gp itj]jhy] crpjkhf ,Uf]Fk]

vd]W Mnyhrid gfh]e]jhh]. mjd] mog]gilapy]/ mtuJ

jiyikapy] 1954 Mf!]L 25-y] xU ey]byz]zf] FG bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] Rw]Wg] gazk] bra]J epytuj]ij Ma]t[

bra]tJ vd]W clnd jPh]khdkhapw]W.

brd]idapy] Kf]fpa jiyth]fs] midtiua[k ]

re]jpj]Jtpl]L/ jpU. urhf] 17.08.1954 md]W g[Joy]yp g[wg]gl]Lr]

brd]whh]. mfpy ,e]jpa fh';fpu!] brayhsh] jpU.yhy]gfJ}h]

rh!]jpupia re]jpj]J njtpFsk]/ gPh]-nkL gFjpapy] bray]gl]L

te]j fh';fpu!] mikg]gpd] ,U r';f';fSf]fpilna ele]Jte]j

jfuhiwj; jPh ]j]J itg]gjw]F khw]Wf] fl]rpahd gp.v!].gp.

muRf]F vd]d Mh]tk] te]jJ vd]W nfs]tp vGg]gpdhh]. mth]fs]

oy]yp jiyikafj]Jf]F my]yth te]jpUf]f ntz]Lk]/ vd]W

107 C[kúRôhPm

tpsf]fk] mspj ]jhh ] . jtput[k ] mikf]fg ]gl ]oUf]fpd]w

khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [ fkp#id njtpFsk] g Ph ]nkL

bry]ytplhky] jLf]f ntz]Lk] vd]gJk] gp.v!].gp. murpd]

nehf]fkhFk]. Vbdd]why] fkp#d] m';nf brd]why] jkpHh]fs]

g [j ]Japh ] bgw ]W j';fs] tpUg ]gj ]ij fkp#dplk]

bjuptpj]Jtpl]lhy] mJ kiyahspfSf]F bgUk] ,Hg]ig

cUthf]fp tpLk] vd]gJ gp.v!].gp. murpd] fzpg]g[. mjdhy]

fkp#d] njtpFsk] – gPh]nkL bry]tij muR tpUk]gtpy]iy.

jpUtpjh';Th] fh';fpu!] fl]rpa[k] mij tpUk]gtpy]iy. ,e]jpa

njrpaf] fh';fpurpd] kiyahsf] fpisa[k] mij tpUk]gtpy]iy.

Mdhy] m';Fs]s jp.j.eh. fh';fpu!] rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs]

fkp#id miHj]jhh ]fs] . muR Mnyhridia g [wk ]

js]sptpl]L fkp#dhy] m';nf bry]tjw]F ,aytpy]iy.

Vbddpy] fkp#dpy] ,lk] bgw]wpUe]j kiyahsf] fiuiar]

rhh ]e ]j rh ]jhh ] nf.vk] . gzpf]fiu xJf]fptpl ]L kw]w ,U

cWg]gpdh]fSk] m';nf nghtJ fodk]. mjdhy] fkp#d]

m';nf nghfhkny j';fSf]F muR bjuptpj ]jJ nghd]W

jPh]g]g[f; Twptpl]lhh]fs]. jkpHd] eyd] ngzpl fkp#dpy] ahUk]

,y]iy. ,ij jpU.yhy]gfJ}h ] rh!]jpu pa [ plk ] jpU.urhf ]

tpsf]fpdhh ] . ,jw]F rh!]jpu pahh ] vt]tpj gjpYk]

mspf]ftpy]iyahdhYk]/ gpur]ridia ftdkhf nfl]Lj;

bjupe]J bfhz]lhh] vd]W fUjg]gl]lJ.

44. kj]jpa murpd] btWg]g[ 44. kj]jpa murpd] btWg]g[ 44. kj]jpa murpd] btWg]g[ 44. kj]jpa murpd] btWg]g[ 44. kj]jpa murpd] btWg]g[ :

“Because of a nail, the battle was lost” vd]ghh]fs]. mJ

,';nf ele]J tpl]lJ. rpy ,uz]lhk] epiyj] jiyth]fspd]

jtwhd bray]fshy] kj ]jpa cs]Jiw mikr]rfj]jpd]

mDjhgj]ij jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] ,Hf]f ntz]oajhapw]W. ,e]j

mDgtj]ij jpU.urhf] bly]ypapy] cs]Jiw mikr]rfj]ij

mqfpa nghJ czh;e;Jbfhz]lhh].

108 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kjuhrpapy ] Kf]fpa jiyth]fis re ]jpj ]J

epiyikfis tpsf]fptpl ]L bly]yp brd]whh ] my]yth>

(17.08.1954) fh';fpu!] brayhsh] jpU.yhy]gfJ}h] rh!]jphpia

re]jpj ]Jtpl ]L/ 22.08.1954 md]W cs]Jiw mikr]rh ]

jpU.ifyhrehj] fl]$%it re]jpj]jhh]. bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]

epiyikfisr; RUf]fkhf tpsf]fp xU nfhupf ]ifia

mtuplk] mspj ]jhh ] . mjdog]gilapy] 23.08.1954 md]W

mikr]riu re]jpf]Fk]go jpU. urhf] kPz]Lk] miHf]fg]gl]lhh].

me]j re]jpg]gpy]jhd] jp.j.eh. fh';fpu!]/ gpujkh] $tQh]yhy]

neUtpd] foj';fis kjpf ]ftpy]iybad]Wk] / mij

cjhrPdg]gLj]jptpl]ldh] vd]Wk]/ mth] nfl]Lf] bfhz]lgo

mf]fojj]ij gj]jpupiffspy] btspaplhky] ,Ul]log]g [r ;

bra]J tpl]lijf] Fwpj]j Mj';fj]ij cs]Jiw mikr]rh]

vLj]Jiuj]jhh]. ,jw]Fg] gjpyspf]Fk] tpjkhf jp.j.eh.fh

jiyth] jpU.uhkrhkpgps]is 13.08.1954 njjpapl]l tpsf]ff]

fojk] gw]wp jpU. urhf] Fwpg]gpl]lhh]. “mJ btWk] fz]Jilg]g[

ntiy kl]Lk” vd]W Twpj; js]sptpl]lhh] cs]Jiw mikr]rh].

Mifahy] kj ]jpa muR epiyapy] xUjg]g [ vz]zk]

cUthfpapUe]jJ btl]l btspr ]rkhapw ]W. ,jw]F ahh ]

fhuzk]. jp .j.eh.fh.tpd] ,uz]lhk] epiyj] jiytuhd

jpU.F";rd] ehlhh ] jhd] fhuzk] vd]gJ cWjp. gpujkh ]

neUtpd] fojk] F";rd] ehlhh] ifapy] fpilj]jpUf]fpwJ.

mjw]Fg] gpwF uhkRthkp gps]isapd] ifapYk] mLj]j fojk]

fpilj]jpUf]fpwJ. ,f]foj';fis jiyth] nerkzpaplk]

,UtUk] fhl]ltpy]iy. mth] jpUtde]jg[uk] rpiwapy]jhd]

,Ue]jhh]. mtuplk] brd]W ,J Fwpj]J Mnyhrid bra;tjw]F

jpU. F";rd] ehlhUf]F Koe]jpUf]Fk] . Mdhy] mth]

mij bra]ahky] mrl]ilr; bra;Jtpl]lhh]. jpU.nerkzpapd]

ghh]itf]F ,f]foj';fs] brd]wpUe]jhy] cldoahf mth]

jf ]fbjhU gjpy ] vGjp gpujkupd] ek ]g pf ]ifia (Trust)

109 C[kúRôhPm

bgw]wpUf]fyhk] . jtput[k ] gpujkiu mth] kjpj ]J gjpy]

mspj ]jpUg ]ghh ] . ,t]thW mwptpypj ]jdkhf mth]

bray]gl]oUf]fkhl]lhh]. ,jdhy] kj]jpa muR/ jp.j.eh.fh-tpdh]

kPJ xUjtwhd vz]zk] bfhz]lJ.

,e]jr ; re ]jh ]g ]gj ]ij jpUtpjh';Th ] Kjyikr]rh ]

jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is ed]whfg; gad]gLj]jpf] bfhz]lhh].

jpU.neUtpd] fojj]ij mth] gj]jpupiffspy] gpuRupj]J mtupd]

ey]byz]zj]ijf; fth ]e ]J bfhz]lhh ] . ,jdhy] jhd]

khfhz';fs] g [duikg]g [f ; FGkj]jpd] gupe ]Jiuapd] kPJ

epahakhd thjj]ijg] ghuhSkd]wj]jpy ] \d]W ehl]fs]

jpU. nerkzp vLj]J itj]Jk] / kj ]jpa murpd] ghh ]it

jkpHh]fs] kPJ glhkypUe]jJ. ,th]fs] bra]j rpW jtwpd]

ghjpg ]g pd ] bgUe]jhf ]fk ] / ek ] k PJ tpGe]jJ. ,jw]Ff]

fhuzkhdth] jpU. F";rd] ehlhh] Mthh].

cs]Jiw mikr]riur ; re ]jpj ]Jtpl ]L jpU. urhf ]

gpujkh] gz]oj $tQh]yhy] neUit mth] mYtyfkhd

bjw]F kz]lgj]jpy] 26.08.1954 md]W khiy 4.00 kzpf]F

re]jpj]jhh]. jd]idj] jahh]g ]gLj]jpf] bfhz]L gpujkuplk]

ngRtjw]F Kw]gLk] Kd]ghf/ gpujkh] vLj]j vLg]gpnyna “ehd]

vd]d bra]a ntz]Lk]” vd]W nfl]Lf] bfhz]lhh].

“,Usile]j gPjpa[k]/ gaKk] epyt[fpwJ vd]Wk]/ ,e]j

epiyikf]Ff] fhuzk] mgupkpjkhd nghyP!]

elkhl ]lKk]/ mth ]fSf]F csthfr] bray]gLk]

cs]~h] Fz]lh ]fSk] jhd] vd]Wk] / ,ij

kl]Lg ]gLj]jpdhy] g Pjpahy] mz]il khepyj]jpy ]

xJ';fpapUf]Fk] Fo kf]fs] tPL jpUk]g[thh]fs] vd]Wk]/

nghyP!] mj]JkPwy]fis tprhupf ]f gl ]rghjkw]w

xUbtspkhepy iQnfhh ]l ] $l ]i$ epakpj ]jhy]

110 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

cz]ik g[ydhtnjhL bghJ kf]fSf]Fk]/ mth]fSf;F

,g]nghJ njitg]gLk] gj]jpu czh]t[ Vw]gLk] vd]Wk]/

mjw]F mth] cjt ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] g[s]sp tptu';fnshL

nfl]Lf]bfhz]nld].…. Mdhy] mth] xd]W vd]idf]

nfl]lhh]. mg]nghJ oy]ypapy] ntW mYty] epkpj]jk]

j';fpapUe]j jpUtpjh';Th] bfhr]rp mikr]rh] gp.nf.

F";R-nthL ,ij ehd] ngrp Koj]Jtpl]lhy] vd]d vd]W

nfl]lhh]. “vdf]F xU kWg]g[k] ,y]iy. Mdhy] ve]j

Kot[f]Fk] tUk] mjpfhuk] mth] ifapy] ,y]iy” vd]W

ehd] kWbkhHp brhd]ndd]’. (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] (v.v. urhf] – nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp

xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] xU rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 264 & 265)))))

mjw]F nky] jpU. neUt[f]Fr] brhy]tjw;F vJt[k]

,Uf]ftpy]iy.

45. fhtiy cilj]jhh; nerkzp45. fhtiy cilj]jhh; nerkzp45. fhtiy cilj]jhh; nerkzp45. fhtiy cilj]jhh; nerkzp45. fhtiy cilj]jhh; nerkzp :

Kd]ng jpl]lkpl]oUe]jgo/ 26.08.1954 md]W jkpH]ehL

fh';fpu!] jiyth] jpU.vy].v!].fiuahsh] jiyikapy] xU

ey]byz]zf] FG bjd] jpUtpjh';TUf]Fr] Rw]Wg] gazk]

bra]J JaUw]wpUe]j kf]fis M';fh';nf neupy] re]jpj]J

cz]ik epiy g [h pe ]J bfhz]lJ ,f]FG neha[w ]wpUe]j

ftpkzp njrpf tpdhafk] gps]isiaa[k] mtuJ ,y]yj]jpy]

re]jpj]J tptu';fs] bjupe]J bfhz]lJ. jpU.fiuahsupd]

mwpf]if fh';fpu!] kj]jpapy] bgUk] ryryg]ig cUthf]fpw]W.

,JtiuapYk] tPl]oy] milgl]Lf] fple]j jpU.nerkzp

tPl ]Lr] rpiwia cilj]Jf] bfhz]L btspnawptpl ]lhh ] .

tpsf]fkhd Xh] mwpf]ifia midj]Jg; gj]jpupiffSf]Fk]

mth] mspj]jhh]. mjpy] ,we]jth]fs] 11/ mghakhd Kiwapy]

CdKw]wth ]fs] 300-f ]Fk] mjpfk] vd]W mth] nfhol]L

fhl]oaJ nghf/ nghyP!] yhf]fg]gpy] th]k !]jhd';fspy]

111 C[kúRôhPm

mogl]L eype]j cly] epiyapy] Fw]Wapuhf fplf]Fk] gyE}W

Ml]fspd] epiyikiag] gupnrhjpj ]J cupa rpfpl ]ir

mspg ]gjw ]fhf xU jdp kUj]Jt gupnrhjidf] FGit

epakpf]f ntz]Lbkd]Wk]/ Mf!]L 11-k] njjpapYk] mjw]Fg]

gpwFk] ele]j gy nghyP!] ml]?Hpa';fis Muha]tjw]fhf

btsp khepy cah]e Pjpkd]w $l]$ ] jiyikapy] xU

ePjp tprhuizf] fkp#d] epakpf ]f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]

tw]g[Wj]jpf] nfl]oUe]jhh]. ,e]j mwpf]if oy]ypapy] Kf]fpa

gj]jpupiffspy] btspahapw]W.

jtput[k] gPjpapy] ciwe]J fple]j bjd] jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpHh]fis kPz]Lk] jl]o vGg]g[k]goahf/ Xh; miwTtiya[k]

tpLj]jhh]. “ek]Kila <l]lhd] kpf mz]ikapy] te]J tpl]lJ.

jsh]nth/ jaf]fnkh ntz]oajpy]iy. Jauj]ijj] Jilj]Jf]

bfhz]L Jzpt[ld] Kd]ndwp thU';fs]. tPH]r ]rpapy]iy.

btw]wp eknj” vd]W Cf]fk] mspj]J miwTty] tpl;lhh].

,e ]j ,U mwpf ]iffshy] jpUtpjh';Th ] -bfhr ]r p

fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fs] fyf]fKw]wdh] . gp .v!].gp . rpWghd]ik

muRf]F btspapy] ,Ue]J bfhz]L Mjut[ bfhLj]J

tUfpd]wth]fs] fh';fpu!]fhuh;fs] vd]gjhy]/ mth]fSf]F

,e]jj ; Jau rk ]gtj]jpy ] rk g';F cz]L vd]w jhh ]k Pf

czh]thy] mth]fs] bgUk] fyf]fkile]jdh]. ,J gp.v!].gp

muRf]F gPjpia cUthf]fpw]W. jkpH] kf]fs] Fwpg]ghf ehlhh]

kf]fs] kPz]Lk] cWjpa[ld] bray]ghl]oy] ,w';Ftjw]Fk]/

jpU. nerkzpapd] gpd]dhy] mzp jpust[k] cWjp g{z]ldh].

,ijf; fz]L bfhz]l gp.v!].gp. muR bgUk] gPjpaile]jJ.

46. gp.v!].gp. tl]lhuj]jpy] mjpUg]jp 46. gp.v!].gp. tl]lhuj]jpy] mjpUg]jp 46. gp.v!].gp. tl]lhuj]jpy] mjpUg]jp 46. gp.v!].gp. tl]lhuj]jpy] mjpUg]jp 46. gp.v!].gp. tl]lhuj]jpy] mjpUg]jp :

jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] gp.v!].gp. muRf]F nkYk]

xUkuz mo tpGtij jpiuapy] fhz Koe]jJ. mJ mfpy

112 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,e]jpah gp.v!].gp. (gpu$h nrhrpayp!]L fl]rp) bghJr] brayhsh]

jpU.uhk] kndhfh] nyhfpahtpd] fz]ld mwpf]if mtiur]

rpiw itj]jpUe]j iedpjhy] rpiwr] rhiyapy] ,Ue]J btsp

te]jJ. mtuJ fUj]Jg]go jpUtpjh';Tu] gp.v!].gp. muR

jhdhfnt Kd] te]J 1954 Mf!]L 26-f]F Kd] cldoahf

gjtp tpyf ntz]Lk] vd]W tw]g[Wj]jpapUe]jhh]. mtUila

fUj]Jg ]go ve ]j gp .v!].g p . muRf]Fk] kf ]fisr] Rl ]Lf ]

bfhy]tjw]F chpik fpilahJ. Mfnt ,';F ele]j

Jg]ghf]fpr] R{Lfs] fh';fpu!] fl]rpia jpUg]jpg]gLj]Jtjw]fhf

gl]lk] jhqgps]is bra]jhh] vd]Wk] mth] nkYk] Fw]wk]

rhl]odhh]. nrhrpayp!]L fl]rp bgauhy] bray]gl]L tUfpd]w

jhqgps]isapd] muR nkYk] xU epkplk] Tl gjtpapy]

ePof]ff] TlhJ vd]Wk] jpU. nyhfpah mwptpj]J tpl]lhh].

47. Ml]rpiag] gpof;Fk; jpl]l';fs] 47. Ml]rpiag] gpof;Fk; jpl]l';fs] 47. Ml]rpiag] gpof;Fk; jpl]l';fs] 47. Ml]rpiag] gpof;Fk; jpl]l';fs] 47. Ml]rpiag] gpof;Fk; jpl]l';fs] :

jpU.nyhfpahtpd] mwpf]ifiaj] bjhlh]e ]J gl]lk]

jhqgps]isapd] Kjyikr]rh] ehw]fhyp Ml]lk] fz]lJ. ,e]j

epiyapy] fh';fpu!] jdJ Mjuit tpyf]fpf] bfhz]lhy]

muir vt]thW fhg]ghw]wpf] bfhs]syhk] vd]w tpa{fj]jpy]

,w';fpdhh] jpU. jhqgps]is. gjtpia Jwg]gjw]F mth]

jahuhf ,y]iy. vdnt fzf]Ff] Tl]odhh] . gp .v!].gp.

fl ]r papdh ] 19 ngh ] (rghehafh ] cl]gl) ,lJ Kd]dzp

fk]a{dp!]L fl ]rpapdh ] 39 ngh ] . bkhj]jk ] 58 ngh ] . 118

cWg]gpdh]fisf] bfhz]l rl]lkd]wj]jpy] 60 cWg]gpdh]fspd]

JizapUe;jhy] Ml]rpapy] ePof]fyhk] vd]W fzf]fpl ]L/

nkYk] ,uz]L ngh ] ntz]Lnk. 12 egh ]fisf] bfhz]l

jp.j.eh.fh';fpurpypUe]J Mir fhl]o ,Utiu ,Gj]Jtpl]lhy]

jhd] Ml]rpapy] ePof]fyhk] vd]gJ mtuJ ,Wjpf; fzf]F.

Mirf]F mogzpfpd]wth]fs] jp.j.eh fh';fpurpy] cz]L vd]w

vz]zk] [ mtuplk ] vGe]jJ. jtput[k ] r py jp .j.eh.fh.

113 C[kúRôhPm

cWg]gpdh ]fis epue ]jukhf rl ]lrigf]F tutplhky]

jLg]gjw]Fk] jpl ]lk] itj]jpUe]jhh ] . mJnt MW ngh]kPJ

bjhlug]gl]l uh$Jnuhf Fw]wr]rhl]L nfRfs] ] . mjw]fhf

rpyUf]F ,iu itj]jhh]. fk]a{dp!]LfSf]F g[d]dg]g[uh –tayhh] Ma[s] fhy ifjpfs] tpLjiy vd]w ,iuiaa[k]

itj]jhh] gl]lk].

,j]jUzj]jpy ] fh';fpu!] tl ]lhuKk] j';fsJ

fzf]Ff] Tl]liya[k] bjhl';fpdJ. gp .v!].gp . muRf]F

fh';fpu!] gpd] Jiz ey]fpajhy] jhnd bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy]

gl]lk] jhqgps]is cUthf]fpa uj]jf] fsupf]fhd jhh]kPfg]

bghWg]ig jh';fs] Jilf]f ntz]o te]jJ. vdnt gp.v!].gp.

muRf]F mspf]fg]gl]L tUfpd]w Mjuit clnd jpUk]gg]

bgw]Wf]bfhz]L j';fsJ jiyikapy] fh';fpu!] Ml]rpia

epWtntz]Lk] vd]W mth]fSk] jpl]lk] jPl]odh]. m';nfa[k]

fzf]Ff] Tl]ly] ele]jJ. fh';fpu!] cWg]gpdh ]fs] 46.

jp.j.eh.fh cWg]gpdh]fs] 12. ,j]Jlnd 2 Rnal]irapdiua[k]

,Gj]Jtpl]lhy] bkhj]jk] 60. Mf Ml]rpiag] gpoj]J tplyhk].

jp.j.eh.fhtpdiu gpog]gjw]fhd xU mlt[ mth]fsplj]jpy]

cz]L. mJjhd] jdp khepy me]j!]J fkpl]o tptfhuk]. mij

bfhLj]Jtpl]lhy] epr]rakhf ek]ik mth]fs] Mjupg]ghh]fs].

Mdhy] jpl ]l';fs] epiwntw ntz]Lnk> vt]thW

epiwntw]wyhk] vd]W nahrpj]jdh].

,t]tpU fl]rpfSk] elj]Jfpd]w fzf]Ffshy] muR

tl]lhu';fspy] xU ke]j epiy cUthapw ]W. bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy ] jhtskoj]J/ ehlhh ] kf ]fis kl]Lk]

euntl]ilahof] bfhz]oUf]fpd]w kiyahsp nghyP!]

gilapdUk] fzf]Ff] Tl]lj] bjhl';fptpl]ldh]. mth]fsJ

gzp ePof]f ntz]Lnk. xUfhy] gl]lj]jpd] kh"]rh mWe]J

tpl]lhy] nghyPrhupd] fjp vd]d> rl]lk] mth]fs] kPJ jpUk]gpg]

114 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

gha]e]J tpLnkh vd]w mr]rk] m';nf cUthapw]W. ,jdhy]

mth]fsJ bfhLikr] bray]fspy] rw]W jsh]t[ cz]lhapw]W.

48. nerkzpapd] mwpf]if48. nerkzpapd] mwpf]if48. nerkzpapd] mwpf]if48. nerkzpapd] mwpf]if48. nerkzpapd] mwpf]if :

fhty]Jiwapd] tPl ]L Kw]Wifahy] milgl]L

Kl';fpf] fple]j jpU. nerkzp xU khh]#ypd] be";Ruj]njhL

xU g [Jikahd mwpf ]ifia btspapl ]lhh ] . mJ vd]d

g[Jikahd mwpf]if>”.

“fhty] Jiwapdh] kw]Wk] kiyahs Fz]lh]fshy]

,iHf]fg ]gl ]l kh ]k mofis th';fpf ] bfhz]L

nghyP!] yhf]fg]fspy] gij gijj]J fplf]Fk] gy

bjhz]lh]fs] epiyikiaj] jpwika[k]/ neh]ika[k]

bfhz]l kUj]Jt epg[zh]fisf] bfhz]L gupnrhjpj]J

mth]fSf]F cw]w rpfpl ]ira[k ] / rk ]ge ]jg ]gl ]l

mjpfhupfSf]F jf]f jz]lida[k] tH';f ntz]Lk]”vd]w mwpf]ifia btspapl]lhh].

xU kUj]Jt fkp#id mikj]J ghjpf]fg]gl]lth]fSf]Fr]

rpwg]g[r] rpfpl]ira[k]/ rk]ge]jg]gl]l nghyP!] mjpfhupfs] kPJ

cfe]j rl]l eltof]ifa[k] ntz]Lk] vd]w nfhupf]ifahy]

jpUtde]jg[uj]jpy] nghyP!] mjpfhupfs] tl]lhuj]jpy] bgUk]

ryryg]g [k ] / g Pjpa [k ] cUthapw ]W. ,jdhYk] mth ]fsJ

fhl]Ljh ]ghhpy ] bjha]t [ Vw ]gl ]lJ. ,e]j mwpf ]ifiag]

goj]Jtpl]L jpUtde]jg[uj]jpypUe]J btspte]J bfhz]oUe]j

“jpUtde]jg [uk ] byl]lh ]!]” vd]w M';fpy gj ]jpu pif

jiya']fk] xd;iwj; jPl]oaJ.

“… kpfg ] ga';fukhd R{H ]epiy xd]W bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] cUthfpf] bfhz]oUg]gjhf mth]

eLf]fk] bfhz]lhh]…. Mf!]L 11 Kjy] ele]j nghyP!]

jhf]Fjy]fis t";rk] jPh ]j]Jf] bfhs]s xU bgupa

115 C[kúRôhPm

td]Kiwj] jpl ]lk ] jahupf ]fg ]gl ]oUg ]gjhft[k ] /

mjw]fhf bgUk] gzk] jpUtpjh';TUf]F btspna

jpul]lg]gl]L m';nfna xU t';fpapy] itg]g[ epjpahff]

fl]lg ]gl ]oUg]gjhft[k ] / tFf]fg ]gl ]oUf]Fk] jpl ]l

eltof]iff]Fupa brd]id khepyj]J nghh ]

guk ]giuapdiuj] jpul ]Ltjhft[k ] …..” bra]jp

btspahapw ]W. (mg ]Jy] urhf ] (mg ]Jy] urhf ] (mg ]Jy] urhf ] (mg ]Jy] urhf ] (mg ]Jy] urhf ] – nerkzp xU nerkzp xU nerkzp xU nerkzp xU nerkzp xU

rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] rupj]jpuj] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] 268 & 269)))))

Kd]g [ TwpaJ nghd]W kiyahspfSf]F/ Fwpg ]ghf

ehah ] g pujhdpfSf]F Fkhunfhtpy ] EiHt[ nghuhl ]l

e p f H ] r ] r p f S k ] / m i j j ] b j h l h ] e ] J , ' ; n f e h l h h ]

k f ] f S f ] F c j t [ t j w ] f h f g h z ] o e h l ] o y p U e ] J

Ma[jnke ]j pa ehlhh ] gilfs ] te ]jija [k ] e pidtpy ]

v L j ] J f ] b f h z ] L , e ] j “ j p U t d e ] j g [ u k ] b y l ] l h ] ! ] ”jiya';fk] vGjpapUf]fyhk] .

MdhYk] cs]~hpy] rpy epfH]r]rpfis fz]L/ Tl]of]

Fiwj ]J fzf]F Tl ]odh ] kiyahspfs ] . khh ]#y ]

nerkzpa[ld] ,ut[k] gfYk]/ mth] nghf]fpYk] tuj]jpYk]

ghJfhtyh ]fshf r py mwpag ]glhj egh ]fs ] ,Ue ]jdh ] .

mth ]fis vtUk ] jw ]bghGJ "hgfk ] itj ]Jf ]

bfhs]stpy]iy. mth]fspy] Kf]fpakhdth] jpU.nerkzpapd]

fhh] Xl]oahfg] gzpahw]wpa jpU.bry]iya]ad] Mthh]. mth]

fhh] Xl]oahf ,Ue]jhYk] Jg]ghf]fprfpjk] jhd] tz]oia

Xl]or] bry]thh]. mLj]jth] md]dhuJ jk]gp tpGkd] vd]w

j';ifa]ah. gpw]fhyj]jpy] <r]rd]fhL gFjpapy] Fonawpdhh].

\d]whkth] fUg]ghap vd]w fUkd]. jf]fiy kzypiar]

rhh ]e ]jth ] . mLj]jth ] Tisad] vd;w ,uhra;ad;. ,th ]

g[ypg]gdj]ijr] rhh]e]jth]. mLj]jth] jpU.tpf]lUk]/ jpU.rilad]

vd ]gtUk ] Mth ] . ,th ]fs ] ,UtUk ] gs ]spahoiar ]

116 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

rhh ]e ]jth ]fs ] . ,e ]j MW ngUk ] jiytUld] fhu pd ]

gof ]fl ]Lfspy ] e pd ]W v' ;F brd ]whYk ] mtUf ]Fg ]

ghJfhtyhfr; bry]tJ tHf]fk]. ,th]fis mwpahjth]fs]/

kiyahspfs ] cl ]gl/ vtUk ] md]W ,Uf ]f KoahJ.

,izg]g[f]F tpnuhjkhf md]W bray]gl]Lf] bfhz]oUe]j

ehah] gpujhdpfisa[k]/ nghyP!] mjpfhupfisa[k] t";rk]

j P h ] g ] gjw ]fhf j pU.nerkzpapd ] mDkjpia ,th ]fs ]

nfhu pdh ] . Mdhy] mth ]fSf]F mDkjp bfhLf ]fhky ] /

bghWikahf ,Ug]gjw]F mwpt[iu tH';fpdhh] . Mdhy]

ehah] tl]lhu';fspy]/ j';fisf] Tz]nlhL mHpg]gjw]fhf

xU bgUk] g[ul]rpf] Tl]lk] cUthfp tUfpwJ vd]W mwpe]J

mr]rkile]jdh]. vdnt gy ehah] jwthLfs] FLk]grfpjk]

Fo bgah]e]J jpUtde]jg[uk]/ bfhy]yk]/ bea]ahw]wpd]fiu

nghd]w Ch]fSf]Fr] brd]W xJ';fpf] bfhz]ldh]. md]W

jpU. nerkzp kl]Lk] rw]W fz] rpkpl]oapUe]jhnuahdhy]

Fkh p khtl]lj]jpy] ,d]W xU ehah] FLk]gk] Tl

kp";rpapUf;fhJ. mijj] jLj]jth ] jpU. nerkzp Mthh ]

vd]W gy ehah] jwthl]Lf]fhuh]fs] md]W czh;e;jpUe]jdh].

,e]j epfH]r]rpfshYk]/ kiyahspfs] mr]rKw]wdh].

mj]jifa Xh ] vjph ] g [ul ]r p cUthfpf ] bfhz]oUe]jJ

cz]ikna. Mdhy] ghuhSkd]wj]jpy]/ khepy g[duikg]g[

FGkj]jpd] mwpf ]if kPJ tpthjk] ele ]j ntisapy] /

rpWghd]ikahd kiyahspfSf]F ghJfhg ]g [ mspf ]Fk]

Kfkhf/ “bkhHp tHp rpWghd]ik me]j!]J” mspf]f ntz]Lk]

vd]W thjho/ mij mth]fSf]F th';fpf] bfhLj]jhh]. me]j

me]j!]jhy]jhd] ,d]W kiyahspfs] Fkup khtl]lj]jpy] gy

rpWghd]ik fy]tp epiya';fis bjhl';fp elj]Jfpwhh]fs].

Fynrfuk] \fhk]gpif kUj]Jtf] fy]Y}upa[k] ,e]j rYifahy]

fpilj]jjhFk]. ,d]iwa ,isa jiyKiwapdUf]F ,J

117 C[kúRôhPm

bjupe]jpUf]f epahakpy]iy. Vbddpy] ,J Fwpj]J/,jw]F

Kd]g[ ehk] mth]fSf]F brhy]ytpy]iy vd]gnj.

49. gp. v!;. gp. jiyik49. gp. v!;. gp. jiyik49. gp. v!;. gp. jiyik49. gp. v!;. gp. jiyik49. gp. v!;. gp. jiyik :

gjtpia jf]f itj]Jf] bfhs]tjpy] gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isa[k]/ Ml]rpia ifkhw]wp bfhs]tjpy] fh';fpuRk]

Kk]Kukhf bray]gl]Lf] bfhz]oUe;j ntisapy]/ bly]ypapy]

gp .v!].gp . nkyplj]jpy] gy jpOh ] jpUg]g';fs] cUthapd.

jpU – bfhr ]r papy ] g p .v!].g p . muir/ mjhtJ gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isapd] muir gjtpapwf]fk] bra]tjpy]/ mjd]

bghJr] brayhsh] jpU.nyhfpah cWjpahf ,Ue]jhh]. fl]rpj]

jiyth] jpU.fpUgyhdpiaa[k ] mth ] tw ]g [Wj ]jpdhh ] .

jpU –bfhr]rpapy] gp.v!].gp. muR gjtp tpyftpy]iybadpy]/

jhd] gjtpapy] ,Ue]J tpyfg] nghtjhft[k] mwptpj]Jtpl]lhh].

,jdhYk] gl ]lk ] jhqgps]is krpahjijf] fz]l

jpU. nyhfpah/ mwptpj]jgo 1954 brg]lk]gh] 15-k] ehs] jdJ

bghJr] brayhsh] gjtpia uh$pdhkh bra]jhh]. jtput[k]

gp.v!].gp. muR bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] elj]jpa Jg]ghf]fpr ]

R{L kdpjneakpy]yhj bfhiyghjfk] vd]Wk] th]zpj]jhh].

,tuJ uh$pdhkhit Vw]Wf]bfhz]l gp .v!].gp jiyik/

cah]e Pjpkd]w ePjpgjpfisf] bfhz]L ePjp tprhuiz

elj]Jk]go gl]lk] muRf]F Mizapl]lJ. ,jidj] bjhlh]e]J

jpU – bfhr]rp cah]ePjpkd]w ePjpgjp nf.r';fuid Xu; cWg]gpdh]

tprhuizf] fkp#dhf muR epakpj]jJ. ,e]j ePjpgjpiana

jpUtpjh';Th] Kd]dhs] jpthd] rh].rp.gp. uhkRthkpIah] gy

ntisfspy] tprhuizf] fkp#dhf epakpj]J/ muRf]Fr;

rhjfkhd mwpf]iffisg;bgWtJ ,tuJ tHf]fk]. bghJthff;

fkp#d]fs] muRf]Fr; rhjfkhfnt mwpf]iffs] jUtJ ,tuJ

tHf;fk;. vdnt ,e]j fkp#id epuhfupf]Fk]go jpU.nerkzp

mwpf]if tpl]lhh].

118 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

50. ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs] 50. ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs] 50. ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs] 50. ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs] 50. ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs] :

fhtypy] itf]fg]gl]oUe]j rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs]/

g";rhaj]Jj; jiyth]fs]/ efuhl]rpj] jiyth]fs]/ tHf]fwp"h]fs]/

Mrpupah]fs]/ khzth]fs] kw]Wk] gyjug]gl]lth]fs] rhh]gpy] fPH]

e Pjpkd]w';fspy] $hkPd] nfl ]L tHf]Ffs] jhf ]fy]

bra]ag]gl]Lk]/ mitfs] midj]Jk] epuhfupf]fg]gl]Ltpl]ld.

mitfis vjph]j]J ehfh]nfhtpy] $py]yh ePjpkd]wj]jpy] nky]

KiwaPL bra]ag ]gl ]lJ. md]W $py]yh ePjpkd]wj ]jpy ]

ePjpgjpahf jpUkjp. md]dhr]rhz]o mk]ikahh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].

,th] ePjpbewp jtwhjth] vd]w g[fGf;Fg; ghj]jpukhdth].

,th] Kd]g[ nky]KiwaPl]L $hkPd] kDf]fs] tprhuizf]F

te]jd. kDjhuh]fs] rhh]ghf brd]idg] g[fH] tHf]fwp"h]

jpU.gh#pak]Ia';fhh] M$uhfp thjhodhh]. ,th]fSf]fhf

,th] e Pjpkd]w';fspy] ,ytrkhf thjpLthh ] vd]W

thf]fspj]jpUe]jij Kd]nd TwpapUf]fpnwhk]. ,tiuj]

bjhlh ]e ]J ijf;fhL Rg ]g pukzpa IaUk] thjhodhh ] .

jpU.gh#pak] Ia';fhh] kw]Wk] ijf]fhl]L Rg]gpukzpa Iaupd]

,o KHf]f thj';fis urpj]Jf] nfl]L bfhz]oUe]j ePjpgjp

mk]kh/ midj]J $hkPd] kDf]fisa[k] js]Sgo bra]jhh].

Mdhy] khzth]fSf]F kl]Lk] $hkPd] tH';fpdhh].

gd ]dpuz]L rl ]lkd]w cWg ]g pdh ]fisf] bfhz]l

jp.j.eh.fh';fpurpy] ,Uth] njtpFsk] – gPh]nkL bjhFjpfisr]

rhh ]e ]jth ]fs] Mth] . mth]fs] kPJ ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffs]

,y]iy. jpU. rpjk]guehjd] ehlhh ] kPJ tHf]F cz]L.

Mdhy] mtiuf] ifJ bra]ahky] btspapy] tpl]oUe]jdh].

Vbddpy] mth] gf]fthj nehahy; jhf]fg]gl]L ehfh]nfhtpy]

lhf ]lh ] . kj ]j pah!] kUj ]Jtkidapy ] r pf pl ]ir bgw ]W

te]jhh]. kPjp xd]gJ rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fspy] VG ngh] ifJ

bra ]ag ]gl ]L / fhtypy ] itf ]fg ]gl ]oUe ]jdh ] . mth ]fs ]

119 C[kúRôhPm

Kiwna v.F";rd]ehlhh]/ g.jhqyp';fehlhh]/ vk].tpy]ypak]/

vd].v.E}h;KfkJ/ o.o.lhdpay]/ v.vk].irkd] kw]Wk] o.mde]juhkd]

Mth]. kw]w ,Utupy] xUth] gp.,uhkRthkpgps]is/ kw]wth]

Mh ] .bghd]dg ]gehlhh ] . ,t]tpUth ]fs] k PJk ] g pothuz]L

gpwg]gpf ]fg]gl]oUe]jJ. Mdhy] mth]fs] ifJ bra]ag]gl

tpy]iy. Vbdd]why] mth]fs] nerkzpapd] ghJfhtypy]

jkpH]ehl]oy] xspj]J itf]fg]gl]oUe]jdh]. njrj] Jnuhff]

Fw]wr]rhl]L mth]fs] kPJ gjpthfpapUe]jJ.

fPH] nfhh]l]L jPh]g]g[fSf]F vjpuhf cah]ePjpkd]wj]jpy]

nky]KiwaPL kDf]fs] jhf]fy] bra]ag]gl]ld. cah]ePjp

kd]wj]jpd] epiya[k] vd]dbtd]W ghh]j]Jtpl ntz]Lk] vd]gJ

kf]fspd] Mh]tk]. mjd]go FoauR rl]lk] 226 -k ] tFg]g [

mog]gilapy] 13 kDf]fs] cah]ePjpkd]wj]jpy] jhf]fy]

bra]ag]gl]ld. kDjhuh]fs] rhh]gpy] ijf]fhL Rg]gpukzp Iah]

thjpl]lhh]. Rje]jpukhf ,Uf]f ntz]oath]fs] mog]gil

cupikf]F vjpuhf rpiwapy] milj]J itf]fg]gl]oUf]fpwhh]fs]

vd]Wk]/ mth]fis ePjpkd]wk] tpLtpj]J tpLjiyf] fl]lis

(Writ of Habeas Corpus) gpwg]gpf]f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] tHf]fwp"h]

ijf]fhL Rg]gpukzpa Iah] thjj]ij ,uz]L ehs]

bjhlh]e]jhh]. ,ij vjpu]j]J muR jug]g[ tf]fPy] n$hrg] \upf]fd]

thjhodhh]. ,UtuJ thj';fisa[k] cd]dpg]ghf nfl]l ePjpgjp

md]nw (08.09.1954) jPh]g]g[f] Twhky] 20-k] njjpf]Fj] js]sp

itj]jhh]. vy]nyhUk] vjph]ghh]j]jJ nghd]W 13 kDf]fSk]

js]Sgo bra]ag]gl]ld. ifjpfs] mtuth] rpiwr]rhiyfSf]F

jpUg]gp mDg]gg]gl]ldh].

vdnt/ j pU.bfhr ]r pa py ] f PH ]e piyePj pkd ]wkhd

k$p! ]onul ] nfhh ]l ]L Kjy ] cah ]e Pj pkd ]wk ] tiu

,th]fSf]F mePjp ,iHf]fg]gl]lJ. ,jdhy] ifjpfspd]

cw ]whh ] cwtpdh ]fs] fyf]fk ] mile]jdh ] . mth ]fsJ

120 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kdf]fpnyrj]ijj; jiyth ] nerkzpaplk ] Kiwapl ]Lg ]

g [yk ]g pdh ] . ,jdhy ] khh ]#y ] nerkzp kdj ] Jauk ]

mile]jhh].

