1. SABRI LIAZID ABDELKAD ER

2. Spanish and English Vowels Properties of vowels Tongue height: Close or high Open or low Mid Tongue advancement Front Back CentralA Vowel is a speech sound that is produced without any obstruction air in the speech tract.Lip rounding Rounded: [u], [u:], [o], [:] Unrounded: all others 3. Monophthongs Vowels Dipthongs 4. English vowels 1.- /i/ 7.- /:/ 2.- /I/ 8.- // 3.- /e/ 9.- /u:/ 4.- // 10.- // 5.- /a:/ 11.- /:/ 12.- // 6.- //Click on each vowel to listen. 5. /i/ Production: Being a long vowel, it almost sounds like a diphthong in RP. Its long enough to be one, but it does not actually glide into another vowel sound. The lips are only slightly spread.Most important spellings EE: see /si feed /fi bee /bi /, d/ /. EA: read /ri eat /i d/, t/. IE: shield /i field /fi ld/, ld/. E: scene /si , be /bi these /i n/ /, z/ EO: people / pl/ pi EY: Key /ki/ AY: quay /ki/Practice 1.- In which of the following words does /i:/ occur? Analysis, between, complete, determine, field, foetus, friendly, leaf, Japanese, live, magazine, meal, official, peace, people, key, receive, unique, ski. 6. /I/ Production: the front of the tongue is raised towards the palate. The position of the whole tongue is relatively high in the mouth, making it a closed vowel. The lips are slightly spread.Most important spelling Mainly I and y Rich /rt/, lady le.di/, body / bd.i/, milk /mlk/ Language / l.wd/ Wanted / wn d/ .t Money / mn.i/ Minute / mn.t/Practice In which of the following words does /I/ occur? Build, busy, climate, heat, between, endure, England, extreme, fitting, image, bees, ladies, mountain, nation, palace, orange, pocket, pretty, private, routine. 7. /e/Most important spellings EA: Head /hed/, dead /ded/. E: Bed /bed/, pens /pen/, sell /sel/. A: many / men.i/, any / en.i/Practice In which of the following words does /e/ occur? Seat, death, Betty, again, breathe, believe, desperate, friend, many, said, pretty, women, bury, Mary, healthy, Peter, Geoffrey, waited, ate. 8. // Most important spellings that represent // a : hand, match, lamp, /hnd//mt/ /lmp/ /e/FlashFleshMassMessRackWretchBadBedBagBegManmenPractice In which of the following words does /ae/ occur? Catch, chance, attack, plait, craft, ask, camera, want, democratic, half, debate, table, chaos, nation, wander, salt, fashion, task, all, man. 9. /a:/ Most important spellings A:ask, grass, car. /sk /rs / / ER, EAR: clerk, heart. /klk /ht / / AL: half /hf calm /km /, / AU: aunt /nt laugh /lf /, //a:///March /mt /Match /mt/Lark /lk/Lack /lk/Bark /bk/Back /bk/Carp/kp/Cap /kp/Barn /bn /Ban /bn/Practice In which of the following words does /a:/ occur? Sparkle, pass, bad, heart, stammer, expand, want, branch, travel, calm, half, laugh, romantic, dance, nasty, start, cant, father, class, farm. 10. // Most important spellings o a au ou ow // Cop Shot Lock Strong Mock Longnot /nt/, box /bks/, dog /d/. want /wnt/, what /wt/, watch /wt/ because /bkz /- / kz/ cough /kf/ knowledge / nl.d/ / / Cup Shut Luck Strung Muck LungProduction: The organs of articulation similar position to the ones of /a: / .The tongue and jaw are lowered as the back of the tongue is used to articulate this vowel. The lips are slightly rounded.Practice In which of the following words does the sound // occur? Rock, roll, lot, because, Austria, folk, dog, love, gone, done, cough, quality, dont, wont, front, what, want, wonder, wander, nothing, quarter, hall, no, August, knowledge. 