eng-vietnamese election glossary_election
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U.S. ElEction ASSiStAncE commiSSiony Ban tr gip tuyn c Hoa k
Glossaryof key election terminology
Vietnamese
Bn ch Gii cc thUtnG chnh v tUyn c
Ting Vit
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2008
U.S. ElEction ASSiStAncE commiSSiony Ban Tr Gip Tuyn C Hoa K
Glossaryof Key eleCTion TerminoloGy
Vietnamese
Bn ch Gii cc thUtnG chnh v tUyn c
Ting Vit
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Pubshed 2008
U.S. Eectn Assstance Cssn
1225 New Yk Avenue, NW
Sute 1100
Washngtn, DC 20005
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Backgund 1
Pcess 2
Hw t use ths gssay 3
Pnuncatn Gude f Key Tes 3
Cents 4
Abut EAC 4
Engsh t Vetnaese 9
Vetnaese t Engsh 82
Glossary of key election terminology / Bn CH Gii CC THuT nG CHnH v Tuyn C
Contents
B c 5
Qu tr 6
c Dg c nag G tu ng n 7
c l B lu 7
v Ea 7
tg A tg v 9
tg v tg A 82
Contents
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In 1979, the Federal Election Commission
(FEC) published a series of reports under
The National Clearinghouse on ElectionAdministration (NCEA) to assist election
officials in their efforts to provide election
services to groups identified by Section
203 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) as
language minorities The purpose of the
reports was to provide guidance to state
and local election officials for (1)
identifying their language minority
populations, (2) providing bilingual
registration services, and (3) providing
bilingual balloting services The three-
volume series consisted of:A Handbook of
Ideas for Local Election Officials, A Glossaryof Common Spanish Election Terminology, and
A State of the Art Report. The ideas and
recommendations contained in these
reports were not designed as legal
guidelines for complying with the
provisions of the VRA nor were election
officials required to consider or adopt them
In 2002, the Help America Vote Act of
2002 (HAVA) established the US
Election Assistance Commission (EAC) to
assist in the administration of Federal
elections and to otherwise provide
assistance with the administration ofcertain Federal election laws and programs,
to establish minimum election
administration standards for States and
units of local government with
responsibility for the administration of
Federal elections, and for other purposes
(PL 107-252) Section 202 of HAVA
directs the EAC to serve as a national
clearinghouse and resource for the
compilation of information and review of
procedures with respect to the
administration of Federal elections by
adopting voluntary voting systems
guidelines; providing for the testing,
certification, decertification, and
recertification of voting system hardware
and software; and by conducting research
and activities that promote the effective
administration of elections Furthermore,
Sections 241 (b)(5) and (14) of HAVA
allow the EAC to conduct studies and
other activities that address: 1) methods of
ensuring the accessibility of voting,
registration, polling places, and voting to all
voters, including individuals with
disabilities (including the blind and visually
impaired), Native American or AlaskaNative citizens, and voters with limited
proficiency in the English language, and
2) the technical feasibility of providing
voting materials in eight or more languages
for voters who speak those languages and
who have limited English proficiency
HAVA also transferred to the EAC all
functions which the FECs Office of
Election Administration exercised before
the date of the enactment HAVA,
including the maintenance of the National
Mail-In Voter Registration Form
To initiate the process of meeting theserequirements, the EAC convened two
meetings to provide guidance to the
Commission on research to address barriers
faced by language minorities to the election
process The first meeting focused on
Spanish-speaking voters (August 2005) and
the second focused on voters from the
Asian and Pacific Islander American
communities (April 2006) Both of these
meetings included discussions on the
readability and usability of the National
Mail-In Voter Registration Form and
updating the FECsA Glossary of CommonSpanish Election Terminology. The meetings
were comprised of local election officials,
Congressional staff members, national
advocacy groups, and research and public