51. murpd] J}z]oy]g] bghwp 51. murpd] J}z]oy]g] bghwp 51. murpd] J}z]oy]g] bghwp 51. murpd] J}z]oy]g] bghwp 51. murpd] J}z]oy]g] bghwp :

e Pj pgj p r' ;fud ] jiyikapy ] e pak pf ]fg ] gl ]l

tprhuizf] fkp#d] muRf]F Mjuthf jPh ]g ]g [ tH';Fk;

vd ]w KG ek ]g pf ]ifapy ] / j pUtpjh' ;Th ] jk pH ]ehL

fh';fpurhupilna xU gpuptpidia cUthf]Ftjw]fhd

jpl ]lj ]ij muR tFj]jJ. ,e]j tifapy] fpy ]yhoahd

mikr]rh] gp.nf. F";Rtplk] mg]bghWg]g[ tplg]gl]lJ. $hkPd]

kWf ]fg ] gl ]L r piwfspy ] thoath ]fspy ]

Kf]fpakhdth]fspd] cwtpdh]fis ,th] mqfp muRlnd

xU rkurj ]ij Vw ]gLj ]j pf ] bfhs]tjw ]fhd Kaw]r papy ]

cldoahf ,w';fpdhh].

jpU.bfhr]rp cah]ePjpkd]wk] rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSf]nf

$hkPd] tH';fhj epiyapy]/ tHf]fwp"h]fs]/ g";rhaj]Jj;

jiyth ]fs ] / efh ]kd ]wj ] jiyth ]fs ] kw ]Wk ] rhjhuz

kf]fSf]F $hkPd ] f pilf ]Fkh> cah ]e Pj pkd]wj ]njhL

,e]j rl ]l u Pjpahd nky]KiwaPLfs] Kotile]JtpLk] .

mjdhy] fhtypy ] ,Ug ]gth ]fspd] epyik vd]dthFk]>

tHf]F Koa[k] tiu mth]fs] rpiwapy]jhd] thl ntz]Lk].

Mdhy ] muR e pidj ]jhy ] r py kzp neuj ]j py ]

,th ]fisbay]yhk ] tpLjiy bra]a Koa[k ] . mjw ]fhf

mth]fs] midtUk] kd]dpg ]g [f ] nfl]L/ murplk] rkurk]

bra ]a ntz]Lk ] vd]gJjhd] mikr ]rh ] g p .nf.F";Rtpd ]

J}z]oy] ,iuahf ,Ue]jJ. ,tUld] “nfus bfsKjp”vd]w kiyahs ehspjHpd] Mrphpah] jpU. RFkhud] ehaUk]

Jiz epd]whh].

121 C[kúRôhPm

Kjyhtjhf jf]fiyapy] gpugy epyr]Rthd]jhuuhd

jpU.N.S.rhFy] mkPJf]F (N.S. Kjyhsp) J}z]oy] nghl]lhh].

tprhuizf] ifjpahf rpiwapy] ,Uf]fpd]w rl ]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh] jpU.E}h]Kfkjpd] khkdhh] Mthh] ,th]. jtput[k]

jpUbey]ntypapy] jiykiwthf ,Ue;j efh]kd]wj] jiyth]

jpU.iedhKfkjpd] je]ija[khthh]. ,th] gp.nf.F";Rtpd]

cwtpdUk] Tl tHf]fwp"h] gf]UjPd] Mjk; jpU.nerkzpapd]

,sepiyahsUk] Mthh]. ,e]j Mjk]jhd] jpU.nerkzpapd]

tHpfhl ]lypy] fhty]epiya';fs] kw ]Wk] k$p!]onul ]

e Pjpkd]w';fs] nghd]wtw]wpy ] ifjhdth]fs] rhh ]g py ]

m';bfy]yhk] brd]W tHf]Fj] bjhlh ]g [ itj]jpUe]jhh ] .

mikr]rh] gp.nf.F";Rtpd] ,e]j Kaw;rpf;Fg; gpwF rpiwapy]

,Ue]jth]fSf]Fr; rpy rYiffs] fpilj]jd. cghijfSk]

rw;Wf; Fiwe]jd.

mikr]rh] jpU.gp.nf.F";R ,Ryhkpah] tl]lhuj]jpy] jdJ

bry]thf]if gad]gLj]jp/ rkurj]jpw]F Kaw]rp vLj]J te]j

ntisapy] / nfus bfsKjp RFkhud] ehah ] ,uzpay]

_jud]gps]is \ykhf gp.uhkrhkpgps]isf]Fk] beUf]Fjy]

bfhLj]jhh ] . mLj]jjhf rpy bgz]fs] tl]lhuk] \ykhf

jpU.nerkzpapd] kidtpf]Fk] beUf]Fjy] brd]wJ. ,jpy]

mikr]rh] kidtpa[k]/ gf]UjPd] kidtpa[k] nrh]e]J nerkzpapd]

kidtpf ]F beUf]Fjy] je ]jdh ] . ,t]tHpfs] \ykhf

jpU.nerkzpia murplk] ruzilar] bra]tjw]F gfPuj

Kaw]rpfs] ele]jd.

52. jp.j.eh.fh-it cilf;f Kaw]rp 52. jp.j.eh.fh-it cilf;f Kaw]rp 52. jp.j.eh.fh-it cilf;f Kaw]rp 52. jp.j.eh.fh-it cilf;f Kaw]rp 52. jp.j.eh.fh-it cilf;f Kaw]rp :

jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL fh';fpurpy ] / md]W gy

cl;g{ry]fs] epiwe]jpUe]j epiyapy]/ mij cilg]gjw]Fk]/

rhjp/ kj/ ,d thupahfg] gpsit cUthf]fptplt[k] mLj]j

122 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

tpa{fk] mikf]fg]gl]lJ. F";rd] ehlhh] nfh#]o/ vk].irkd]

nfh#]o/ g.jhqyp';fk ] ehlhh ] nfh#]o vd]W \d]W

nfh#]ofs] ,ufrpakhf ,a';fp te ]jd. jpU.nerkzp/

jpU.v.urhf] kw]Wk] jpU. rpjk]guehjd] nghd]w Kd]dzpj]

jiyth]fs] kj]jpa rpiwapy] ,Ue]j ntisapy] ,e]j cl]g{ry]

nfh#]ofs] cUbtLj]jd. jpU.nerkzp btspapy] te]Jtpl]l

epiyapy] ,e]j nfh#]og] g{ry]fs] k';fpg] nghapw]W vd]whYk]

re]jh ]g ]gk] fpilj]jnghbjy]yhk] M';fh';nf jiyfhl]lj]

jtwtpy]iy. fl]rpia vt]thnwDk] cilj]Jtpl]lhy]/ mjpy]

njWfpd]w rl ]lkd]w cWg]gpdh ]fis If]fpa Kd]dzp

gad]gLj]jp Ml]rpiaj] jf ]f itj]Jf] bfhs]tJ vd]w

jpl]lKk] muR tFj]jpUe]jJ. ,jd] Kjw]fl]lkhf ehlhh]fs]/

kw ]wth ]fs] vd]W mij ,UTWfshf]fptpl ]L/ gpwF

ehlhh ]fspy] ,e ]Jf]fs] – fpwp!]jth ]fs] vd]W kPz]Lk]

TWnghl ]Ltpl ntz]Lk] vd]w nfhzj]jpYk] mikr]rh ]

g p .nf.F";Rt[k ] / gj ]jpu pifahsh] jpU.RFkhud] ehaUk]

bray]glj] bjhl';fpdh ] . Mdhy] mth ]fs] Kaw]rp KG

btw]wpailatpy]iy. fhuzk] khh]#y] nerkzpapd] mgupkpj

bry]thf ]F. kf ]fs] midtUk] ,th ] g pd ]dhy] vijr]

bra]tjw]Fk] jahuhff] fhj]Jf] fple]jdh]. rhjp kj ,d

ntw]Wik m';nf njhd]Wtjw]F mr]rg ]gl ]lJ. mjdhy]

mikr]rupd] ‘ghr]rh’ gypf]ftpy]iy.

53. nerkzpf]F y";rk] 53. nerkzpf]F y";rk] 53. nerkzpf]F y";rk] 53. nerkzpf]F y";rk] 53. nerkzpf]F y";rk] :

md]Wk] rup/ ,d]Wk] rup/ murpay] elj]Jtjw]F gzk]

Kf]fpa cl]TwhFk]. nerkzpf]F gzKil cz]L. mtuJ

bjhHpy] tUkhdk]/ kfspd] jpUkzj]jpw ]fhf nrkpj ]J

iff]fg ]gl ]oUe]j gzKk] fl]rpf ]fhf fiue]J nghapw ]W.

nkYk] gzj]Jf]F jdJ brhj]Jf]fis tpw ]gjw]Ff] Tl

Vw]ghL bra]jhh ] . Mdhy] md]dhuJ g{h ]tPf brhj]Jf]fs]

123 C[kúRôhPm

gpupf]fg]glhjjhy] mij th';Ftjw]F ahUk] Kd] tutpy]iy.

rpwpJ fhyk] lhf]lh]. kj]jpah!] cjtpfisf] bra]J te]jhh].

mJt[k] epd]W nghapw]W. vdnt gzKil mtiu btFthf

thl]oaJ.

mth] rpiwapy] ,Ue]jnghJ/ mtUila mgpkhdpfs]

rh ]thjpfhupfsplk] jhuhskhf epjp tH';fpa [s ]sdh] .

jkpHfj]jpy] gzk] gpupj]jth]fSk] cz]L. mt]thW fpilj]j

gzk] gyh] iff]Fg] ngha] tpl]ljhf jpU.gp.,.uhkrhkpg]gps]is

Twpdhh]. ,tUf]Fg] gpwF rh]thjpfhupahf ,Ue]j jpU.F";rd]

ehlhUk] mt]thnw brhd]dhh]. gyh] iff]Fg] ngha]tpl]lJ

vd]W brhd]d ,uhkrhkpg ]g ps ]isf]F me]j gyupy ]

tp.nf.uh$hgps]isiaa[k]/ jpU.$p.fpwp!]nlhgiua[k] kl]Lnk

Fwpg ]g pl Koe]jJ. bjd]jpUtpjh';TUf]F btspna

jkpHfj]jpy] gzk] gpupj]jth]fSk] gzj]ij vtuplj]jpYk]

bfhLf]ftpy]iy. jpU.$p.fpwp!]nlhguplk] tprupj ]jnghJ/

ed]bfhilahf gyh] fzprkhf gzk] je]jjhft[k]/ mitfis

mt]tg]nghJ bghUshsh] jpU.tp.nf.uh$hgps]isaplk] jhd]

bfhLj]jjhft[k] Twpdhh]. ,ij rupghh]j]J cWjpg]gLj]Jtjw]fhf

bghUshsh] jpU. tp. nf. uh$hgps]isia tprhupg]gjw]fhf

miHj]Js]sdh]. Mdhy] mth] tprhuizf]fhf tuntapy]iy.

fzf]F nfl]lhy] frg]g [jhd] kp";Rk]. ,t]thW jp.j.eh.fh-

epjpf ]fhf fpilj]j gzk] KGtJk] jpU.uh$hgps]is

iftHpahf brd]idapy] cUz]nlhoaJ. rpy Tl]lhspfnshL

nrh ]e ]J brd]idapy] “utpre ]jpu pfh” vd]w xU glj]

jahupg]g[f]fhf bryt[ bra]ag]gl]lJ jpU.vy].v!].fiuahsupd]

ftdj]jpw]F te]jJ. mtUf]Fj] bjupe]jjhy] jpU.nerkzpf]Fk]

bjupe ]Jtpl]lJ. mst[f]F kp";rpa gzk] gpupe ;j gpwFk]/

nerkzpf]F ,g]bghGJ gzg]g";rk] cUthapw]W. Mdhy]

bts]shk]gps]is tp.nf.uh$hgps]is Rjhupj]Jf] bfhz]lhh].

mth ] r pdpkhf ]fhuh ]fSld] cy]yhrkhf ifnfhh ]j ]J

124 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

cg]gupf]if thH]f]if mikj]Jf] bfhz]lhh]. fpilj]jtd]

vLj]Jf] bfhz]lhd]; tisj]jtd] gpiHj]Jf] bfhz]lhd]”vd]w fijahfptpl]lJ.

54. nerkzpiaf] Fiwj]Jf; Twy; 54. nerkzpiaf] Fiwj]Jf; Twy; 54. nerkzpiaf] Fiwj]Jf; Twy; 54. nerkzpiaf] Fiwj]Jf; Twy; 54. nerkzpiaf] Fiwj]Jf; Twy; :

jpU. nerkzp ifapy] fhrpy]yhky] btWikahf epd]w

ntisapy; mtuJ ,dpa njhHh ]fSk]/ ez]gh ]fSk]/

mgpkhdpfSk] fhtypy] itf]fg]gl]oUe]jdh]. bjhz]lh]fs]

midtUk] njrhe]juk] ngha]tpl ]ldh] . jp.jh.eh.fh-tpd]

Kd]dhs] jiyth] jpU.ej ]jhdpnaYk]/ blg ]g {l ]o yPlh ]

jpU.rptuhkgps]isa[k] khw]Wj] njhHh] mzpf]Fj] jhtp ifapy]

ths] Ve]jp jpU.nerkzpia tPH]j]Jtjw]Ff] f';fzk] fl]o

fsj]jpy] Fjpj]Jtpl]ldh]. jpUtpjh';Th]-bfhr]rp ,izg]g[f]F

vjpuhft[k]/ jpU.nerkzpapd] MnyhridfSf]F vjpuhft[k]

nghh]f]bfho Ve]jpa mnj ej]jhdpnay]/ jdf]Fg] gjpyhf epd]W

bray]gLk]go jpU.nerkzpia nfl]Lf ] bfhz]l mnj

ej]jhdpnay]/ ,g]nghJ jpU.nerkzp jkpH] kf]fis t";rpj]J

tpl]lhh] vd]W khw]whd] Tlhuj]J thila[ld] jpU.nerkzpia

Fw]wk] rhl]l Muk]gpj]Jtpl]lhh]. njitaw]w/ mdhtrpakhd/

mf]fpukkhd xU nghuhl]lj]jpw ]F kf]fis jpU.nerkzp

,Gj]Jj] js]sptpl]lhh] vd]w mghz]lj]ija[k] eht[Trhky]

mwpf]ifahf btspapl]lhh]. ,jdhy] kf]fs] jpU.nerkzpia

btWj]J xJf]fptpLth] vd]gJ gl]lk] jug]gpdupd] vjph]ghh]g]g[.

me]nehf]fk] epiwntwpl jpU. nerkzpapd] nky] rfjpia thup

,iwg]gjw]F xU ej]jhdpnaiy rhJupakhf gad]gLj]jpdh]

ehah ] jiyth]fs] . jd] tpuyhy] jd] fz]izf] Fj]jpf ]

bfLf]fpwhd] nky] ,dj]jhd] vd]w El]gj]ij mwptjw]F

ehfh ]nfhtpy] rhzhDf]F mwpt[ ntz]Lnk* jtput[k ] /

jpU.nerkzpia ek]gp nkhrk] nghf ntz]lhk] vd]Wk] /

fh';fpu!] nkyplj]Jf]Fk] mwpf ]if mDg]gptpl ]lhh ] .

125 C[kúRôhPm

,itfisf] nfs]tpg]gl]l khh]#Yk]/ bgUe]jiytUk] Tl

jpLf]fpl]Lg] nghdhh]fs] vd]whYk] mth] kPJ Mj]jpug]gltpy]iy.

Vbddpy] jpU.rhk] ej]jhdpnay] ,d]W gp.v!].gp tl]lhuj]jpy]

jkpHh]fspd] vjpupfsplk] rpf]fpf] bfhz]L gpjw]Wfpwhh] vd]gJ

midtUk] mwpe]j fijjhd].

,jdhy] ituhf]fpak] bfhz]l khh ]#y] Kjypy]

gp.v!].gp. murpd] rthiy Kwpaof]f Kot[ bra]jhh]. gp.v!;.gp.

fl]rpj ] jiyth] jpU. fpUgyhdp/ gl]lk] jhqgps]isia

jp.j.eh.fh-nthL rkurg ] ngr ]Rthh ]j ]ij bjhl';Fk]go

tw]g[Wj]jpdhh]. khwhf mth] xU ePjpf] fkp#d] mikj]jnjhL

epd]Wtpl]lhh]. Mdhy] jpU.nerkzp me]jf; fkp#id epuhfhpj]jhh].

,e]j fkp#dhy] jkpHh]fSf]F epahak] fpilf]fhJ vd]gJ

jpU.nerkzpf]F ed]whfj] bjupe]j tp#ak]]. vdnt mj]Jlnd

xj]JiHg]gJ fhy tpiuak] vd]gJ mtuJ Kot[. ,jdhy]/

jpU.nerkzpia clnd miHj]Jg ] ngRk]go gl ]lj ]ij

gp.v!].g p . fl ]r p bghJr] brayhsh] jpU.mnrhf]nkj]jh

typa [Wj]jpdhh ] . ,jw]F ,z';fp mth ] ngr ]Rthh ]j ]ij

bjhl';Ftjw]F Kw]gl]lhh]. Mdhy] jpU.nerkzpia neupy]

re]jpj]Jg] ngRtjw]F mth] Kd] tutpy]iy. jpU.jhqgps]is

Tr]rg]gl]lhh]. mtUf]F Fw]w czh]t[ nknyh';fp epd]wJ.

jpU.nerkzpf]Fg] gjpyhf jp.j.eh.fh. jiyth] jpU.g.uhkrhkp

gps]isiaahtJ miHj]Jg] ngrpapUf]fyhk]. mjw]Fk] mth]

Kd] tuhky] jdJ J}Jtuhf gp.nf.F";Rit mDg]gpdhh].

Mdhy] ,tUk] ,Utiua[k] ngr]Rthh]j]ijf]F miHf]ftpy]iy.

jpU. nerkzpaplk] neh]Kfg] ngr]Rf]F ,th]fs] jhf]Fg]gpof]f

KoahJ vd]gJ ,th]fSf]F ed]whfnt bjupa[k]. Mifahy]

kPz]Lk] F";R mth]fs] nfus bfsKjp jpU. RFkhud] ehaiu

,ilj]jufuhf mkh]j]jpf] bfhz]lhh]. Mf neupy] ngrp Kof]f

ntz]oa xU fhupaj]Jf]F vj]jid FWf]F tHpfs]> ,e]j

Kaw]rpfs] VJk] gad] bgwtpy]iy.

126 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,Ug]gpDk] jiyth] v.nerkzp ,uz]L jlit

jpUtde]jg[uk] fdff]Fd]W muz]kid brd]W mikr]rh ]

gp.nf.F";Rtplk] ngrpapUf]fpwhh]. ,e]j muz]kidjhd] uh$

gpuKfh] _ rpj ]jpiu jpUehspd] mjpfhug{h ]t ,Ug]gplk] .

ifjpfsplk] ngRtJ nghd]w mjpfhuj] njhuizapy] F";R

jpU.nerkzpaplk] ngrpapUf]fpwhh]. vdnt fhwp ckpH]e]J

Jg]gptpl]L nerkzp btspnawptpl]lhh]. MdhYk] \d]whtJ

Kaw]rpf]F jp.j.eh.f. jiyth] gp.uhkrhkpgps]is Kd]if

vLj]jhh].

,e]j ngr]Rthh ]j ]ijfs] kpft[k ] ufrpakhf ele]J

te]jd. ,j]jUzj]jpy] jpU.mg]Jy]urhf] bly]ypapy] gp.v!].gp.

jiyth]fis kPz]Lk] re]jpj]Jf] bfhz]oUe]jhh]. gp.v!].gp.

jiyth]fs] jhqgps]is muR gjtp tpyFtijna tpUk]gpdh].

,y]iynay] mth ] fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fspd] xU fUtpahf

bray]gl]L/ kPz]Lk] kf]fSf]F Jauj]ij cUthf]fptpLthh]

vd]W mth]fs] mgpg ]g puhag ]gl ]ldh ] . mth ]fspd] ,e ]j

epiyg]ghl]il jpU.urhf] jpU.nerkzpf]F mwptpj]jhh;.

55. nerkzpf]F kd]dhpd] md]gspg]g[ 55. nerkzpf]F kd]dhpd] md]gspg]g[ 55. nerkzpf]F kd]dhpd] md]gspg]g[ 55. nerkzpf]F kd]dhpd] md]gspg]g[ 55. nerkzpf]F kd]dhpd] md]gspg]g[ :

gzg]g";rj]jpw ]F gjpy] brhy]y ntz]oa bghWg]g [

jpU.nerkzpf]F te]Jtpl]lJ. mijr; rkhspf]f ntz]oa

bghWg]g[k] mtUf]F te]Jtpl]lJ. mtUila gzKilia

gf]fj]jpy] ,Ue]J mwpe]J bfhz]lth] nghy] jpUtpjh';Th]

Kd]dhs] kd]dUk]/ jw ]nghJ jpUtpjh';Th ] - bfhr ]r p

uh$gpuKfUkhd _rpj ]jpiu jpUehs] ghyuhkth ]khtpd]

J}Jth] xUth] ,tiu mqfp md]gspg]g[ (y";rk]) jUtjw]F

Kd] te]jhh ] . Mdhy] uh$gpuKfh ] jpU.nerkzpf]F Vd;

md]gspg ]g [j ] ju ntz]Lk]> ,tUf]Fk] mtUf]Fk] vd]d

rk]ge]jk]> rk]ge]jk] ,y]yhkyh ,jw]F mth] Jzpe]jhh]. bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] cs]s Kf]fpa nfhapy]fspYk]/ nfhl]il

127 C[kúRôhPm

bfhj ]js';fspYk] / muz]kidfspYk] mtuJ caupa

me]j!]Jk ] / mjpfhu' ;fSk] Kd]g pUe ]jJ nghynt

bjhlh ]e ]jd. Mfnt bjd]jpUtpjh' ;Tu ] ,y]yhj xU

nfusj]ij mtuhy] rPuzpj]Jf] bfhs]s ,aytpy]iy. vdnt

,e]jg ; g pu ptpidia vt]thnwDk] jtph ]f ]f ntz]oaJ

md]iwa fl ]lhakhfptpl ]lJ. mjw ]fhf mth ] vijr ]

bra]tjw]Fk] jahuhdhh]. jdJ caupa me]j!]ij tpl]Lf]

bfhLj ]J y";rk ] bfhLg ]gjw ]Fk ] Kd] te ]jhh ] .

jpU.nerkzpf]F fzprkhd xU bjhifiaf] md]gspg]g[ vd]w

nghh]itapy] bfhLj]J/ mtiu jd]trg]gLj]jp/ gpuptpidia

jtph]jJtpl ntz]Lk] vd]w Kot[f]F kd]dh] te]Jtpl]lhh].

mjw ]fhf vd]d tpiy bfhLf]ft[k ] mth ] Kd] te ]jhh ] .

mjw]fhf uh$g]gpuKfupd] Kd]dhs] CHpah]fs]/ mjpYk]

fpwp!]jth]fs] mDg]gg]gl]lhh]fs]. ,g]go mDg]gg] gl]lth]fs]

jpUk ]g pna ngha ]tpl ]lhh ]fs ] . ,ijj]jhd] xsitahh ]

“tWikapy] brk]ik” vd]W ghodhh]. mjw]Fr] rhd]whf

tps';fpdhh] khh]#y] v.nerkzp. mtUf]Fg] gzKiljhd].

MdhYk] neh]ikapy]yhj Kiwapy] gzj;ijj; jpul]Ltjw]F

mth] kWj]Jtpl]lhh]. uh$g]gpuKfupd] Ms] brhy]yj] ja';fpa

tp#aj]ij kfhuh$htpd] giHa tpRthr muR CHpah ]

,UtUk]/ xU cs]~h] gh';fUk] Jzpe]J neupy] brd]W

brd]dhh]fs]. xU Tl]L md]gspg]g[ nkhfpdpahl]lk] nghd]W

fth ]r ]r pahdJ. ,e ]ehs ] murpay]thjpfSld] ,tiu

xg]gpl ]Lg] ghh ]g ]gjhf ,Ug]gpd] jpU.nerkzp xU “Vkhsp”vd]nw Tw ntz]Lk]. brk]ikia xU g[wk] itj]Jf] bfhz]L/

kd]dupd ] md]gspg ]ig (50 yl ]rk ] ) bgw ]W bfhz]L

thH]f ]ifapy] / tp.nf.uh$hgps]isiag] nghd]W brl]oy]

MfpapUf ]fyhk ] . mt]thW bra ]jpUg ]ghnuahdhy] bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] md]nw (1954-y]) xU nfhO!]tuhf B.M.WbrhFR fhupy ] tyk] te ]J/ xU epyr ]Rthd]jhuuhf/ xU

128 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bjhHpy] mjpguhf/ xU v!]nll] Kjyhspahf/ kUj]Jtf;

fy]Y}up kw]Wk] bghwpapay] fy]Y}upfis epWtpf ; fy]tpj ]

je]ijahf/ bgUk] mg]fhupfhz]ouhf]luhf tps';fpapUf]fyhk].

g piHf ]fj ] bjupahj mrL Mf ,th ] ,Ue ]J tpl ]lhh ] .

me ;ehspy ; j' ;fj ]j pd ] tpiy (1954-y ] ) rtud] xd]Wf ]F

+.79 – mzh 3 – igrh 5 Mf ,Ue]jJ. mt]thwhapd] md]W

62/893 rtud] mjhtJ 62.89 lz] j' ;fk ] th' ;f p

itj]jpUf]fyhk]. mtuJ kfd] jpU.tpy]rd] mg]gy]nyh!]

bfhLj]J itf]ftpy]iy*.

Mdhy] mtnuh “tWikapYk] brk]ik”ahf

,Ue]Jtpl]lhh]. ,y]iybadpy] mtuJ ngaudhd jpU.u";rpj]

nerkzp ,d]W nfus KGtjpYk] eiff]filfshff; Ftpj]J

itj]jpUg]ghh]. 18 fhul] 20 fhul] vd tpw]W gy nfhofis

nkYk] nrh]j]jpUg]ghh]. "mjd] md]iwa kjpg]g[ +gha] Ik]gJ

yl]rk]. mtuJ mikjpahd fy]yiwiag] ghh]j]J ,g]nghJ

Fiuj]Jj] jpupa[k] ve]j eha[k] me]j md]gspg]g[g] bghjpapy]

nkhrk] nghapUf]Fk]. Mdhy] mth] nkhrk] nghftpy]iy.

te]jth]fs] btl]fpj]Jj] jpUk]gpdh]". (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk]

281 – 282)))))

56. fpUgyhdp tPl]L Kd]g[ jh]zh* 56. fpUgyhdp tPl]L Kd]g[ jh]zh* 56. fpUgyhdp tPl]L Kd]g[ jh]zh* 56. fpUgyhdp tPl]L Kd]g[ jh]zh* 56. fpUgyhdp tPl]L Kd]g[ jh]zh* :

1954 mf]nlhgh] 10-k] ehs] jpU. urhf] ehfh]nfhtpy] te]J

jpU.nerkzpiar; re]jpj]jhh]. jpU.nerkzp xU mjph]ntl]Lj;

jpl ]lj ]ijj] j Pl ]o itj]jpUe]jhh ] . lhf ]lh ] . nyhfpah

mgpg]gpuhag]go/ gp.v!].gp. muR gjtp tpyFtijj] jhd] mth]fs]

tpUk]g [tjhft[k ] / mjw]fhf gp .v!].g p . tl ]lhuj ]ij

tisj]Jg]gpof]f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] jdJ jpl]lj]ijr] brhd]dhh].

bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] ,Uf]fpd]w epiyikfis gp.v!].gp.

tl]lhuj]Jf]F Mjhu';fSld] vLj]Jiuf]f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]/

129 C[kúRôhPm

mth]fsplj]jpy] xU bfhe]jspg]ig cz]L gz]zptpl ntz]Lk]

vd]w jdJ jpl ]lj ]ij jpU.nerkzp tpsf]fpdhh ] . ,jd]

Kjw]fl]lkhf bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] ele]j nfhu rk]gt';fis

vLj]Jf]fhl ]Lfpd]w rpy gl';fis mr]rpl ]L/ gp .v!].g p .

mzpfSf]Fk] / midj]J ehlhSkd]w cWg]gpdh ]fSk]

bfhLj]JtpLtJ vd]Wk] cWjpahapw]W. vJthdhYk] rup/

gl';fis xU rpW tpsf]fj]njhL Mapuf]fzf]fpy] mr]rpl]L

tpdpnahfpg]gJ vd]Wk] Kot[ bra]ag]gl]lJ.

Vw]fdnt jpl]lkpl]oUe]j gpufhuk] jpU.v.nerkzp 1954

etk]gh] 6-k] ehs] oy]yp brd]Wtpl]lhh]. uapy] epiyaj]jpy]

itj]nj “fpUgyhdp tPl ]L Kd] kwpay]” vd]dthapw ]W :gj]jpupiffspy] bra]jp tutpy]iyna vd]W jpU.urhf]fplk]

tpdtpdhh]. filrp epkplj]jpy] Fg]g [Rthkpf]F kdkhw]wk]

te]Jtpl]lJ. mjdhy] kwpay] elf]ftpy]iy vd]W brhy]yp

Koj]Jtpl ]lhh ] jpU.v.urhf ] . “Vd]> mtUf]fpe ]j jpOh ]

kdkhw]wk]”. tPuDf]F tPud] tpj]jpahrk] ,y]iy vd]gij

ep+gpg]gjw]fhf mtUk] khwpapUg]gnuh> vd]whh]. tPuDf]F

tPud]/ “khtPud]” vd]W mth] Fwpg]gpl]lJ” g. $Pth-itj] jhd]

vd]gJ jpU.v. urhf]Fj] bjupa[k].

jpU. Fg]g[rhkp njtpFsk]/ \zhW gFjp jp.j.eh.fh.

bray] tPuh] Mthh]. kwpay] nghuhl]lj]jpd] nghJ rpyUf]F

rpwpJ fhyk] jz]lid tH';fg]gl]oUe]jJ. jz]lid fhyk]

Koe]J ,g]ngh]gl]lth]fs] gyh] tpLjiyahfp rpiwapypUe]J

btspapy] te]Jtpl]ldh]. mth]fspy] xUth] jpU.fhe]jpuhkd].

bjhz]lh ]gilj ] jsgjp . kw ]wth ] j pU.Jiurhkp /

mz]ikf ]fhyk ] tiu ,th ] j pU.bfhr ]r p fh' ;f pur pd ]

ehfh ]nfhtpy ] f pisapd] brayhsuhf ,Ue]jth ] . bjd]

jpUtpjh';Tupy] ele]j fpsh]r]rpiag; gad]gLj]jp jp.j.eh.fh-

tpy] ,Ue]J gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] rk!]jhd fh';fpuRf]F

130 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Xog]nghdth]. kPz]Lk] jp.j.eh.fh-tpy] te]J ,ize]jhh] .

,th ]fs ] ,UtUk ] j pU .nerkzpf ]F xU nahrid

Twpdhh]fs]. mth] ahUila nahridiaa[k] nfl]fkhl]lhh]

vd ]whYk] ,e ]j nahridapy ] / capnuhl ]lk ] ,Ug ]gjhf

vz]zp mjw]F xg]g [jy] je]jhh ] . g [Joy]ypapy] gp .v!].gp .

fl]rpapd] ehlhSkd]wj] jiyth] jpUkjp. RrPjh fpUgyhdp

trpj ]J te]j tPl ]oy]jhd] gp .v!].gp . jiyth] Mr]rhupah

f pUgyhdpa [k ] tr pj ]J te ]jhh ] . mth ]fsJ t Pl ]LKd ]

“Fj]jpapUg]g [g ] nghuhl]lk]” xd]iw elj]jpdhy] gp.v!].gp.

tl ]lhuj ]j py ] bjd ]j pUtpjh' ;Tu ] rkhr ]rhuk ] ,onghy ]

mth ]fisj ] jhf ]Fk ] . mjd ] t pisthf gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isf]F fLk] beUf]Fjy] Vw]gLk]. mjw]F mth]

gzpa ntz]oa fl ]lhak ] tUk ] . mjd ] gadhf bjd ]

j pUtpjh' ;Tu py ] nghy P! ] ml ]?H pa' ;fs ] thgrhFk ] .

jtput[k] rpiwapy] milj]jth]fs] tpLtpf]fg]gLth] vd]w

g[Jikahd nahridahf mJ ,Ue]jJ.

Mdhy] mij bray]Kiwf]F bfhz]L tUtjpy] gy

eilKiwr] rpf]fy]fs] cz]L. mjdhy] jpU.urhf] ,ij

Vw]Wf]bfhs]stpy]iy. Vbddpy] ,th]fs] ,UtUk] filrp

tiu cWjpa [ld] epw ]fkhl ]lhh ]fs] vd]gJ mth ] mwpe ]j

cz]ik. Mdhy] jpU.Fg]g[rhkp bghWg]ngw]Wf] bfhz]ljhy]/

mth]fis miHj]Jf] bfhz]L jpU.urhf] oy]yp g[wg]gl]lhh].

,th]fs]nky] KG ek]gpf ]ifia itj]J/ 1954 mf]nlhgh]

25-k] njjp jpUr]rpapy] itj]J jpU.fpUgyhdpf]F nfhupf]if

kDt[k] mDg]gpahfptpl]lJ. mjpy] \d]W nfhupf]iffis]

jpU.urhf] typa[Wj]jpapUe]jhh].

i) khh ]#y] nerkzp nfl]lJ nghd]W btsp

khepyj]ijr] rhh]e]j cah] ePjpkd]w ePjpgjpiaf]

bfhz]L tprhuiz elj]j ntz]Lk].

131 C[kúRôhPm

ii) midj]J ePjpkd]wj] jhthf]fisa[k] thg!] bgw

ntz]Lk].

iii) fhtypy] itf]fg]gl]oUe]j midj]J jiyth]fisa[k]/

bjhz]lh]fisa[k] tpLjiy bra]a ntz]Lk].

,jidj] bjhlh]e]J 1954 mf]nlhgh] 30-k] njjp ,th]fs]

ehy]tUk] bly]yp te]J nrh]e]jhh]fs]. jpl]lkpl]lg]go etk]gh]

xd]whk] njjp Fj;jpapUg]g[ jh]zh bra]a ntz]Lk]. mjw]F

Kd]g[ ,th]fis miHj]Jf] bfhz]L fpUgyhdp j';fpapUe]j

,lj]jpw]Fr] brd]W/ v';F vt]thW jh]zh bra]a ntz]Lk]

vd]gijf] Fwpj]j midj]J jfty]fSk] bjuptpf]fg]gl]ld.

fpUgyhdp tPl]oy] mtnuh/ mtuJ kidtp jpUkjp. RrPjh

fpUgyhdpnah md]W ,y]iy. mth]fsJ brayhsh]fs]jhd]

,Ue]jdh]. ,th]fs] \tUk] m';nf etk]gh] Kjy] ehs] (1954

etk]gh] 1-k] ehs]) Fe]jpapUg]g[ jh]zh vd]W 31.10.1954 md]nw

gj]jpupiffSf]Fk]/ fhty]Jiwf]Fk] mwptpg]g[ bfhLj]jhfp

tpl]lJ. ,ij gp.v!].gp jiyth] fpUgyhdpapd] brayUf]F

mwptpg]g [ bfhLg]gjw]fhf jpU.urhf] jPh ]khdpj]J/ khiy 5

kzpf ]F mwptpg ]g [ bfhLg ]gjw ]fhf Maj]jkhdhh ] .

mt]ntisapy] jpU.Fg ]g [Rthkp mtiu mqfp te]J

“brayUf]F mwptpg]g[j] ju ntz]lhk]” vd]W jpU. urhf]if

ntz]odhh ] . mjw]fhf mth] vd]bdd]dnth rhf ]Fg ]

nghf]Ffisr] brhd]dhh]. jpU.urhf] mjph]e]J nghdhh]. jpU.

Fg]g[rhkp nfh#]oapdUf]F gPjp $%uk] fz]Ltpl]lJ. mjdhy]

jh]zh jpl]lk] iftplg]gl]lJ.

,ijna jpU.nerkzp “tPuDf]F tPud] tpj]jpahrk]

,y]iy” vd]W ngrpajpd] bghUs]. ,g]ngh]gl]l nfhiHfis

itj]Jf] bfhz]Ljhd] jp.j.eh.fh-it tPuKld] elj]jp te]jhh]

khh]#y] nerkzp.

132 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

57.57.57.57.57. The Rule of Steel and Fire :

,dp “The Rule of Steel & Fire” g [j ]jfj]ij

mr]rog]gjpYk] bgUk] rpf]fy]fs] vGe]jd. ve]j mr]rfKk] ,ij

mr]roj]Jj] jUtjw]F Kd]tUk] vd]gjpy] Mj';fk] vGe]jJ.

ehfh]nfhtpypy] md]W gpugykhf ,Ue]j ,uz]L mr]rf';fSk]

j';fsJ ,ayhikia btspapl]ld. mLj]J jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!]

rl ]lkd]w cWg]gpdupd] mr ]rfj]ija[k ] mqfpdh ] .

jpU.nerkzpa[k ] / jpU.urhf ]Fk] . jpUtpjh';Tupy ] md]W

rl]lkd]w cWg]gpduhf ,Ue]j jpU.v.vk].irkd]/ ehfh]nfhtpy]

ntg]g\L $';#dpy] M.S.M. Press vd]w bgaupy] mr]rfk] elj]jp

te]jhh]. me]j mr]rfk] ,Ue]j ,lj]jpy]jhd] ,d]W S. ey]y

bgUkhs] $t[spf ]fil ,a';Ffpd]wJ. mtUk] jdJ

,ayhikapd] ifia tpupj]Jtpl]lhh]. vdnt mij oy]ypapy]

mr]rog]gJ vd]w Kot[ld] mth]fs] bly]yp tpiue]jdh] .

m';nfa[k] gy mr]rf';fs] ,ij mr]rof]f ,z';ftpy]iy.

filrpahf “epa{ V$] gpupz]o'; gpw!]” (New Age Printing Press)vd]w fk]a{dp!]L gj]jpupifg] gpw!] ,ij mr]rog]gjw]F

Vw]Wf]bfhz]lJ. Mapuf ]fzf]fpy ] ,e]j rpwpa g [j ]jfk]

btspte]Jtpl]lJ. ,ij ehfg[upapy] ele;j gp.v!].gp. khehl]oy]

tpdpnahfpf]f ntz]Lk;.