11. /:/ The difference between // and /: / is quantity. For many Spanish speakers it sounds more proximate to /u/ than to //. Most important spellings horse hs / poor /pr / more /mr / saw, law. /s/ l/ / board /bd / bought /bt / four /fr / all /l ///CaughtO OOR ORE AW OAR OU OUR A/:/CotSportSpotShortShotStalkStockPractice In which of the following words does occur? Cord, more, world, war, worth, author, cause, sausage, gauche, our, your, roll, encourage, course, law, taught, cot, talk, walk, journey, all, hall, board, door, poor. 12. // Articulation: the tongue and jaw are raised as the back of the tongue is used to articulate this vowel. Hence it is a back, close (high) vowel. The lips are rounded.Most important spellings: U full /fl/ put /pt OO book /bk/, look /lk/. OU could /kd should /d/ O woman / wm.n/Practice In which of the following words does // occur? Put, push, pull, pool, wool, good, wood, room, bathroom, cook, woman, women, sugar, could, should, bush, hush, amuse, group, woo. 13. /u:/ OO spoon /spun / , shoot /ut /, troop /trup,boom /bum / /. OU soup /sup, / O do /du/ /du/ U june /dunflu /flu/ , EW, UE, UI, OE, jew /du/,suit /sut shoe /sut blue / /, /blu/ .Production: This vowel is towards the back and is a close sound. The lips are only moderately rounded./u:/FoolPracticeIn which of the following words does /u:/ occur? Blue, rheumatism, due, regular, food, bruise, build, sew, chew, wool, beauty, canoe, toe, groove, foot, biscuit, fruit, routine, youth, young.//FullLukeLookCooedCouldShedShouldPoolPull 14. //Most important spellings. U sun /sn/, run /rn, fun /fn/. O won /wn/, come /km/, done /dn/. OU country / kn.tri/, southern / s.n/, young /j/. oo blood /bld/, flood /fld/. CupCapButBatRunRanSome// Money/e/ ManyBut WonBet WhenDoneDenArticulation: This is a central vowel and one which is more open than midranged. The lip position is neutral one.SamPracticeIn which of the following words does //? Sun, dilute, struggle, month, punish, come, bother, country, hush, blood, tough, Young, front, doubt, mother, busy, dull, full, does, run. 15. /:/Most important spellings Ir first / fst / Er serve /sv / Ear earth / / Ur nurse /ns / Or word /wd / Our journey /d .ni/:/e/BirdBedLearnedLendTurnTenBurnBenWorldwedThere is no similar sound in Spanish. This is a central vowel. The lips are not rounded. A Didactic procedure would be to produce a Spanish e and, little by little to approximate it to an o not reaching it.PracticeIn which of the following words does occur? Bird, girl, purpose, serve, serial, turn, word, lord, journey, courtesy, journalist, earth, heards, hear. 16. //Practice The schwa is an unstressed central vowel and is the most common vowel and is the most common vowel to appear in English. There is no similar sound in Spanish. We tend to assimilate it to an unstressed e when its not final (another /n .r/). In final position we assimilate it to an a (letter).In which syllable do you hear //: 1, 2, 3 or X? Propose, company, banana, colossal, husband, melody, common, describe, phonetics, custom, mineral, focus, contact, emperor, England, abstract, opposite, aware, possess, condition. 17. Diphthongs Diphthongs are those sounds that consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another. The first part of a diphthong is always longer and stronger than the second part. 18. /ei/ and /u//ei/ A : baby, face, late , page, place, same, take. AY : day, say , stay, today way, AI : rain, Spain, train, wait EA: great /ret/, weight /wet/, steak /stek/./u/ O: go, hello, no, old, only, hotel. O, e: home /hm/, hole /hl/, nose /nz/, those /z/. OA: boat, coat, road, Joan. OW: know, low, narrow, show, slow, throw. OU: though, soul, shoulder. 19. /ai/ and /au//ai/ I, y: child, find, five, smile, try, by, fly, right, sky, Igh: high, light, night, right, bright. Ye: eye, goodbye. Other spellings: lie, buy./au/ Ou: about / bat/, mouth /ma/, count /kant/, round /rand/, out /at/, round /rand/. Ow: cow, crowd, flower, down, now, town, brown. 20. // and /i/ /i/ ea: dear, hear, ear, near. er, eer: deer, beer, here. other spellings: idea, real, museum.// The sound /oi/ is written with the letters: oi: noise, point , voice oy: boy, toy, employ 21. //and /u/// -are: share /er/, scare /sker/, mare /mer/, care /ker/. -air: chair, pair, air, -ear: bear, tear -ere: where /wer/, there /er/3 Other spellings: their, theyre, wear, Mary me.ri. /u/ The first element is a /u/ and the second one is a //. It is often pronounced // or // Look at the following examples: Poor /pr/