policy organizations
As a result of these meetings, the EAC
established the Language Accessibility
Program (LAP) to conduct research and
other activities to assist election officials in
meeting the needs of voters with limited
English-proficiency The first activity of
LAP was the development and publication
of the 2007Glossary of Key ElectionTerminology [English/Spanish and Spanish/
English] Similar to the FECs 1979 glossary,
the main purpose of the EAC glossary is to
assist state and local election officials in
providing translated election materials that
are culturally and linguistically appropriate
Due to the need for a similar glossary for
each of the five Asian languages covered by
the Voting Rights Act and the large success
of the Spanish glossary, the EAC has
Glossary of key election terminology 1
Background
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2 U.S. Election Assistance Commission
The EAC glossary includes a total of 1,843
terms and phrases used in the
administration of elections in the United
States The glossary contains the original
words from the FECs glossary In addition,
new words and phrases were compiled from
a review of the informational materials
made available on each states election
website This included, but was not limited
to: voter guides/pamphlets; registration
forms; voting systems and their
components; Election Day forms andmaterials; sample ballots; and state/local
election glossaries In addition, the terms
found in the 2005 Voluntary Voting System
Guidelines (VVSG) glossary were also
incorporated, along with their definitions,
as they appear in the VVSG As terms and
phrases were considered for inclusion in the
glossary, they were reviewed for their
degree of usage, specificity to elections, and
similarity to other phrases
In September 2006, the EAC contracted
with Compass Languages to provide for the
translation of the glossary into the fiveAsian languages To ensure the translations
were culturally and linguistically
appropriate, terms were translated by
Compass multi-dialect team of professional
translators In addition, for each language
the draft translations were reviewed by a
group of stakeholders with expertise in the
target language and subject matter to
expertise in the target languages and
subject matter The stakeholder groups
included representatives from the
organizations that participated in the
EACs Asian languages meeting At times,
more than one translation was considered
to be appropriate and widely accepted In
such cases, all of the possible translations
were included in the glossary and are left to
the user to decide which translation suits
his or her needs and target population
However, the translation most commonly
accepted and appropriate in the context of
elections is listed first State and local
election officials are encouraged to workcooperatively with each other and with
members of the target population to
develop and review translated election
materials that are suitable for their State
and local communities
The EAC would like to acknowledge the
following organizations for their time and
assistance in ensuring the quality of the
translations provided in the EACs Asian
languages glossaries:
Asian Pacific American Legal Center
Filipino American Service Group (FASGI)
King County, Washington
Korean American Resource and
Cultural Center
Korean Resource Center (Los Angeles)
Little Tokyo Service Center (Los Angeles)
Los Angeles County, California
National Korean American Service &
Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
Organization of Chinese Americans (OCA)
Process
proceeded with translating the glossary into
Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog,
and Vietnamese
Therefore, it is with great pleasure that the
EAC presents its 2008 Glossary of Key
Election Terminology [English/Vietnamese
and Vietnamese/English] These are neither
complete definitions and translations nor
exclusive rules of usage However, the
establishment of uniform election
terminology may prove beneficial for
ensuring access to the electoral system
regardless of a voters country of origin orplace of residence in the United States
The EAC also expects to use these
glossaries as the basis for translating the
National Mail-In Voter Registration Form
and other EAC materials into these five
Asian languages
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Relationships between the terms were