,e]j gp .v!].gp . khehl]Lf]F njhthisj] bjhFjp

gp.v!].gp. fl]rp rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh] jpU. T.S. uhkrhkpgps]is

epr]rak] g';nfw]f tUthh]. mth] \ykhf ,e]jg; g[j]jfj]ij

m';nf tpdpnahfpj]Jf] bfhs]syhk] vd]w MtnyhL mtiuj]

njLk] Kaw]rpapy] <Lgl]lhh] jpU.V.urhf]. Mdhy] mtiu v';Fk]

fhztpy]iy. filrpahf mtiuj; jpUtpjh';Th] mu';fj]jpy]

fhz Koe]jJ. mtuplk] ,ijj; je ]jnghJ ,uz]blhU

gpujpfis kl]Lk] vLj]Jtpl]L efh]e]Jtpl]lhh]. ,e]j tp#ak]

Fwpj]J jpU.nerkzp jpU.T.S. uhkrhkpgps]isaplk] Vw]fdnt

133 C[kúRôhPm

tpupthf ngrpapUe]jhh]. jtput[k] jpU.urhf]Fk] mtUf]F fojk]

vGjpapUe]jhh]. MdhYk] vjph]ghh]j]j xj]JiHg]g[ mtuplkpUe]J

fpilf]ftpy]iy. vdnt jpU. urhf] khehl]L Kfg]g[f]Fr] brd]W

rpy igad]fis mkh]j]jp mj]jid g[j]jf';fisa[k] khehl]Lg]

g pujpepjpapdUf]F tpdpnahfpj ]Jtpl ]lhh ] . jkpHd] vd]W

khh]jl]of] bfhz]lhYk]/ bts]shk]gps]isfspd] cs]shh]e]j

xj]JiHg]g[ ,jd] ghy] ,y]iy vd]gij jpU. o.v!].uhkrhkp

gps]is bray] thapyhf mwpa KofpwJ my]yth>

khehL bjhl';fptpl ]lJ. jiyth] b$ag]gpufh#]

ehuhazd] bjhlf]f ciu Mw]wpdhh ] . bjsptpy ]yhJ

vJbty]yhnkh ngrpdhh]. jpU.bfhr]rp Ml]rp/ bjd]jpUtpjh';Th]

Jg ]ghf ]fpr ] R {L gw ]wp xl ]oa[k ] / btl]oa[k ] / bghjpe ]J

Ml]rpahsUf]Fk]/ kw]wth]fSf]Fk] rhjf ghjfkpy]yhky]

bjsptw]W ngrp Koj]jhh]. mjd] gpwF lhf]lh]. nyhfpah ngr]ir

bjhl';fpdhh].

“vjph]ghh]j]jgona mth] Kd]btspapl]l mwpf]iffspd]

mog]gilapy] kpf RUf]fkhnt ngrpdhh]. mtUila

thh]j ]ijfs]/ cr]rupg ]g [ / mGj]jk]/ fl]rpf ]F mth]

tpLj]j vr]rupf]iffs] midj]Jk] <l]o nghy] gha]e]jd.

Kotpy]/ jhqgps]is rh]f]fhiu xU nrh#payp!]L

rh]f]fhh] vd]W brhy]y ve]j nrhrpayp!]Lk] btl]fg]gl

ntz]Lk] vd]W Twp Koj]Jtpl]lhh]”. (mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk](mnj g[j]jfk]

– gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 297)))))

mtUf]Fg] gpwF Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is

nkilnawpdhh ] . “khepy g [duikg]g [ fkp#d] mwpf ]if

tUKd]ng mth]fs] g[ul]rpapy] <Lgl]L tpl]lhh]fs]” vd]W bjd]

jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpHh ]fs] kPJ Fw]wk ]rhl ]odhh ] . ,uz]L

khj';fSf]F Kd]g[/ vh]zhFsk] rl]lf]fy]Y}hpapy] ele]j

Tl]lj]jpy] ngrpa jpU. jhqgps]is “Xo thU';fs]/ Xo

134 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

thU';fs]”/ vd kiyahspfis miHj]J/ “kjuh!] Kjd]

ke]jpup fhkuh$Uk]/ epjp ke]jpup Rg]gpukzpaKk] jpUtpjh';Tu]

bfhr ]r papYs]s xd;gJ jhYfhf]fs] kPJ gilbaLf]f

nghl ]oUf]Fk] jpl ]lj ]ij Kwpaof]f Kd] thU';fs] vd

miHj]jhh]”. (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 298)))))

,e]j miwTtYk]/ Mntrg] ngr ]Rk ] njhthis

rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh] o.v!].uhkrhkpgps]isf]F bjupa[k]. gl]lk]

jhqgps]isapd] ,e]j ngr]Rf]fs] rupahdJ my]y vd]gJk]

jpU.o.v!]. uhkrhkpgps]isf]Fj] bjupa[k]. khehl]L nkilapy]

mth] jf]fbjhU gjpy] jUthh] vd]W vjph ]ghh ]f ]fg ]gl]lJ.

nkilapy] o.v!]. ,Ue]jhh]. Mdhy] mth] ngrt[k] ,y]iy.

jhqgps]isapd] ngr]Rf]fs] jtwhdJ vd]W kWf]ft[k] ,y]iy.

lhf ]lh ] nyhfpah bfhLj]j R{l ]nlhL jhqgps]is

jg]gpj ]Jtpl ]lhh ] . jpU.o.v!].uhkrhkpgps]is khehl]Lf]F

tutpy]iyah> vd]W jpU.nerkzp/ jpU.urhf]fplk] nfl]Ls]shh].

“te]jpUe]jhh ] / Mdhy] ngRtjw]F Kd]tutpy]iy” vd]W

jpU.nerkzpf]F gjpy] je]jhh] jpU.urhf]. “…jhqgps]is

rh]f]fhh] jkpHh] kPJ ve]j mst[f]F bt";rpdk] bfhz]oUe]jJ

vd]Wk] / ehlhh ] Fykf]fis xw]iwg ]gLj]jp

Jd]gj ]jpw ]Fs]shf]fp tUfpwJ vd]Wk] / bghJthfj]

jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpHfj]jpy ] ngr ]Rupikf]Fk] / $dehaf

eltof]iffSf;Fk] ntl]L itf]fg]gl]oUf]fpwJ vd]Wk]

gl]oay] nghl]l ….” jpU.o.v!].uhkrhkpg]gps]isah ,t]thW

ele]J bfhz]lhh] vd]W khh]#y] Mr]rupag]gl]lhh]. mj]Jlnd

ehfg[up khehl]oy] jkpHh]fspd] eyd]fs] Vkhw]wj]jpy] Koe]jd.

58. nerkzpa[ld; cld]gof]if 58. nerkzpa[ld; cld]gof]if 58. nerkzpa[ld; cld]gof]if 58. nerkzpa[ld; cld]gof]if 58. nerkzpa[ld; cld]gof]if :

ehfg[up khehl]L btw]wpf] fspg]nghL jiyefh] te]J

nrh]e]jhh] Kjyikr]rh] jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is. ,tiu ,dp

135 C[kúRôhPm

gpoj ]J epWj]JtJ ,ayhj fhupak] vd]W fh';fpu!]

tl]lhu';fs] epidj]jd. tYthd fothsk] nghl]lhy]jhd]

,e]j rz]of] Fjpiuia tHpf]F bfhz]L tu Koa[k] vd]w

vz]zk] jpU.nerkzpaplk] cUthapw ]W. ,ij jpwd]gl

jPuKld] bra]J Kof]Fk] typik jpU.nerkzpf]F cz]L.

mth] mij bra]J Kog]ghh] vd]W ek]gg]gl]lJ. Mdhy] mjw]F

,ila{whf gy cl]g{ry]fs] jp.j.eh.fh mikg]gpy] cUthfp

,Ue]jd.

vdnt ,e]j cl]g {riy gad]gLj]jp \d]whtJ

Kiwahf jpU.nerkzpia jd] tHpf]Ff] bfhz]L tUtjw]fhf/

jpU.jhqgps]isapd] Mrpa[ld] jpl;lk; mu';nfwpaJ. fl]rpapy]

cUthfpa[s]s cl]g{riy nkYk] jPtpug]gLj]jp/ jpU.nerkzpia

tHpf]Ff] bfhz]L tUtJ vd]W mth]fs] jPh]khdpj]Jtpl]ldh].

,e]j Kiwapy] Kd]gpUe]nj jp.j.eh.fh jiyth] jpU.uhkrhkpgps]is

Kaw]rp nkw]bfhz]lth] Mthh]. ,r;rkak] ,k]Kaw]rpapy]

nghyP!] I.G.jpU.re ]jpunrfud]ehah ] fsk] ,w';fpdhh ] .

jpU.uhkrhkpgps]isa[ld] ,g]nghJ jpUthsh]fs; irkd]/

tp.nf.uh$hgps]is kw]Wk] jpU.re]jduh$%k] ,wf]fp tplg]gl]ldh].

jpUbey]ntypapy] gy Ch]fspy] j";rk] g[Fe]jpUe]j ehlhh]

my]yhjth]fis mqfp mth]fis jp.j.eh.fh-tpypUe]J

jdpikg]gLj]jp j';fs; mzpf]F bfhz]L tu xU gfPuj Kaw]rp

vLj]jdh]. murpay] fsj]jpy] bjhlh]e]J gl]lk] jhqgps]is

bgw]wpUe]j btw]wpahy] ehlhh]fs] my]yhj jiyth]fs] nrhh]e]J

jhd] fhzg]gl]ldh]. ,e]j re]jh]g]gj]ij gad]gLj]jp g[jpa

xg]ge]jj]ij jpU.nerkzpiaf] bfhz]L Vw]gspf]fr] bra]tjw]fhf

mtuJ $%dpah] jpU.gf]F+jPd] Mjj]ij mkh]j]jpf]bfhz]lhh]

nfus bfsKjp gj]jpuhjpgh] jpU.RFkhud]ehah]. ,e]j jpUj]jp

vGjg]gl ]l xg ]ge ]jj]ij/ jf]fiy rhh ]g [r piwr]rhiyapy]

milf]fg]gl]oUe]j ehlhh] my]yhj jpUthsh]fs] mde]j

136 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

uhkd]/ E}h]KfkJ/ irkd]/ nfhghyfpU#]zd] MfpnahUld]

Mnyhrid fye]J ,j]jpl]lj]ij totikj]Jf] bfhz]lhh].

Kd]g[ jpU.nerkzpahy] epuhfhpf]fg]gl]l mnj xg]ge]jk]. Anold wine in a new jar?. mjd] thrfk]:

“khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] / g [Jf ]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy ]khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] / g [Jf ]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy ]khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] / g [Jf ]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy ]khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] / g [Jf ]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy ]khh ]j ]jhz]lk ] / g [Jf ]fil Mfpa ,l';fspy ]

Mf!]L 11-y] ele]j rpy epfH]r]rpfs] vjph]ghuhjit/Mf!]L 11-y] ele]j rpy epfH]r]rpfs] vjph]ghuhjit/Mf!]L 11-y] ele]j rpy epfH]r]rpfs] vjph]ghuhjit/Mf!]L 11-y] ele]j rpy epfH]r]rpfs] vjph]ghuhjit/Mf!]L 11-y] ele]j rpy epfH]r]rpfs] vjph]ghuhjit/

Jh]g ]ghf]fpakhdit. ntW murpay] mikg]g [fSk]Jh]g ]ghf]fpakhdit. ntW murpay] mikg]g [fSk]Jh]g ]ghf]fpakhdit. ntW murpay] mikg]g [fSk]Jh]g ]ghf]fpakhdit. ntW murpay] mikg]g [fSk]Jh]g ]ghf]fpakhdit. ntW murpay] mikg]g [fSk]

jp.j.eh.fh kPJ gifik bfhz]l rpy jdpg]gl]lth]fSk]/jp.j.eh.fh kPJ gifik bfhz]l rpy jdpg]gl]lth]fSk]/jp.j.eh.fh kPJ gifik bfhz]l rpy jdpg]gl]lth]fSk]/jp.j.eh.fh kPJ gifik bfhz]l rpy jdpg]gl]lth]fSk]/jp.j.eh.fh kPJ gifik bfhz]l rpy jdpg]gl]lth]fSk]/

FWf]fPl]lhy] mj]JkPwpa ,e]j td]Kiwr] rk]gt';fs]FWf]fPl]lhy] mj]JkPwpa ,e]j td]Kiwr] rk]gt';fs]FWf]fPl]lhy] mj]JkPwpa ,e]j td]Kiwr] rk]gt';fs]FWf]fPl]lhy] mj]JkPwpa ,e]j td]Kiwr] rk]gt';fs]FWf]fPl]lhy] mj]JkPwpa ,e]j td]Kiwr] rk]gt';fs]

v';fs] fl]Lg]ghl]ow]F ml';fhky] epfH]e]Jtpl]ld.v';fs] fl]Lg]ghl]ow]F ml';fhky] epfH]e]Jtpl]ld.v';fs] fl]Lg]ghl]ow]F ml';fhky] epfH]e]Jtpl]ld.v';fs] fl]Lg]ghl]ow]F ml';fhky] epfH]e]Jtpl]ld.v';fs] fl]Lg]ghl]ow]F ml';fhky] epfH]e]Jtpl]ld.

mitfSf]fhf eh';fs] tUe]Jfpnwhk]. ,jdhnynmitfSf]fhf eh';fs] tUe]Jfpnwhk]. ,jdhnynmitfSf]fhf eh';fs] tUe]Jfpnwhk]. ,jdhnynmitfSf]fhf eh';fs] tUe]Jfpnwhk]. ,jdhnynmitfSf]fhf eh';fs] tUe]Jfpnwhk]. ,jdhnynaaaaa

v';fs] nghuhl]lj]ijv';fs] nghuhl]lj]ijv';fs] nghuhl]lj]ijv';fs] nghuhl]lj]ijv';fs] nghuhl]lj]ij clnd epWj]jp itj]njhk] . clnd epWj]jp itj]njhk] . clnd epWj]jp itj]njhk] . clnd epWj]jp itj]njhk] . clnd epWj]jp itj]njhk] .

mijj] bjhlUk] nehf ]fk ] ,g ]nghJk] ,y]iy.mijj] bjhlUk] nehf ]fk ] ,g ]nghJk] ,y]iy.mijj] bjhlUk] nehf ]fk ] ,g ]nghJk] ,y]iy.mijj] bjhlUk] nehf ]fk ] ,g ]nghJk] ,y]iy.mijj] bjhlUk] nehf ]fk ] ,g ]nghJk] ,y]iy.

Mfnt v';fs] jiyth ]fs] k PJ bjhLf]fg ]gl ]lMfnt v';fs] jiyth ]fs] k PJ bjhLf]fg ]gl ]lMfnt v';fs] jiyth ]fs] k PJ bjhLf]fg ]gl ]lMfnt v';fs] jiyth ]fs] k PJ bjhLf]fg ]gl ]lMfnt v';fs] jiyth ]fs] k PJ bjhLf]fg ]gl ]l

nfRfis thg!] bgw ]W mth ]fis tpLjiynfRfis thg!] bgw ]W mth ]fis tpLjiynfRfis thg!] bgw ]W mth ]fis tpLjiynfRfis thg!] bgw ]W mth ]fis tpLjiynfRfis thg!] bgw ]W mth ]fis tpLjiy

bra]a ntz]Lk]bra]a ntz]Lk]bra]a ntz]Lk]bra]a ntz]Lk]bra]a ntz]Lk]” . . . . . (m(m(m(m(mnj g[j ]jfk] nj g [j ]jfk] nj g [j ]jfk] nj g [j ]jfk] nj g [j ]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 302)))))

Fwpg;g[ Fwpg;g[ Fwpg;g[ Fwpg;g[ Fwpg;g[ : jiyth;fs;kPJ bjhLf;fg;gl;l nfRfis kl;Lk;

thg!; th';f ntz;Lkhk;. bjhz;lh;fs; rpiwapnyna

koe;jhYk;gwthapy;iy. mth;fs; midtUk; ehlhh;

kf ;fs; jhnd> vd;gnj ,e;j xg ;ge ;jj ;jpd; cs;

nehf;fk; vd;gJ bjspt[.

,e]j kd]dpg]g[ rhrdk] M';fpyj]jpy] vGjg]gl]oUe]jJ.

mjd] jkpHhf ]fk ]jhd ] nkny jug ]gl ]lJ. ahh ] ,ij

jpU.nerkzpaplk] vLj]Jr] brd]W xg]g[jy] bgWtJ> ePz]l

Kft[iua[lnd jp.j.eh.fh jiyth] jpU.uhkrhkpgps]isna

,e ]j xg ]ge ]j efiy vLj ]Jr ] brd ]W xg ]g [jYf ]fhf

jpU.nerkzpaplk] bfhLj]jhh]. ,th] Vd] jpU.nerkzpapd]

xg ]g [jy] ntz]o mtuplk] ju ntz]Lk]> me]j fl]rpapd]

jiyth] vd]w epiyapy] mtnu xg]g[jy] je]Jtpl]L/ rpiwapy]

137 C[kúRôhPm

,Uf]fpd]wth]fis tpLtpj]jpUf]fyhnk. gpwF Vd] mij

mth] bra]atpy]iy> jdpg ]gl ]l Kiwapy] jpU.uhkrhkp

gps ]isahy] mijr] bra]tjw]F KoahJ. ,th ] kl ]Lk ]

xg]g[jy] je]jhy] gl]lk] jhqgps]is xj]Jf] bfhs]st[khl]lhh].

mtUf ]F j pU.nerkzpiaj ]jhd ] ruzilar ] bra ]a

ntz]Lk]. mg]nghJjhd] bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy] thH]fpd]w

bgUthup ehlhh] kf]fs] mij xg]g[f] bfhs]th] vd]gJ gl]lk]

jhqgps]is mwpe]jnj. mjdhy]jhd]/ ehlhh] kf]fis xl]L

bkhj ]jkhf mlf ]f p jd ]tak ] bfhz]L tUtjw ]F

jpU.nerkzpapd] xg]g[jiy mth] tpUk]gpdhh].

jpU.nerkzpapd] nghuhl]lj]jpd] nehf]fnk “ehlhh]

kf ]fspd]” 200 Mz]L fhy moikj]jdj]jpy ] cUthd

khd';bfl]l thH]tpypUe]J mth]fis tpLtpj ]J/ jha]

jkpHfj]Jlnd ,izf]f ntz]Lk] vd]w nfhl ]ghL.

Mdhy] jpU.uhkrhkpgps ]isapd] vz]zk]/ ehlhh ]

my]yhjth]fisahtJ rpiwfspypUe]J tpLtpf]f ntz]Lk]

vd]gJ kl]LnkahFk]. ehlhh] jiyth]fSk] mnj rpiwapy]

,Ue]Jk]/ mth]fsplj]jpy] ,e]j xg]ge]j thrfj]ijj] fhl]lhky]

ehlhh ] my]yhjth ]fsplk] kl ]Lnk fhl ]o mth]fSila

xg]g[jiya[k]/ ghuhl]ila[k] bgw]wjd] nehf]fk] ,Jjhd;.

Mdhy] jpU.nerkzp Kl]lhnsh/ kilandh my]y

vd]gij jpU.uhkrhkpgps]is fzLbfhz;lhh;. Kd] tot

efiyg; ghh]j]j clnd jpU.uhkrhkp gps]isiag] ghh]j]J

nerkzp tpdtpdhh].

“ekJ nghuhl ]lj ]jpy ] jiyapl ]l ntW murpay]

mikg]g[fs] ahit/ FWf]fpl]l murpay] tpnuhjpfs]

ahh ] / ahh ] vd]W bjspt[gLj]j ntz]Lk]. mg]goj]

bjspt[gLj]Jk] nghJ mit ek] nghuhl ]l

epfH]r]rpfSf]Fg] bghUj]jkhdjhf ,Uj]jy] ntz]Lk].

138 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

my]yhtpl]lhy] mJ re]jh]g]gthjkhfptpLk]. cld]gof]if

Kd] totKk] xU bghJ kd]dpg]g[f]F mr]rhuk] itg]gJ

nghy] ,Uf]Fk]. bghJthf fk]a{dp!]Lfs] jiyaPl]odhy]

td]Kiwfs] epfH]e]J tpl]ld vd]W ngrg]gLfpwJ.

Mdhy] ve]j mst[f]F fk]a{dp!]L fl]rp kl]Lk] ,jw]Fg]

bghWg]g[ vd]gJ ep+gpf]fg]gl ntz]oa xd]whFk]”.

“… td]Kiwr] bray]fSf]bfy]yhk] \y fhuzk]

murh';fj]jpd] Vtyhsh]fs] (Agent provocatures)vd]Wjhd] brhy]ypapUf]fpnwhk]. ,J cz]ika[lk] Tl.

,ijtpl ]L tpyfp ntW tpjkhfg ] ngrpdhy] ,e ]j

rkhjhd cld]gof]if xUkhg]g [ Mh]$p MfptpLk]”vd]W jdJ gjpiy Twpdhh ] khh ]#y] nerkzp.

(mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 303) 303) 303) 303) 303)

,ijf] nfl]lJk] jiyth] jpU.gp.uhkrhkp gps]isf]F

tha] milj]Jg] nghapw]W. gjpy] Tw Koahky] jpzwpdhh].

mt]ntisapy] bgupatupd] $%dpah] tHf]fwp"h] jpU. gf]+jPd]

Mjk]/ uhkrhkp gps]isf]F fuk] bfhLg]gJ nghd]W/ ,e]j

cld]gof]ifapd] totj]ijg] gw]wpg] gupe]J ngrpdhh]. “fhyk]

flj]jhky] cld]gof]if Kd] totj]ij Vw]Wf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]”vd]Wk] my]yhtpl]lhy] “ehk] fhdy] ePiuj] njo Xof] bfhz]nl

,Ug]nghk]” vd]Wk] mtrug]gl]L ngrptpl]lhh]. mg]nghJ jhd]

,tUf]Fk] ,e]j cld]gof]if jahupg]gpy] g']F ,Uf]fpwJ

vd]w cz]ikia jpU.nerkzp g [u pe ]J bfhz]L/ “,e]j,e ]j,e ]j,e ]j,e ]j

ke ]jpu prig nkYk] xU E}w ]whz]Lfs] bjhlUk] vd]Wke ]jpu prig nkYk] xU E}w ]whz]Lfs] bjhlUk] vd]Wke ]jpu prig nkYk] xU E}w ]whz]Lfs] bjhlUk] vd]Wke ]jpu prig nkYk] xU E}w ]whz]Lfs] bjhlUk] vd]Wke ]jpu prig nkYk] xU E}w ]whz]Lfs] bjhlUk] vd]W

ek]gpf] bfhz]oUf]fpwhah>ek]gpf] bfhz]oUf]fpwhah>ek]gpf] bfhz]oUf]fpwhah>ek]gpf] bfhz]oUf]fpwhah>ek]gpf] bfhz]oUf]fpwhah>” vd]W fhl]lkhf foe]J bfhz]lhh].

jpU. Mjk] Mog]nghdhh]. (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 304) 304) 304) 304) 304)

vjw]Fk] jpU.mg]Jy]urhf ] CUf]F te]j gpwF

mtiua[k] fye]J Mnyhrpj]J xU Kot[f]F tuyhk] vd]W

Twptpl ]lhh ] . Fwpj ]j fhyj]jpy ] jpU.my]Jy]urhf ]Fk]

139 C[kúRôhPm

ehfh]nfhtpy] te]Jtpl]lhh]. Vnjh xU mtru fhupakhf mtuJ

tuit vjph]ghh]j]jpUf]fpwhh] vd]w bra]jp $%dpah] jpU.n$k]!]

thapyhf mwpe]J/ bgupatiug] ghh]g]gjw]F tpiue]J brd]W

mtiur] re]jpj]jhh]. g[jpa cld]gof]ifapd] efiy jpU.mg]Jy]

urhf]fplk] mth] je]jhh]. mij goj]Jg] ghh]j;j jpU.urhf]/ ,jw]F

Kd]g[ ,uz]L Kiw rpije]J nghd Kd] tot[ nghd]W ,Jt[k]

,Uf]fpwJ vd]gjhy] jpU.uhkrhkpgps ]isia clnd

tutiHj]J Mnyhridiaj] bjhl';fpdhh]. Mnyhrid bjhl';fpa

clnd jpU.uhkrhkpgps]is “Kd]totj]jpYs]sitfis

xd]wpy] mg]gona vLj]Jf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]/ ,y]iynay]

mg]gona tpl]Ltpl ntz]Lk]” vd]W xnu tupapy] Koj]Jf]

bfhz]lhh]. ,ijf] nfl]l jpU.nerkzp “mg]goahdhy] ,ij

Kd]Tl]ona brhy]ypapUe]jhy]/ tPzhff; fhj]jpUf]f

ntz]oapUf]fhjy]yth>” vd]W cldog] gjpy ] je ]J

tUj]jg ]gl ]lhh ] . jiyth] jpU.gp .uhkrhkpg ]g ps ]is gjpy ]

Twtpy]iy. mtuplk] “Vd] ,e]j kdkhw]wk]” vd]W jpU.urhf]

tpdtpdhh]. rw]W Vsdg] ghzpapy] mth] gjpy] te]jJ.

“ekf]bfy]yhk] ,';fpUe]J bfhz]L ePz]l thjg]gpujpth

j';fisbay]yhk] bra]J bfhz]oUg]gJ Rygk]jhd].

Mdhy] jiyth]fSk]/ fsg]gzpahsh]fSk] rpiwf]

Tl';fspy] tijf]fg]gLfpwhh]fs]/ thLfpwhh]fs]/ bte]J

bfhz]oUf]fpwhh ]fs] vd]W Xykpl ]lhh ] . mtUf]F

kl]Lk]jhd] ftiya[k] ntjida[k] vd]W epidg]gJ

nghy mJ bjupe]jJ”.

mjw]F nghk] tHp vd]d vd]gij Mnyhrpf]fj]jhnd

mth]fs] Toa[s]sdh]. Mnyhrid bjhl';Ftjw]F Kd]ng/

Fjw]fthjk] bra]jhy] vg ]go Mnyhrpr ]f Koa[k ] / vd]W

jpU.urhf ] tpdtpdhh ] . mg ]nghJjhd] tp#aj]ij mth]

btspapl]lhh]. mJ mtupd] Kaw]rpapd] gad] vd]W Twpf]bfhz]lhh].

140 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

“Kd] totk]/ ed]whf nahrpj]J jd] fUj]Jf]fisa[k]

cl]bfhz]L/ jd] Mnyhrhidg]gona jahhpf ]fg ]

gl]oUf]fpwbjd]Wk]/ rpiwg]gl]oUf]Fk] ez]gh]fSk]

Tl ,jid Mnkhjpj]Jtpl]lhh]fs] vd]Wk]/ Mfnt

nkw]bfhz]L Mnyhridia ePl]of] bfhz]L nghtJ

rupay]ybtd]Wk] mwpt[Wj]jpdhh]. Mnkhjpj]jth]fs]

gl]oaypy] MW bgah]fs] kl]Lnk mtUf]F cr]rupf]f

Koe]jJ. mj]jid ngUnk jf]fiy rg] b$apypy]

,Ue]jhh]fs]. m';nf ntWk] gyh] cz]L” “ifjhfp

$hkPd] kWf]fg ]gl ]L gy rpiwfspy] fhtypy]

,Ue]jth]fs] vz]zpf]ifnah Mapuj]Jf]Fk] mjpfk].

me]j epiyapy] murpay] uPjpapy] jPh]t[fhz ntz]oa

xU gpur]ridia… btWk] MW ngh] Kot[f]F tpLtJ

bghUe]Jkh>” vd]W jpU.urhf ] tpdtpdhh ] .


,Jtiu mikjpahf ftdpj ]Jf] bfhz]oUe]j

jpU.nerkzp ngrj] bjhl';fpdhh].

“ehd] jp.j.eh.fh.it Muk]gpj ]j md]W Kjy] xUehd] jp.j.eh.fh.it Muk]gpj ]j md]W Kjy] xUehd] jp.j.eh.fh.it Muk]gpj ]j md]W Kjy] xUehd] jp.j.eh.fh.it Muk]gpj ]j md]W Kjy] xUehd] jp.j.eh.fh.it Muk]gpj ]j md]W Kjy] xU

Tl]lkhf ,a';fpndhk]. Tl]lj]jpy] gyh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].Tl]lkhf ,a';fpndhk]. Tl]lj]jpy] gyh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].Tl]lkhf ,a';fpndhk]. Tl]lj]jpy] gyh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].Tl]lkhf ,a';fpndhk]. Tl]lj]jpy] gyh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].Tl]lkhf ,a';fpndhk]. Tl]lj]jpy] gyh] ,Ue]jhh]fs].

mth]fspy] gyh] nghapUg]ghh]fs]. g[jpath]fs] rpyh]mth]fspy] gyh] nghapUg]ghh]fs]. g[jpath]fs] rpyh]mth]fspy] gyh] nghapUg]ghh]fs]. g[jpath]fs] rpyh]mth]fspy] gyh] nghapUg]ghh]fs]. g[jpath]fs] rpyh]mth]fspy] gyh] nghapUg]ghh]fs]. g[jpath]fs] rpyh]

te ]jpUf ]fpwhh ]fs] .te ]jpUf ]fpwhh ]fs] .te ]jpUf ]fpwhh ]fs] .te ]jpUf ]fpwhh ]fs] .te ]jpUf ]fpwhh ]fs] . xU Tl]lkhf ,a';Fk] nghJ

,g]gog] gyh] m';Fkp';Fk] te]J ngha]f] bfhz]oUg]ghh]fs].

ahh] ahh] te]jhh]fs] ahh]/ ahh] nghdhh]fs] vd]gJ

gpur]rid MfhJ. Tl]l ,af]fj]jpd] bghWg]g[ ahUf]F

vd]gJ jhd] gpur]rid. mg]go tUk] nghJ vdf]fpy]iy/

mtDf]F/ ,tDf]F vd]W jl]of] fHpf]f KoahJ.

mg]gog] ngRtJ gH';fhyj]J gs]spf]Tl igad]fs]

ngr ]R. xU Mgj]J tUk] nghJ/ xU tpgj ]J

neupl ]lnghJ/ ,J vdf]Fj] bjupahJ/ ,tidf]

141 C[kúRôhPm

nfS';fs]/ mtd]jhd] bghWg]g[ vd]bwy]yhk] ngRtJ

rpW gps ]isj]jdk] . mnj \r]rpy ] eh';fs] xU

,af]fkhf ,a';fpf ] bfhz]oUf]fpnwhk] vd]W

brhy]YtJk] mwpahik. mJ ek]ik ehnk Vkhw]wpf;

bfhs]tjhFk]. cjhuzj]jpw]F xd]W brhy]Yfpnwd]:ehDk] rpy ez]gh]fSk] fhtypy] ,Uf]Fk] nghJ eP';fs]

Kjy] rh]thjpfhupahfr] rpy Kot[fis nkw]bfhz]L

mky;gLj;jp elj]jpdPh]fs]. c';fSf]Fg] gpwF F";rd]

ehlhUk] ,g]go bray]gl]oUf]fpwhh]”.

“mg]goahf ele]j gy epfH]r]rpfs] rpyUf]F btWg]ghft[k]/

ntW rpyUf]F rpwg]ghft[k] glyhk]. ,d]Dk] ntof]ifahf

,Uf]Fk]. ,d]dpd]d jPh]khd';fs] epiwntw]wg]gLk]

nghJ ehd] rpiwapy] ,Ue]njd] . Mfnt me]j

jPh]khd';fs] vd]idf] fl]Lg]gLj]jkhl]lh vd]W ehd]

brhd]dhy]/ ,ijj]jhd] ahidiar] Rsthy] kiwg]gJ

vd]W brhy]Yfpwhh]fs]. Rsit itj]J ek] fz]iz

kiwj]Jf] bfhz]L ahidia kiwj]J tpl ]ljhf

vz]zpf] bfhz]oUf]fpw jpUg]jp. ,e]j ntof]ifia

ehk] bra]ath> ekf]Fj] bjupahky] ekf]F tpnuhjkhf

ek] ,af]fj]jpy] ahuhtJ EiHe]jpUe]jhy] mth]fis

mg]nghnj ,dk] fhl]oapUf]f ntz]Lk]. ,g]nghJ ehk]

milahsk] fhl ]l KoahJ. thjKfj]Jf]fhf

ahiuahtJ mg]go milahsk] fhl]odhy] nghJkh>

mJ bghUe]j ntz]lhkh> mJ tPz] Kaw]rp. nfhiHj]

jdj]jpd] beo mjpy] tPRfpwJ. Mfnt ,g]gog] ngRtjw]F

vd]dhy] cld]gl KoahJ. ehd] efurigj] jiytuhf

,Uf]Fk] nghJ ,uz]blhU Kiw Jg]g[ut[j] bjhHpshh]fs]

fpsh]r]rp bra]jpUf]fpwhh]fs]. mj]J kPwpg]nghd neuj]jpy]

ehd] mth]fis fz]oj]jpUf]fpnwd]. MdhYk]

rhf]filfs] epuk]gpg] nghd neuj]jpYk]/ ,y]y';fspy]

142 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Rj]jpj] bjhHpy] Kl';fpg] nghd neuj]jpYk]/ Jg]g[ut[j]

bjhHpyhsh]fs] Klf]fptpl]lhh]fs]. mjw]F ehd]

bghWg]gy]y vd]W ifia tpupj]jJ ,y]iy. bgupa

“r';fpyp”ahfnt epd]W g[fy] brhy]ypapUf]fpnwd].

Mfnt ahiua[k] tpl]Lf] bfhLj]njh/ jl]of] fHpj]njh/

ngRtJ gad]glhJ. ehrntiyfs] ele]Jtpl]ld vd]W

xj]Jf]bfhz]oUf]fpnwhk]. ,itfs] rh]f]fhh] Vtptpl]l

Fz]lh]fshy] (Agent provocateurs) Vw]gl]lit vd]W

mg]nghnj brhy]yp te]jpUf]fpnwhk]. mij ,g]nghJk]

brhy]nthk]. ele]J nghd ehr ntiyfSf]fhf/ ,we]J

nghd tPuh ]fSf]fhf/Cdg]gl]lj] njhHh]fSf]fhf

ntjidg]gLfpnwhk]/ Jaug]gLfpnwhk] vd]W mg]nghnj

brhy]yp te]jjpUf]fpnwhk]. mij ,g]nghJk] brhy]y Kd]

tUnthk ] . cld ]gof ]if Kd] totj ]ij ,e ]j

nfhzj]jpy] khw]wpaikf]f ntz]Lk], my]yJ ,ijf;

fhw]wpny gwf]ftpl ntz]Lk]” vd]W Koj]Jtpl]lhh].

(mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 3 3 3 3 307 07 07 07 07 & 308) 308) 308) 308) 308)

,jdhy] Kd] totk] totikf]fg]glhkny nghapw]W.

$!]o!] r';fud] tprhuizf] fkp#d] mwpf]ifa[k] btsp

te]Jtpl]lJ. Kjyikr]rUk]/ nghyP!]Jiw mikr]rUkhd

gl]lk] jhqgps]isf]F tPuthSk]/ nfilaKk] bfhLj]J mth]

ghuhl ]otpl ]lhh ] . ,jdhy] jp .j.eh.fhtpd] vjph ]fhyk]

,Uz]Ltpl ]ljhf xU gpuik bjd] jpUtpjh';Tupy ]

gug]gg]gl]lJ. kPl]rpg] ghijapy] te]j ey]ynjhh] re]jh]g]gj]ij

cijj]J js]sptpl]lhh] nerkzp vd]W rpy tl]lhu';fspy]

ngrg]gl]lJ. jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is 08.07.1954 md]W gHt';fho

ikjhdj]jpy] ngrpaJ nghd]W moj]J mlf]fptpl]lhh] vd]Wk]/

mjw]F vjpuhf jp .j.eh.fh. vLj]j midj]J gpd]

eltof]iffSk] njhw]Wg] nghapd vd]Wk] gug]gg]gl]ld. vd]d

elf]Fnkh vd]w Vf]fk] v';Fk] gutyhf fhzg]gl]lJ.

143 C[kúRôhPm

MdhYk] Mlhky] epd]whh] Mj';nfhl]L tPud]/ khh]#y]

nerkzp. (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] (mnj g[j]jfk] – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 309)))))

,';nf ele]njwpa epfH]r]rpfis Th]e]J Muha]e]jhy]

xU cz]ikiaf] fhz KofpwJ. ehlhh] kf]fisj] jtph]j]J/

jp.j.eh.fhtpy] CLUtp ,Ue]j kw]w rKjhaj]jth]fis;: brl]ofs]/

kPdth]fs]/ jypj ]Jf]fs]/ bts]shsh]fs; ; ,Ryhkpah ]fs]

nghd]nwhh] ehlhh]fis kl]Lk] rhjpapd] mog]gilapy]

xJf]fg ]gl ]Ltpl ]ldh] vd]gJ g [ydhFk]. midj]J rhjpj ]

jiyth]fSk]/ jpU.mg]Jy] urhf]if tpLj]J/ jkpHh]fs] kPJ

,Hpitr] Rkj]Jtjw]nf f';fzk] fl]odh]. MdhYk] khh]#y]

nerkzpapd] be";Ruj]jpd] Kd]g [ mth]fs] njhy]tpiaf]

fz]ldh]. jpU. nerkzpa[k; j';fisg;nghd;W nfhiHahfj;jhd;

,Ug;ghh; vd;W vz;zpdh;.

59. kPl]g[f]F neuhf nerkzp 59. kPl]g[f]F neuhf nerkzp 59. kPl]g[f]F neuhf nerkzp 59. kPl]g[f]F neuhf nerkzp 59. kPl]g[f]F neuhf nerkzp :kPl ]g [g ] ghijapy] te ]j ey]ynjhh ] re ]jh ]g ]gj ]ij

cijj]Jj] js]sptpl]lhh] nerkzp vd]W rpy tl]lhu';fspy]

ngr ]Rf ]fs] gykhf ele]jd. ,jdhy] rpy motUofs]

jp.j.eh.fh';fpuir tpl]L btspnawptplt[k] rpe]jpj]J te]jdh].

,th]fs] ahh] vd]W nfl]fpwPh]fsh> moik xg]ge]jj]Jf]F Kd]

totk] bfhLj]j me]j nuhl]lwpf] FGkk]jhd]. Mdhy] jpU.nerkzp

milahW Mykuk] nghd]W mirahky] epd]whh]. Mifahy]

kPl]gpd] Kd]ndhir mth] fhJfspy] xypf]fj] bjhl';fpw]W.