established during the translation process
and cross-references were included in theglossary for a substantial number of the
terms to assist the user in identifying similar
terms and phrases Furthermore, there were
glossary entries which were identified as
requiring an example of the term or phraseused in context, and these appear at the
end of the translation
Glossary of key election terminology 3
How to use this glossary
Pronunciation Guidefor Key Terms
ENGliSH ViETNAmESE ProNUNCiATioN
absentee bat phiu khim din few k'iem zien
accessbe factya im c th tip nhnngi khuyt tt
dia diem ko t'e chap n'an uik'uit tat
accessbe vtng statntrm b phiu c th tip nhnngi khuyt tt tram bo few cho ui k'uit tat
advanced bat l phiu cao cp la few kao kap
atenatve bat l phiu thay th la few t'ay t'e
assstance t vte tr gip b phiu tr zup bo few
aud bat l phiu bng m thanh la few ban am t'an
bat l phiu la few
bat bx thng phiu u few
bat easue d lut ghi trn l phiu zu luat gi tren la fewcanddate ng c vin u ku vien
cast yu bat b l phiu ca qu v bo la few kua qui vi
cast yu vte b l phiu ca qu v bo la few kua qui vi
chaenged bat l phiu cha hi iu kin la few chu hoi du dew kien
eay vtng b phiu sm bo few sm
eectn cuc bu c ku:k bou ku
eectn bad y ban tuyn c uy ban tuen ku
Eectn Day Ngy Bu C ei bou ku
eegency bat l phiu khn cp la few k'an kap
ptca paty chnh ng c'in zan
ptca paty affatn lin kt chnh ng lien ket chin danp bk s ca quy phiu so kua quei few
p wke nhn vin quy phiu n'an vien quei few
png pace ni b phiu noi bo few
pvsna bat l phiu c iu kin la few ko dew kien
egstatn status tnh trng ghi danh tin tran gi zan
vte c tri ku tri
vte dentfcatn nhn dng c tri n'an zan ku tri
vte egstatn appcatn n xin ghi danh b phiu don xin gi zei bo few
vtng achne my b phiu mei bo few
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The EAC is an independent, bipartisan
agency created by the Help America Vote
Act of 2002 (HAVA) It was established toassist in the administration of Federal
elections and provide assistance with the
administration of certain Federal election
laws and programs The EAC provides
assistance by dispersing, administering, and
auditing Federal funds for States to
implement HAVA requirements,
conducting studies and other activities to
promote the effective administration of
Federal elections, and serving as a national
clearinghouse and resource of informationregarding election administration In
addition, HAVA requires the EAC to
adopt the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
and to establish a program for the testing,
certification, decertification, and
recertification of voting system hardware
and software
About the EAC
4 U.S. Election Assistance Commission
The EAC welcomes and encourages
comments on this glossary and its contents;
they will greatly assist in improving theglossarys quality and usefulness Revisions
to terms and translations will be conducted
on an as-needed basis and will be made
available on the EAC website at
wwweacgov For more information about
this project or to request additional copiesof this or any other EAC publication, please
contact the EAC toll-free at 1-866-747-
1471 or via e-mail at HAVAinfo@eacgov
Comments
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Asian Pacific American Legal Center
Filipino American Service Group (FASGI)King County, Washington
Korean American Resource and CulturalCenter (Los Angeles)
Little tokyo Service Center (Los Angeles)
Los Angeles County, California
National Korean American Service &Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
Organization of Chinese Americans (OCA)
6 Bn CH Gii CC THuT nG CHnH v Tuyn C
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English to VietnameseTing Anh Ting Vit
u.S. eleCTion aSSiSTanCe CommiSSiony Ban Tr Gip Tuyn C Hoa K
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission
GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Vietnamese 10
A abandoned ballot: l phiu khng c
bu
Definition: Ballot that the voter did notplace in the ballot box or record as cast onDRE before leaving the polling place.
absent: khim din
See also: absentee voter
absentee application: n xin bphiu khim din
absentee application form: mu n xinb phiu khim din
absentee ballot: phiu khim din
See also: absentee vote
Definition: Ballot cast by a voter unable to
vote in person at his or her polling placeon Election Day.
absentee ballot request form: n yucu cung cp l phiu khim din
absentee mail process: th tc gi thca tri c tri khim din
absentee procedures: cc th tc bphiu khim din
absentee vote: phiu khim din
See also: absentee ballot
absentee voter: c tri khim din
See also: absent
absentee voter status: tnh trng ctri khim din
absentee voting by mail: b phiukhim din qua th
absolute majority: tuyt i a s
abstain: khng bu (hoc khngi bu, hoc i m khng bu -khc vi phiu trng)
acceptance of candidacy: chpnhn tranh c
See also: candidate registration,running for office, candidate
Example: Candidates file theiracceptance of candidacy at theSecretary of State's office. (V D:Ccng c vin np giy chp nhn
tranh c ti vn phng ca TngTrng Bang.)
acceptance testing: kim tra vicchp nhn
Definition: Examination of a votingsystem and its components by thepurchasing election authority(usually in a simulated-useenvironment) to validateperformance of delivered units inaccordance with procurement
requirements, and to validate thatthe delivered system is, in fact, thecertified system purchased.
access: tip cn (cho ngi khuyttt)
See also: accessibility
Access Board; access board: yBan Ph Trch Tip Cn; y ban phtrch tip cn
Definition: Independent federalagency whose primary mission isaccessibility for people withdisabilities and a leading source ofinformation on accessible design.
Access to Campaign Materials
Act: o Lut V Tip Cn Ti LiuVn ng Tranh C
accessibility: phng tin tr gipc bit (cho ngi khuyt tt)
See also: access
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission
GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Vietnamese 11
Definition: Measurable characteristics thatindicate the degree to which a system isavailable to, and usable by, individuals
with disabilities. The most commondisabilities include those associated withvision, hearing and mobility, as well ascognitive disabilities.
accessibility requirements: cc yu cuv phng tin tr gip c bit cho ngikhuyt tt
accessibility facility: a im c thtip nhn ngi khuyt tt
See also: accessible voting station
accessible voting station: trm bphiu c th tip nhn ngi khuyt tt
See also: accessibility facility
Definition: Voting station equipped forindividuals with disabilities.
accordance: chiu theo
Example: In accordance with the law (V
D: Chiu theo lut php.) accreditation: chng nhn
Definition: Formal recognition that alaboratory is competent to carry outspecific tests or calibrations.
accreditation body: t chc chng nhn
Definition: (1) Authoritative body thatperforms accreditation. (2) Anindependent organization responsible for
assessing the performance of otherorganizations against a recognizedstandard, and for formally confirming thestatus of those that meet the standard.
accuracy: s chnh xc
Definition: (1) Extent to which a givenmeasurement agrees with an acceptedstandard for that measurement. (2)Closeness of the agreement between the
result of a measurement and a truevalue of the particular quantity sub-ject to measurement. Accuracy is a
qualitative concept and is notinterchangeable with precision.Version 1.0 Volume I: VotingSystem Performance GuidelinesAppendix A: Glossary A-4
accuracy for voting systems: schnh xc cho h thng b phiu
See also: minimum standard foraccuracy of records, data accuracy,logic and accuracy (L&A) testing
Definition: Ability of the system tocapture, record, store, consolidateand report the specific selectionsand absence of selections, made bythe voter for each ballot positionwithout error. Required accuracy isdefined in terms of an error ratethat for testing purposesrepresents the maximum numberof errors allowed while processinga specified volume of data.
Accu-vote optical scan: chp qutquang in Accu-vote
See also: optical scan ballots, opticalscan system
Act of Congress: o Lut ca QucHi
See also: Federal Election CampaignAct (FECA), Help America Vote Act(HAVA)
acting: tha hnh
active candidates: cc ng c vinang tranh c
active registered voter: c tri ghi danh b phiu
active status: tnh trng ghi danhb phiu
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission
GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Vietnamese 12
address change: thay i a ch
adjudicated incompetent: phn xt mtnng lc tr tu
adjust the contrast of your ballot: iuchnh nt r ca l phiu
See also: electronic voting, electronicvoting machine
administer: iu hnh
administration: s iu hnh
administrative code: b lut hnh chnh
administrative complaint: khiu nihnh chnh
administrative rules: cc qui ch hnhchnh
See also: rule, Code of FederalRegulations
adopt: thng qua
Example: Voters adopted the proposedamendment. (V D: Cc c tri thng quabn tu chnh c ngh.)