12 .12 .1954-y ] vh ]zhFsj]jpy ] j pU.khjtd] ehah ]

j i y i k a p y ] e l e ] j f h ' ; f p u ! ] f d ] b t d ] # d p y ] /

gdk]g ps ]sp nfhtpe ]jnkdd] xU Kf]fpa jPh ]khdj]ijf]

bfhz]L te]jhh ] .

“… g pu$h nrh#payp!]L rh ]f ]fhUf]Fj] jh';fs]

mspj]J te]j xj]JiHg]ig epWj]jpf] bfhz]L kw]w

144 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

vjph]fl]rpfisg] nghy jh';fSk] xU vjph]fl]rpahf

,a';f ntz]Lk] vd]W xU jPh]khdk] bfhz]L te]jhh].

xUth] e P' ;fyhf ,e]j jPh ]khdk] Vfkhdjhf

Vw]Wf] bfhs]sg]gl]lJ”. (mg]Jy] urhf] (mg]Jy] urhf] (mg]Jy] urhf] (mg]Jy] urhf] (mg]Jy] urhf] – nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp nerkzp

xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg]gk] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg]gk] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg]gk] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg]gk] xU rupj ]jpuj ] jpUg]gk] – gf ]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 311) 311) 311) 311) 311)

,e]jj] jPh ]khdj]ij vLj]Jf] bfhz]L jpU.khjtd]

ehah]/ ,e]jpaj] njrpaf] fh';fpu!] ghh ]ybkd]whp nghh ]L

m';fPfhuk] ntz]o oy]ypf]Fg] gwe]jhh]. m';fPfhuk] mspg]gij

jil bra]jpLk] nehf ]fj ]njhL/ Kjyikr]rh ] gl ]lk ]

jhqgps]isa[k] mLj]j tpkhdj]jpy] oy]yp tpiue]jhh]. gpujkh]

$tQh]yhy] neUita[k]/ cs]Jiw mikr]rh] ifyh#]ehj]

fl]$%ita[k] gl]lk] re]jpj]jhh]. MapDk] ork]gh] 16-k] njjpna

fh';fpu!] ghh ]ybkd]whp nghh ]L jPh ]khdj]Jf]F jdJ

m';fPfhuj ]ij mspj ]Jtpl ]lJ. rl ]lkd]wj ]jpy ] Kf]fpa

vjph ]fl ]rpahf cl]fhh ]e ]J bfhz]L rpWghd]ik fl]rpf ]F

mikr]ruit mikj]jpl fh';fpu!] fl]rp Mjut[ mspj]J

te]jhYk]/ mikr]ruitapy] mJ neuoahf g';F bfhs]stpy]iy.

fh';fpurhfnt Kd]te]J jpU.jhqgps]isf]F Mjut[f]fuk]

e Pl ]oanj jtpu/ jpU.jhqgps]isapd] ntz]LnfhSf]F

,z';fpay]y ,e]j Vw]ghl]il fh';fpu!] bra]jJ. mjw]F rpy

fhuz';fs] cz]L. jpU.jhqgps]isapd] njh]jy] Tl]lhspfshd

,lJrhupfSld] mth ] nrh ]e ]J tplf ;TlhJ vd;gJjhd;

,th ;fsJ epge ;jidaw;w Mjut[f ]Ff; fhuzk]. mg ]go

epge ]jidaw]w Mjut[ mspj ]jhYk]/ rpy tp#a';fspy]/

Fwpg]ghf jpl]lg]gzpfis bray]gLj]Jtjw]F Kd]g[ fh';fpu!]

fl]rpia fye]jhnyhrpf]f ntz]Lk] vd]w vGjg]glhj xg]ge]jk]

xd]Wk] bra]ag]gl]oUe]jJ. Mdhy] ,e]j xg]ge]jj]ij gl]lk]

muR kPwptpl ]lJ vd]W fh';fpu!] tl ]lhuk ] ,g ]nghJ

KWKWj]jJ. jtput[k ] / bjd] jhYfhf]fspy] jkpHh ] –

145 C[kúRôhPm

kiyahsp vd]w ntWghl]il cUthf]fp/ jkpHh ]fs] kPJ

td]bfhLikfSk]/ Jg ]ghf ]fpr ] R {LfSk] gp .v!;.g p .

muR cUthf]fp tpl ]lJ vd]Wk] mJ Mj';fg ]gl ]lJ.

,itfSf]bfy]yhk] rkhjhdkhf/ gl]lk] jhqgps]is gpujkh]

$tQh]yhy] neUtpd] foj';fSf]F jp.j.eh.fh. jiyth]

jpU.gp.uhkrhkp gps]is fhl]oa kupahijapd]ikiaa[k]/ mJ

jtwhdJ vd]Wk]/ bjhlh]e ]J muR nkw]bfhz]l rkhjhd

Kaw]rpfisbay]yhk] mJ g[wk] js]sptpl]lJ vd]Wk] rkhjhdk]

Twpdhh]. gz]oj neUt[f]F jp.j.eh.fh kPJ Vw]gl]oUe]j rpW

kd tUj]jj]ij kpf yhtz]zpakhf ,';nf gad]gLj]jpf]

bfhz]lhh] Kjyikr]rh] jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is.

mjdhy]/ ghh]ybkd]wwp nghh]L mspj]j m';fPfhuj]ij

uj]J bra]ahkny/ jiyth] vd]w Kiwapy] gz]oj neU xU

khw]W Mnyhridiaj] je]jhh ] . mjd]go jpU – bfhr]rp

rl]lkd]w fh';fpu!] fl]rp KG Rje]jpuj]njhL xU vjph]fl]rpahf

,a';f ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]/ mnj neuk] rl]lkd]wj]ij fiyj]J

tpLtjw]fhd xU R{H]epiyia m';nf cUthf]fhky] ghh]j]Jf]

bfhs]s ntz]Lk] vd]Wk] ,Ue]jJ me]j Mnyhrid. ,jdhy]

fh';fpu!] fl]rpf]F ,ul]ilg] bghWg]g[ cUthapw]W. xd]W/

FoauRj] jiyth] Ml]rp Vw]gl]L tplf]TlhJ. mLj]jJ gp.v!].gp.

muR/ mjhtJ jpU. gl]lk] jhqgps]is fk]a{dp!]Lfs] gpoapy]

rpf]fptplf]TlhJ. Mifahy] fh';fpurpd] ,e]j ,ul]ilg]

bghWg]gpd] cs]nehf]fj]ij jpU.gl]lk]jhqgps]is ed]whf

czh]e]J bfhz]lhh]. mjhtJ/ czu Koe]jJ. vdpDk]

fh';fpu!] fl]rp jlk] g[uz]L ntW fl]rpapd] xj]JiHg]g[ld]

muirg] gpog]gjw]fhd tha]g]g[ cUthfpapUg]gija[k] mth]

m';nf fz]lhh]. fh';fpurpd] ,e]j epiyiaj]jhd] “,Uz]l,Uz]l,Uz]l,Uz]l,Uz]l

nkfj]jpy] bts]spf]fPw]W bjspe]njhLtijnkfj]jpy] bts]spf]fPw]W bjspe]njhLtijnkfj]jpy] bts]spf]fPw]W bjspe]njhLtijnkfj]jpy] bts]spf]fPw]W bjspe]njhLtijnkfj]jpy] bts]spf]fPw]W bjspe]njhLtij” jpU.nerkzp

fz]lhh] vd]W Fwpg]gpLtjd] bghUs].

146 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

60. bts]spf]fPw]iwj] njo 60. bts]spf]fPw]iwj] njo 60. bts]spf]fPw]iwj] njo 60. bts]spf]fPw]iwj] njo 60. bts]spf]fPw]iwj] njo :

jpUtpjh';Th ] – bfhr ]r p e Pjpkd]w';fspy] e Pjp

jilgl]lJ. murpay] jPh]t[ fhz]gjw]Fk] ,';nf tHpiaf]

fhztpy]iy. gp .v!].g p murplkpUe]J jp .j.eh.fh.t [f ]F

tpLf]fg]gl]l jPh]t[ miHg]gpYk] fz]zpak] fhzg]gltpy]iy.

gl]lj]jpd] fhy]fspy] brd]W tPH]e]J mo gzpa ntz]Lk] vd]W

rpy cah] epiyapdh] miyfpd]wdh]. rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fspy]

VG ngiu gl]lk] muR rpiwapyilj]jpUf]fpwJ. kw]w Itupy]

ehd]F ngh]fs] kPJ tHf]Ffs] gjpt[ bra]J/ ifJ bra]J

rpiwapy] milg]gjw]F jPtpu Kaw]rpapy] jhqgps]is muR

,w';fpa[s]sJ. xUth] neha] tha]g]gl]L kUj]Jtkidapy]

rpfpl]ir bgw]W tUfpwhh]. ,itfSf]F vy]yhk] nkyhf rupe]J

tpl ]l epiyapy] cs]s jp.j.eh.fhit kPz]Lk] cap+l]l

ntz]oa[s]sJ. Mfnt vd]d bra]tJ vd]W khh]#y] jPtpur]

rpe]jidapy] MH]e]J tpl]lhh]. jpObud mth] xU Kot[f]F te]J

tpl ]lhh ] . Kd]g [ brhy]yg ]gl ]l “bts]spf ]f Pw ]iw” ed]F

gad]gLj]jpf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]. ed]whf gad]gLj]jp gp.v!].gp

muir moj]J tPH]j]j ntz]Lk]. mjw]fhd tHpfis Muhaj]

bjhl';fpdhh]. jdJ mDgt';fspypUe]J mth] fw]Wf] bfhz]l

gog]gpid “jd] brhe;jf; fhypy] epw]f ntz]Lk]” vd]gnj.

61. gpuhkzh]fs] cjtp 61. gpuhkzh]fs] cjtp 61. gpuhkzh]fs] cjtp 61. gpuhkzh]fs] cjtp 61. gpuhkzh]fs] cjtp :

Kjypy] cs]nsapUf]fpd]w rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fis

rpiw kPl ]f ntz]Lk] . btspna ,Uf]fpd]w rl ]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh]fs] gak] ,y]yhky] Rje]jpukhf elkhl ntz]Lk].

mg]goahdhy]jhd] ,e]j gd]dpU rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSk]

kw]wth]fspd] Rje]jpuj]jpd] jpwt[nfhiy ifapny vLj]J

tUthh]fs]. ,jw]fhd Kaw]rpapy] jpU.nerkzp ,w';fpdhh].

Mfnt ,e]j Kiwapy] mtrpakhd vy]yh rl]l Mnyhridfisa[k]

147 C[kúRôhPm

Kiwg]gLj]jp mitfis eilKiwg]gLj]Jtjw]Fj]

njitahd cjtpfis btspapypUe]J bgw ]Wf]bfhs]s

ntz]Lk] vd]W jpU.nerkzp/ jpU.mg]Jy] urhf]if gzpj]jhh].

mtUk] ,t]tHpapy] ,w';fptpl]lhh].

“,J tp#akhf ehd] Kjypy] re]jpj ]jJ \jwp"h]

uh$h$pia. jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp epiyikia kpf

ed]whfnt mwpe ]jpUe]j mtUf]F ehd] brhd]d

tpsf]fj]ij kpfr] Rygkhf g[upe]J bfhs]s Koe]jJ.

vLj]j vLg]gpnyna ,e]j gpur]ridf]F cr]r ePjpkd]wk]

(Supreme Court) xd]Wjhd] g[fy] brhy]y Koa[k] vd]W

brhy]yptpl]lhh].

“kf]fs]/ e Pjpkd]w';fs] kPJ ek]g pf ]if ,He]J

tpl]lhh]fns vd]W ehd] kiyj]njd]. rl]lg] gpur]ridfSf]F

ePjpkd]w';fs] tHpahfj]jhd] Kot[ fhz Koa[k ] vd]W

rpupj]Jf] bfhz]nl vd]idf] nfl]lhh]. jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp

cah]ePjpkd]wk] tiua[s]s vy]yh ePjpkd]w';fSk] mspj]j

jPh ]g ]g [fs] v';fSf]F vjpuhfg] nghapUf]fpd]wd. $!]o!]

r';fud] tprhuizf] fkp#d] mspf]Fk] jPh]g]g[k] v';fSf]F

vjpuhfg] nghFk] vd]W bjupfpwJ. me]j epiyapy] cr]r

ePjpkd]wk] ,th]fs] jPh]g]g[fis g[wf]fzpj]Jtpl]L v';fSf]F

Mjuthf xU jPh ]g ]ig tH';Fkh vd]W ehd] nfl ;nld; .

Mr';if tuyhk]. mjw]fhf cr]r ePjpkd]wj]ij mqfhky]

ntW vd]d tHpiaj] njLtPh]fs] vd]W vd]idf] nfl]lhh]fs].

cr]r ePjpkd]wk]jhd] ,jw]Fr] rupahd ePjp tH';f Koa[k].

mjw]fhf Fw]wtpay] tHpKiwr] rl]lj]jpy] xU gpupt[ cw';fpf]

bfhz]oUf]fpwJ. vg]nghjhtJ xU ntsh ntisapy]jhd]

mJ tpHpg]g[wr] bray]gLfpwJ. mijf] gad]gLj]jp eP';fSk]

c';fs] KiwaPl]ilj] bjupag]gLj]jyhk]. xU ntis bryt[

mjpfg]gLk] vd]W epidj]jhy] nrhjidf]fhf rpyiu kl]Lk]

148 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

kDjhuh]fshf itj]J Kiwaplyhk]/ vd]W rpupj]jthnw

brhy]ypf] bfhz]L ntW rupahd rl]l Mnyhrid vLj]Jf]

bfhs]SkhWk] vd]idf] nfl]Lf] bfhz]lhh]. ehd] nfl]Lf]

bfhs]shkny/ vd]ndhL te]jpUe]j vd] ez]gh] H.D. uh$hitg]

ghh]j]J “,th]fSf]F cjtp njitg]gLk]” vd]W fdpnthL

brhy]yp itj]jhh]. ,jd] gpwF bly]ypapy] cr]r ePjpkd]wj]jpy]

gzpg[upa[k] tHf]fwp"h] jpU.fzgjp Iaiua[k] Mnyhridf;fhff]

fye]Jbfhz]L/ mnj nfhh]l]oy] jiyrpwe]j \j]j tHf]fwp"h]fspy]

xUtuhd N.C. rhl]lh]$pia ,UKiw re]jpj]Jg] ngrpndd]”.

“… mtUk] uh$h$p brhd]d mnj mgpg]gpuhaj]ijj]jhd]

bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . TLjyhf mth] ntbwhd]Wk]

brhd]dhh]. mjhtJ ‘nrhjid Xl]lj]jpw]fhf’ vd]W

kDjhuh ]fs] vz]zpf ]ifia Fiwf]f ntz]lhk]

vd]Wk]/ jpUtpjh';Th] bfhr]rpapy] jhf]fyhfpapUe]j

mj]jid nfR vjpupfisa[k ] cs]slf]fpj ]jhd]

kDf]fs] jhf]fy] bra]ag]gl ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]/ mg]gor]

bra]tjhy] bkhj]j brytlf]fKk] Fiwa[k]. mnj

rkak] nfRfspd] ntfKk] KGikahf btspg]gLk]

vd]Wk] Mnyhrid jug]gl]lJ”.

“Mfnt jp .j .eh .fh. bjhz]lh ]fs ] / jiyth ]fs ] /

rk ]ge ]jg ]gl ]l vy ]yh tHf ]Ffisa[k ] mz]il khepyf ]

nfhh ]l ]LfSf ]F khw ]wk ] bra ]a cr ]r e Pj pkd ]wj ]j py ]

kDf ]fs ] jhf ]fy ] bra ]a [k ] KonthLk ] / mjw ]fhd

tHpKiwfisa[k] ifapy] vLj]Jf] bfhz]L nerkzpapd]

m' ;f Pfhuj ]Jf ]fhf ehd ] Ch ] te ]njd ]…” . (nkw ]go(nkw ]go(nkw ]go(nkw ]go(nkw ]go

g [j ]jfk ] g [j ]jfk ] g [j ]jfk ] g [j ]jfk ] g [j ]jfk ] – gf ]fk ] 314 gf ]fk ] 314 gf ]fk ] 314 gf ]fk ] 314 gf ]fk ] 314 – 315) 315) 315) 315) 315)

,J Fwpj]J jiyth] jpU. gp. uhkrhkpg]gps]isiaa[k]

bghJr ] brayh ] j pU.Mh ] .bghd]dg ]g ehlhiua[k ] / ,sk]

tHf]fwp"h] jpU.gf]+jPd] Mjj]ija[k] fye]J Mnyhrpf]f

149 C[kúRôhPm

ntz]Lk ] vd ]W j pU.nerkzp t pUk ]g pajhy ] mth ]fs ]

miHf]fg]gl]ldh]. clnd mth]fSk] te]Jtpl]ldh]. Mdhy]

,e ]j tHpKiwapy ] ek ]g pf ]if Vw ]gltpy ]iy

jpU.gp.uhkrhkpgps]isf]F. cr]r ePjpkd]wj ]jpy ] tHf]Fj]

bjhlh ]tjhapd ] / g p .v! ] .g p . mur pd ] Fnuhjk ] nkYk ]

mjpfupf]Fk] vd]Wk]/ mjdhy] rpiwfspy] thLgth]fSf]F

mjpf Jd]gk] cUthFk] vd]Wk] mth] M+lk] Twpdhh ] .

Mdhy] jpU.nerkzp mth] ngr ]ir tHpkwpj ]J/ VjhtJ

fz]zpakhd cld]ghl ]Lf ]F muR tUtjhf ,Ue]jhy ]

cr ]re Pj pkd]w jhthit jpUk ]gg ] bgw ]W tplyhk ] vd ;w

KonthL/ cr ]r e Pj pkd]wj ]j py ] jhth bjhlh ]tJ vd]W

KobtLf]fg]gl]lJ.

fhytpiuaj]ij jtph ]f ]Fk ] tifapy ] md]wpunt

gpugy tHf ]fwp"h ] ijf ]fhL Rg ]g pukzpa ma]aiu

bjhlh ]g [ bfhz]L ,e ]j Koit bjuptpj ]J/ cr ]r

ePjpkd]wj ]jpy ] Fw ]wtpay] eltof]ifr ] rl ]lk ] 527 Mk]

gpupt[g]go jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rpapy] tprhuizapy] ,Ue]J

te]j 11 tHf]Ffisa[k] mz]il khepykhd brd]id cah]

e Pj pkd]wj ]Jf ]F khw ]Wtjw ]fhd kDf]fSk] /

cWjpbkhHpfSk] jahupf ]fg ]gl ]ld. kDjhuh ]fspd ]

vz]zpf]ifnah 234. kDf]fisa[k]/ cWjpbkhHpfisa[k]

jahhpf]Fk] bghWg]g[ jpU.nerkzpaplk] tpl]lhh] jpU.ijf]fhL

Rg]gpukzpa ma]ah ] . ,uhg ]gfy] vd]W ghuhky] ,itfs;

jahupf ;fg ;gl ;L/ ma]aupd] ghh ]itf]F itf]fg ]gl ]L/ KG

totk] bgw]wd. ,jw]fpilna $!]o!] r';fud] fkp#d]

mwpf ]if 21 .12 .1954-y ] j pUtpjh' ;Th ] muR bf$l]oy ]

btspahdJ. vjph]ghh]j]jJ nghd]W/ muRf]F rhjfkhft[k]/

nghyP!] eltof ]iffis epahag ]gLj ]j p mth ]fSf]F

ghuhl]Lk] je]J jPh]g]gspj]jpUe]jhh] $!]o!].

150 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

,e]j KiwaPL kDf]fis vt]thW jpU.nerkzp jahh]

bra]jhh ] vd]gijf] Fwpj ]J jpU.mg]Jy] urhf ] ,t]thW

TWfpwhh]:-

“md]Wk ] (21 . 12 . 1954) kWehSk] mth ] vg ]go

,a';fpdhh] vd]gij btWk] thh]j]ijfspy] tptupj]J

tpl KoahJ. mth] FoapUe]j tPL kpf rpwpa thlif

tPL. bfhs ]sst[f ]F nkyhf m';F Tl ]lk ] .

cwtpdh]fSk]/ kw]wth]fSk]/ tPl]ow]F cs]nsa[k]

btspnaa [k ] Jauj ]j pd ] rhay ] . cjtpahl ]fs ]

epidj]j neuj]jpy] fpilf]fkhl]lhh]fs]. njitahd

Fwpg ]g [fSk] gj ]jpupiffSk] m';F Kiwg]gLj]jp

itf]fg ]gltpy]iy. ehDk]/ gf ]+jpDk]/ n$k]Rk]

,ilapilna mtUf]F cjtj ]jhd ] bra ]njhk ] .

MdhYk] ,ut[ gfbyd]Wk] ghuhky]/ mqfp te]J

bfhz]oUe ]j f pw p! ]Jk!]i!a[k ] vz]zhky ]

gk ]gukhff ] fw';fpdhh ] . mg ]nghJ mth ] fhl ]oa

,af]f ntfj]ij mtuplk] ehd] vg]nghJnk fz]ljpy]iy.

g[aypy] Rw]Wk] fhw]whiy nghy ,a';fpdhh] vd]why]

mJ jFk]. (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] (mnj g [j ]jfk] – gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] – 317 317 317 317 317 & 318) 318) 318) 318) 318)

,tUila mghu Kaw]rpahy] 31.12.1954-f]F Kd]g [

bly]yp cr]r ePjpkd]wj]jy] 680 of 1954; 681 of 1954; 682 of1954; 683 of 1954 vd]W ehd]F tHf]Ffs] jhf]fyhfptpl]ld.

mjid tprhuizf]F Vw ]Wf ]bfhz]l cr ]re Pj pkd]wk ]

Kjy] tha]jh 27.01.1955 vd]W mwptpj]Jtpl]lJ. ,e]j cr]r

ePjpkd]w tHf]Ffisj; jhf]fy] bra]tjJk]/ mJ rhh]ghd

Mnyhridfisj] je]jJk] gpuhkz tHf]fwp"h]fnsahth].

ntW khepy cah]ePjpkd]wj]Jf]F tHf]Ffis ,lkhw]wk]

bra]tjw]fhd rl]lr]ruj]ij czh]j;jpath] _uh$nfhgyhr]rhhpahh]

Mthh]. jtput[k] tHf]FfSf]Fj] njitg]gl]l epjpiaj]

151 C[kúRôhPm

je]jth]fSk] Ie]J me]jzh]fns. mth]fs] Kiwna T.V.S.fpU#]zh/ jpU.H.D .uh$h (M.P) ,e ]j pad] t' ;f p cah ]

mjpfhupfs] \th] Mth].

nkny Fwpg]gpl]l ehd]F tHf]FfspYk] kDjhuh]fspd]

nfhupf]if xd]whfntapUe]jd. ePjpapd] bghUl]L kDjhuh]fs]

rk]ge]jg]gl]l Fw]wtpay] tHf]Ffs] midj]Jk] brd]id khepy

ePjpkd]w';fSf]F khw]wyhf ntz]Lk] vd]W nfhug]gl]oUe]jJ.

,jd] tprhuiz 27.01.1955 vd eph]zapf]fg]gl]Ltpl]lJ. ,e]j

tHf]if Kd]dpd]W elj]Jtjw]fhf jpU.nerkzpa[k ] /

jpU.urhf]Fk] 21.01.1955 md]nw bly]ypf]F g[wg]gl]Ltpl]ldh].

md]W uapypy]jhd] gazk] bra]a ntz]Lk]. Fiwe]jJ 4

ehl]fshtJ ntz]Lk] oy]yp brd]W nrUtjw]F. ,th]fisg]

nghd]W ijf]fhl]L jpU.Rg]gpukzpa IaUk]/ bly]yp

g[wg]gl]Ltpl]lhh]. uapy] gazj]jpd]nghJ \zhwpy] md]W

iQnt fkp#duhf ,Ue]J jpU.nerkzpf] FGtpdiu Kjy]

Kjyhf ifJ bra]J rpiwapy] milj]j jpU.mbyf]!hz]lUk]

mnj uapypy] ,th]fSlnd gazpj]Jf] bfhz]oUe]jhh]. khepyg]

gzpapy] ,Ue]J tpLtpj]Jf] bfhz]L kj]jpa muRg]

gzpnaw]gjw]fhf mth] oy]yp bry]tjhf mtnu Twpf]

bfhz]lhh]. midtUk] RKfkhf mstshtpf] bfhz]ldh].

midtUk] bly]yp brd]wile]j cld] tHf]fwp"h] jpU.fzgjp

Iaupd] mYtyfj]jpw ]Fr] brd]W tHf]F rhh ]g [ila

tp#a';fis myrp Muha]e]jdh]. mLj]j ehs] (27.01.1955) tHf]F

tprhuizf]F jiyik ePjpgjp B.K.Kf]fh]$p jiyikapy]

ePjpkd]wk] Tow]W. mtnuhL ePjpgjp jpU.tptpypad]ngh!]/

ePjpgjp jpU.B.b$fehj]jh!]/ ePjpgjp jpU.T.R.bt';fl]uhk Iah]

MfpnahUk] cld] ,Ue]jdh].

kDjhuh]fspd] tHf]fwp"h] jpU.Rg]gpukzpa Iauplk]

e Pjpgjp jpU. b$fehjjh!] “kDtpy] Twg ]gl ]Ls]s 13

152 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Fw]wr]rhl]Lfspy] ve]j Fw]wr]rhl]L kpf Kf]fpa Fw]wr]rhl]L”vd]W nfl]lhh]. mjw]Fg] gjpy] brhy]tjw]F Kd]ghf jiyik

ePjpgjpaplkpUe]J xU nfs]tp vGk]gpaJ. midj]Jf]

Fw]wr]rhl]Lfspd] RUf]fj]ij xU thf]fpaj]jpy] RUf]fkhfr]

brhy]Y';fs] vd]whh ] mth ] . ,jw]F tHf]fwp"h ]

jpU.Rg]gpukzpa Iah]:

“jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp bjd]ghfj]jpy] xU !]jk]gpj]j

epiy Vw]gl]oUf]fpwJ. g";rhaj]J mYtyf';fs]/

Kd]rpg]gy] brayf';fs]/ ePjpkd]w';fs] Kjypait

rupahfr; bray]gltpy]iy. ,e]j !]jy!]jhgd';fspd]

jiyth]fs] gyUk]/ tHf]fwp"h ]fspy] rpyUk]/

rpiwapypUf]fpwhh]fs]. mJ nghynt rl]lg] nguitapy]

,Uf]f ntz]oa kf]fs] gpujpepjpfs] rpiwapypUf]fpwhh]fs].

,th]fs] $hkPdpy] btspna te]jhy] bjhLf]fg]gl]oUf]Fk]

tHf]Ffis Fiyj]J tpLthh ]fs] vd]W

brhy]yg]gLfpwJ. mth]fSf]Fj]jhd] mg]gobad]why]

jpUtpjh';Th ] – bfhr ]r pf ]F btspna jtpj ]Jf]

bfhz]oUf]Fk] 3000-f ]Fk] mjpfkhd cs]~h]

jkpHh]fSf]F cs]nsa[k] tu Koatpy]iy/ epiyik

mt]tst[ r Ph ]bfl ]L ,Ug]gjhy] neu ]ikahd/

ePjpg{h]tkhd tprhuiz m';F eilbgWtjw]F tha]g]g[

,y]iy” vd]W gjpy] je]jhh].

mnj ntisapy] ePjpgjp bt';fl]uhk Iah] nfl]lhh]:“ele]J Koe]j ePjp tprhuizf] fkp#d] mwpf]if c';fis

vt]thW ghjpf]Fk]” vd]w nfs]tpia vGg]gpdhh]. ,jw]F

gjpyhf tHf]fwp"h] Rg]gpukzpa Iah]: “mwpf]if mspj]j

ePjpgjp r';fud] mth]fspd] Kot[f]F vjpuhf mtupd] fPH]

gzpahw]Wfpd]w ve]j k$p!]l]nul] my]yJ ve]j ePjpgjp fUj]J

bjuptpg]ghh]” vd]whh]. ,j]Jld; kDjhuh]fs] rhh]g[ tprhuiz

153 C[kúRôhPm

Koe]j epiyapy] vjph]kDjhuh] jug]g[ tHf]fwp"h] jpU. khj]jpa{

\upf]fid ghh]j]J/ ePjpgjp tptpad]ngh!] nfl]lhh]:

“vjph ]kDjhuh ] jug ]g py ] jhf ]fy] bra]ag ]gl ]l

cWjpbkhHpapYk] jkpHh] kiyahspfSf]fpilna nghl]o

g{ry]fSk]/ t";rKk] epyt[tjhf brhy]yg]gl]oUf]fpwJ. me]j

epiyapy] mz]il khepyj]jpYs]s xU ePjpkd]wj ]jpy ] ;jkpHnuh/ kiyahspnah my]yhj xU ePjpgjpiaf] bfhz]L

tprhuiz elj]Jtjpy] c';fSf]F kWg]g [ vd]d>” vd]W

nfl]lhh ] . mjw]F mth] “m';nfa[k ] kiyahsp tpnuhj

kdg]ghd]ik nknyh';fp ,Uf]fpwJ. Mfnt neh]ikahd/

eLepiyik tha]e]j tprhuizf]F m';nfa[k] tha]g]gpUf]f

KoahJ” vd]W gjpy] je]jhh]. ,j]Jlnd tprhuiz Koe]J

ePjpkd]wk] fiye]jJ.

rpwpJ neuj]jpy] epjpkd]wk] kPz]Lk] ToaJ. jdJ

jPh]g]ig btspapl]lJ.

“kDjhuh]fs] rk]ge]jg]gl]l jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp

nfRfis ikR{h] cah]ePjpkd]w mjpfhu tuk]gpw]F

cl]gl ]l ePjpkd]w';fSf]F khw ]wyhFk] cj]jut[

gpwg]gpf]fg]gLfpwJ” vd]w jPh]g]g[ btspahdJ.

ePjpkd]w miwapypUe]J jpU.nerkzp/ePjpkd]w miwapypUe]J jpU.nerkzp/ePjpkd]w miwapypUe]J jpU.nerkzp/ePjpkd]w miwapypUe]J jpU.nerkzp/ePjpkd]w miwapypUe]J jpU.nerkzp/

nghh ]f ]fsj]jpy] btw]wpthifr] R{oa xU khh ]#ypd]nghh ]f ]fsj]jpy] btw]wpthifr] R{oa xU khh ]#ypd]nghh ]f ]fsj]jpy] btw]wpthifr] R{oa xU khh ]#ypd]nghh ]f ]fsj]jpy] btw]wpthifr] R{oa xU khh ]#ypd]nghh ]f ]fsj]jpy] btw]wpthifr] R{oa xU khh ]#ypd]

fk]g Puj ]njhL btspna te]J bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . fk]g Puj ]njhL btspna te]J bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . fk]g Puj ]njhL btspna te]J bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . fk]g Puj ]njhL btspna te]J bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . fk]g Puj ]njhL btspna te]J bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . ,t;thW,t;thW,t;thW,t;thW,t;thW

bra;tjw;fhpar; braiyr; bra;jjpdhy;jhd jpU. nerkzpbra;tjw;fhpar; braiyr; bra;jjpdhy;jhd jpU. nerkzpbra;tjw;fhpar; braiyr; bra;jjpdhy;jhd jpU. nerkzpbra;tjw;fhpar; braiyr; bra;jjpdhy;jhd jpU. nerkzpbra;tjw;fhpar; braiyr; bra;jjpdhy;jhd jpU. nerkzp

xU khh ;#iyg;nghd;W btw;wpg ; g [d ;dif bfhz;lhh ; .xU khh ;#iyg;nghd;W btw;wpg ; g [d ;dif bfhz;lhh ; .xU khh ;#iyg;nghd;W btw;wpg ; g [d ;dif bfhz;lhh ; .xU khh ;#iyg;nghd;W btw;wpg ; g [d ;dif bfhz;lhh ; .xU khh ;#iyg;nghd;W btw;wpg ; g [d ;dif bfhz;lhh ; .

njh ;jy; g pur ;rhuj ;jpd ;nghJ nerkzpapd; khh ;#y;njh ;jy; g pur ;rhuj ;jpd ;nghJ nerkzpapd; khh ;#y;njh ;jy; g pur ;rhuj ;jpd ;nghJ nerkzpapd; khh ;#y;njh ;jy; g pur ;rhuj ;jpd ;nghJ nerkzpapd; khh ;#y;njh ;jy; g pur ;rhuj ;jpd ;nghJ nerkzpapd; khh ;#y;

gl ;lj ;ij fpz;ly; bra;j bgUe;jiyth ; fhkuh$Uf;Fgl ;lj ;ij fpz;ly; bra;j bgUe;jiyth ; fhkuh$Uf;Fgl ;lj ;ij fpz;ly; bra;j bgUe;jiyth ; fhkuh$Uf;Fgl ;lj ;ij fpz;ly; bra;j bgUe;jiyth ; fhkuh$Uf;Fgl ;lj ;ij fpz;ly; bra;j bgUe;jiyth ; fhkuh$Uf;F

,g;nghJ g [h pe ;jpUf;Fk; Fkhpj ;je;ijf;F ahh ; ,g ;nghJ g [h pe ;jpUf;Fk; Fkhpj ;je;ijf;F ahh ; ,g ;nghJ g [h pe ;jpUf;Fk; Fkhpj ;je;ijf;F ahh ; ,g ;nghJ g [h pe ;jpUf;Fk; Fkhpj ;je;ijf;F ahh ; ,g ;nghJ g [h pe ;jpUf;Fk; Fkhpj ;je;ijf;F ahh ; "khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;"gl ;lk ; je ;jJ vd;W gl ;lk ; je ;jJ vd;W gl ;lk ; je ;jJ vd;W gl ;lk ; je ;jJ vd;W gl ;lk ; je ;jJ vd;W "bgUe;jiyth ;bgUe;jiyth ;bgUe;jiyth ;bgUe;jiyth ;bgUe;jiyth ;" gl ;lk ; nghd;W gl ;lk ; nghd;W gl ;lk ; nghd;W gl ;lk ; nghd;W gl ;lk ; nghd;W

154 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

"khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;khh ;#y;" gl ;lKk; filr ;ruf ;F my;y vd;W g [u pe ;J gl ;lKk; filr ;ruf ;F my;y vd;W g [u pe ;J gl ;lKk; filr ;ruf ;F my;y vd;W g [u pe ;J gl ;lKk; filr ;ruf ;F my;y vd;W g [u pe ;J gl ;lKk; filr ;ruf ;F my;y vd;W g [u pe ;J

bfhs;S';fs;. bfhs;S';fs;. bfhs;S';fs;. bfhs;S';fs;. bfhs;S';fs;. mt]tikak] mt]tikak] mt]tikak] mt]tikak] mt]tikak] jpU.vd].rp.rhl]lhh]$p mth]fs]jpU.vd].rp.rhl]lhh]$p mth]fs]jpU.vd].rp.rhl]lhh]$p mth]fs]jpU.vd].rp.rhl]lhh]$p mth]fs]jpU.vd].rp.rhl]lhh]$p mth]fs]

jpU.nerkzpapd] ,Ufu';fisa[k] jpU.nerkzpapd] ,Ufu';fisa[k] jpU.nerkzpapd] ,Ufu';fisa[k] jpU.nerkzpapd] ,Ufu';fisa[k] jpU.nerkzpapd] ,Ufu';fisa[k] gw ]wp thH]j ]Jj]gw ]wp thH]j ]Jj]gw ]wp thH]j ]Jj]gw ]wp thH]j ]Jj]gw ]wp thH]j ]Jj]

bjuptpj ]J jdJ kfpH ]r ]r pia gupkhwpf ] bfhz]lhh ] .bjuptpj ]J jdJ kfpH ]r ]r pia gupkhwpf ] bfhz]lhh ] .bjuptpj ]J jdJ kfpH ]r ]r pia gupkhwpf ] bfhz]lhh ] .bjuptpj ]J jdJ kfpH ]r ]r pia gupkhwpf ] bfhz]lhh ] .bjuptpj ]J jdJ kfpH ]r ]r pia gupkhwpf ] bfhz]lhh ] .

,tuplkpUe]J tpLgl]L/ jpU.nerkzp jdJ tyJfukhf md]W

bjhl]L ,Wjp tiu jdJ epHy] nghd]W bjhlh]e]J cjtp te]j

jpU.v.mg]Jy] urhf]fpd] fu';fis gw]wp FYf]fp jdJ

vy]iyapy]yh kfpH]r ]rpia bjuptpj ]Jf] bfhz]lhh ] . gy

khj';fshfr; brhy]byhz]zh Jauj]ij mlf]fp itj]jpUe]j

mtuJ be";rj]jpypUe]J kfpH]r ]rpapd] Cw]W Kfj]jpy]

bespe]njhoaJ. jkpHh]fspd] Jau';fSf]bfy]yhk] tpot[

fhyj]jpd] tpobts]sp m';nf cjpj]jJ vd]W Twp jdJ

kfpH]r ]rpia jpU.urhf]fplk] gfph ]e ]J bfhz]lhh ] . ,e]j

kfpH]r]rpapy] g';F bfhs]tjw]F mth]fs] ,Utiu jtpu ntW

vtUk] m';nf ,y]iyna*

je]jpfs] gwe]jd. cr]rePjpkd]wj]jpypUe]J ikR{h]

cah]ePjpkd]wj]Jf]F je]jp gwe]jJ. midj]J Mtz';fSk]

m';nf mtrukhf brd]wila ntz]Lk]. md]wpunt

jpU.nerkzp tpkhdk] \yk] bg';f~h] brd]W nrh]e]J tpl]lhh].

bly]ypapy] ,Ue]Jk]/ ehfh]nfhtpypy] ,Ue]Jk] Vw]ghlhfpapUe]j

njitahd Mtz';fs] midj]Jk] Ml]fs] \yk] bg';f~h]

te]J nrh ]e ]Jtpl ]ld. bg';f~hpy] gpugy tHf]fwp"h]

jpU.,.tp.khj]a{it jp.j.eh.fh-tpd] tHf]fwp"uhf jpU.nerkzp

mkh]j ]jpdhh ] . ,th]fs] ,UtUk] tHf]F Fwpj]J fye]J

Mnyhrpj]J/ fhtypy] ,Ue]j VG rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs] rhh]gpy]

$hkPd] kDf]fs] 01.02.1955-y] rkh]g]gpf]fg]gl]ld. jiyik

ePjpgjp $!]o!] nklg]ght[k]/ $!]o!] gj]kdhght[k] ml';fpa

bg";rpy] kDf]fs] tprhuizf]F vLj]Jf] bfhs]sg]gl]L/

18.02.1955 md]W tprhuiz ehshf epr]rapf]f]ggl]lJ.

155 C[kúRôhPm

62. ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 62. ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 62. ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 62. ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 62. ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] :

fh';fpu!] fl]rpapd] gpd] Jiza[lnd Ml]rp elj]Jfpd]w

gp.v!].gp Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]isapd] td]k

Ml]rpahy] gy bjhy]iyfis mDgtpj]Jf] bfhz]oUe;j

jkpHh]fspd] eyd] fhj]jpLk] bghUl]L/ me]j mikr]ruitapd]

kPJ rl ]lkd]w cWg]gpdh ] jpU.v.rpjk ]guehjd]ehlhh ]

ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj; jPh]khdj]jpw]fhd mwptpg]g[f; bfhLj]jhh].

me]j jPh]khdk] 23.01.1955 md]W tpthjpg]gjhf rl]lkd]wj]

jiyth] ehs] Fwpj]jpUe]jhh]. $dtup 25-k] ehs] rl]lkd]wj]jpy]

uh$gpuKfh] ciuiaj] bjhlh]e]J ,e]j ‘’ek]gpf]ifapy]yh’j]

jPh]khdk] tpthjj]Jf]F itf]fg]gl]oUe]jJ. mnj ntisapy]

jp.j.eh.fh rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs] VG ngh] rpiwapy] ,Ue]jdh].

mth]fs] $hkPdpy] tpLjiyahfp 27.01.1955-f]F Kd]g[ btspna

te]jhy]jhd] ,e]j tpthjj]jpy] fye]J bfhz]L thf]bfLg]gpy]

fye]J bfhs]tjw]F Koa[k]. Mdhy] jpUtpjh';Th]

ePjpkd]w';fspy] – cah]ePjpkd]wk] tiu – mth]fsJ $hkPd]

kDf]fs] js]Sgoahfptpl]ld. vdnt cr]rePjpkd]w Mizg]go

me]j jhthf]fs] ikR{h ] cah]ePjpkd]wj]jpw]F khw]wyhfp/

27.01.1955 jhd] m';nf gjpthfpapUe]jd. mjdhy] me]j VG

rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs] tpLjiyahtjpy] nkYk] fhyjhkjk]

Vw]gLk]. ,e]j epiyapy] ek]gpf]ifapy]yh jPh]khdk] thf]bfLg]g[f]F

te]jhy] mJ njhy]tpailtJ epr]rakhfptpLkhifahy]/ me]j

tpthjj]ij gpe]jpa ehs] xd]Wf]F khw]Wtjw]fhf rpjk]guehjd]

mitj] jiytiu ntz]odhh]. ,jw]fpilapy] rpiwapy]

,Uf]fpd]w rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs] $hkPdpy] btspapy]

te]JtpLthh]fs] vd]w vjph]ghh]g]gpy] $dtup 5-k] ehSf]F

tpthjj]ij js]sp itf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W jpU.rpjk]guehjd]

ntz]of] bfhz]lhh]. tpthjj]ijj] js]sp itf]ff]TlhJ vd]W

Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is jdJ vjph ]g ]igj]

bjuptpj]jhh]. Mdhy] vjph ]fl]rpj] jiytuhd fh';fpu!]

156 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

cWg]gpdh]/ jpU.gdk]gps]sp nfhtpe]jnkdd]/ cWg]gpdh]

nfhUfpd]w fhy mtfhrk] ju ntz]Lk] vd]W nfhhp.

jpU.rpjk]guehjdpd] cjtpf]F te]jhh]. ,y]iybadpy]

jPh]khdj]ij Kd]bkhHpa ntz]lhbkd]Wk]/ jpU.nfhtpe]jnkdd]

mitj] jiytiu nfl]Lf]bfhz]lhh]. ,jw]Fg] gpwF/ rghehafh]

tpthjj]ij 1956-k] $dthp 29-k] njjpf]F khw]wp itj]jhh].

29.01.1956-y] Toa rl]lkd]wf] Tl]lj]jpy] rpjk]guehjd]/

jd] Ke]ija Tl]lj]jpy] nfl]Lf]bfhz]lJ nghy]/ gpg]uthp

5-k ] ehSf]F js]spg ] nghlhky] md]nw itj]jpUg]gjhy]/

jPh]khdj]ij Kd]bkhHpa tpUk]gtpy]iybad]W Twp mjw]F

kWj]Jtpl]lhh].

63. ikR{h] cah; ePjpkd]wj]jpy] 63. ikR{h] cah; ePjpkd]wj]jpy] 63. ikR{h] cah; ePjpkd]wj]jpy] 63. ikR{h] cah; ePjpkd]wj]jpy] 63. ikR{h] cah; ePjpkd]wj]jpy] :

ikR{h] cah]ePjpkd]wj]jpy] 01.02.1955 md]W rpiwapy]

,Ue]j VG rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fis $hkPdpy] tpLjiy

bra]a ntz]Lk ] vd]W nfhhp $hkPd ] kDf]fs] jhf ]fy ]

bra]jhh] tHf]fwp"h] jpU.,.tp.khj]jpa{. jiyik ePjpgjp

$!]o!] nklg ]gh/ $hkPd ] kDf]fis Vw ]Wf ]bfhz]L/

mth ]fSf]F ,ilf]fhy $hkPd ] mspj ]J cj]jut [

gpwg]gpj]jhh]. jtput[k] tHf]F tprhuizia 18.02.1955-f]F

epr]rapj]Jtpl]lhh]. ,jd] mog]gilapy] ,e]j VG rl]lkd]w

cWg]g pdh ]fSk] 04 .02 .1955 khiy rpiwapy ] ,Ue ]J

tpLtpf]fg]gl]ldh]. Mdhy] $dthp 25-k] njjpapypUe]nj

,uz]L rl ]lkd]w cWg]g pdh ]fs] / fhty]Jiwapd] ifJ

eltof]ifapy] ,Ue]J jg]g[tjw]fhf jiykiwthfptpl]ldh].

,th ]fis ufrpa ,lj ]j py ] kiwj ]J itj]jpUe ]jhh ]

j pU.v.nerkzp. ,th ]fs ] v' ;F ,Uf]fpd ]wdh ] vd ]gJ

jp .j.eh.fhtpdUf]nf brhy]yg ]gltpy ]iy. jpU.mg ]Jy]

urhf]Ff]Ff] Tl mth] brhy]ytpy]iy vd]why] mj]jifa

,ufrpa ,lj]jpy] mth]fs] itf]fg]gl]oUe]jdh].

157 C[kúRôhPm

64. kPz]Lk] ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 64. kPz]Lk] ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 64. kPz]Lk] ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 64. kPz]Lk] ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] 64. kPz]Lk] ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdk] :

ikR{h ] e Pjpkd]wj ]jpy ] rl ]lkd]w cWg]gpdh ]fs]

VGngh;fSf]Fk] $hkPd] fpilj]jijj] bjhlh]e]J jpU.bfhr]rp

rl]lkd]wj]jpy] md]wpunt ,uz]L ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khd';fs]

jhf]fyhapd. ,ut[ 11.00 kzpf]F jpU.T.S.uhkrhkpgps]isa[k]/

11.05 kzpf]F jpU.S.nr#uj]uprh]kht[k] ,e]j jPh]khd';fisj;

jhf]fy] bra]jdh] . md]wpunt ,th]fs] ,UtUk] nghl]o

nghl]Lf] bfhz]L Vd] ,itfisj] jhf]fy] bra]jdh] vd]gJ

kh ]kk] . xU ntis ,ilf]fhy $hkPd] fpilj]Jtpl ]lJ

vd]gij mwpe]J bfhz]L/ ,th]fs] jhf]fy] bra]jpUf]fyhk].

kw]wth]fs] ,ijj] jhf]fy] bra]tjw]F Kd]ng jhf]fy] bra]J

bgaiuj] jl]or] bry]yyhk] vd]Wk] ,th]fs] vz]zpapUf]fyhk].

,Ug]gpDk] gp.v!.gp. cWg]gpduhd eh";rpy] ehl]Lthrpahd

jpU.T.S.uhkrhkpgps]is mtuJ fl]rp mikr]ruit kPJ Vd] ,e]j

mtek]gpf]if> ehfg[up khehl]oy] jkpHh] eyd]fs] ghy] ngRtjw]F

jpU.nerkzpaplk] xg]g[f]bfhz]oUe]j jpU.T.S.uhkrhkpgps]is

m';nf nkil Vwhky] Vkhw]wptpl]lhh] my]yth> mjdhy]

bjd]jpUtpjh';Th] jkpHh]fs] ,th] nky] bfhjpg ]gile]J

,Ue]jdh]. ,jdhy] mtUf]F brhe]j tPl]ow]F jpUk]gp tuf]Tl

Koahj R{H]epiy. mjdhy] mth] jpUtde]jg[uj]jpnyna j';fp

te]jhh]. mth] jpUk]gt[k] nerkzpiaj; bjhlh]g[ bfhz]L/

kf]fs] nfhgj]jpypUe]J jd]id fhj]Jf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]

vd]W nfl ]Lf ]bfhz]lhh ] . xUntis mtiuf ] fhj ]Jf ]

bfhs]Sk]goahf/ jpU.nerkzpapd ] Mnyhridapd]

mog]gilapy] ,e]j ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh ]khdj]ij jdJ

fl]rp muR kPJ je]jpUf]fyhk] vd]Wk] vz]zyhk].

,e ]j ,U ek]gpf ]ifapy]yhj ] j Ph ]khd';fisa[k ]

rghehafh] Vw]Wf] bfhz]L/ mjd] nky] tpthjj]ij 1956

gpg]utup 8-k] njjp vd]W epr]rapj]jhh]. ,jdpilna jpUtpjh';Tupy]

158 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

gy]ntW rpiwfspy] milf]fg ]gl ]oUe]j VG rl ]lkd]w

cWg]gpdh]fSk] 1955 gpg]utup ehd]fhk] ehs] tpLjiyahfptpl]ldh].

65. nerkzpapd] uh$ je]jpuk] 65. nerkzpapd] uh$ je]jpuk] 65. nerkzpapd] uh$ je]jpuk] 65. nerkzpapd] uh$ je]jpuk] 65. nerkzpapd] uh$ je]jpuk] :

jiykiwthf ,Ue]j ,uz]L rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSk]/

mjhtJ jpU.gp.uhkrhkpgps]isa[k] kw]Wk] jpU.Mh].bghd]dg]gehlhUk]

rl]lkd]wj]Jf]F te]jhy]jhnd 8-k] njjp vLf]fg]gLfpd]w

ek]gpf]ifapy]yhj] jPh]khdj]Jf]F rhjfkhd bgUk]ghd]ik

gyk] fpilf]Fk] vd]W Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is

fzf]Ff] Tl]odhh]. vdnt ,th]fs] ,Utiua[k] rl]lkd]wj]Jf]F

cs]ns tplhky]/ Kd]Tl]ona ifJ bra]J cs]ns

js]sptpl]lhy]/ mikr]ruit thf]bfLg]gpy] btw]wp bgw]W

tplyhk] vd]gJ mtuJ fzpg]g[. mth]fis vt]thnwDk] ifJ

bra]J tpl ntz]Lk] vd]gJ murpd] j Ptpu Kaw]rp .

njitg]gl]lhy] mth]fs] gazk] bra]a[k] fhh] rf]fu';fis

Rl]L mth]fis ifJ bra]tjw]Fk] ufrpa cj]jut[fs]

bfhLf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. Mdhy] 7-k] njjp tiua[k] mth]fs] muR

,ae]jpu';fsplk] r pf ]ftpy]iy. fhuzk] mth ]fis

jpU.nerkzp jpUbey]ntypapy] btspaplg]glhj ,lj]jpy]

jiykiwthf itj]jpUe]jhh ] . jpUtpjh';Th] – bfhr]rp

nghyPrhupd] fGFf] fz]fspy] ,Ue]J vt]thW mth]fis jg]g

itj]J rl]lkd]wj]jpy] bfhz]L nrh]j]jhh] vd]gij jpU.mg]Jy]

urhf] vGJfpwhh].

“jpUbey]ntypapypUe]J md]W es]sputpy] g[wg]gl]Lj;

bjd]fhrp br';nfhl]il tHpahf beLk';fhL te]J

jpUtde]jg[uk] tUfpwhh]fs] vd]W xU gykhd tje]jp

epytpaJ. (,ij ntz]Lbkd]nw jpU.nerkzp fpsg]gp

tpl]lhh]). ,d]bdhU g[usp. 7-k] njjp es]sput[f]F gpwF

g[wg]gl]L Tl';Fsk] m";Rfpuhkk] tHpahf 8-k] njjp

tpoaw]fhiy ijf]fhL – tGijf]fhL nuhl]oYs]s

159 C[kúRôhPm

rPdpthr fiuahsh] tPL te]J nrug] nghfpwhh ]fs]

vd]Wk]; 6-k] njjp Kjy] jpUtde]jg[uj]jpy] j';fp te]j

vdf]F khh ]#y] nerkzpaplkpUe]J te]j jfty]

vd]dbtd]why]: 8-k] njjp itfiw 6 Kjy] 8 kzp tiu

ghh]f]tpa{ g']fshit (,';Fjhd] gdk]gps]spa[k] mth]

fl]rpf]fhuh]fSk] j';fp te]jhh]fs]) rw]W ftdpj]Jf]

bfhz]lhy] nghJk] vd]W kl]Lnk. ,e]j g';fsh

kpa{rpaj]Jf]F vjpuhft[k]/ kfhj]khfhe]jp nuhL 5

tpsf]F re ]jpg ]g [f ]Fr ] rw ]W bjd] fpHf ]fhft[k ]

mike]jpUf]fpwJ.

“ahh] ,th]fs]> bfhs]isf; Tl;lj; jiyth;fs; my]y.

jp.j.eh.fh. jiyth] gp.uhkrhkp gps]isa[k] bghJf] fhupajuprp

Mh].bghd]dg]gehlhUk] Mth]. fhty]gilapdUf]F “okpf]fp”bfhLj]J tUk] bfhs]isj] jiyth]fis KH';fhy]fSf]Ff;

fPnH Rl]L gpof]f fl]lisfs] gpwe]jjhfg] gH';fijfspy]

goj]jpUf]fpnwd]. mJnghy ,th]fisr; Rke]J bfhz]nlhLk]

fhh] lah]fisr; Rl]L ,th]fisg] gpof]f cj]jut[ cyh te]J

bfhz]oUe]jJ. fhty] fpzW–m";Rfpuhkk] rhiy/ fukidg]

ghyk]/ ft[oahh]/ rh!]jhk';fyk] re]jpg]g[ Kjypa ,l';fspy]

nghyP!] nuhe]Jfs] jPtpukhfnt eilbgw]wd. ehDk] ,uz]L

\d]W Kiw ghh]f]tpa{tpw]Fk] ft[oahh] re]jpg]g[f]Fkpilna

Rw]wpf] bfhz]oUe]njd]. (,e]j Rw]wy] nghyPrpd] ftdj]ij

rpjwof]Fk] vd]gJ jpU.nerkzpf]F ed]whfj] bjupa[k]).

“fhiy 7.45 fle]Jtpl]lJ. vl]L kzpf]F mrk]gpsp

TLk]. m';nfjhd] md]W jhqgps]is ke]jpuprigapd] jiytpjp

Kot[ fl ]l epr ]rapf ]fg ]gl ]oUe]jJ. MdhYk] ghh ]f ]tpa{

gf]fkhf vl]L kzp tiu ehd] Rw]wptpl]L/ me]j ,UtUk]

tutpy]iyna vd]w Iaj]njhL mrk]gpsp kz]lgj]Jf]Fg] ngha]

tpl]nld]. m';nf ehd] fz]lJ Mr]rhpak]* mth]fs] ,UtUk]

160 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

mtuth] ,Uf]ifapy] ,Uf]ff] fz]lJjhd]. vg ]go te]J

tpl ]lhh ]fs] vd]W mst[ fle ]J Mr]rupag ]gl ]nld] . vd]

ftdj]jpypUe]j ghh]f]tpa{ gf]fj]jpypUe]J jhd] mth]fs] ,UtUk]

,d]W fhiy 7.45 kzpf]Fg] g[wg]gl]Lg] ngha] ,Uf]fpwhhf]s]. vd]

fz]fspy] vg]go jg]gptpl]lhh]fs] vd]W tpae]njd]. ghh]f] tpa{

gf]fk] 5 tpsf]F re]jpg]g [f]Fr] rw]W tlnkw]fhf E}W f$j]

bjhiytpy] vy].vk].v!]. M!]ly] (j';Fk] tpLjp) ,Uf]fpwJ.

mJ ehd] bfh";rKk] vjph]ghuhj ,lk]. 7-k] njjp ,unthL

,uthf ,th]fs] m';F te]J j';fptpl]lhh]fs]. kWehs] fhiy/

ghh]f]tpa{ g';fshtpypUe]J fh';fpu!] fl]rp m';fj]jpdh]fs]

mrk]gpspf ]Fg ] g [wg ]gl ]Lg ] nghd gpwF ,th]fs] ,UtUk]

vy].vk].v!]. M!]lypypUe]J g[wg]gl]L mrk]gpsp QhYf]Fs] 7.45

kzpf]nf EiHe]Jtpl]lhh]fs]. vy].vk].v!]. M!]ly] vdf]Fj]

bjhpe]j ,lk]jhd]. Mdhy] ,th]fs] m';F tUthh]fs] vd]W

vdf]F xU Jg]g[k] fpilf]ftpy]iy. xUntis mth]fns

mijj] bjupe]jpUf]fkhl]lhh]fs]. Fdpe]jtd] fPnH Fdpe]J nghtJ

vd]W xU je]jpuk] cz]L. fz]qk] fhJk] bjupe]jhw]nghy

KGg] bghWg]g[k] vLj]J ,ij elj]jp Koj]jth] khh]#y] nerkzp

xUth]jhd]” . (v.mg ]Jy] urhf ] (v.mg ]Jy] urhf ] (v.mg ]Jy] urhf ] (v.mg ]Jy] urhf ] (v.mg ]Jy] urhf ] – nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj ] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj ] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj ] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj ] nerkzp xU rupj ]jpuj ]

jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] jpUg]gk] – gf]fk] 328 gf]fk] 328 gf]fk] 328 gf]fk] 328 gf]fk] 328 & 329)329)329)329)329)

66. gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rp 66. gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rp 66. gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rp 66. gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rp 66. gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rp :

jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]isia tPH]j]Jtjw]fhd ,e]j

gpuk]kh!]jpuj]ij jpU.nerkzp vt]thW va]jhh] vd]gJ/ mtuJ

tyJfukhf epd]W ,a';fp te]j jpU.mg]Jy]urhf]Ff]F Tlj]

bjupahky] epiwntw]wpdhh] vd]gJ tpag]g[. jpUbey]ntypapy]

jiykiwthf itf]fg]gl]oUe]j jpU.gp.,uhkrhkp gps]isa[k]/

jpU.Mh].bghd]dg]gehlhUk] 06.02.1956 md]W br';nfhl]il

brd]W jpU.vy] .v!].fiuahsh] ghJfhg ]g py ] j';fptpl ]L/

mLj]jehs] (07.02.1954) rha';fhyk] g [wg ]gl ]L/ g [spaiw/

161 C[kúRôhPm

rhzhh]fht[/ Mupad]fht[/ Fsj]Jg]g[iH/ gr]irg] ghnyhL/

beLk';fhL tHp jpUtde]jg[uk] vy].vk].v!]. Qh!]lYf]F eL

,ut[ te]jdh]. mth]fis Qh!]ly] thh ]ld] jpU.mg]ght[

fpuhz]L tuntw]W/ Qh!]lypy] ,ut[ j';f itj]jhh ] .

jpU.mg]ght[ fpuhz]L bea]a{h ] yl]Rkpg [uk ] vy] .vk] .v!]

rigiar] rhh ]e ]jtUk]/ jpU.nerkzpapd] MuhjfDk]/

cj]jkrp#paDkhthh]. ,th] jpUtde]jg[uk] muR jiyikr]

brayfj]jpy] gzpg[upe]J te]jhh]. mnj ntisapy] ghisak]

!]nloak] mUfhikapy] cs]s vy].vk].v!]. tshfj]jpy]

mike]jpUf]fpd]w tpy]!] Mz]fs] Qh!]ly] thh]ldhft[k]

brayhw]wp te]jhh]. jpU.nerkzpapd] Kd]ndw]ghl]od]go/

,th]fs] ,Utiua[k] jpU.fpuhz]L tuntw]W/ ,ufrpakhf

mtuJ ghJfhg]gpy] j';f itj]J/ mLj]j ehs] (08.02.1956)

TltpUf]fpd]w rl]lkd]w mitf]F fhiy 7.00 kzpastpy]

bfhz]L nrh]j]jpl ntz]Lk] vd]gjhf Vw]ghlhfpapUe]jJ. ,e]j

Vw]ghL jpU.nerkzpf]Fk] jpU. fpuhz;Lf;Fk; kl;Lk; bjupe;j

,ufrpak; MFk;. jpUtde]jg[uj]jpy] nghyP!] gilapdiua[k]

mth]fspd] ehah] csthspfisa[k] jpir jpUg]g[tjw]fhf

kl]Lk] jpU.urhf]if gad]gLj]jpdhh] jpU.nerkzp. mth]

epw]fpd]w ,lkhd 5 tpsf]Fj]J}z] tshfj]jpy] kl]Lnk nghyP!]

muz] ,Uf]Fk] vd]gJ jpU.nerkzpapd] M+lk].

mnj ntisapy] vy].vk].v!]. Qh!]lypypUe]J jiyikr]

brayfk] tiu nghyP!] gilapdhpd] fz]fhzpg]g[f;F btspapy]

,Uf]Fk] . me]j btw]Wg ] gFjp tHpahf ,Utiua[k ]

jpU.fpuhz]od] fhupy] Vw]wp/ fPnH cl]fhu itj]J/ (,Uf]ifia

tpl ]L fPH ]g ]ghf ]fj]jpy]) Fdpe ]j epiyapy] rl ]lkd]w

mu';fpd] gpd]g[w thapy] tHpahf cs]ns mDg]gp itg]gJ

vd]gnj jpl]lk]. ,ij brt]tnd ahUk] re]njfg]glhj Kiwapy]

epiwntw]wpdhh] jpU.fpuhz]l].

162 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

“bghd]dg ]gehlhh ] nerkzpia murpaypYk]/

tHf]fwp"h ] bjhHpypYk] Mrhdhff] bfhz]lth ] .

,tUf]F jpUtpjh';Th] rl]lrigapy] “khah bghd]dg]gd]”vd]W xU bgah] cz]L. nerkzp Mnyhridahy]

mg]ght[ fpuhz]L cjtpnahL tpy]!] Qh!]lypy]

kiwj]J itf]fg]gl]lhh]. ,tUld] ,uhkRthkpgps]isa[k]

j';fpapUe]jhh]. jpObud NH]e]jpUe]j fhty] giliaa[k]

Vkhw]wp ,th]fis fpuhz]l] rl]lrigf]Fs] bfhz]L

nrh ]j ]jhh ] . ,jdhy] gl ]lk] ke]jpuprig ftpH]e ]jJ.

jpObud rl]lrigapy] njhd]wpajhy] ,tiu ‘khah

bghd]dg]gd]’ vd]W md]g[ld] miHg]gh]”. (mnj E}y](mnj E}y](mnj E}y](mnj E}y](mnj E}y]

– gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 378 378 378 378 378 – mof]Fwpg ]g [) mof]Fwpg ]g [) mof]Fwpg ]g [) mof]Fwpg ]g [) mof]Fwpg ]g [)

08.02.1955 fhiy 8 kzpf ]F rl ]lrig ToaJ.

o.v!].uhkrhkpgps ]is ek]gpf ]ifapy]yhj ] j Ph ]khdj]ij

Kd]bkhHpe]jhh]. ,jw]F Kd]ghf gp.v!].gp. fl]rpapypUe]J

KiwnahL tpyfpapUe]jhh]. tuyhw]W Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]j

me]jj] jP ]h ]khdj]ij mth] Kd] bkhHpe ]jJk] fh';fpu!]

fl]rpiar] rhh]e]j midj]J rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSk] mtiug]

ghuhl]odh]. Mdhy] vjph]fl]rp tupirapy] ,Ue]j ,lJ Kd]dzpf]

fl ]rpj ] jiyth] jpU.o.tp.jhk!] jPh ]khdj]ij vjph ]j ]Jg ]

ngrpdhh]. Mdhy] vjph]fl]rpj] jiyth] gdk]gps]spnfhtpe]j

nkdd] jPh]khdj]ij Mjupj]J tpupthd ciu xd]iw epfH]j]jpdhh].

j Ph ]khdj]jpd] kPJ thf]bfLg]g [ ele ]jJ. ,jpy] gupjhgk]

vd]dbtd]why] jPh]khdj]ij vjph]j]Jk]/ gl]lk] jhqgps]isia

Mjupj]Jk] ngrpa ,lJ Kd]dzpapdh] ahUk] Xl]blLg]gpy]

fye]J bfhs]shky] eLepiy tfpj]jJjhd]. jPh]khdj]Jf]F

Mjuthf fh';fpu!] cWg]gpdh]fs] 45 ngUk]/ jp.j.eh.fh.

cWg]gpdh]fs] 12 ngUk]/ ntW ,uz]L ngUk] thf]fspj]jdh].

gdk]gps]sp bkhHpapy] TWtbjd]why], Mid kPJ cah]e]J

163 C[kúRôhPm

epd]w gl]lk] jhqgps]is/ ,g]nghJ jiuapy] jd]fhypy]

epd]wthnw jlk] g[uz]L tpl]lhh]. gp.v!].gp. ke]jpuprig Fil

rha]e]jJ. md]W Mh]g]gupj]J epd]w ehah] rKjhak] ,g]bghGJ

Kf]fhL nghl]L ftiynahL M';fh';nf Kl';fp xspe]J

bfhz]lJ.

mth]fsJ njhy]tpia Vw]W 14.02.1955 jp';fs] md]W

rf ke]jpupfnshL jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is gjtp tpyfpdhh].

jpU.nerkzp ehfh]nfhtpypy] ,Ue]J Vtpa ,U Vt[fizfs]

Fwp jtwhky] jpUtde]jg[uk] rl]lkd]wj]jpy] EiHe]J gl]lk]

jhqgps]isiaj] jhf]fp mHpj]Jtpl]lJ. ,jdhy] jkpHh]fs]

bgupabjhU epk]kjpg; bgU\r]R tpl]ldh]. md]W nerkzpf]F

g[wKJF fhl]oath]fSk]/ m';fyha]j]Jf] bfhz]L miye]J

jpupe]jth]fSk]/ kiwe]J epd]W mwk]ghoath]fSk]/ ehd] eP

vd]W Xor] brd]W jpU.nerkzpiag] ghuhl]lj] jtwtpy]iy.

gl]lj]jpd] ,e]j tPH]r]rpahy; bjd] jpUtpjh';Th] ehlhh]

kf]fs] FJ}fykile]jdh]. ,e]j ,d]g mjph]r]rpahy] jd]epiy

kwe]j ghiwr]rhiyia mLj]j Cuhd beLthd]tpisapy]

gidj]bjhHpy] bra]J te]j jpU.bghoad] ehlhh] caph] Jwf]f

ntz]o te]jJ. ,th] gidkuj]jpy] ghjp cauk] Vwpa clnd/

gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rpapd] btw]wp Ch]tyk] ghwr]rhiyapy] ,Ue]J

gSfy] Ch] brd]wJ. ,ij fz]qw]w jpU.bghoad] ehlhh]

jd]epiy kwe]J/ “gl]lk] tpGe]J tpl]lhdh” vd]W cuj]j

Fuypy] Twp/ ,U iffisa[k] gidkuj]jpy] ,Ue]J vLj]J

ifjl]l Kad]whh]. me]njh gupjhgk]. kuj]jpy] ,Uf]fpnwhk]

vd]gij kwe]J ifjl]oajhy]/ jtwp fPnH tpGe]J mnj

,lj]jpy] caph] ePj]jhh]. btw]wp Ch]tyk] brd]wth]fs] ,tiu

Ve]jp ,Wjp Ch]tyk] brd]wdh]. ,e]j epfH]r]rp/ gl]lj]jpd] kPJ

jkpH ] kf ]fs] Fwpg ]ghf ehlhh ] kf ]fs] ve ]j mst[f ]F

mjpUg]jpnahL ,Ue]jdh] vd]gjw]Fr; rhd]whf cs]sJ.

164 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

gl]lj]jpd] tPH]r]rpiaj] bjhlh]e]J bjd]jpUtpjh';Tupy]

rf$epiy ntfkhfj] jpUk]g Muk]gpj ]Jtpl ]lJ. ,';nf

mikf]fg]gl]oUe]j nghyP!] jhts';fs] gpupf]fg]gl]L/ bfhl]L

bfhj]js';fSld] jpUtde]jg [uk ] ghh ]j ]Jr ] brd]wd.

fhLfspYk]/ FiffspYk]/ mz]il khepyj]jpYk] brd]W

xsptpy] gJ';fpath]fs] rhiu rhiuahf Ch] jpUk]gp j';fsJ

FLk]gj]Jld] ,ize]J bfhz]ldh]. v';Fk] mikjp epytj]

bjhl';fpaJ. Mj]jpug]gl]lth]fSk]/ ghtyhf]fhuh]fSk] Tl

epk]kjpg] bgU\r]Rtpl]ldh].

gl]lj]jpd] gp.v!].gp. muR tPH]r]rpa[w]w md]nw (14.02.1955)

fh';fpu!] rl ]lkd]wf ] fl ]r pj ] jiyth] gdk]gs]sp

nfhtpe]jnkdd] Kjyikr]ruhfg] gjtp Vw]Wf] bfhz]lhh].

,e]j mikr]ruitf]F jp.j.eh.fh. rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs]

12 ngUk] Mjut[ je ]jdh ] . fh';fpu!] mikr]ruit

jpUtpjh';Tupy ] gjtpf ]F te]jijj] bjhlh ]e ]J/ mjw]F

moj]jsk] mikj]Jf] bfhLj]j khh ]#y] nerkzpf]F

,e]jpahtpy] gy ,l';fspypUe]Jk] ghuhl]Lj] je]jpfs] te]J

Ftpe]j tz]zkpUe]jd. jp.j.eh.fh. rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fs]

jpUtde]jg[uk] khtl]l fh';fpurpy] ciHf]Fk] cWg]gpdh]fshf

mDkjpf]fg]gl]L muRf]Fj; jhh]kPf Mjut[ mspj]jdh].

67. kPz]Lk] ikNh; nehf]fp 67. kPz]Lk] ikNh; nehf]fp 67. kPz]Lk] ikNh; nehf]fp 67. kPz]Lk] ikNh; nehf]fp 67. kPz]Lk] ikNh; nehf]fp :

,ilf]fhy $hkPdpy] btspte]j rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fspd]

kDf]fs; kPJ tprhuiz 18.02.1955 md]W epr]rapf]fg]gl]oUe]jJ.

nfhh]l]lhh] xU ntis ,ilf]fhy $hkPid kPz]Lk] ePl]lyhk]/

my]yJ uj]J bra]ayhk]. uj]J bra]tjw]F mtrpak] ,Uf]fhJ

vd]W jpU.nerkzp ed]F czh]e]jpUe]jhh]. $hkPd] kDf]fis

vjph ]f ]f ntz]lhk] vd]W gdk]gps]sp murplkpUe]J mjd]

tHf]fwp"Uf]F Mnyhridf] fl]lis brd]W tpLk] vd]Wk]

165 C[kúRôhPm

mtUf]Fj] bjupa[k]. ,Ue]Jk] bg';f~h] ePjpkd]wj]Jf]F

mtrukhf mth] g[wg]gl]Ltpl]lhh]. gyh] Mr]rupag]gl]ldh].

mjw]F xU Kf]fpa fhuzkpUg]gjhf mth] Twpdhh]. me]jf]

fhuzj]ij mwpe]J bfhs]tjw]F mtuJ mgpkhdpfs] Mtyhf

,Ue]jdh ] . mth ] brhd]dhh ] . “gp .v!].g p . muR Fjg]g pj ]

Jg]gpa thh]j]ijfis mijna tpG';fr] bra]a ntz]Lk] (TheP.S.P. Government must be made to eat its own words) vd]whh].

gpg]uthp 18-k] njjp ikR{h] cah]ePjpkd]wk] jiyik

ePjpgjp nklg]gh jiyikapy] ToaJ. tpthjj]Jf]fhf $hkPd]

kDf]fis vLj]Jf] bfhz]l ntisapy]/ jpU.bfhr]rp muR

tHf]fwp"h ] jpU.Fkud] mr]rd] vGe]J/ jkf]F $hkPd]

kDf]fis vjph ]f ]f ntz]lhk] vd]W muR bjuptpj ]J

,Ug]gjhff] Twpdhh]. clnd kDjhh] tHf]fwp"h] jpU.<.tp.nkj]a{

vGe]J/ murpd] kdkhw]wj]jpw]F ed]wp bjuptpj]Jf] bfhz]lhh].

,Ue]jhYk] cr]rePjpkd]wj]ij myl]rpag]gLj]jp muR jhf]fy]

bra]ag ]gl ]oUf]Fk] vjph ]kDtpy] Twg ]gl ]oUf]fpd]w rpy

thh]j]ijfis Ml]nrgpf]fhkypUf]f KoahJ vd]whh]. xU

muR jug]gpy] rkh]g]gpf]fg]gLfpd]w cWjpbkhHp me]j murpd]

jiyikr] brayhsh]jhd] rkh ]g ]g pg ]ghh ] . Mdhy]

,e]j epfH]r ]r papy ] jiyikr] brayUf]Fg ] gjpyhf

cWjpbkhHpia nghyP!] cjtpf] fz]fhzpg]ghsh] rkh]g]gpj]J

cr]rePjpkd]wj ]ij ,Hpt[gLj]jpa [k ] / kDjhuh ]fis

juf]Fiwthft[k] vGjpapUf]fpwhh]fs]. vdnt ,itfis

mg]gona Mtz';fspy] tpLtJ ey]yjy]y vd]W kDjhuh]

tHf]fwp"h] jpU. khj]a{ cWjpglr] brhd]dhh]. ,e]j fl]lj]jpy]

jiyik ePjpgjp FWf]fpl ]L muR jug]g [ cWjpbkhHpapy]

cr]rePjpkd]wj]ij ,Gj]Jg] ngRtjw]F fhuzk] vd]d> vd]W

nfl]lhh]. ,jw]F rupahd rkhjhdk] Tw ,ayhj muR gg]spf]

gpuhrpf]Tl]lh] jpU.Fkud] mr]rd] vGe]J mjw]F tUj]jk]

166 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

bjuptpj ]jJ kl]Lky]yhky] mj]jifa gjg]gpunahfj]ij

thg!] th';Ftjhft[k] bjuptpj]jhh ] . brhd]dhy] kl]Lk]

nghJkh> vd]w jiyik ePjpgjpapd; Fwpg]ig g[hpe]J bfhz]L

mth] vGjpa[k] bfhLj]Jtpl]lhh]. MdhYk] jiyik ePjpgjp

bjhlh]e]J/

“rl]l Mnyhrfh ]fisf] bfhz]l jpUth';Th ] –bfhr]rp rh]f]fhh] ehl]od] cr]rePjpkd]wj]ijg] gw]wp

,g]go xU nghyP!] MgPrh; thapyhf ,fH]e]jpUg]gJ

kupahijf]Fiwt[ kl]Lky]y/ kd]dpg]g[f] nfl]f ntz]oa

xU bra]ifa[k]jhd] vd]W Vw]Wf] bfhz]lhh]."

,ijf;nfl;lJk;/ jpU - bfhr;rp tHf;fwp"h; epiyjLkhwpg;

nghdhh ; . gl ]lk] jhqgps]is gjtpapy] bjhlh ]e ]jhnuh

,y]iynah/ mth] Fjg]gpa thh]j]ijfis mtnu tpG';fptpl]lhh].

,jw]fhfnt jpU.nerkzp kPz]Lk] bg';f~h] brd]W mij

brt]tnd bra]J gHpiaj] jPh]j]Jtpl]lhh]. ,jw]fhf Tl]lj]jpy]

xUtuhf ePjpkd]wj]Jf]Fs] EiHe]j jpU.nerkzp xU

“khh]#yhf”j] jiy epkph]e]J btspna te]jhh]. (ml;ilg;glk;

ghh;f;f) vLj]j fhupaj]ij Kof]fhky] mth] Xakhl]lhh] vd]w

vz]zj]ij gyUk] g[upe]J bfhz]ldh]. ,g]gog]gl]l vz]zk]

fy]Fsk]/ tpst';nfhL kf]fsplk] ,Ue]jJ. Mdhy]

mf!]jP!]tuk] jhYfhtpy] njthya tHpghl]Lf]fhuh]fsplk]

kl]Lk]jhd; ,J ,Ue]jJ vd]gij kiwg]gjw ]fpy ]iy.


68. g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d] 68. g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d] 68. g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d] 68. g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d] 68. g[duikg]g[f] fkp#d] :

md]iwa R{H]epiyfspy]/ jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]gpunjr';fs]

gpupe ]J brd]W jha] jkpHfj]Jld] ,izf]Fk] Kaw]rpia

kWguPrpyid bra]a ntz]Lk] vd]W jpU.nerkzpia \th]

typa[Wj]jpdh] . ,e]j tifapy] jpU.fUKj]J jpahfuh$

167 C[kúRôhPm

brl]oahh] ,tiu bly]ypapy] ,UKiw re]jpj]Jg] ngrpapUf]fpwhh].

jpU.A.V.jhk!] oy]ypapy] itj]J gyKiwfs] nerkzpiar]

re]jpj]J ngrpapUf]fpwhh].jtput[k] jpU.nerkzp brd]idapy]

jpU.,uhrnfhghyhr]rhupahh] mth]fis re]jpj]jnghJ mth] ,J

Fwpj]J ngrpapUf]fpwhh]. jkpH]ehl]Lnd te]J ,ize]jhy]/

gpe]jpa fhy';fspy] mj]jkpH] gpunjr';fis Kw]wpYk] jkpHfk]

g[wf]fzpj]JtpLk] vdw J}unehf]F M+lj]jpd] mog]gilapy]

\jwp"h] jpU.nerkzpia mwpt[Wj]jpdhh]. MdhYk] khdk]

bfl]l thH]t[ jpUtpjh';Th] ehlhh]fSf]F ,dpa[k] ntz]lhk]

vd]w jplkhd ,Wjp Kothy] jpU.nerkzp ,e]j Mnyhridfis

Vw]Wf] bfhs]s kWj]Jtpl ]lhh ] . md;W mwp"h ;fs; je ;j

mwpt[iufs; rupbad ,d;W ep+gzkhfpf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd.

,jw]fpilapy] khfhz';fs] g[duikg]g[f] FGkj]jpd]

gupe]Jiu 1955 ork]gh] 14-k] ehs] ehlhSkd]wj]jpd] guprPyidf]fhf

cs]Jiw mikr]rh] nfhtpe]j] ty]yg]ge]J rkh]g]gpj]jhh]. ,jpy]

Kjyhtjhf bjd] khepy';fspd] g [duikg]g [fs] Fwpj ]j

tpthjk] bjhl';fpaJ. fkp#dpd] 290-tJ ruj]Jg]go:-

290. “The main claim advanced on behalf of Madras isfor the addition of the Tamil speaking areas ofTravancore – Cochin. This claim rests mainly onlinguistic considerations and grounds of geographicalcontiguity and relates to nine taluks, namely, Thovala,Agasteeswaram, Kalkulam, Vilavancode andNeyattinkara in Trivandrum District, Devikulamand Peermedu in Kottayam District, Shenkottai inQuilon District and Chittur in Trichur District”.