advance(d) ballot: b phiu sm
advisory board member: thnh vin yban c vn
advisory panel: ban c vn
advocate: bin h, ng h
affidavit: bn khai c chng th
See also: sworn statement form, swornand subscribed to
affidavit for absentee ballot: bn khaituyn th dnh cho phiu khim din
affidavit of circulator: bn chng thca ngi lu hnh
affidavit of identity: bn chng th v
danh tnh
affidavit of registration: bnchng th ghi danh b phiu
affiliation: s lin kt
See also: change in politicalaffiliation, party affiliation
Example: Party affiliation is notrequired to vote in these primaryelections. (V D: Khng bt bucphi lin kt chnh ng bphiu trong cc cuc bu c s b
ny.)
affirmation: s xc nhn
affix: ng du
against: chng, i vi
See also: vote no, vote against
Example: The candidate ranagainst a strong opponent. (V D:ng c vin tranh cchng i vi
mt i th mnh.)
alderman: y vin hi ng thnhph (nam)
alderwoman: y vin hi ngthnh ph (n)
allocate: phn phi
See also: apportionment,reapportion
Example: The winner receives all ofthe Electoral College votesallocated to that state. (V D:Ngi trng c nhn c ton bs phiu bu ca i C Tri oncphn phicho tiu bang .)
alternative ballot: l phiu thay th
alternative format: dng thay thkhc
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission
GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Vietnamese 13
Example: The ballot or accompanyinginformation is said to be in an alternativeformat if it is in a representation other than
the standard ballot language and format. (VD: L phiu hoc thng tin km theo cgi l dng thay th khc nu hnh thctrnh by khng phi l ngn ng v dngthng thng ca l phiu.)
amendment in whole or in part: tuchnh ton b hoc mt phn
American Independent: c Lp HoaK
American Independent Party: ngc Lp Hoa K
American Party: ng Hoa K
Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA): o Lut Ngi M Khuyt Tt(ADA)
See also: handicapped, wheelchairaccessible, disabled voters
anonymous contributions: cc khon
ng gp khuyt danh
appeal: khng co
See also: appeals process
Example: The candidate appealed thecourt's decision upholding the electionresults. (V D: ng c vin khng coquyt nh ca ta n ng h kt qu buc.)
appeals process: th tc khng co
appellate: khng co (tnh t)
applicable: p dng (tnh t)
application: n xin
application for ballot by mail (ABBM):
n xin l phiu bu qua th (ABBM)
application form: mu n xin
appoint: b nhim
See also: appointee, appointment
Example: The President appointedthe commission's members withthe advice and consent of theSenate. (V D: Tng Thng bnhim cc thnh vin trong y bansau khi hi v c s chp thunca Thng Ngh Vin.)
appointed at large: b nhim tonkhu vc
appointed incumbent: ng kimc b nhim
appointed member: thnh vinc b nhim
appointed to serve until next
general election: c b nhimgi chc cho ti k cuc tng tuyncktip
appointee: ngi c b nhim
See also: appoint, appointment
Example: The appointee belongedto the minority party. (V D:Ngi c b nhim thuc ngthiu s.)
appointing authority: c quan bnhim
appointment: sb nhim
See also: appoint, appointee
Example: Two of the members shall beappointed for a term of two years. (VD: Hai thnh vin s c b nhim gi chc v cho nhim k hai nm.)
apportionment: s chia tngphn
See also: allocate, reapportion
Example: Apportionment is the
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process of dividing the seats in the U.S.House of Representatives among the 50states. (V D:Schia tng phn l qutrnh phn chia s ghtrong H Ngh VinHoa K cho 50 tiu bang.)