,e]j xd]gJ jhYfhf]fisa[k ] jpUtpjh';Th ] –bfhr]rpapy] ,Ue]J gpupj]J mz]il khepykhd kjpuhrpa[ld]

nrh]f]f ntz]Lk] vd]gnj jp.j.eh.fh';fpurpd] nfhupf]ifa[k]/

168 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Mh]g ]ghl ]l';fSk] MFk] . Mdhy] fkp#d] je ]jnjh 5

jhYfhf]fs] kl]Lnk. bea]ahw]wpd]fiu/ njtpFsk]/ gPh]nkL

kw]Wk] rpw ]W}h ] jhYfhf]fis ntz]Lbkd]nw mth]fs]

tpl]Ltpl]ldh]. mjw]F gpd]dzpapy] fkp#d] cWg]gpduhd

rh]jhh] nf.vk]. gzpf]fupd] CLUty; ,Ue;jJ.

293. “As a result of the re-sorting of census slips ofthe Tamil speaking taluks of the Travancore –Cochin state, the percentage of people withdifferent mother tongues in the nine taluks claimedby the Madras government are now available.These figures show that in the four southern taluks,namely Agasteeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam andVilavancode, situated in what is known asNanjilnad, the percentage of Tamil speaking peopleis above 79. The wishes of the people of this areahave been clearly expressed and there is noparticular reason why these wishes should nothave been respected”.

79 tpGf]fhL kf]fs] jkpH] ngRfpd]wikahy] ,e]j

ehd]F jhYfhf]fisa[k] jha] jkpHfj]Jld] ,iztij

jLg]gjw]fpy ]iy vd]W fkp#d] TWfpwJ. ,ij Vw]Wf]

bfhz]lhYk] eilKiwapy] mt]thW ,y]iy. eh";rpy] ehl]L

bts]shk]gps ]isfspy] 75% kf ]fs] kiyahsk]jhd]

ngRfpd]wdh]. mnj nghd]W tpst';nfhL jhYfhtpy] 50%kf]fs] kiyahsKk]/ jkpGk] fye]J ngRfpwhh]fs]. Mdhy]

,e]j jhYfhit KGtJk] jha] jkpHfj]Jld] ,izatpl]ldh].

Mdhy] ,ijg] nghd]W bea]ahw]wpd]fiu jhYfhtpy] ,d]Wk]

75% kf ]fs] ehlhh ]fs] Mthh ] . ,th ]fs] jkpiHa[k ]

kiyahsj]ija[k] ngrt[k] vGjt[k] jpwd] gilj]jth]fs]

169 C[kúRôhPm

Mth]. m';nf jkpH] fw]gjw]F jkpH] gs]spfs] ,y]yhjjhy]

mt]tplj ]J ehlhh ] kf ]fs] kiyahsj]ijf; fw ]W/ ngr

ntz]oajhapw]W. MapDk] ,th]fspd] jha]bkhHp ,d]Wk]

jkpH]bkhHpjhd]. Mdhy] ,e]j ,uz]Lk] bfl]lhd] ,UbkhHpf]

fyhr]rhuk; kiyahspfSf]Fr] rhjfkhf Mf]fptpl]lJ rh]jhh]

nf.vk].gzpf]fiuf] bfhz]l khepy';fs] g[duikg]g[ fkp#d].

,jdhy] ,f]fkp#d] jkpHh]fSf]F Xu t";rfk] bra]Jtpl]lJ.

jkpHh]fspd] eyd]fs] ghJfhj]jpl fkp#dpy] xU jkpHd]

,y]yhjJk] ,jw]F xU fhuzk] MFk].

294. “The Chenkottai Taluk is partly an enclave inThirunelveli District of Madras State and thepercentage of Tamil speaking people in this talukis 93. Physically and geographically it belongs toTirunelveli District in which it should now merge”.

93 tpGf]fhLfisf] bfhz]l br';nfhl]ilj] jhYfh

brd]id khfhzj]Jld] ,iza[k] vd]W FGkk] Miz

gpwg]gpj]jpUe]Jk]/ eilKiwapy] mt]thW ,izf]fg]gltpy]iy.

mjpy] 30% ,lk]jhd] jkpH ]ehl ]Lld] ,ize]jJ. 70%br';nfhl]ilia nfusj]Jf]F jhiuthh]j]jhh] bgUe]jiyth]

fhkuhrh]. fpilj]jija[k] ,He]njhk]. br';nfhl]ilapYk]

ehlhh ] rKjha kf]fSk]/ fiuahsh] rKjha kf]fSnk

bgUthupahf ,d]Wk] thH]fpd]wdh].

295. “The Devikulam and Peermade Taluks stand on asome what different footing. These are hilly areaswhich for various economic and other reasons, areof great importance to the state of Travancore –Cochin. The percentage of Tamil speaking peoplein the Devikulam and Peermade taluks is 72 and44 respectively ….”

170 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

1941 kf]fs] fzf]Fg ]go njtpFsj]jpy ] 53/934

jkpHh]fSk]/ 8/282 kiyahspfSk] cs]sdh]. ,';nf/ gPh]nkL

jhYfhtpy] 31/911 jkpHh ]fSk]/ 31/748 kiyahspfSk]

cs]sdh] . ,UrhuUk] rk mstpy] cs]sdh] . Mdhy]

fkp#dplk] jkpHh]fs] btWk] 44 tpGf]fhL vd]W nfus muR

TwpapUf]fpd]wJ. jtput[k] fkp#d] ,e]j kiyg] gpunjr';fspy]

Kiwahf Rw]Wg] gazk] bra]ahkny/ kf]fis re]jpj ]J

epiyikfis bjupe ]J bfhs]shkny/ jkpHh ]fs] te ]J

nghfpwth]fs] vd]W murhy] brhy]yg]gl]lij mt]thnw xg]g[f]

bfhz]Ls]sdh]. jtput[k] 1954-y] ele]j rl]lkd]wj] njh]jypy]

,e]j ,U bjhFjpfspYk] ,Ue]J jp.j.eh.fh epWj]jpa ,U

ntl]ghsh]fSk] btw]wp bgw]Ws]sdh]. kiyahsp fh';fpu!]

ntl]ghsh]fs] gLnjhy]tpaile]jdh]. gPh]nkl]oy] jkpHh]fs]

btWk] 44 tpGf]fhL vd]why] jkpHh] ntl]ghsh] v';'dk] btw]wp

bgw Koa[k ]> vdnt kiyahspfSf]Fr ; rhjfkhf

mt]tpl';fis mspg ]gjw ]fhfnt fkp#d] fz]Lgpoj ]j

behz]of] fhuz';fshFk] mitfs] vd]gJ btl]l btspr]rk].

r pw ]W}h ] jhYfhitg] bghWj]jkl]oy] m';nf 91

tpGf]fhL jkpHh]fs] thH]fpd]wdh]. jtput[k] ,J brd]id

khfhzj]jpd] nfhak]g[j]J}h] khtl]lj]jpd] cs]spy] fUehlf

vy]iyapy] mike]Js]sJ. MapDk] ,t]tplj]ij nfusj]Jf]F

bfhLj]Jtpl]lJ fkp#d].

vdnt ,';nf jkpH] gpunjr';fis g';F itf]Fk] nghJ

nfusj]jpw;F bgUthup jkpH] ,l';fis fkp#d] bfhLj]J/

jkpHfj]Jf]F Xu t";rid bra]jJ. xU ,lj]jpy] kf]fs]

bjhifia vLj]Jf] TWfpwJ. ,d]bdhU ,lj]jpy] bkhHpia

Jizf]F vLj]Jf] bfhs]fpd]wdh] . ntbwhU ,lj]jpy]

bghUshjhuj]ij Jizf]F miHj]Jf] bfhs]fpd]wJ. jtput[k]

brd]id khfhz muR fkp#dplk] KG kdnjhL mqfp jkpH]

171 C[kúRôhPm

gpunjr';fis jkpH]ehl]Lld]jhd] ,izf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W

beUf]Fjy] juhkYk; tpl ]Ltpl ]ldh ] . mt]ntisapy]

bgUe]jiyth] fhkuhrh]jhd] jkpH]ehl]od] Kjyikr]ruhf

,Ue]jhh]. mJ rhh]ghf mth] ve]j tifapYk] KG kdJld]

Kaw]rp vLj]Jf] bfhs]stpy]iy. “nklhdhy] vd]d; Fskhdhy]

vd]d/ vy]yhnk xd]Wjhd]” vd]w epiyapy] mth] ,Ue]J

tpl ]lhh ] . jpU.nerkzpapd] ghy] mth ] bfhz]oUe]j

fhH]g]g[zh]thy]jhd] jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH] gpunjr';fis Fwpj]J

mth] thHhbtl]oahf ,Ue]jhh] vd]gJ bjspt[.

,izg]g[ ehshd 01.11.1956-y] ehfh]nfhtpy] v!].vy].gp.

cah ] epiy gs]sp ikjhdj]jpy ] ,izg]g [ tpHh ele]j

ntisapy] jkpH]ehL Kjyikr]rh] fh]ktPuh] fhkuhrh] Kf]fpa

tpUe]jpduhff; fye]J bfhz]L tpHhitr; rpwg ]g pj ]jhh ] .

mt]tikak] mtuJ Vw]g [iu nkny brhd]d fUj]Jf]Fr]

rhd]whf epd]wJ. mth] Twpdhh].

“,izg]g[ Kjy] ehsd]nw ,g]goahf nfhupf]if nky]

nfhupf]if mLf]fp itf]f eP';fs] Kw]gl]Ltpl]lhy]

nfl]gth]fs] eh';fs] c';fSf]F gythf]FWjpfs]

je]jjhf epidf]f khl]lhh ]fsh> mg]go ahuhtJ

c';fSf]F thf]FWjpfs] je]J brd]idnahL

,iza[k]go nfl]lhh]fsh>”

,e]j ngr]rpypUe]J ek]ghy]/ mth] bfhz]Ls]s vz]zk]

vd;d> vd;gJ btspg]gilahfj] bjupfpwJ my]yth>

ehDk] me]j epfH]r]rpapy] fye]J bfhz]ltd] vd]w

Kiwapy] mth] brhd]d ,d]bdhU fhupaj]ija[k ]

Fwpg ]gpl ]Lj]jhd] Mf ntz]Lk]. vd]Dlnd gy fy]Y}hp

khzth]fs] me]j tpHhtpy] fye]jJz]L. mth]fspy] xUth]jhd]

jpU.o.rpl]dp gpuhd]rp!]/ 203 bQd]owp bjU/ ehfh]nfhtpy] – 1.

172 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

vd;idg;nghd;W mth] ,d]Wk] thH]e]J tUfpwhh]. mth] jdJ

79-tJ mfitapy] thH]fpwhh ] . mth ] TWtija[k ] ehk ]

brtpkLg]nghk].

“jpU.fhkuhrh] mth]fs] ,izg]g[ ehs] Vw]g[iuapy]

,t]thW ngrpdhh ] : ‘eP' ;fs] nfusj]jpy ] ,Ue ]J

te]jpUf]fpwPh ]fs]. fy]tpapYk] bghUshjhuj]jpYk]

tsh]e]J cs]sPh]fs]. Muy]tha]bkhHpf]F fpHf]nf

cs]sth]fs] ,e]j epiyia vl]Ltjw]F ,d;Dk; gy

fhyk] ntz]Lk]. mJtiu c';fSf]F v';fshy]

xd]Wk] bra]a ,ayhJ. bra]at[k] khl]nlhk]. gpupe]J

te ]J jkpHh ]fnshL ,ize]J tpl ]nlhk ] vd ]w

epiwnthL kl]Lk] ,U';fs]. eP';fs] tpUk]gpdhy]

,d]nw c';fis kPz]Lk] nfusj]Jlnd nrUtjw]F

ehd] xG';F bra]ayhk]”. (ngl]o (ngl]o (ngl]o (ngl]o (ngl]o : E}yhrpupah] E}yhrpupah] E}yhrpupah] E}yhrpupah] E}yhrpupah] –ehs] 27 .08 .2010)ehs ] 27 .08 .2010)ehs ] 27 .08 .2010)ehs ] 27 .08 .2010)ehs ] 27 .08 .2010)

vdnt jkpHfj]jpd] Kjyikr]rh] jpU.fhkuhrh;

mth;fSf;F fd;dpahkhpj; jkpHh]fs; miHahj tpUe;jhspfs]jhd;.

mjdhy; jhd; ,e;j ,izg;ig mth] rpwpJk; tpUk;gtpy]iy.

,jdhy;jhd; jpU.nerkzpia nfus fh';fpuRld; xj;Jg]nghtw;F

gy;ntW re;jh]g;g';fspy; typa[Wj;jpdhh;. jtput[k; mtiuf]

Fiwj;Jk; gHpj;Jk; ngrpdhh;. mtUf;F vjpuhfr] bray;gLtjw;F

mf!;jP!;tuk; ehlhh] rKjhaj;ij Jhz;oaJ kl;Lky;yhky;/

gphptpid cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; gy Kaw;rpfs; vLj;Jf; bfhz;lh].

rhkpj;njhg;gg[g;gjp Kd]dhs] mw';fhtyh; jpU.ghyfpU#;zd;

ehlhiua[k;/ bghw;iwao thhp!;fhuh; jpU.g.jhqyp';fk;

ehlhiua[k; ,k;Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl itj;jtUk] ,tnuahthh].

mth;fsJ Kaw;rpfs; KGikahf btw;wpailatpy;iy

bad;whYk; mtw;wpd; jhf;fk; gpw]fhyj;jpy; ,';nf bghpjhf

czug;gl;lJ.

173 C[kúRôhPm

,izg;g[ ehsd;W jpU.nerkzpf;F kf;fs; mspj;j

bts;spf;Flk;/ jpU.fhkuhrUf;F md;gspg]ghf bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,t;thW ehlhh] kf;fspd; ,uz;L Ehw;whz;L fhykhf ele;j

gphptpidg; nghh; md]Wld] Kot[f;F te;jJ.

69. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiw 69. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiw 69. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiw 69. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiw 69. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiw :

ehlhh] rKjhaj;jpd; moikthH;t[ ,e;j kz;zpy; Rkhh]

200 Mz;Lfs; fHpe ;J Kotile;Jtpl]lJ. me;j moik

thH;tpypUe;J tpLjiy bgWtjw;F 1822-bjhl]L bjhlh;e;J gy

fhyfl;l';fshf cah]rhjpaplKk;/ mth;fsJ murplKk;

tpLjiyg;nghh;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld. 1822-y; g[ypg;g[dk; ,rf;fpkhld;

jz;ly;fhudpd; jiyikapYk;/ mjw;Fg; gpwF g[nuhl;l!;lhd;W

fpwp!;jt kp#pdhpfshd jpUthsh;fs; rhh;y!; kPL ma;ah;/ khy;l;

Iah;/ ngyP!; Iah;/ $hz; fhf;!; Iah;/ n$k;!; ury; Iah;/

nghd;wth;fspd; tHpfhl;lypYk;/ gpe;jpa fhy';fspy; nkf;nfhL

Mrhd; jpU.ehuhazd; ehlhh; jiyikapYk; ele;jd. ,Wjpahf

jpU.v.nerkzpapd; jiyikapy; 1947-Kjy; 1956 tiu ,t]tpLjiyg]

nghh] ele;jJ. ,e;j nghuhl;l';fspd; ,Wjp btw;wpia/ Fkhpj;

je;ij khh;#y; v.nerkzpapd; fhyj;jpy; bgWtjw;F Koe;jJ. ,e;j

btw;wpapd; ‘fdpahd’ fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;ij 1.11.1956 md;W

jha;j]jkpHfj;Jld; ,izj;jhh; jpU.nerkzp mth;fs;. ,jdhy;

mtiu "Fkhpj;je;ijFkhpj;je;ijFkhpj;je;ijFkhpj;je;ijFkhpj;je;ij" vd;W Twp rpwg;gpj;jdh; Fkhpehl;L kf;fs;.

,e;j ePz;lbjhU tpLjiyg; nghiuf; Fwpj;J ,e;ehisa

,isa jiyKiwf;F vJt[k; bjhpatpy;iy. ,d;W mth;fs;

j';F jilapd;wp mDgtpj;J tUfpd;w Rje;jpuj;ijg] nghd]W

mth;fsJ \jhijah;fSk] vt;tpj ,ila{WfSkpd;wp

thH;e;jdh; vd;W jg;g[f; fzf;F nghl;Ls;sdh;/ mjdhy; ,e;j

tpLjiyapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk] vd]d> vd]gij mth;fshy; ,d;W

czh;e;J bfhs;tjw;F ,aytpy]iy. ,j;jifa epfH;t[fs;

174 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ele;jpUf;Fkh> vd;Wk; mth]fs] Iak; bfhs;fpd;wdh;. md;W

ekJ \jhl;ofSk;/ \jhijah;fSk; miuFiw Milfs;jhd;

mzpa ntz;Lk; vd;w ,e;J cah; rhjpapdhpd; fhpridia

ek;g [tjw;fhf bjd;jhkiuFsk; ma;ah tHp epWtduhd

Kj;Jf;Fl;o vd;w KoNLk; bgUkhspd; jhahUk;/

kidtpa[k;/ mtiu bjhl;oy; ghilapy; jpUr;bre;Jhh; KUfd;

nfhapYf;F Rke;J brd;W fly; ePuhLk; fhl;rpia ,';nf

mr;rpLfpd;nwhk;.

,e]jg; glk] fd]dpahFkhp/ uapy]epiyak] mUfhikapy]

jpU. Fkhp mde]jdhy] epWtg]gl]oUf]Fk] ‘gz]ghl]L ikaj]jpy]’jj]+gkhf rpj]jupf]fg]gl]oUg]gjpy] ,Ue]J fl]lzk] fl;o

g[ifg]glkhf vLj]jjhFk]. ,g]bghGjhtJ ,isa rKjhak]

ekJ \jhijah]fspd] md]iwa epiy vt]thW ,Ue]jJ vd]gij

czh]thh]fs] vd]W vz]qfpnwhk]. me]j epiyapy] ,Ue]J

,d]iwa epiyf]F tUtjw]fhf ehlhh] r\fj]jpy] kWkyh]r]rpia

cUthf]fpj] je]jth]fs] rPh;jpUj]jf; fpwp!]jtr] rkaj] bjhz]lh]fs]

175 C[kúRôhPm

kl;Lkhth; vd]gij kiwg]gjw]nfh/ kWg]gjw]nfh ,y]iy.

,j]jifa kWkyh]r]rp cUthFtjw]F mth]fs] M';fpyf]

fy]tpiaa[k]/ mj]Jlnd jha] bkhHpf] fy]tpiaa[k] ekf]Fj]

je]jdh]. ,e]j xLf]fg]gl]l r\fj]jpd] fy]tpf] fz]fisj]

j pwe ]jth ]fSk] mth ]fnsahth ] . mjdhy ] vjpu pTl

bghwhik bfhs]Sk] mst[f;F ,e]j xLf]fg]gl]l rKjhak]

fy]tpapYk] / bghUshuhjj ;jpYk] rKjha me]j!]jpYk]

cah ]e ]jJ. vdnt ,e ]j kWkyh ]r ]r pa pd ] tuyhWfis

,d]iwa ,isa rKjhak] cd]dpg ]g [ld] fw]f ntz]Lk].

mwpth] o.gPl]lh]/ kw]Wk] mwpth] jpUkjp. Itp gPl]lh] vGjpa

“kiyahsp Mjpf ]fKk] jkpHh ]fs ] tpLjiya[k ]” vd ]w

Ma]t[ E}iyf] fl]lhak] gof]f ntz]Lk] vd]W Mnyhrid

TWfpnwd].

70. xU ehlhh; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk; 70. xU ehlhh; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk; 70. xU ehlhh; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk; 70. xU ehlhh; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk; 70. xU ehlhh; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk; :

jpUtpjh';Th; jkpH;ehL fh';fpurpd; elgofs] ehlhh]

rKjhaj;jpy; kl;Lnk bgUk; jhf;fj;ij cUthf;fpd/ ,th;fs;

elj;jpa gpur ;rhuf] Tl;l';fspy; g';Fbfhz;lth;fspy;

bgUthhpahdth;fs; ehlhh]fs; kl;Lnk.

“etk;gh] 11-k; ehs;(1947) tpst';nfhL jhYfhtpYs;s

ghnfhL vd;w Chpy; ikjPd; gps;is vd;w tHf;fwp"hpd;

jiyikapy; elj; ;jg]gl;l xU Tl;lj;jpy;… mg;gFjpiar;

nrh;e;j ehlhh; rKjhaj;jpd; Rkhh; 500ngh] fye;J bfhz;ldh].

(File No.D.Dis.424/1947-C.S English Record/ Kerala StateArchieves/ Trivandrum as quoted by Dr.Ivy Peter and Dr. D.Peterin their book” Malayali Adikkamum, Thamilar Vidhuthalayum-page.106.)

“etk;gh; 12-k; ehs; tpst';nfhL jhYfhitr; nrh;e;j

gh";rptpis vd;w Chpy; rhk; ej;jhdpnay; jiyikapy; ele;j

176 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Tl;lj;jpYk; mg;gFjp[iar; rhh;e;j Rkhh; 500 ehlhh;fs; fye;J

bfhz;ldh;…”. (mnj g[j;jfk](mnj g[j;jfk](mnj g[j;jfk](mnj g[j;jfk](mnj g[j;jfk] – gf]fk]gf]fk]gf]fk]gf]fk]gf]fk] – 107)

“About 500 persons, mostly Nadars of the locality attended.The speakers appealed to the Tamilians in general andNadars in particular to stand united under the Tamil NaduCongress. They also warned the Nadars against falling aprey to the tricks played by the state Congressities to get thesupport of the Nadars in the elections”. (From the I.G.of Police to the Registrar, Huzur Secretariat dated14.11.1947 – as quoted in the above book – page 107)

“etk]gh] 15-k] ehs] FHpj]Jiwapy] jp.j.eh.fh rhh]gpy] xU

gpukhz]lkhd Tl]lk] elj]jg]gl]lJ. Rkhh] 30/000 ngh] jpuz]oUe]j

mf]Tl]lj]jpw]F ehfh]nfhtpiyr] rhh]e ]j tHf]fwp"h]

rptuhkgps]is jiyik jh';fpdhh]”. (Ibid – Page 107)

“etk]gh] 16-k] ehs] fy]Fsk] jhYfhtpYs]s iknyhL

vd]w Cupy] ele]j Tl]lj]jpw]F rpjk]guehjd] ehlhh] jiyik

tfpj]jhh]. khiy 6 kzpf]F jp.j.eh.fh';fpurhh] jp';fs]re]ij

re]jpg ]g pypUe]J Tl]lk ] ele ]j ,lj]Jf]F te]jdh ] .

,f]Tl]lj]jpy] mg]gFjpiar] nrh]e]j Rkhh] 5/000 ehlhh]fs]

fye]J bfhz]ldh]”. (Files D-Dis supra cited as quoted inthe above book – page 107)

Thennithottam : “All the speakers condemned the attitude of theNairs towards the Tamilians. About 4,000 persons mostly Nadarsattended”. (From the I.G. of Police to the Registrar, HuzurSecretariat, dated 18.11.1947 – Ibid – Page 108)

Vanniyoor : “About 2000 persons, mostly Nadars were present– (21.11.1947) (From the I.G. of Police to the Registrar, HuzurSecretariat, dated 18.11.1947 – Ibid – Page 108)

177 C[kúRôhPm

“… About 5,000 persons, mostly Nadars attended. ThePresident A. Nesamony criticised the report of the ReformsCommittee and pointed out the inadequate representation givento S.I.U.C. Christians, and depressed classes such as Asaris,Kammalars etc in the Tamil Areas. Tamilians have once for alldecided to establish a Tamil province in the state even at the riskof their lives”. (From the I.G. of Police to the Registrar, HuzurSecretariat, dated 27.11.1947 – Ibid – Page 108)

,njnghd]W fy]Fsk] kw ]Wk] tpst';nfhL

jhYfhf]fspy] gy rpw ]W}h ]fspy] tpsf]ff ]Tl]l';fis

jp.j.eh.fhtpdh] elj]jpa[s]sdh]. midj]J Tl]l';fspYk] ehlhh]

kf]fns ToapUe;jdh;. gpw rKjha';fisr] rhh]e]jth]fs]

m';nf fhzg]gltpy]iy.

,itfSf]bfy]yhk] g[wk;ghf/ Mf!]L 11-k] ehs] 1954-

y] tpLjiy ehs] nghuhl]l';fspy] Jg]ghf]fpr] R{l]oy] caph]

gwpf ]fg ]gl ]l 11 ngh ]fspy] ,Utiuj] jtpu Vidath]fs]

midtUk] ehlhh] bgUkf]fnsahth].

,jw]F Kd]g[/ 12.02.1948 kw]Wk] 14.02.1948 Md ehl]fspy]

Rl]Lf] bfhy]yg]gl]l ,UtUk] ehlhh] kf]fnsahth]. ,e]jj;

Jg]ghf]fpr] R{LfSld] gl]lk] jhqgps]is muR epd]Wtpltpy]iy.

bjhLtl]oapYk/ g[Jf]filapYk] Jg]ghf]fpr ]R{L ele]j

11-08-1954 ehs] bjhl]L/ Kjyikr]rh] jpU.gl]lk] jhqgps]is

uh$pdhkh bra]j 14.02.1955 tiuapy] ,ilg]gl]l 188 ehl]fs;

gfypYk]/ ,utpYk] ehlhh] kf]fis kl]Lk] Fwp itj]J kiyahsp

rpwg]g[f] fhty]Jiwapdh] ifJ bra]J rpj]jputijfs] elj]jpdh].

,t]thW rpj]jputijg]gl]L btsp te]jth]fspy; jp.j.eh.fh.

jiyik mYtyfj;Jf;F j';fs; ntjidia vGj;J \yk;

bjuptpj;jth;fs;. Rkhh] 228 ngh]. tl]lhu thapyhf ,th]fspd]

vz]zpf]iffs] fPH] jug]gLfpd]wd.

178 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

1. Mw]W}h] tl]lhuk] - 9 ngh]

2. nkf]fhkz]lgk] tl]lhuk] - 4 ngh]

3. \yr]ry] tl]lhuk] - 13 ngh]

4. jf]fiy tl]lhuk] - 19 ngh]

5. tpy]Yf]Fwp tl]lhuk] - 9 ngh]

6. bea]a{h] tl]lhuk] - 7 ngh]

7. bfhw]wpnfhL tl]lhuk] - 6 ngh]

8. FHpf]nfhL tl]lhuk] - 4 ngh]

9. fg]gpaiw tl]lhuk] - 11 ngh]

10. MWnjrk] tl]lhuk] - 19 ngh]

11. ig';Fsk] tl]lhuk] - 12 ngh]

12. Fd]dj]J}h] tl]lhuk] - 7 ngh]

13. fps]spa{h] tl]lhuk] - 11 ngh]

14. VGnjrk] tl]lhuk] - 8 ngh]

15. bfhy]y';nfhL tl]lhuk] - 5 ngh]

16. khh]j]jhz]lk] tl]lhuk] - 34 ngh]

17. el]lhyk] tl]lhuk] - 11 ngh]

18. FHpj]Jiw tl]lhuk] - 11 ngh]

19. tpst';nfhL tl]lhuk] - 10 ngh]

20. ghnfhL tl]lhuk] - 14 ngh]

21. mUkid tl]lhuk] - 6 ngh]

bkhj ]jk ]bkhj ]jk ]bkhj ]jk ]bkhj ]jk ]bkhj ]jk ] ----- 228 ngh ]228 ngh ]228 ngh ]228 ngh ]228 ngh ]

(mwpth] o.gPl ]lh ] – Fkhp khtl]l tpLjiy/

fy]Fsk] – tpst';nfhL ehlhh] kf]fs] je]j

tpiy – gf]fk] 27 Kjy] 185 tiu)

179 C[kúRôhPm

,e]j 228 ngh]fisa[k] moj]Jk]/ cijj]Jk]/ ,oj]Jk]/

Kwpj]Jk]/ th]kj]jpy] Fj]jpa[k]/ td]kkpiHj]jdh] kiyahs

fhty]Jiwapdh]. tpLjiyahfp te]jth]fspy] gyh] uj]jthe]jp

vLj]J caph ] ,He]jdh ] . ,th ]fs] midtUk] ehlhh ]

kf]fnsahth]. ,th]fisj] jtpu jpUbey]ntyp khtl]lk]

brd]W m";"hjthrk] nkw]bfhz]lth]fs] Rkhh] 3000-f]Fk]

nky] . ,k]khtl;lj ]jpy ] fhLfSf]Fr ] brd]W kiwe]J

epd]wth]fs] 1500-f]Fk] mjpfk]. ,th]fs] midtUk] ehlhh]

kf]fnsahth]. rpiw brd]W rpj]jputijg]gl]lth]fspy] eh"]rpy]

ehl]L bts]shk]gps]isfnsh/ mf!]jP!]tuk] ehlhh] kf]fnsh

vtUk] ,y]iy vd]gij ftdj]jpy] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]. Mdhy]

jpahfpfs] tupirapy] muR Xa]t{jpak] bgWfpd]wth]fspd]

vz]zpf]ifnah eh"]rpy] ehl]oy] Vuhsk]. vd]nd gpj]jyhl]lk]>

Mifahy] jp.j.eh.fhtpd] ,e]j nghuhl]lk] ehlhh]

kf ]fspd] tpLjiyia Kd] itj]J elj]jg ]gl ]l ehlhh ]

kf]fspd] ,Wjp tpLjiyg] nghuhl]lk] vd]gJ Mtz';fspd]

mog]gilapy] bka]g]gpf]fg]gLfpwJ. ,jdhy]jhd] gpw jkpH]

rKjha';fshd bts]shsh]fs]/ kPdth]fs]/ jypj ]Jfs]/

,Ryhkpah]fs]/ brl]ofs] nghd]wth]fs] j';fsJ KG ,Uja

Rj]jpa[ld] ,g]nghuhl]l';fspy] fye]J bfhs]stpy]iy.

“K!]yPk] rKjhaj]jpdupd] Mjuitg] bgWtjw]fhf

mth]fs] bgUghd]ikahf trpf]Fk] jpUtpjh';nfhL

gFjpfspy] bghJf]Tl]l';fs] elj]jg]gl]ld. jkpHh]fs]

vd]w Kiwapy] j';fs] jhh]kPf Mjuitf] bfhLf]f

mth]fs] Kd] te]j nghjpYk]/ ,t]tpaf]fj]jpy] nrh]e]J

mjd] bray]ghLfspy] <LgLtij mth]fs] tpUk]gtpy]iy”.

(Kerala State archieves : File No DDis 424/47 – CSEnglish records – as quoted by Mrs. Ivy Peter –MalayaleeAdikkayamum Thamilar Viduthalaiyum – Page 109)

180 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

“fj]njhypf]f rKjhaj]jpdupd] Mjuitg] bgWtjpy]

vLj]Jf] bfhz]l Kaw]rpapy] KG btw]wpailatpy]iy. kiyahs

ghjpupkhh]fspd] fl]Lg]ghl]oypUe]j g';Ffspy] jkpH] ,af]fj]Jf]F

Mjut[ bfhLg]gij mth]fs] jil bra]jdh]. fj]njhypf]f

rKjhaj]jpy] bgUk]ghd]ikahf ,Ue]jth]fs] kPdth]fs]. ,th]fs]

bgUk]ghYk] kiyahs ghjpupkhh]fspd] fl]Lg]ghl]onyna

,Ue]jdh]. jkpH] fj]njhypf]f rKjhaj]jpdh] jp.j.eh. fh';fpuir

Mjupf]f ntz]lhk] vd]Wk] A.J.$hz]/ P.T.rhf]nfh/ mf]fk]kh

brwpahd] Mfpnahh] m';fkhf ,Uf]Fk] rk!]jhd fh';fpuirna

Mjupf]f ntz]Lk] vdt[k] ntz]Lnfhs] tpLj]J Jz]Lg] gpuRu';fs]

mr]rpl]L btspaplg]gl]ld”. (Ibid – Page 109)

“giwah] rKjhaj]jpdUk] ,t]tpaf]fj]jpw]Fj] j';fs]

Mjuitf] bfhLf]ftpy]iy. mfpy jpUtpjh';Th]

gl]oif rKjhaj]jpdupd] Tl]likg]g[ (All TravancoreSchedule Caste Federation) vd]w xU mikg]ig

Vw]gLj]jp/ mjd] rhh]gpy] gy Tl]l';fs] elj]jp jp.j.eh.

fh';fpuir vjph ]j ]Jg ] g pur ]rhuk ] bra]jdh ]” .

(Ibid – Page – 110)

“1947 – etk]gh] khjj]jpy] fy]Fsk] jhYfhtpYs]s

gpuk]kg[uk] vd]w Cupy] fpU#]zd]tif rKjhaj]ijr]

nrh]e]j Kf]fpa jiyth]fspy] xUtuhd bfhr]rg]gd]

gps]is vd]gth] jp.j.eh.fh rhh]gpy] xU Tl]lk] elj]j

xG';F bra]jhh ] . fpU#]zd]tif rKjhaj]ij

nrh ]e ]j Rkhh ] 1000 ngh ] m';F jpuz]L te]J

mr]rKjhaj]jpd] rhh ]g py ] m';F Tl]lk ] elj]jf ]

Tlhbjd]W Tr]rypl]ldh]”. (Ibid – Page – 110)

“bts]shsh] kfhrig vd]w mth]fsJ rKjha mikg]g[

mjd] cWg]gpdh]fis jp.j.eh.fh';fpurpypUe]J tpyfp

epw]FkhWk]/ njh]jypy] jp.j.eh.fh';fpuRf]F thf]fspf]ff]

Tlhbjd]Wk] mwpt[Wj]jpaJ”. (Ibid – Page – 111)

181 C[kúRôhPm

“nfus Kjypr; rKjhaj]jpdUk] ,t]tpaf]fj]jpy] Mh]tk]

fhl]ltpy]iy. E}y] chpkk] bgWtjw]F murpd] Mjut[

fpilg]gjw]fhf mth]fs] jp.j.eh.fh';fpurpypUe]J tpyfp

epd]wnjhL jpUtpjh';Th ] rk!]jhd fh';fpu!]

,af]fj]jpYk] jPtpukhf <Lgl]ldh]”. (Ibid – Page – 111)

Mifahy] Fkhp khtl]lj]jpy] cs]s ehlhh]fisj]

jtpu gpw rKjhaj]jth]fs] midtUk] ,g]nghuhl]lj]jpw]F

vjpuhf bray]gl]Ls]sdh]. njhthisj] jhYfhtpy]

bts]shsh]fs]jhd] bgUk]ghd]ikapdh]. m';nf jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!]

rhh]gpy] njh ]jypy] epWj]jg ]gl ]l ntl]ghsh ]fs] vd]Wk]

btd]wjpy]iy. Vd]> bts]shsuhd jpU.gp.v!].kzp Tl/

jp .j.eh.fh ntl]ghsuhf ,j]bjhFjpapy ] nghl ]oapl ]Lk ]

njhy]tpiaj]jhd] fz]lhh]. ,Jjhd] md]iwa epiy. vdnt/

jpUtpjh';Th] jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] vd]gJ KGf]f KGf]f xU

ehlhh] mikg]ghf ,Ue]jJ. mth]fsJ tpLjiy ntz]o

ehlhh ]fs] gy ,d]dy]fisa[k ] caph ]j ]jpahf';fisa[k ]

bra]jdh]. Kothf btw]wpa[k] bgw]wdh].

71. mj]J kPwy]fSk]/ Jau';fSk] 71. mj]J kPwy]fSk]/ Jau';fSk] 71. mj]J kPwy]fSk]/ Jau';fSk] 71. mj]J kPwy]fSk]/ Jau';fSk] 71. mj]J kPwy]fSk]/ Jau';fSk] :

11.08.1954 md]W khh ]j ]jhz]lj ]jpy ] g pw ]gfy] 1 .30

kzpastpYk]/ g [Jf]filapy] khiy 5.00 kzpastpYk]/

jp.j.eh.fh';fpu!] bghJf] Tl]lj]jpdh] kPJ fz]\oj]jdkhf

nghyP!] gy]Kiwr] Rl]ldh]. ,jpy]/ khh]j]jhz]lj]jpy] MW

egh]fSk]/ g[Jf]filapy] ItUk] caph] ,He]jdh]. mj]Jlnd

nghyP!] ml]?Hpak] epd]Wtpltpy]iy. bjhlh]e]J/ 188 ehl]fs]

nghyP!]fhuh]fspd] bfhs]isaoj]jy]/ tPLfs] NiwahLjy]/

kf]fis mr]RWj]jp gzk] gwpj]jy]/ fz]lhy] mwpa[e]eth]fisf;

ifJ bra]jy] nghd]w r\jha tpnuhjr] bray]fs] Vuhsk]

ele]jd. mnj ntisapy] fy]Fsk]/ tpst';nfhL kw]Wk]

182 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

jpUtde]jg [uk ] r piwr ]rhiyfspy] milf]fg ]goUe]j

bjhz]lh]fs] mile]j rpiwj] Jau';fs] brhy]ypy]yl';fh.

1919 Vg]uy] 13-k] ehs] g";rhg] khfhzj]jpy] mkph]jru!]

Chpy] ,Uf]fpd]w $hypad] thyhghf] rJf]fj]jpy] ele]j

Jg]ghf ]fpr ] Nl]oy] caphpHe ]jth ]fs] 400-f ]Fk] nky]/

fhaKw]wth ]fs] Rkhh ] 2500. me]j rJf]fj ]jpy ] ,Ue]j

ghH]fpzw]wpy] Fjpj]J caph] ePj]jth]fspd] vz]zpf]ifapd]

mjpfhug]g{h]t fzf]F ,d]W tiu mwpa Koatpy]iy. ,e]j

gLbfhiy ele]jJ M';fpnyah ]fspd] Vfhjpgj ]jpa

Ml]rpfhyj]jpy]. Mdhy] me]j Jauk] md]nwhL mjhtJ

13.04.1919 ehs] kl]Lk] ele]J epd]W tpl]lJ. mjw]Fg] gpwF

nghyP!]fhuh]fspd] euntl]ilj] bjhlutpy]iy. mth]fs]

bjhlh]e]J kf]fisj] Jaug]gLj]jt[kpy]iy.

Mdhy] gl]lk] jhDgps]isapd] kiyahsp nghyPrhupd]

euntl]il 11.08.1954 Kjy] 04.02.1955 tiu mjhtJ ikNh]

cah]ePjpkdwj]jpy] VG rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh]fSk] $hkPdpy]

tpLtpf]fg]gLk] tiu/ mjhtJ 188 ehl]fs] jpUtpjh';Th]

jkpH]ehL fh';fpu!] bjhz]lh]fs] kPJ bjhlh] td]bfhLikfs]

,iHf]fg]gl]ld. mj]jifaf] bfhLikfspd] jd]ikfis

mDgtpj]jth]fs] thapyhf nfl]Fk;nghJ ekJ be"]rk]

btoj]JtpLk] nghyj; njhd]Wk].

,e]jr] bra]jpfs] midj]Jk] lhf]lh].O.gPl]lh] vGjp

btspapl ]l “Fkhp khtl ]l tpLjiy/ fy]Fsk] -Fkhp khtl ]l tpLjiy/ fy]Fsk] -Fkhp khtl ]l tpLjiy/ fy]Fsk] -Fkhp khtl ]l tpLjiy/ fy]Fsk] -Fkhp khtl ]l tpLjiy/ fy]Fsk] -

tpst';nfhL ehlhh ] kf ]fs] je ]j tpiy 1948 tpst';nfhL ehlhh ] kf ]fs] je ]j tpiy 1948 tpst';nfhL ehlhh ] kf ]fs] je ]j tpiy 1948 tpst';nfhL ehlhh ] kf ]fs] je ]j tpiy 1948 tpst';nfhL ehlhh ] kf ]fs] je ]j tpiy 1948 to 1954 1954 1954 1954 1954"vd]w g[j]jfj]jpypUe]J vLj]jhsg]gl]Ls]sjhFk].

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . Kjd]Kjyhf jpUtde]jg [uk ] muR rl ]lf ] fy]Y}h pKjd]Kjyhf jpUtde]jg [uk ] muR rl ]lf ] fy]Y}h pKjd]Kjyhf jpUtde]jg [uk ] muR rl ]lf ] fy]Y}h pKjd]Kjyhf jpUtde]jg [uk ] muR rl ]lf ] fy]Y}h pKjd]Kjyhf jpUtde]jg [uk ] muR rl ]lf ] fy]Y}h p

khztd]/ jf]fiyiar] rhh]e]j jpU.khztd]/ jf]fiyiar] rhh]e]j jpU.khztd]/ jf]fiyiar] rhh]e]j jpU.khztd]/ jf]fiyiar] rhh]e]j jpU.khztd]/ jf]fiyiar] rhh]e]j jpU.S.M. "hdg]gpufhrk"hdg]gpufhrk"hdg]gpufhrk"hdg]gpufhrk"hdg]gpufhrk]] ]] ]

vGJtijg] ghh ]h ]nghk ] .vGJtijg] ghh ]h ]nghk ] .vGJtijg] ghh ]h ]nghk ] .vGJtijg] ghh ]h ]nghk ] .vGJtijg] ghh ]h ]nghk ] .

183 C[kúRôhPm

“……I was a law student studying in the TrivanduramLaw College …. on Saturday the 14th (August 1954) I startedfrom Trivandrum and reached my native town Thuckalay at about8.30 A.M. When I was walking home from the bus stand theSub-Inspector of police Mr. Kuttikrishna Menon arrested me andtook me to the police station”.

“….. The P.C. Achuthan came from the Inspector’s roomand asked me to remove my shirt. Then he took my money purseand hand it over to Thanupillay (P.C.5888)…. Then the abovementioned Achuthan took me to the Western end of the passagethat runs north of the biggest Lock-up. He then caught me by myhair and pressed my neck down, placed my neck in between histwo thighs and began pounding me with his right elbow at thelower part of my back. The three other constables who werestanding by joined with him in the terrible process. The four beganpounding me on my back in quick succession with elbows, fistand heels. Each blow came down upon me with such a force thatmy back began to sink lower and lower down while neck got inthe tight hold of the thighs. At last I found myself lying flat on myface, the constables still kicking me with the heels. I yelled like adog in pain and crawled like a worm on the floor. This inhumanprocess continued for about 10 minutes until at last the Sub-Inspector who had either given permission or ordered the constableto test heir hands upon me who had all along been hearing myhelpless cries of agony came and stopped it”.

“Sir, words fail to describe the magnitude of the sufferingswe suffered in the police station. Every thing that befell on usafter August 11th was some thing repugnant to human nature andhuman dignity. It was degrading to the hearer the sufferers. Every

184 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Lock up room was an unworthy of a democratic country. I didnot feel it like one run by a civilized country. On the other hand Ifelt as if I had fallen into the hands of an uncivilized barbarous aand brutish who had neither any sense of justice nor any humanitywe were not treated like human beings”. (Ibid-Page 52,53,54)

xd]Wkwpahj rl]lf]fy]Y}hp khztDf]nf ,e]j fjp

vd]why] rhjhuz kdpjdpd] fjp vt]thW ,Ue]jpUf]Fk]>

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . jpU.$p .Kj]Jehafk] / xU murh';f CHpah ] . Mth ]jpU.$p .Kj]Jehafk] / xU murh';f CHpah ] . Mth ]jpU.$p .Kj]Jehafk] / xU murh';f CHpah ] . Mth ]jpU.$p .Kj]Jehafk] / xU murh';f CHpah ] . Mth ]jpU.$p .Kj]Jehafk] / xU murh';f CHpah ] . Mth ]

jdJ gzp epkpj ]jk ] fhg ]g pf ]fhL tHpahfjdJ gzp epkpj ]jk ] fhg ]g pf ]fhL tHpahfjdJ gzp epkpj ]jk ] fhg ]g pf ]fhL tHpahfjdJ gzp epkpj ]jk ] fhg ]g pf ]fhL tHpahfjdJ gzp epkpj ]jk ] fhg ]g pf ]fhL tHpahf

gle ]jhY\l]Lf ]F brd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . mth ]gle ]jhY\l]Lf ]F brd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . mth ]gle ]jhY\l]Lf ]F brd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . mth ]gle ]jhY\l]Lf ]F brd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . mth ]gle ]jhY\l]Lf ]F brd]W bfhz]oUe]jhh ] . mth ]

vGJfpwhh ]vGJfpwhh ]vGJfpwhh ]vGJfpwhh ]vGJfpwhh ]:

“……fhg]gpf]fhl]oy] itj]J jpObud uprh]t] nghyPrhhpd]

ntd] tUtijf] fz]nld]. vdJ Kd]dpiyapy] te]jJk]

ntfkhf epWj]jpdhh ]fs] . ntdpy] cs]spypUe]J

“btoitf]fDk]” vd]w FuYk]/ “khfhzk] mikf]fhdhq

fl]rp bghUe]E” vd]W brhy]yp yj]jpahYk]/ njf]F \lhYk]

,oj]jdh]. clnd ntdpy] Vw]wp g{l]!] fhyhy] KJfpy] kpjpj]J/

khfhzk] ntqnkhlh/ nerkzp jd]nw uhrh jd]dpnahlh”vd]Wk] / “,';n'h ]f ]Fk] Fnwf]Tl khfhzj]jpy ] g';F

bfhLf]fzky]nyh”/ vd]Wk]/ “,e]jh gpor]Rnrh tpst';nfhL

khfhzk]” vd]Wk] itj]J ,of]F nky] ,o ,oj]jdh]. gpd]dh]

vdJ ifapypUe]J igiy th';fp ghh]j]jdh]. “vtpnl ahznlh

epdf]F n$hyp” vd]Wk]/ ghk]Th] ,d]!]wf]blh] vd]W mwpe]jJk]

“fUg]g[fl]oahnzhlh” vd]Wk] Twp ,oj]jdh]. gpd] ifapy]

gpr]rhj]jp ty]yJk] cz]nlh vd]W ,Lg]g[/ ghf]bfl] vy]yhk]

ghh]itapl]ldh]. mg]nghJ ifapy] ,Ue]j +ghia 98-14-0

fz]lJk] vLj]jdh]. gpd] g[Jf]filapy] ntid epWj]jpdh]. rpyh]

cs]spUe]J vd]id bfhLikahf jhf]fpdh]. mjpy] uj]jKk]

185 C[kúRôhPm

gPwpl]lJ. gpd] Vz]lh fUg]g[fl]o/ !]nl#dpy] brd]W fUg]g[fl]o

fha]f]fqk] vd]W brhy]yp moia epWj]jpdh]. ehd] \r]rw]Wf;

fple]njd]....” (gf]fk] - 109 - 110)(gf]fk] - 109 - 110)(gf]fk] - 109 - 110)(gf]fk] - 109 - 110)(gf]fk] - 109 - 110)

3. 3. 3. 3. 3. D . uhika]ad]/ kUJ}h ] Fwpr ]rp/. uhika]ad]/ kUJ}h ] Fwpr ]rp/. uhika]ad]/ kUJ}h ] Fwpr ]rp/. uhika]ad]/ kUJ}h ] Fwpr ]rp/. uhika]ad]/ kUJ}h ] Fwpr ]rp/

“……ehd] nfhh ]l ] kwpaYf]F Mf!]L 11-k ] njjp

nghapUe]njd]. gs]spaho rg] bu$p!]l]uhh] Mgp!] Kd] itj]J

mu!]L Mndd]. ntdpy] Vw]wp Rw]wp te]jhh]fs]. tHpapy]

fz]lth]fisbay]yhk] ntdpy] Vw]wp moj]jhh]fs]. Mf!]L

12-k] njjp Kjy] vy]nyhiua[k] ,wf]fptpl]L moa[k] ,oa[k]

je]jhh]fs]. nfo bghd]dg]gd] Mrhhpapd] nghjidahy] vd]id

gpuj]jpnafk] !]nl#d] gpd]gf]fk] bfhz]L ngha] ,oj]jdh].

ehd] ka';fp tpGe]njd] ......”. (gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] - 76)

4. tpst';nfhL MWnjrk] bfhr ]Rehlhh ] bry]yd]4. tpst';nfhL MWnjrk] bfhr ]Rehlhh ] bry]yd]4. tpst';nfhL MWnjrk] bfhr ]Rehlhh ] bry]yd]4. tpst';nfhL MWnjrk] bfhr ]Rehlhh ] bry]yd]4. tpst';nfhL MWnjrk] bfhr ]Rehlhh ] bry]yd]

TWfpwhh ]TWfpwhh ]TWfpwhh ]TWfpwhh ]TWfpwhh ] :

“……1954 Mf!]L 11-k] jpajp fhe]jp ikjhdj]jpy]

,Ue]J g[wg]gl]l nfhh]l] kwpay] ghh]l]o 17 nghpy] ehDk] xUtd]...

moahYk] ,oahYk] fPnH tpGe]j vd]id fhyhy] kpjpj]jhh]fs].

gpd] yhf]fg]gpy] milj]jhh]fs]. 2.00 kzpf]F nky] nghyP!] !]nl#d]

xU bfhiyf]fskhdJ. khiyapy] E}w]Wf]fzf]fzf]fhd

ngiu bfhz]L te]J gLj]jpaghL brhy]ynth/ vGjnth

KoahJ. brj]j gpz';fshf ,Gj]J te]jhh ]fs] . gae]J

eL';fpndhk].......” . (gf]fk] - 77)(gf]fk] - 77)(gf]fk] - 77)(gf]fk] - 77)(gf]fk] - 77)

5. Fz]logl]L gLfhak] mile]j MWnjrk] F";Rfhsp5. Fz]logl]L gLfhak] mile]j MWnjrk] F";Rfhsp5. Fz]logl]L gLfhak] mile]j MWnjrk] F";Rfhsp5. Fz]logl]L gLfhak] mile]j MWnjrk] F";Rfhsp5. Fz]logl]L gLfhak] mile]j MWnjrk] F";Rfhsp

j';fuh$] vGJfpwhh ]j' ;fuh$] vGJfpwhh ]j' ;fuh$] vGJfpwhh ]j' ;fuh$] vGJfpwhh ]j' ;fuh$] vGJfpwhh ]:

“……Mf!]L 11-k ] jpajp g [Jf ]filapy] ele ]j

Tl]lj]Jf]F brd]wpUe]njd]. Tl]lk] bjhl';fp rpwpJ neuj]jpy]

nghyP!] Rl]l rj]jk] nfl]lJ. Tl]lk] fiye]J XoaJ. tyJ

186 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ifg[$j]jpdUfyha] Xh] Fz]L te]J gha]e]jJ. \h]r]iraw]W

tpGe]njd]. gpd] kWehs] fhiyapy] tpHpj]njd]. gf]fj]J tPl]L

gd]wp tsh]f]Fk] Tl]od] nky] fple]njd]. J}f]fp nghl]lth] ahh]

vd]W bjhpahJ. vdf]F vGe]J elf]fnth/ epw]fnth KoahJ.

gpd]ghfk] gha]e]j Fz]L khh]gpy] ehYtpuy] tPjpapy] Jisj]Jf]

bfhz]L nghapUe]jJ. vd] mz]zd]khh]fs] te]J J}f]fp

tPl]Lf]Ff] bfhz]L nghdhh]fs]. gpd] xU lhf]lhplk] ufrpakha]

rpfpl]ir bgw]nwd]. 4 khj';fSf]F gpwF lhf]lh]. kj]jpahrplk]

rpfpl]ir bgw]nwd]. vdf]F jpUk]g KoahJ - if mirj]J

ntiy bra]a KoahJ. . . . . .” (gf]fk] -77)(gf]fk] -77)(gf]fk] -77)(gf]fk] -77)(gf]fk] -77)

6. MWnjrk] rhkp bghd]ida]ah TWfpwhh ]6. MWnjrk] rhkp bghd]ida]ah TWfpwhh ]6. MWnjrk] rhkp bghd]ida]ah TWfpwhh ]6. MWnjrk] rhkp bghd]ida]ah TWfpwhh ]6. MWnjrk] rhkp bghd]ida]ah TWfpwhh ]:

“……1954 Mf!]L 11-y ] g [Jf ]fil Tl]lj ]Jf]F

nghndd]. Tl]lk] ele]J bfhz]oUe]j nghJ btor]rj]jk]

nfl]lJ. rpyh] btogl]L fPnH tpGe]jdh]. ehDk] Xondd].

tyJ fhy] Jilapy] Jg]ghf]fp Fz]L gha]e]jJ. ehd] tpHpj]J

ghh]f]Fk] nghJ bea]a{h] M!]gj]jphpapy] ,Ue]njd]. ,uzpay]

P.C. te]J bfl]lthh]j]ijfshy] Vrpdhh] . . . . ,g]bghJ vdf]F

elkhl KoahJ .......”. (g(g(g(g(gf]fk] - 79)f]fk] - 79)f]fk] - 79)f]fk] - 79)f]fk] - 79)

7. rhKnty] ehlhh ] kfd] jhrd] elhh ] vGJfpwhh ]7. rhKnty] ehlhh ] kfd] jhrd] elhh ] vGJfpwhh ]7. rhKnty] ehlhh ] kfd] jhrd] elhh ] vGJfpwhh ]7. rhKnty] ehlhh ] kfd] jhrd] elhh ] vGJfpwhh ]7. rhKnty] ehlhh ] kfd] jhrd] elhh ] vGJfpwhh ]

“……filapy ] Ml ]fis fhzhj Mj ]j puj ]j py ]

nkiria cilj]J vdJ kidtpapd] giza kPl ]Lf]F

itj]jpUe ]j 128 +gha[k ] / kw ]Wk ] nkirapy] ,Ue]j 225

+gha] 12 m.9 igrhita[k]/ fzf]F g[f]ifa[k] vLj]jdh].

nkYk ] 9 r py ]Yfisa [ila fz]zho bgl ]oiaa [k ] /

rpy]yiw rhkhd]fisa[k] cilj]J ehrg]gLj]jpdh]. nkYk]

nfhgk] jPuhky] bgl]nuhkhf]!] iyl]L xd]Wk]/ lhh]r]Riyl]

xd ]Wk ] / gHf ]Fiyfisa [k ] vLj ]Jr ] brd ]wdh ] . . . . .” .(gf ]fk ] - 8 2 )(gf ]fk ] - 8 2 )(gf ]fk ] - 8 2 )(gf ]fk ] - 8 2 )(gf ]fk ] - 8 2 )

187 C[kúRôhPm

8. MWnjrk] v!]. vnuhdp\!] vGJfpwhh ]8. MWnjrk] v!]. vnuhdp\!] vGJfpwhh ]8. MWnjrk] v!]. vnuhdp\!] vGJfpwhh ]8. MWnjrk] v!]. vnuhdp\!] vGJfpwhh ]8. MWnjrk] v!]. vnuhdp\!] vGJfpwhh ]

“……Rkhh] 5.30 kzpf]F vd] tPl]oy] Tl]lkhf nghyPrhh]

te]J tPl]Lf] fjit rkl]o jpwe]jhh]fs]. tPl]oypUe]j vd]id

mor]Rk]/ ,or]Rk]/ njhf]fpd] ghj]jpahYk] ,oj]jhh]fs]. gpwF

nghyP!] ntdpy] Vw]wpdhh]fs]. ntd] FHpj]Jiwapy] nghdJk]

vdJ fGj]jpy ] ,l ]oUe]j xU gt[d] vila[s]s xU

brapida[k]/ nkhjpuj]ija[k] gaKWj]jp jl]og]gwpj]jhh]fs].

vd]id FHpj]Jiw yhf]fg]gpy] Mf]fg]gl]nld]. m';Fk] moa[k]/

cija[k] fzf]fpy] kPwpapUe]jd. vd]dplk] tpnr#pj]j VG

fy]YfSila xU n$ho fLf]fd] khj]jpuk] gapypy] nrh]j]J

th';fpdhh]fs]. vz]gJ ehl]fs] fHpj]J $hkPdpy] ,w';fpndd].

mjw]F gpwF fhl ]Lf ]fil itj]jpahplk ] r pfpl ]ir

bgw]nwd].........”. (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] - 86)- 86)- 86)- 86)- 86)

9 . 9 . 9 . 9 . 9 . Mh ] . ehlhd] fz]q ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk] jdJMh] . ehlhd] fz]q ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk] jdJMh] . ehlhd] fz]q ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk] jdJMh] . ehlhd] fz]q ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk] jdJMh] . ehlhd] fz]q ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk] jdJ

Jauj]ij Fwpj ]J ,t]thW TWfpwhh ]Jauj]ij Fwpj ]J ,t]thW TWfpwhh ]Jauj]ij Fwpj ]J ,t]thW TWfpwhh ]Jauj]ij Fwpj ]J ,t]thW TWfpwhh ]Jauj]ij Fwpj ]J ,t]thW TWfpwhh ]

“……Mf!]L 11-y] vd] filia jpwf]ftpy]iy . . . .

rha';fhyk] 7.00 kzpf]F filia jpwe]njd]. rhkhd]

vLg]gjw]Fs] wprh]t[ nghyP!] te]jJ. fGj]ij gpoj]J ntdpy]

Vw]Wk] nghJ fGj]jpy] fple]j 2 gt[d] khiyia vLj]jhh]fs].

Rllh Rllh/ vd]W tz]of]Fs]spypUe]J rj ]jk ] te ]J

bfhz]oUe]jJ. ehd] jg]gp Xotpl]nld] .........”. (gf]fk] - 91)(gf]fk] - 91)(gf]fk] - 91)(gf]fk] - 91)(gf]fk] - 91)

10. Mh] .j';ifa]a10. Mh] .j';ifa]a10. Mh] .j';ifa]a10. Mh] .j';ifa]a10. Mh] .j';ifa]ad] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]d] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]d] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]d] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]d] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]

..... 1954 Mf!]L 11-k] jpajp 7.00 kzpf]F vdJ filf]F

rhkhd]fs] bfhz]L tUk] nghJ D.S.P., A.S.P., kh$p!]onul]L/

rh]f]fps]/ rg] ,d]!]bgf]lh] cs]gl 4 ntd] epiwa nghyp!]rhUk]

vd] filapd] gf]fk] epd]whh]fs]. mg]nghJ A.S.P., vd]dplk] ahh]

vd]W nfl]f ehd]jhd] vd]wJk]/ bgah] vd]d vd]W nfl]lhh].

j';ifa]ah vd]nwd]. rhjp vd]d vd]W nfl]f ehlhh] vd]wJk]

188 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

ntdpy] VWk]go A.S.P., vd]dplk] Twnt ntdpy] Vwpndd]. ehd]

Vwpa ntdpy] gp.rp. yr]Rkzd] ehlhUk]/ C10 K";rpiw RFkhud]

ehaUk]/ gp.rp. ghnfhLk] ,Ue]jhh]fs]. . . . . . vd]id Vw]wpr]

brd]w ntd] btl]LkzpapypUe]J jf]fiy brd]wJ. FHpj]Jiw

nghFk] tHpapy] uprh]t] nghyP!]/ njhf]F \L bfhz]Lk]/ fhy]

bfhz]Lk] jhf]fpdhh]fs]. gpwF m';fpUe]jth]fSld] ehDk]

js]sg]gl]nld]. mg]nghJ gp.rp. 1001-k]/ bea]ahw]wpd]fiu fhis

vd]w ,oad] fpU#]zgps]isa[k]/ gp.rp. rhfpg]g[k] Kjyhtjhf

te]J vd]id jhf]fpdhh]fs]. gp.rp. 1001 vdJ KJfpd] kPJ ,Ue]J

bfhz]nl/ epd]nd jd]nd KjyhtJ bfhy]zk]lh/ vd]W

Twpf]bfhz]nl vd]id gykhf jhf]fpdhh]. mt]tikak]

ey]yjk]gp ehlhh ] / ghh ]ry] bry]yg]gd]/ nghd]wth]fis

yhf]fg]gpd] cs]itj]J jhf]fpf] bfhz]L ,Ue]jhh]fs] . . . . .

(gf]fk] - 92/ 93)(gf]fk] - 92/ 93)(gf]fk] - 92/ 93)(gf]fk] - 92/ 93)(gf]fk] - 92/ 93)

11. vk] . uhkRthkp ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]11. vk] . uhkRthkp ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]11. vk] . uhkRthkp ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]11. vk] . uhkRthkp ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]11. vk] . uhkRthkp ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954 Mf!]L 11-k] jpajp jpU - jkpHf tpLjiy

jpdj]ij Kd]dpl ]L vdJ tpahghu!]jykhd g [Jf]fil

re]ijf]F Kd] ,Uf]fpd]w gyruf]F filia ehd]

jpwf]ftpy]iy. vdJ filf]F gpd]jhd] bghJf]Tl]lk] ele]J

bfhz]oUe]jJ . . . . ntW rpyh] vd]ida[k] gyiua[k] gpoj]J

ntdpy] ,Gj]J js]spdh]. ntdpy] itj]Jk] yhf]fg]gpw]F

Kd]dpYk]/ yhf]fg ]g py ] itj]Jk] vd]id kpUfj]jdkhf

jhf]fpdh] . \d]W jpd';fs] vdf]Fk] kw]w Ml]fSf]Fk]

ahbjhU tpjkhd czt[k] jutpy]iy. ehd] ,g]nghJk] ehl]L

itj]jpakhf ,Uf]fpnwd] . . . . . (gf]f(gf]f(gf]f(gf]f(gf]fk] - 94)k] - 94)k] - 94)k] - 94)k] - 94)

12. vd]. bfhr]rd] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]12. vd]. bfhr]rd] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]12. vd]. bfhr]rd] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]12. vd]. bfhr]rd] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]12. vd]. bfhr]rd] ehlhh ] / ig';Fsk]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954 Mf!]L 11-k] jpajp Jg]ghf]fp gpunahfk]

bfhz]L g [Jf]filapy] fple ]j ehlhd] Fl]o ehlhh ] /

189 C[kúRôhPm

byr]Rkzdd] ehlhid M!]gj]jphpf ]F bfhz]L nghFk]

tHpapy] uprh]t[ nghyPrhh] gpoj]J moa[k]/ ,oa[k] je]jjhy]

,g]ngh ehd] ntiy bra]a Koatpy]iy. Jg]ghfp\L bfhz]L

be";rpy] ,oj]jjhy] uj]jk] rw]jpr]nrd]. gy Foitj]jpak]

bra]Jk] gyd] ,y]iy . . . . . (gf]fk] - 94)(gf]fk] - 94)(gf]fk] - 94)(gf]fk] - 94)(gf]fk] - 94)

13. vd;. bry]tuh$]/ khh ]j ]jhz]lk13. vd;. bry]tuh$]/ khh ]j ]jhz]lk13. vd;. bry]tuh$]/ khh ]j ]jhz]lk13. vd;. bry]tuh$]/ khh ]j ]jhz]lk13. vd;. bry]tuh$]/ khh ]j ]jhz]lk]

,th] xU khztd]. gs]spf]Tlj]jpypUe]J Mf!]L

11-k] ehs] filg;gpoj]j tpLjiy jpdj]jd]W khzth]fs] $hjh

brd]w nghJ . . . . . ,t]thW vGJfpwhh].

ehd] tHf]fk]nghy Mf!]L 11-k] jpajp 8.30 kzpf]F

ghlrhiy brd]nwd]. jpU - jkpHf tpLjiy jpdkhdgoahy]

eh';fs] ghlrhiyapy] ,Ue]J $hjhthfg; nghf

Muk]gpj]njhk]. jiyik cghj]jpahah] uprh]t[ nghyPir

tUj]jpapUe]jhh] . . . ehd] ntid ePf]fpj] jUk]go

nfl]nld]. mjw]F nghyPrhh ] Rl]LtpLnthk] vd]W

gaKWj]jpdhh]fs]. RL';fs] vd]W brhy]yp vy]nyhUk]

Kd]ndwp nkw]F jpirahf $hjhthf] ngha]f ]

bfhz]oUe]njhk]. FHpj]Jiw brd]wJk] ntid bfhz]L

te]J v';fs] Kd]nd epWj]jpdhh]fs] . . . . clnd vd]id

moj]Jg] gpoj]J ntdpy] nghl]lhh]fs]. ntdpy] cs]ns

nghl]L cijj]jhh]fs]. moj]jhh]fs]. Tr]ry] nghlhnj

vd]W ,oj]jhh]fs]. “khfhzk]/ ,njh th';fpf]nfhlh”vd]W jpUk]gt[k] njhf]F \lhy] ,oj]jhh]fs]. filrpapy]

\r]R ,y]yhky] Mndd]. md]iwa jpdk] vd] ifapy] vdf]Fk]/

j';iff]Fk] gP!] bfhLf]Fk]goahf 15- +gha[k]/ vd]

fGj]jpy] j';f brapDk]/ ,uz]L nkhjpuKk]/ thl]Rk]

,Ue]jJ. ehd] czh]t[ te]J ghh]f]Fk] rkak] ,Jfs]

xd]Wk] ,y]yhky] vd] cilfs] fpHpe]Jk] vd] clk]g[

190 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

fhag]gl]Lk] eufntjid mDgtpj]J yhf]fg ]gpy]

fhzg]gl]nld] . . . ghh]ry] bry]yg]gd]/ ey]yjk]gp ehlhh] nfhghy

fpU#]zd] ml]tnfl] ,tiu moj]J Koj]J nghl]Lf]fpl]L/

tf]fPy] rhnw ,f]nf!] VJ tFg]gpy] bfhs]spf]fyhk] vd]W

nfl]L jhf]fpdhh]fs] ….”. (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] (gf]fk] – 122, 123)))))

,t]thW j';fsJ rpiwj] Jau';fs]/ nghyP!]

ml]?Hpa';fs] kw]Wk] ePjpkd]w t";ridfs] nghd]w Jau

epfH]r]rpfshy] ghjpf]fg]gl]l 228 egh]fsplj]jpypUe]Jk] khh]#y]

nerkzpf]F tpz]zg]g';fs] mDg]gp itf]fg]gl]oUe]jd. ,e]j

egh]fspy] fy]Fsk] tl;lj]jpypUe]J 80 ngh]fspypUe]Jk]/

tpst';nfhL tl]l';fspypUe]J 148 egh ]fsplkpUe]Jk]

bgwg]gl]oUe]jd. ,jpy] tpnr#k] vd]dbtdpy]/ mf!]jP!]tuk]

tl ]lj ]jpypUe]Jk] / njhthis tl]lj ]jpypUe]Jk] xU

eghplkpUe]J Tl ,j]jifa rpiwj] Jau';fs] Fwpj ]j

tpz]zg]gk] tutpy]iy vd]gnj. Mdhy] jpahfpfs] bgd]#d]

bgWtjpy] ,e]j tl]lj]jpdh] Kd]dzpapy] ,Uf]fpd]wdh]

vd]gJk] rpe ]jidf]Fupa tp#ak] MFk]. bra]ahj

jpahfj]Jf]F bfhs]shj md]gspg]g[. “ge]jpf]F Ke]J/ nghUf]F

gpe]J” vd]w KJbkhHpf]F ey]y rhd]W ,t]tpUtl]l jpahfpg;

bgd]#d]jhuh ]fs] Mth] . fy]Fsk] kw]Wk] tpst';nfhL

tl]l';fspy] nghyP!] td]k';fSf]F Mshf]fg]gl]Lk]/ jpahfp

bgd]#d] th';Ftjw]F kWj]jth ]fSk] mndfh] cz]L.

gzj]Jf]fhf eh';fs] jp.j.eh.f. nghuhl]l';fspy] fye]J

bfhs]stpy]iy. jd]khdk] fhg ]gjw ]fhfnt ,e]j

nghuhl]l';fspy] <Lgl]nlhk] vd]W brhd]dth]fs] Vuhsk]. ,e]j

tupirapy] kzypf]fiu jpU.yhrh] bgUtl]liuf] Twyhk].

fps]spa{h] jpU.$hd]"hdrpfhkzp fhz]ouhf]liur] brhy]yhk].

ig';Fsk] jpU.ngupd]gehafj]ijf] Twyhk] . Kf]fhL

rpl]of]fhu j';fg]gidr] brhy]yyhk]. ,th]fspy; rpyh; j';fs;

191 C[kúRôhPm

fy]tpiaf]Tl bjhlu ,ayhj epiy m';nf cUthdJ.

nghyP!; ntl;ilf;Fg ; gae;J gy;yhapuf ;fzf;fhd

,is"h;fs; j';fs; fy;tpia ,He;jdh;. ,is"h;fis fy;tp

epiya';fSf;Fr; bry;ytplhkYk;/ bgupnahh;fis gzpf;F

bry;y tplhky; mth;fspd; bghUshjhu epiyia rPu;Fiyj;J

rhd;nwhh ; rKjhaj;ij Klkhf;fp mHpj ;JtpLtijna

nehf;fkhff; bfhz;L gl;lk;jhq gps;isapd; kiyahsp muR

jpl;lkp;l;L bray;gl;lJ. cz]ikapy] ,g]ngh]gl]lth]fs] jhd]

“jpahfp” vd]w brhy]Yf]Fr] rhd]whdth]fs] vdf] fUjyhk].

nghyP!] ml]?Hpa';fSf]F Kw]Wg]g[s]sp itj]j gpwF/

ghjpf]fg]gl]lth]fsplkpUe]J/ mth]fs] mDgtpj]j rpiwf]

bfhLikfs] Fwpj]Jk]/ nghyP!] muh$fk] Fwpj]Jk] tpsf]f

tpz]zg]g';fis jp.j.eh.f. jiyth] “bra]jpj]jhs]” (jpdkyh]

nghd]w) thapyhf nfhug]gl]Ls]sJ. mij Vw]Wj]jhd] nkny

Fwpg]gpl]l 228 jpahfpfSk] j';fsJ tpsf]f kDf]fis khh]#y]

nerkzpf]F mDg]gp itj]jdh]. ,e]j 228 egh]fspy] vtUk]

jpU.nerkzpia foe]J bfhs]snth my]yJ J}#pj]Jg] ngrnth

,y]iy vd]gJ nehf]Fjw]FupaJ. ,J vijf; fhl]LfpwJ.

kf]fs; khh]#y] nerkzpapd] jiyikapy] KG ek]gpf]if

itj]jpUe]jdh] vd]gijf] fhl]LfpwJ. j';fis mth]

vt]thnwDk] fhj]Jf] bfhs]thh ] vd]W mirah ek]gpf ]

bfhz]lth]fshf mth]fs] fhzg]gl]ldh]. btor]rj]jk] nfl]l

clnd $Pthitg;nghy fhl]Lg]ghij tHp ntW ehl]Lf]F jg]gp

Xo kiwe]J bfhs]gth] khh]#y] nerkzp my]yh] vd]gij

mth]fs] czh]e]jpUe]jdh]. Mfntjhd] mth]fs] khh]#y]

nerkzpf;F neuhf “v';fs] uhrhnt/ mg]gr ]rpna” vd]W

mgaf]Fuy] vGg]gpdh]. mg]nghbjy]yhk] mth] m';nf Xnlhoa[k]

te]Js]shh]. Mdhy] md]dhUld] xg]gidf]fhf murpay]

fsj]jpy] ,Ue]jth]fSk] cz]L vd]gij kWg]gjw]fpy]iy.

192 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

khh]#y] nerkzp kPJ Fw]wk] fz]Lgpog]gjw]bfd]nw ghtyh

kupahij je]jth]fSk] cz]L. njtpFsk] kwpaiyf] nfl]l

clnd “ahiuf] nfl]Lf] bfhz]L/ my]yJ ahupd] mwpt[iuapd]

epkpj]jk] \zhwpy] jilia kPwpdhh]fs]” vd]W <df] Fuy]

vGg]gpath]fSk] cz]L. ,jpy]/ muR cah] mjpfhhpfs]/

bgUtzpfh]fs]/ tHf]fwp"h]fs]/ M';fpy bkhHp Mh]tyh]fs]/

nkw]gog]g [ g [s]spfs] nghd]w nkl]Lf]Fo fdthd]fshfpa

jpUthsh]fs]. gp.uhkRthkpgps]is/ v.vk].irkd]/vd].v.E}h;KfkJ/

tp.nf.uh$hgps]is kw]Wk] vk] .nf.ghth nghd]nwhiuf]

Fwpg]gpLfpwhh] jpU.v.mg]Jy]urhf].

vdnt bjd] jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpHh ]fs] Fwpg ]ghf

ehlhh ]fs] j';fsJ caph ]fisj] Jwe]Jk] / mogl]Lk] /

,ogl]Lk]/ uj]jthe]jp vLj]Jk]/ btz]rpiwnawpa[k]/ yhj]jpf]

fk]ghYk] njhf]F \l]lhYk] ,ofs] th';fpa[k]/ g{l]!] fhyhy]

kpjpgl]Lk]/ jk] bghUl]fis ,He]Jk]/ eiffis gwp bfhLj]Jk]

jhd] ,e]j Fkup khtl]lj]ij cUthf]fpapUf]fpd]wdnuay;yhky]

kiyahspfs] ,uj]jpdf] fk]gsk] tpupj]J “ngha] th jkpHnd”vd]W mk]khid gho tHp mDg]gp itf]ftpy]iy vd]gij

,d]iwa ,sk] jiyKiwapdh] mwpe]J bfhs]tJ ey]yJ.

bjupe]J bjsptiltjw]F ,g]ngh]gl]l tpLjiy tuyhw]Wg]

g[j]jf';fis th';fpg; goj]J bjsptila ntz;Lk;/ tpLj;J

rg;igg; g [j ;jf';fisnah/ jpupf;fg;gl;l bra;jpfisnah

goj;Jtpl;L tuyhW gilj;jth;fis J}#pg;gJ mwptPdk;.

72. Fkupj] je]ij nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] 72. Fkupj] je]ij nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] 72. Fkupj] je]ij nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] 72. Fkupj] je]ij nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] 72. Fkupj] je]ij nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] :

mz]ikapy] (20.09.2010) jkpHf Kjy]th] khz]g[kpF

fiy"h] mth]fs] ehfh]nfhtpypy] ele]j jp.K.f Kg]bgUk]

tpHhtpy] fye]J bfhz]L khh]#y] v.nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk]

mikg]gjw]fhd mwptpg]ig btspapl]lhh]fs]. mt]tikak]

193 C[kúRôhPm

mth] Fwpg]gpl]lhh]:- “… ,';nf jhd] Fkup khtl]lj]Jf]fhf/

jha] jkpHfj]njhL Fkup khtl]lk] ,Ue]nj jPu ntz]Lk]

vd]gjw ]fhf/ khh ]#y] nerkzp jiyikapy] khbgUk]

nghuhl]lk] elj]jpa bjhz]lh]fs] ,d]dKk] ,Uf]fpwhh]fs].

mth]fs] khh]#y] nerkzpf]F fhl]l ntz]oa kupahijia/

mth] gpwe]J/ tsh]e]J/ bjhz]lhw]wp/ rpiwg[Fe]J/ jpahfk]

bra]j mth]fs] fl]rpapypUe]J vija[k] bra]atpy]iyna vd]w

Fiwia jPh]f]ff] Toa xUtd] fUzhepjpjhd] vd]W te]jJk]

tuhjJkhf nfhupf]if vGjpf] bfhLj]jhy] kwe]J tpLntd]

vd]W mr]rpy] Vw]wp nfhupf]if mspj]J ,Uf]fpwhh]fs]” vd]W

ngrpdh]. (jpdfud] 21.09.2010 (jpdfud] 21.09.2010 (jpdfud] 21.09.2010 (jpdfud] 21.09.2010 (jpdfud] 21.09.2010 – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 1) 1) 1) 1) 1)

khz]g[kpF fiy"h] K. fUzhepjp mth]fs] Rl]of]

fhl ]oa[s ]sgo (….mth]fs] khh ]#y] nerkzpf]F fhl ]l

ntz]oa kupahijia/ mth] gpwe]J/ tsh]e]J/ bjhz]lhw]wp

rpiw g[Fe]J jpahfk] bra]j mth]fs] fl]rpapypUe]J vija[k]

bra]atpy]iyna….>) vd]gij ahiu Rl]o epw]fpwJ. khh]#y]

nerkzp je ]ijahf epd]W cUthf]fpa “fh';fpu!]

fl]rp”iaj]jhd] Fj]jpf]fhl]Ltjhf mJ cs]sJ. je]ijf]F

kf]fs] bra]a ntz]oa flikia/ fhl ]l ntz]oa

kupahijia Fkup khtl]l fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fs] fhl]lhky]

Kw]wpYk] mtiu kwe]J tpl]ldh] vd]gijna ehR{f]fhf mth;

Fj]jpf] fhl]odhh]. ,J Kw]wpYk] cz]ik.

Mdhy] fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fnsh/ ,k]khtl]lj ]jpd]

jj]Jgps]isahd jpU.fhkuhrUf]F fd]dpahFkhpapy] muR

kzpkz]lgk] mikf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W cz]zh nehd]g [

nghuhl ]lk ] elj]jpaij ahUk] kwe]jpUf]fkhl ]lhh ]fs] .

ehfh]nfhtpy] ntg]g\L re]jpg]gpy] epWtpapUe]j jpU.fhkuhrupd]

rpiyia/ Crane cjtp bfhz]L mfw]Wtjw]F ehfh]nfhtpy]

efuhl]rp Kaw]rpj]j nghJ/ ,k]khtl]l fh';fpu!]fhuh]fs]/

194 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

Kd]dhs] rl]lkd]w cWg]gpdh] jpU.Fkhujh!] jiyikapy]

“rpiy fl]og ]g pog ]g [“ nghuhl ]lk ] elj]jpaija[k ] kf ]fs]

kwe]jpUf]fkhl]lhh]fs]. Mdhy] ,e]j jj]Jg]gps]isf]F rpiy

epWt[tjw]fhd ,lj]ij/ mjhtJ fd]dpahFkhp khtl]lk] vd]w

1684 rJu fpnyh kPl]lh] gug]g[f; bfhz]l bry]tk] bfhHpf]Fk]

g{kpia jkpHfj]Jf]F cUthf]fpj] je]j “etPd guRuhkDf]F”mtd] gpwe]j tPl]oy] kupahij ,y]iy vd]gijna khz]g[kpF

fiy"h] Rl]of;fhl]o/ fh';fpu!]fhuh]fSf]F rk]kl]o mo

bfhLj]jpUg]gij kf]fs] kwe]J tplf]TlhJ. ,e]j ed]wp bfl]l

fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fs] khh ]#y] nerkzpf;F jpU.fhkuhrh ;

bghd;dhil nghh;j;Jfpd;w epHw;glj]ijf] Tl fd]dpahFkhp

fhkuhrh] epidt[ kz]lgj]jpy] itg]gjw]F kdkpy]yhjth]fshff]

fhzg]gLtija[k] nrh]j]nj fiy"h] mth]fisr] rhoapUf]fpwhh].

khz]g[kpF fiy"h] mth]fSf]F ,k] khtl]l fpwp!]jt ehlhh]

kf]fspd] rhh]gpy] ed]wp brhy]y flikg]gl]Ls]nshk]. “ed]wp”.