appropriate: phn b (ng t)
See also: appropriation
Example (v.): Congress appropriatedfunds in the amount of 3 million dollars forthe effort. (V D (v.): Quc hi phnb ngn qu 3 triu -la cho hot ng.)
appropriation: s phn b
See also: appropriate
Example: Congress approved theappropriation of funds in the amount of 3million dollars for the effort. (V D: Quchi chp thun vic phn b ngn qu3 triu -la cho hot ng .)
approve: chp thun, ph chun
article: iu khon
as amended: nh c tu chnh
See also: charter amendment,constitutional amendment
Example: The act, as amended, expiresnext year. (V D: o lut, nh c tuchnh, ht hn vo nm sau.)
as set forth: nh c qui nh
as set out: nh c cp
ask for and receive instructions onhow to operate the voting machine or
mark a paper ballot: yu cu v nhnc hng dn v cch s dng my bphiu hoc in l phiu giy
See also: assistance to vote, instructionson how to use the voting machine
assembly: hi ng lp php
assembly bill: d lut ca nghvin
assembly district: a ht nghvin
assembly member: y vin hing lp php
assemblyman: y vin hi nglp php (nam)
See also: assembly member
assemblyperson: y vin hi
ng lp phpSee also: assembly member
assemblywoman: y vin hing lp php ( n)
See also: assembly member
assessor: vin chc gim nhthu
assistance: tr gip
Assistance to vote: tr gip bphiu
See also: instructions on how touse the voting machine, ask forand receive instructions on how tooperate the voting machine ormark a paper ballot
assistant attorney general: pht tng chng l
assistant of voters: ngi trgip c tri
assistant superintendent: tr lthanh tra
assistant United States
attorney: ph t lut s Hoa K
at large: ton khu vc
attest: chng thc
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attorney general: tng chng l
audio ballot: l phiu bng m thanh
Definition: A ballot in which a set ofoffices is presented to the voter in spoken,rather than written form.
audio function with headset and
earphones: chc nng m thanh c btai nghe
audio-tactile interface (ATI): giao dinATI
Definition: Voter interface designed to notrequire visual reading of a ballot. Audio isused to convey information to the voterand sensitive tactile controls allow thevoter to communicate ballot selections tothe voting system.
audit: thanh tra, kim ton
Definition: Systematic, independent,documented process for obtaining records,statements of fact or other relevantinformation and assessing them
objectively to determine the extent towhich specified requirements are fulfilled.
audit capacity: kh nng thanh tra
audit process: th tc thanh tra
See also: audit, auditor, audit trail
audit trail: qui trnh thanh tra
See also: audit, auditor, audit trail
audit trail for direct-recording
equipment: qui trnh thanh tra cho myghi trc tip
Definition: Paper printout of votes cast,produced by direct-recording electronic(DRE) voting machines, which electionofficials may use to cross-checkelectronically tabulated totals.
auditor: thanh tra vin, kim ton vin
See also: audit, auditor, audit trail
auditor-controller: thanh tra-
qun l vin, gim c ti chnh
authority: thm quyn
authorization: cho php, s chophp
authorize: cho php (ng t)
authorized by law: c lutphp cho php
authorized poll agent: i dinquy phiu c y quyn
AutoMARK voting machine: myb phiu AutoMARK
availability: s dng c
Definition: The percentage of timeduring which a system is operatingproperly and available for use.
B ballot: l phiu
See also: audio ballot, ballot image,video ballot, electronic voter interface.
Definition: The official presentation ofall of the contests to be decided in aparticular election. Version 1.0 VolumeI: Voting System PerformanceGuidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-5
ballot access: tip cn l phiu
Example: Ballot access refers to theprocess by which candidates andpolitical parties qualify for the primaryand general election ballots. (V D:Tip cn l phiu l ni ti th tctrong ng c vin v cc chnh
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ng hi iu kin nhn cc l phiutuyn c s b v l phiu tng tuyn c.)
ballot board: hi ng vit l phiu
ballot box: thng phiu
ballot card: th l phiu
ballot cast: b phiu
ballot configuration: hnh thc l phiu
Definition: Particular set of contests toappear on the ballot for a particular
election district, their order, the list ofballot positions for each contest, and thebinding of candidate names to ballotpositions.
ballot counter: my m l phiu
Definition: Process in a voting device thatcounts the votes cast in an election.
ballot counting logic: nguyn l m lphiu
Definition: The software logic that definesthe combinations of voter choices that arevalid and invalid on a given ballot and thatdetermines how the vote choices aretotaled in a given election.
ballot demonstration station: trmhng n b phiu
ballot envelope: phong b ng l phiu
ballot format: dng l phiu
Definition: The concrete presentation ofthe contents of a ballot appropriate to theparticular voting technology being used.The contents may be rendered usingvarious methods of presentation (visual oraudio), language or graphics.
ballot image: hnh nh l phiu
See also: cast vote record
Definition: Electronically produced record
of all votes cast by a single voter.
Example: A ballot image is a record
of all votes cast by a single voter.(V D: Hnh nh l phiu l h sghi li tt c cc la chn b phiuca mt c tri.)
ballot instructions: cc hngdn l phiu
Definition: Information provided tothe voter during the voting sessionthat describes the procedure forexecuting a ballot. Such material
may (but need not) appear directlyon the ballot.
ballot issuing station: trm cppht l phiu
ballot label: nhn l phiu
ballot layout: dng trnh by ca lphiu
ballot marking device: thit bin vo phiu
ballot measure: d lut ghi trn lphiu
See also: measure, initiative,referendum
Definition: (1) A question that appearson the ballot for approval or rejection.(2) A contest on a ballot where thevoter may vote yes or no.
Example: A ballot measure is a policyquestion voted on by voters in anelection. (V D: D lut l phiu lmt cu hi v chnh sch c cc ctri trong mt cucbu c b phiuquyt nh.)
ballot order: th t l phiu
ballot pamphlet: t thng tin v lphiu
ballot pickup: ti ly l phiu
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ballot position: v tr trn l phiu
Definition: A specific place in a ballot
where a voter's selection for a particularcontest may be indicated. Positions maybe connected to row and column numberson the face of a voting machine or ballot,particular bit positions in a binary recordof a ballot (for example, an electronicballot image), the equivalent in someother form. Ballot positions are bound tospecific contests and candidate names bythe ballot configuration.
ballot preparation: chun b l phiu
Definition: Selecting the specific contestsand questions to be contained in a ballotformat and related instructions; preparingand testing election-specific softwarecontaining these selections; producing allpossible ballot formats; and validating thecorrectness of ballot materials andsoftware containing these selections for anupcoming election.
ballot production: sn xut phiu
Definition: Process of generating ballotsfor presentation to voters, e.g., printingpaper ballots or configuring the ballotpresentation on a DRE.
ballot question: thc mc v l phiu
ballot rotation: thay i th t ghi tncc ng vin trn l phiu
Definition: Process of varying the order ofthe candidate names within a givencontest.
ballot scanner: my chp qut l phiu
Definition: Device used to read the voterselection data from a paper ballot or ballotcard.
ballot stub: cun phiu
ballot style: kiu dng l phiu
See also: ballot configuration
Example: The ballot style you receivewill be determined by your place ofresidence. (V D: Dng l phiu mqu v nhn c s ty thuc vo nic ng ca qu v.)