“kdkhh]e]j ed]wp”. khh]#y] nerkzpf]F kzpkz]lgk] fl]lg]glhky]

,Ug]gpDk] eh';fs] muir Fiwj]Jg] ngrkhl]nlhk]. ,e]ehs]

fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fSf]F fpilj]j rhl]il moia eh';fs]

tuntw]fpnwhk]. ,e]j rhl]ilaoahdJ ,k]khtl]lj]jpy]

fh';fpu!]fhuh ]fspd] mHpt[f ]F mr]rhuk] je]jhw]nghd]W

mike]J cs]sJ. mth]fs] mHpal]Lk]. khh]#y] nerkzp

cUthf]fpj] je]j ,e]j g{kpapy] ed]wp bfl]l fh';fpu!]fhuh]fs]

,dpnky] murpay] elj]jf]TlhJ.

73. tuyhw;wpy; nerkzp 73. tuyhw;wpy; nerkzp 73. tuyhw;wpy; nerkzp 73. tuyhw;wpy; nerkzp 73. tuyhw;wpy; nerkzp :khh]#y] nerkzp 1947 brg]lk]gh] jp';fs] 8 Mk] ehspy]

ehfh]nfhtpy] f!]gh rig tshfj]jpy] mike]jpUf]Fk] Myd]

epidt[ kz]lgj]jpy ] itj]J “jpUtpjh';Th ] jkpH ]ehL

fh';fpu!]” vd]w murpay] mikg]ig cUthf]fpdhh]. ,e]j

mikg]ig ntW rpyh] cUthf]fpajhf eh";rpy] ehl]L tuyhw]W

Mrpupah]fs] gyh] vGjj] bjhl';fpa[s]sdh]. Mdhy]/ khh]#y]

195 C[kúRôhPm

nerkzp mth]fs; jhnd ,e]j mikg]ig cUthf]fpajhf

jpl;ltl;lkhff; TWfpwhh].

“…,Jtiu mikjpnahL ftdpj]Jf] bfhz]oUe]j

khh]#y] nerkzp ,g]nghJ ngr Muk]gpj]jhh]. ehd]

jp.j.ehf.fhit Muk]gpj]j md]W Kjy] xU Tl]lkhf

,a';fpndhk] . Tl]lj ]jpy ] gyh ] ,Ue]jhh ]fs] .

,Ue]jth ]fspy] gyh ] nghapUg ]ghh ]fs]…” .

(jpU.v.v.urhf] (jpU.v.v.urhf] (jpU.v.v.urhf] (jpU.v.v.urhf] (jpU.v.v.urhf] – gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] gf ]fk] – 307) 307) 307) 307) 307)

Mifahy] ,e ]j murpay] mikg]ig mtnu

Muk]gpj ]jhh ] . ehfh]nfhtpy] ]fhuh ] jhd] Muk]gpj ]jhh ] vd]w

ngr]Rf]fSk]/ vGj]Jf]fSk] ,jdhy] bgha]j]Jg] nghapw]W.

,Ug]gpDk] ,d]Wk] rpy bts]shk]gps ]isfs] j';fs]

Kaw]rpfisj] bjhlh]e]j tz]zkpUf]fpd]wdh].

jpuhtpl Kd]ndw]wf] fHfj] jiyth] jpU.K.fUzhepjp

mth]fs] ‘be";rpy] epiwe]j nerkzp’iaf] Fwpj]J vGJk] nghJ:

“jpUtpjh';Th] rk!]jhd eph]thfj]jpy] ,Ue]j jkpH]

epykhd Fkupg ] gFjpia kPl ]L jkpHfj]njhL

,izg]gjw]Fg] nghuho btw]wp fz]lth] nerkzp

mth]fs]” vd]W Fwpg]gpLfpwhh]. (jpU. v.v. urhf] (jpU. v.v. urhf] (jpU. v.v. urhf] (jpU. v.v. urhf] (jpU. v.v. urhf] –mzpe]Jiu gf]fk] mzpe]Jiu gf]fk] mzpe]Jiu gf]fk] mzpe]Jiu gf]fk] mzpe]Jiu gf]fk] – III)))))

bts]shk]gps]is jpU.gp. v!].kzp 15.03.1953 md]W

jp.j.eh.fh-tpd] cWg]gpdh] gjtpapypUe]J uh$pdhkh bra]Jtpl]L

btspnawpdhh]. ,th] ve]j fl]rpapYk] epue]jkhfnth my]yJ

ePoj]njh ,Uf]fkhl]lhh] vd]W O.S.No:328/99-y] jPh]g]g[f] Twpa

ehfh]nfhtpy] TLjy] chpikapay] ePjpgjp jpU.vk].v!].

Rg]gpuzpad] 14.07.2004-y] TWfpwhh]. ,g]ngh]gl]l gy murpay]

fl]rp cWg]gpdh]/ khh ]#y] nerkzpia g [fH]tjw]Fk]

ja';ftpy]iy. mth] vGJfpwhh]:

196 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

md]g[ilaPh]/

“fHpe]j 30 Mz]Lfshf ehd] c';fis mwpntd].

,jpy] 17 Mz]Lfshf ehd] c';fSld] nrh]e ]Jk]nrh ]e ]Jk]nrh ]e ]Jk]nrh ]e ]Jk]nrh ]e ]Jk]/////

gpupe]Jk]gpupe]Jk]gpupe]Jk]gpupe]Jk]gpupe]Jk] J}u epd]Wk]J}u epd]Wk]J}u epd]Wk]J}u epd]Wk]J}u epd]Wk]///// c';fis ftdpj]jpUf]fpnwd].

Fkup khtl]l kf]fspd] bgUk]ghd]iknahh] c';fsplk]

md]g [k ] / kjpg ]g [k ] bfhz]oUg]gijf] fhqfpnwd] .

e P' ;fs] tpUk]gpapUe]jhy] ntW Jiwfspy] kpf

cah]e ]jpUf]f Koa[k ] . vdpDk] kf]fs] bjhz]L/

murpay] ,tw]iwf] bfhz]L Fkup khtl]lj ]jpy ]

Kjd]ik tfpf ]f Pw Ph ]fs] . ,k]kjpg ]g [f ]Fupa

jd]ikf]fhfj]jhd] vd] tzf]fj]ija[k]/ thH]j]ija[k]

,r]re]jh;g]gj]jpy] bjuptpj]Jf] bfhs]fpnwd].

KJikaile]jpUf]fpw Ph ]fs] . fl ]r p rhh ]g py ]yhky]

midtUk] c';fis ,e]neuj]jpy] ghuhl]Lfpwhh]fs].

kfpH]r]rp. eP';fSk] ,dp fl]rp rhh]gw]w caupa epiyapy]

Fkup kf]fspd] je]ijahfFkup kf]fspd] je]ijahfFkup kf]fspd] je]ijahfFkup kf]fspd] je]ijahfFkup kf]fspd] je]ijahf/ mwpt[iu bfhLg]gtuhf

,Uf]f ntz]Lbkd]W vd] vjph]ghh]g]g[.

njf eyj]Jld] gy]yhz]L thH gpuhh]j]jpUf]fpnwd].

vd]WK';fs] gp .v!].kzp” (Fkhpia(Fkhpia(Fkhpia(Fkhpia(Fkhpia

kPl ]nlhd] nerkzp kPl ]nlhd] nerkzp kPl ]nlhd] nerkzp kPl ]nlhd] nerkzp kPl ]nlhd] nerkzp – gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] gf]fk] – 112) 112) 112) 112) 112)

khh]#y] nerkzpapd] 70-tJ gpwe]j ehisbahl]o

jpU. gp.v!].kzp tpLj]j thH]j]Jr] bra]jpjhd] ,e]jf] fojk].

,e]jr] bra]jp jpU.gp.v!].kzpapd] cs]sj]jpd] MHj]jpypUe]J/

cz]ikahf btspg]gl]ljhFk] vd]W ehk] czuyhk]. ,jpy]

ntW re]njfj]Jf]F ,lkpy]iy.

Fkupj] je]ij khh]#y] v. nerkzp mth]fs] 01.06.1968

md]W fhykhdhh]fs]. ,th] fhykhfp rupahf gjpdhW (16)

197 C[kúRôhPm

Mz]Lfs] fHpj]J ,nj gp.v!].kzp/ jd] thahy] kdkhug] g[fH]e]j

mnj be";rk]/ nerkzpia ,Ul]log]g[ bra]a[k] nehf]Fld]

“nerkzp xU bgha]” vd]w t";rf E}iy vGjp eh";rpy] ehl]oy]

gutyhf tpdpnahfpj]jhh]. Fkupj] je]ijia mth] rhh]e]j

rKjhankh/ my]yJ mth] rhh]e ]j fh';fpu!]fhuh]fnsh

rpwg]gpf]fhj epiyapy]/ mth] kwf]fg]gl]Ltpl]lhh] vd]w epidg]gpy]/

,j]jifa xU ,Ul]log]g[ g[j]jfj]ijg] gilj]jdh] eh";rpy] ehl]L

bts]shk] gps]isfs]. ,e]j bgha] E}Yf]F mr]rhuk] Fwpj]J/

mzpe]Jiu tH';fpapUg]gth] rhe]j brh+gp vd]W g[idag]gl]l

jpU.rhk] ej]jhdpnay] Mthh]. mth] Fkupj] je]ijahfptplyhk]

vd]W vz]zpapUg]ghh] nghYk]. ,itfisna jkpHf Kjy]th]

fiy"h] K. fUzhepjp mth]fs]/ ehfh]nfhtpypy] 20.09.2010 md]W

ele]j jp.K.f. Kg]bgUk] tpHhtpy] ,t]thW Rl]of] fhl]oa[s]shh].

“… ,' ;nfjhd ] Fku p khtl ]lj ]Jf ]fhf/ jha ]

jkpHfj]njhL Fkup khtl]lk] ,Ue]nj jPu ntz]Lk]

vd ]gjw ]fhf/ khh ]#y ] nerkzp jiyikapy ]

khbgUk] nghuhl]lk] elj]jpa bjhzlh]fs] ,d]dKk]

,Uf]fpwhh]fs]. mth]fs] khh]#y] nerkzpf]F fhl]l

ntz]oa ku pahijia/ mth ] g pwe ]J/ tsh ]e ]J/

bjhz]lhw]wp/ rpiwg[Fe]J/ jpahfk] bra]j mth]fs]

fl]rpapy] ,Ue]J vija[k ] bra]atpy]iyna vd]w

Fiwiaj] jPh]f]ff] Toa xUtd] fUzhepjpjhd]…”vd]WTwp nerkzp ‘bgha]’ my]y ‘cz]ik vd]W

tpsk]gpa[s]shh].

74. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; 74. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; 74. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; 74. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; 74. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; :

kf;fs; kdjpy ; jdf;bfd eP' ;fh ,lk; g poj ;jth ;

Fkupj;je;ij khu;#y; nerkzp/ mth; brhd;dhy; Mapw;W

vd;w rpwg;g[ mtUf;F kf;fsplj;jpy; cz;L/ vJ te;jhYk;

198 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

mth; ghh ;j ;Jf ;bfhs;thh ; vd;w kdepiy kf;fsplj ;jpy ;

MHkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; kf;fsplj;jpy; jdf;bfd

vija[k; mth; nfl;ljpy;iy.

Fkhpkhtl ;lk ; jha ;jkpHfj ;Jld; ,izf;fg ;gl ;l

gpwF/ g[jpa murpay; Tl;LfSk;/ g[jpa gHf;ftHf;f';fSk;

cUthf p ghz ;of ;fhuDk ; / ghz ;of ;fhl ;lhd ;fSk ;

rk;ge;jk; cUthf;fp/ Fkhp murpaypy; bgUk; rpf ;fy;fs;

cUthf pf ; bfhz;oUf ;f pd ;wd. ,izg ;g [f ;F Kd ;g [

jkf ;Fk ; jkJ !;jhgdkhd jp .j .eh .fht [f ;Fk ; vj puhf

bra ;ag ; gl ;l rj pfisa [k ; / frg ; g [zh ;r ; r pfisa [k ;

kwe;Jtpl;L/ fh';fpu!; ntl;ghsh;fs; vd;w xnu nehf;fpy;

mth ;fSf ;fhf kf ;fsplj ;j py ; gu pe ;J ngr p / kf ;fshy ;

epuhfupf ;fg ;gl ;l T.T. lhdpnay;/ jhqyp';f ehlhu ;fis

btw;wpg ;bgwr ; bra;tjw ;fhf jdJ brhe ;j bry;thf ;if

(Char isma) gad ;gLj ;j p mth ;fis btw ;w pbgwr ;

bra ;jg pd ;g [k ; / jdJ fl ;r pg ; gzpia Fiwj ;Jg ; ngr

,tu ;fns Kd;dpw';fpdu ; . ,e ;j NH;epiyapy ; 1962 -y ;

kPz;Lk; bghJj; njh;jy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ed;wpbfl;l ,e;jg; nghf;Ff;F jhd; Mshf ntz;lhk;

vd;w KonthL/ ,j;njh;jiy tpl;L xJ';fp tpLtJ vd;W

khu;#y; v. nerkzp Kot[ bra;Jtpl;lhh;. ,e;j epiyapy;

fhkuh$h ; jiyapl ntz;oaepiy Vw ;gl ;lJ. neupYk; /

gyKiw bjhiyngrp \yKk; njh ;jypy; <LgLkhW

nerkzpia tw ;g [Wj ;j pdhu ; j pU. fhkuhrh ; . mth ;

fl;rpapypUe;J xJ';fp btspnawptpl;lhy; mtiu vjph;g;gJ

bgUk ; f#;lk ; vd ;gij j pU. fhkuhrh ; 1953 -y ; ele ;j

jpU. bfhr;rp ,ilj;njh;jy; \yk; ed;whf mwpe;jpUe;jhh; ; .

vdnt tw;g[Wj;jp nerkzpia ehfu;nfhtpy; ehlhSkd;wj;

bjhFjpapy ; fh' ;f pu! ; ntl ;ghsuhf nghl ;oapl

199 C[kúRôhPm

itj;Jtpl ;lhu ; . nerkzp fsj ;j py ; e pw ;f pwhu ; vd ;why ; /

fh';fpu!; mj;jid ,l';fisa[k ; btd;WtpLk; vd;gJ

fhkuhrh; mwpe;j ufrpak;jhd;.

Mdhy; jdJ cly; epiy rhpapy;yhjijf; fhuzk;

fhl;o njh;jy; gzpfspypUe;J jd;id tpLtpj;Jf;bfhz;lhh;

vd;gJ ep$k;. thjnehahy; mth; mtjpg;gl;L te;jJ cz;ik.

fl;rpapd; tpUg;gj;ij epuhfupf;f ntz;lhk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;

mij Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhYk;/ njh;jypypUe;J xJ';fp ,Ug;gJ

vd;w jdJ Kotpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh; . ntl;g [ kDit

jhf;fy; bra;Jtpl;L jdJ kfd; tpy;rd; mg;gnyhir jdJ

njh;jy; gpujpepjpahf epakpj;Jtpl;L/ mk;ghrKj;jpuk; brd;W

v. mg ;Js; urhf ;if fz;L/ tpy ;rd ; mg ;gnyhir tHp

elj;Jtjw;Fg; gzpj;J tpl;L gk;gha;f;F jdJ kfs; tPl;oy;

Xa;t[vLg;gjw;fhf brd;Wtpl;lhh;.

bghWg ;ig eph ;tfpf ;Fk; Jzptpy;yhky; khh ;#y;

nerkzp jiy kiwthfptpl ;lhu ; vd;W jhqyp';fk ; /

T.T. lhdpnay; Mfpnahh; ehTrhky; vjph;gpurhuj;jpy; ,w';fp

tpl;ldh;. Mdhy; kf;fs; ,tu;fsJ Fjh;f;fg;ngr;ir rl;il

bra;atpy;iy. khh;#y; tpiutpy; jpUk;gp te;J tpLthh; vd;Wk;

gyh; gpur;rhuk; bra;jdh;. khh;#y; ,y;yhjJ fh';fpu!; fl;rp

ntl;ghsh;fSf;F gLghjfj;ij cUthf;fptpLk; vd;Wk;

fhkuhrUf;F ghlk; g [fl;Ltjw;fhfnt nerkzp fsj;jpy;

,Ue;J gpd ;ndwp tpl ;lhh ; vd;Wk; T.T. lhdpnaYk;/

jhqyp';ft[k; fhkuhrupd; fhjpy; Cjpdh;.

Xl;Lg;gjpt[f ;F Ke;jpa ehsd;W khh;#y; nerkzp

gk;ghapypUe;J jpUk;gp te;J tpl;lhh;. kWehs; fhiyapy; njh;jy;

ele;J bfhz;oUe;j thf;Fr; rhtofis Rw;wpg;ghh;g;gjw;fhf

fhiy 9.30 kzpf;F g[wg;gl;L/ ehfh;nfhtpy;/ brl;of;Fsk;/

200 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

uh$hf;fk';fyk; nuhL tHpahf kzthsf;Fwpr;rp/ kz;ilf;fhL

nghd;w thf;Fr; rhtofis xU ghh ;it ghh ;j ;jhh ; .

mt;tst[jhd;. kf;fs; Mh;g;ghpj;jdh;. khh;#y; te;Jtpl;lhh;/

je;ij te;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W cw;rhfk; bgh';f kf;fs; Muthuk;

bra;jdh;. bra;jp fhl;Lj;jP nghd;W Fkhpkhtl;lk; xl;Lbkhj;jkhf/

epkplj;jpy; gutpaJ. thf;Fg;gjpt[ tpWtpWg;gile;jJ.

,ijg;nghd;W Fsr;ry; / fU';fy; / g [Jf ;fil/

khh;j;jhz;lk; te;J tpl;lhh; khh;#y;. m';fpUe;J Mw;Wg;ghyk;

tHp Fwpj;Jiw te;jhh;. ,e;j ,lk;; ehah;fspd; nfhj;jpuk; MFk;/

m';fpUe;j Tl;lj;jpdiu cw;rhfg;gLj;jptpl;L ehfh;nfhtpYf;F

jpUk;gpdhh;. tPL te;J nrh;e;j khh;#iy gj;jphpifahsh;fs;

NH;e;J njh;jy; Kot[ vg;goapUf;Fk; vd;W nfl;ldh;.

"new;W tPL te;J nrh;e;j vd;dhy; vijr; brhy;y Koa[k;"vd;W ifiatpupj;jhh;.

xUehs; fHpj;J Kot[fs; te;jd. mtiu vjph;j;Jg;

nghl ;oapl ;ltu ;fs; \thpy ; ,Uth; $hkPid ,He;jhh ; .

,Hf;fhjth; xUth;. mhprd tFg;igr; rhh;e;j tpntfhde;jh; kl;Lnk.

MdhYk; ,th; tpst';nfhL jhYfh gf;fk; nghfntapy;iy.

kf;fsplk; nghfhky;/ kf;fsplk; Xl;L nfl;fhky; vjphpfis

njh;jy; fsj;jpy; moj;J tPH;j;jpa rhjid cyfrhjiday;yth>

,ijf;fz;L bgUe;jiyth; fhkuhrnu mre;J nghdhh;. tPL

tPlhf/ bjUj;bjUthf Vwp ,w';fp/ kf;fsplk; thf;Ff; nfl;L

miye;J jphpe;Jk;/ fhkuhrh; njh;jypy; njhw;Wg;nghdhh;. ,J

Fwpj;J mg;Jd;urhf; TWfpwhh;:-

". . . ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;bghpa mjprak; vd;dbtd;why;/

bjhFjpf ;Fg ; nghfhkny/ thf ;fhsh ;fis mqfp

mth;fSila Mjuit nfl;fhkny ,e;jpahtpy; njh;jypy;

btd;w ,Uthpy; xUtuhf ,th ; (nerkzp) jpfH;e ;jhh ; .

201 C[kúRôhPm

kw ;wth ; njth ;j ; j pUkfd; vd;W r pwg ;g pf ;fg ;gLk ;

Kj;Juhkyp';fj; njth; Mthh;.!"

,ijtpl ,d;bdhU mjprak;. "vd; nju ;jy;

njhHu;fSf;Fj;juhj Xl;L vdf;Fj; njitapy;iy" vd;W ve;j

ntl;ghsDk; brhd;dJz;lh>. gz;oj neU Tl brhd;djpy;iy.

nguwp"u; mz;zh brhd;djpy;iy. bgUe;jiyth; jpU. fhkuhru;

brhd;dJz;lh> Vd;/ fiy"h; K. fUzhepjpath;fs;

brhd;dJz;lh> Mdhy; Fkupj;je;ij khh;#y; v. nerkzp

mth;fs; brhd;dhh;!. fpwp!;jth;fsplj;jpy; Jzpe;J brhd;dhh;.

,J Fwpj;J jpU. mg;Jy; urhf; vGJfpwhh;.

". . . ,y;iy/ ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F kl;Lk;jhd; c';fs;

Mjuit vdf;Fj; jUfpwPh;fs; vd;why;/ r';iff;Fupa FU

mtu ;fns (Rev. Fr . Navamony) vd;id kd ;dpj ;J

tpL';fs;. vd; njh;jy; njhHh;fis tpl;Lf; bfhLj;J tpl;L

ehd; c';fs; Mjuitg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;tjw;Fj; jahuhf

,y;iy . . . mg;gor; bra;a Koahtpl;lhy; vdf;fhf eP';fs;

,uf;fg;gl ntz;lhk;. ehd; ftiyg;glt[k; khl;nld; . . .

Mdhy; / mHfg ;gg [uk ; tl ;lhuj ;j py ; jdf ;F thf ;fspf ;f

ntz;lhk; (An Unworthy Vote is an Unholy Vote !)vd;W nerkzp cjhukhfg; ngrpaijg;nghy ntWahUk;

v';Fk; ngrpajpy;iy".

v.v. urhf ; - nerkzp xU rupj ;j puj ;jpUg ;gk ; -v.v. urhf ; - nerkzp xU rupj ;j puj ;jpUg ;gk ; -v.v. urhf ; - nerkzp xU rupj ;j puj ;jpUg ;gk ; -v.v. urhf ; - nerkzp xU rupj ;j puj ;jpUg ;gk ; -v.v. urhf ; - nerkzp xU rupj ;j puj ;jpUg ;gk ; -

gf ;fk ; -140 kw ;Wk; 141)gf ;fk ; -140 kw ;Wk; 141)gf ;fk ; -140 kw ;Wk; 141)gf ;fk ; -140 kw ;Wk; 141)gf ;fk ; -140 kw ;Wk; 141)

,th;jhd; Fkhpj; je;ij khh;#y; v. nerkzp kf;fs;

jiyth;. kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fh ,lk; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;l bgUk;

tpLjiytPuh;. jkpHd; ,He;j kz;zpy; bfh";rj;ijahtJ

jkpH;j;jha;f;F kPl;Lj;je;j xnu tPukfd;; khh;#y; v. nerkzp

Mthh;.!!!

202 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

75. jkpHd; ,He;jJ Vuhsk; 75. jkpHd; ,He;jJ Vuhsk; 75. jkpHd; ,He;jJ Vuhsk; 75. jkpHd; ,He;jJ Vuhsk; 75. jkpHd; ,He;jJ Vuhsk; !

'tlnt';flk ; bjd;Fkhp Mapil jkpH ;TWk;

ey;Yyfj;J! ". . . vd;W gHe;jkpHfj;J vy;iyiaf; Fwpj;jhh;

gdk;ghudhh;. ,tu; mj';nfhl;L Mrhdpd; CUf;F mLj;j

Cuhd gdk;gH";rpiar ; rhh ;e ;jth ; . bjhy;fhg ;g pah ; /

mj';nfhl;L Mrhd; kw;Wk; gdk;ghudhh; Mfpa \tUk; xU

rhiy khzhf;fh; Mth;. ,e;j jkpH; epyj;ij jd;duRfshd

nru nrhH ghz;oah;fs; fp.K. 1000 Kjy; fp.gp. 250 tiuapy;

rPUk;rpwg;g[lDk; Mz;L te;jdh;. Mdhy; fp.gp. 250 Kjy; fp.gp.

575 tiu ,j;jkpH ; kz;iz nruh ; kw ;Wk ; ghz;oah ;fs;

fsg;gpuh; vd;w ntw;wuRf;F Kw;wpYk; ,He;jdh;. mnj nghd;W

nrhHh;fSk; jkpH; kz;iz fp.gp. 300 Kjy; fp.gp. 900 tiu

gy;yth;fsplk; ,He;jdh;. jkpHh;fs; ,He;j j';fsJ ehl;il

ghz;oah;fs; fp.gp . 575- y; kPl ;L fp.gp . 875 tiu kPz;Lk;

Mz;ldh ; . jpUk ;gt [k ; ghz;oa ehl ;il fp .g p . 1310 -y ;

,Ryhkpah;fSf;Fk;/ fp.gp. 1364-y; tpraefu bjY';fh;fSf;Fk;/

mtu ;fisj; bjhlh ;e ;J fp .g p . 1529 -y ; fUehlf

ehaf;fh ;fSf;Fk; ,He;jdh;. ehaf;fh ;fisj; bjhlh;e ;J

kuhl;oah;fSf;Fk;/ gpwF fUehlf ethg[fSf;Fk; ghz;oa

ehL ifkhwpw;W. mt;thW ghz;oa ehL KGtJk; Mw;fhL

ethg[f;Fr; brhe;jkhapw;W. gpwF ,k;kz;iz jkpHh;fs;

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204 ®ÓRûXlúTôo

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nerkzpapd; mwpf;ifnerkzpapd; mwpf;ifnerkzpapd; mwpf;ifnerkzpapd; mwpf;ifnerkzpapd; mwpf;if

Annexere11th August 1954 and There after

Representations have been made by various bodiesand individuals regarding the situation in Travancore TamilNadu since August 11, 1954. I submit this statement to clarifythe incidents that took place on that date and subsequentlyand what led to these incidents.

1. Sri. Pattom Tanu Pillay is an enemy of the TravancoreTamil Nadu Congress :

During the course of the election in 1948 he caused theshooting at Mangad and Keezhkulam and two valuable liveswere lost. About sixty cases were filed by the police under hisinstruction. When he headed the first ministry and until hisdownfall he followed a policy of discrimination with the avowedobject of destroying the Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress(T.T.N.C.). The proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of thattime and the various representations made by us bear thisout.

It was widely talked about that Sri. Pattom Thanu Pillayis to head a ministry as soon as the last elections were over.He through his friends approached the President of the T.T.N.C.and offered the speakership of the local Assembly. But, wewho had fought all political parties in the state did not wish tobe allied to any party or be under obligation to any party which

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would undermine our independent existence as an oppositiongroup. So, the offer was turned down. This infuriated him.Subsequently in the elections to the various standingcommittees, the Council of State and the Devaswom Board,the T.T.N.C. had to adopt a course opposed to his wishes andhis party candidates suffered reverses one after the other.These infuriated him further and he assumed a hostile attitudeand made up his mind to take vengeance on us.

2. Representaion to the Ministers for the execution ofirrigation Projects :

When the Minister for Finance presented his first budgetwe found that the construction of the Neyyar Left Bank Channelincluded in the First Five Year Plan was given up during thePlan period. Various other irrigation and drinking water supplyschemes which were included in successive budgets but werenot executed mostly because they benefited the TravancoreTamil Nadu were omitted in the budget. So the fourteenmembers of the T.T.N.C. Parliamentary Party presented amemorandum requesting the ministers to reconsider the budgetproposal so as to include certain schemes and to execute thoseschemes included in the budget without allowing any amountto iapse. Failing which we stated that we would be compelledto adopt other methods. A copy of this representaion was sentto all the Ministers concerned in New Delhi. The Secretary ofthe party wrote to the Chief Minister to fix a day so that wemight wait on him and discuss the matter with him. He was notcourteous enough to fix a day. He turned a deaf ear to ourrequests and we understand that he laughed at our requestsand stated that he would not be persuaded by threats.

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3. Persecution of Tamils in Deviculam :

Since the presentation of the Memorandum by theT.T.N.C. to the Boundary Commission urging the merger of theTaluks of Deviculam and Peermade along with other Tamil talukswith the Madras State, the Tamils in these taluks are beingharassed by the police at the instance of interested parties. TheLocal branch of the T.T.N.C. informed us that securityproceedings have been started against about 400 personsincluding women and that most of them are being tortured by thelocal police. Labour leaders were arrested, fettered and paradedthrough the streets of Munnar in pouring rain. One Sri.Kuppuswamy was so belaboured that his ear drum is rupturedand he had become an invalid. Hearing this, four representativesof T.T.N.C including three members of the local LegislativeAssembly went over to Deviculam, investigated the situation thereand made a representaion to the local Sub-Inspector of Policewould ease the situation. He refused to look into the matter andthe situation there was deteriorating. So several urgentrepresentaions were made and they too were not attended to.

4. Defiance of prohibitory order in Deviculam :

Since the Government did not pay any heed to ourrepresentaions, the T.T.N.C. declared the observance of June30th as Deviculam Day in Travancore Tamil Nadu. It wasobserved peacefully everywhere by holding public meetingsand passing resolutions condemning the police atrocities andthe Government. But, I had planned a visit to Deviculam onJuly 4 and so the observance of that day was postponed tothat date. Before I reached Deviculam on the July 3rd thepolice succeeded in getting an order under Section 144 Cr.

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P.C. promulgated to prevent me from contacting our localleaders and addressing public meetings. I thought that Ishould not be a coward and felt it my duty to disobey thatillegal order. So, a notice was served on the local Magistrateintimating him that Sri. Childambaranathan, (Ex. Minister)Sri. A.A. Razak, Member, Council of States, and I would disobeythe order and we did so, on July 4th, we were arrested,convicted and sentenced to six weeks imprisonment. This wasfollowed by batches of satyagrahies mostly led by membersof the local Assembly, Presidents of Panchayats and otherresponsible leaders, disobeying the prohibitory order.

5. Launching of peaceful satyagraha :

Following our imprisonment the T.T.N.C. decided uponlaunching peaceful satyagraha to express our dissatisfactionwith the present ministry and to demonstrate that all ourfundamental rights are in jeopardy in this state and thatnothing would save us except an immediate merger with theMadras State. This was carried on from July 9th to August11th most peacefully and batches of satyagrahies courtedimprisonment. There had been no violence to any personand no untoward incident.

6. A concerted plan to discredit the T.T.N.C. and to crushit down with violence :

The T.T.N.C. declared August 11th to be observed asDeliverance Day throughout Travancore Tamil Nadu. TheChief Minister in his reply to an adjournment motion on July12th in the local Legislative Assembly stated that he wouldBeat down the T.T.N.C. agitation. On August 8th he addresseda public meeting in the Pazhavangadi Maidan in Trivandrum

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when he threatened the Tamils in Trivandrum and asked themwhether they too are leaving the State with those in Tamil Nad.At the same time he threatened to ruthlessly put down theT.T.N.C. agitation with an iron hand on the pretext of grantingsecurity to Malayalees. He engineered an anti T.T.N.C.movement of his own caste men. This was followed byprovocative articles in the Malayalam press at the instance ofthe Puplic Relations Officer. On the night of August 9th allthose who were in the Jails for disobying the prohibitory orderwere ordered to be released even though some of us had onythree days more to complete the term. This included sixmembers of the local Assembly and two members of theParliament. We were thus released, in furtherance of aconcerted plan by goverment of creating incidents and bookus all imputing criminal acts on the Deliverace Day.

7. The Deliverance Day :

The day was observed peacefully throughout Tamilnad.No incident happened till 1.30 p.m. except wanton lathi chargeson peaceful processions at Nagercoil and Marthandam. Completehartal was observed. There was massing of police force in allcentres. But nothing happened to provoke the police to action.

8. The incidents as they happened at Marthadam :

A peaceful procession of students was wantonly lathicharged by the police and two students on the pretext of peltingstones were severly beaten and taken into the police van.The students dispersed and lay on the road about half a mileaway in front of the school demanding the release of thestudents. If only the two students were released nothing wouldhave happened at Marthandam.

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A peaceful procession of the T.T.N.C. was taken out alongthe main roads. A batch of vounteers picketted the Sub-Registrar's Office and no police man was there. Theprocession then moved on to the Magistrate's Court with thevolunteers for picketting. The police who had mustered strongin the court compound rushed through two gates at differentplaces and wantonly charged the processionists. Confusionprevailed and a few were beaten up with lathis and carriedaway. Hundreds were injured.

By this the situation in front of the school worsened by theaction of the headmaster of the local Government High Schoolwho called in the police. The police indulged in indiscriminatelathi charge on passers by and the students. Hundreds wereinjured and they were carried away in police vans and brutallytortured. Then began a reign of terror. Police were let loose.One telegraph post and eight telephone posts within a distanceof three miles were pulled down. Obstructions are alleged to havebeen placed on the main road. But it is significant that nobodywas caught red handed in the act even though fully loaded policevans with armed police were running up and down the road. Thiswas a situation created by the police and their hirelings. Thenbegan the chase and the shooting at random on the pretext ofpelting with stones. In isolated places, one by one wounded farexceeds those mentioned in the press notes. People have fledfor their lives and until they return after normal conditions, thenumber of dead and wounded cannot be assessed.

9. The incident at Puthukaday :

Early on the morning of August 11 the Sub-Registrar'sOffice close by Puthukaday, there was a demonstration in front

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of the Sub-Register is alleged to have requisitioned policehelp from Marthandam even though a police out post wascloseby. In the evening a peaceful meeting was held in a compoundat Puthukaday presidend over by Sri. C. Gopalakrishnan,Advocate. The armed police appeared there pushed him andhis companion Mathiazhagan into a police van and tourturedthem. With no warming the police opened fire. The policechased the people shooting indiscriminately at various places.The casialities were very heavy. Nobody knows how manywere killed and how many were wounded. Rumours are afloatthat two lorry loads of dead and wounded were carried awayto Trivandrum. The damage to the Post Office and the policeout post are subsequent events made up by the police andtheir hirelings to justify the shooting, for while the peoplewere flying for their lives men of a particular communitychased them and severely manhandled them.

10. Terrorism Prevails :

The wounded when carried to the hospital weresnatched away and their helpers arrested and tortured. Fivewounded persons were removed to the hospital and they areall now figuring as accused. So, several of the wounded diedfor want of proper medical relief. From the afternoon of August11 terrorism prevails. There is no safety of person andproperty. Police informers and our political enemies haveseized this opportunity of supplying lists of T.T.N.C. workers,and sympathisers to the police. Armed police with these listsseize all those whom they could find on the road, in marketplaces, in the fields, in villages and vehicles. If they are in thelist they are beaten and taken into the van, if not they are

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given a sound thrashing and driven off. Fields lie without beingharvested. Nobody is safe to follow his own avocations.Sanctity of homes have been violated and the modesty ofwomen outraged. It is now a police Raj. Inhuman crueltiesare perpetuated in the name of Law and order. Sri. KunjanNadar, M.L.A. was arrested at midnight by forcibly breakingopen his house. Then what about others?

11. The Black Holes :

Every police lockup is awfully crowded. There is not evensitting spaces in some lock ups. Organised violence and tortureis the order of the day in these lock ups. The skies are rent withtheir sreams at night - a living death in the cell. The spectre ofdeath is before their eyes. There is no account of those arrested,and locked up in jalls. Several are alleged to have been removedto hospitals. But where to find them is the question?

12. Medical relief :

The urgent matter for consideration is the check up ofall those locked in police lock ups by a competent medical officerof repute and to render medical aid to all those who have beentortured by the police. It is quite evident that no magistratewould even dare to grant bail to any until the evidence of tortureis obliterated. It is a humane problem that requires immediateattention. Physicians are requisitioned stealthly to treat thewounded in the lock ups to obliterate evidence of torture.

13. Sham Justic :

Nothing need be said of the early records in eachcase. Competent courts would adjudge on their relativevalue. The Chief Minister had been to places where shooting

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took place and whole heartedly supported the action of thepolice in public. Then he directed the district collector tohold an enquiry about the shooting. Witnesses weresuborned and in the death stillness of a court surroundedby hundreds of armed police the court held its sittings. Whowould dare to give evidence speaking the truth and nothingbut the truth. It was only a mockery of justice. Now, nominister is tired of haranguing that the shooting was justifiedand what justice can be obtained and from whom is thequestion.

We are witnessing today the worst forms ofcommunalism making strident march in Tamil Nad. Sri.Pattom Thanu Pillay is a Malayalee and he cannot brookthe sight of a Tamilian crossing his path. He is a Nair whothirsts for the blood of the Nadar, his opponent. He hasdrunk enough of its, not once but twice. Could not thisorgy of manhunting and man slaughter be put an end to?

14. Cases Launched :

We are not in a position even today to give the numberof cases that have been taken up from every police stationsince August 11th. From the information available we areled to think that atleast 12 cases have been taken up andthe accused in them are innumerable. As usual the policesay 2000 others or 150 others or the others in all their reports.Thus they are casting a very wide net and nobody in TamilNad is sure whether he is an accused or not. All the namesof those who are in the lock ups are not available. But, inthe mean time interested parties and police are having agood harvest.

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15. Asylum in the Madras State :

People have fled and have taken refuge in the MadrasState and elsewhere. The police are attempting to haul themup and they have met with failure. This has led to the outburstof the Chief Minister at Ernakulam making a wild allegation thatthe Chief Minister of Madras and Sri. Subramoniam would haveinvaded Tamil Nad if there was no Central Government. Thusthe attitude of the Chief Minister of this State is made up.

16. An enforced non-co-operation :

Every Panchayat member, Panchayat President,Municipal Councillor and Municipal Chairman is either arrestedor is wanted. So panchayats and municipalities have ceasedto function. How long they would continue as such is aquestion. Thus all local self governing institutions are at astand still. Shope are closed. Market places deserted andnormal life in all areas is rendered impossible owing to theactivities of police vans.

17. An impartial judicial enquiry :

The T.N.N.C. demands an enquiry by a tribunalconsisting of two non-officials of repute in the public life ofIndia presided over by an eminent judge of the status at leastof a High Court Judge from outside Travancore - Cochin. Weare prepared to lead evidence before such a tribunal andsubstantiate every allegation that has been made in thisstatement. The tribunal should have wide powers not only toinvestigate the firing but also police excesses and torturesand into the conduct of all officers connected with the incidentson August 11 and subsequently.

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Finally the T.T.N.C appeals to every citizen in TravancoreTamil Nad to be calm and never retaliate violence withviolence. Violence would defeat our objective and we wouldplay into the hands of our enemies. To those who lost theirlives we bow in silence and offer our heart felt condolences tothe bereaved families. To Those mothers and sisters whosedear ones are lauguishing behind prison bars we extend oursympathy. We assure you that eminent counsels are engagedto defend them and to prove their innocence. To those whoare suffering from police tortures and to those who arerendered destitute we have been able to afford some relief.But that is not adequate and organised relief is shortlyforthcoming. We have passed through blood and fire. Wehave aroused the conscience of all right thinking peoplethroughout India irrespective of party allegiance. Our friendsfrom the Madras State visited us and comforted us and to themwe are much indebted. We have marched neareer to our goal.Through this suffering let us renew our faith in our objective.

30th August, 1954 A. NesamonyA. NesamonyA. NesamonyA. NesamonyA. Nesamony

ToThe President,Indian National CongressNew Delhi.

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engal viduthalai poor

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