ballot summary: phn tm lcca l phiu
ballot title: tiu ca l phiu
ballot types: cc dng l phiu
becoming a candidate for publicoffice: tr thnh ng c vin tranh
ccho chc v trong chnh quyn begin voting: bt u b phiu
bicameral: lng vin
biennial: hai nm mt ln
biennium: thi gian hai nm
bill: d lut
Bill of Rights: Bn Tuyn B v
Cc Quyn
bilingual requirements: cc quinh song ng
bipartisan: hai chnh ng, lngng
bipartisanship: t cch hai chnhng, tcch lng ng
birthdate: ngy thng nm sinh
blank: b trng
blank space: trng
blind: m
See also: disabled, persons withdisabilities, Braille voting instructions
board: y ban, ban, hi ng
board member: thnh vin y ban
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board of canvassers: hi ng kimphiu
board of commissioners: hi ng yvin
board of directors: ban gim c
board of education: hi ng gio dc
board of elections: y ban ph trch cccuc tuyn c
board of registrars: y ban ghi danh choc tri
bona fide: xc thc, khng gian ln
bond: tri phiu
bond issue: vn tri phiu
bond proposition: k hoch ngh vtri phiu
bond referendum: cuc trng cu dn v tri phiu
booth: quy b phiu
borough: khu
borough council: hi ng khu
boundary line: ng ranh gii
Braille voting instructions: hng dnb phiu bng ch ni Braille
bring identification: mang theo giy tnhn dng
butterfly ballot: l phiu dng bm, lphiu bt cho
See also: ballot types
by hand: bng tay
by mail: qua th
by ordinance: theo sc lnh
C call an election: yu cu t chc
bu c
calling special elections: yu cut chc cc cuc bu c c bit
campaign: chin dch vn ng
(danh t), vn ng tranh c (ngt)
See also: running for office,candidate
campaign contributions: cckhon ng gp cho chin dch vnng tranh c
campaign disclosure: cng b vvn ng tranh c
campaign expense report: boco chi ph ca vn ng tranh c
campaign finance: ti chnh chovn ng tranh c (danh t), titr vn ng tranh c (ng t)
campaign finance disclosure:cng b v vic ti tr cho vnng tranh c
campaign finance disclosurestatements: cc bn cng b vti tr cho vn ng tranh c
campaign finance laws: cc iulut v ti tr vn ng tranh c
campaign finance report: boco v ti tr vn ng tranh c
campaign finance reportingrequirements: cc qui nh v boco ti tr vn ng tranh c
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campaign financing: ti tr cho vnng tranh c
campaign materials: ti liu vn ngtranh c
campaign signs: cc bng hiu vnng tranh c
campaign spending: chi ph cho vnng tranh c
cancel: hy b
cancellation: s hy b
See also: cancellation notices, cancellationof registration
cancellation of registration: hy bvic ghi danh
candidacy: t cch ng cvin
candidate: ng c vin
See also: candidate registration, runningfor office, acceptance of candidacy
Definition: Person contending in a contestfor office. A candidate may be explicitlypresented as one of the choices on theballot or may be a write-in candidate.
candidate committee: y ban ng cvin
candidate nomination procedures: ccth tc c
candidate petitions: th kin ngh cang c vin
candidate registration: ghi danh chong c vin
See also: running for office, candidate,acceptance of candidacy
candidate roster: danh sch ng cvin
candidate statement: bn xc nhn
ca ng c vin
candidate withdrawal periods:
cc giai on rt n xin tranh c
candidates list: danh sch ccng cvin
candidate's profile: h s s lcv ng c vin
canvass: kim phiu
Definition: Compilation of electionreturns and validation of the
outcome that forms the basis ofthe official results by politicalsubdivision.
canvass: kim phiu; xin phiu
Definition: Solicit votes
canvass report: bo co kimphiu
canvassing board: y ban/hing kim phiu
carry an election: t chc mtcuc bu c, trng c, c c
cast: b phiu
See also: vote
cast ballot: l phiu c bu(danh t), b phiu, bu phiu(ng t)
See also: ballot
Definition: Ballot that has beendeposited by the voter in the ballotbox or electronically submitted fortabulation.
cast vote record: h s b phiu
Definition: Permanent record of allvotes produced by a single voterwhether in electronic, paper or otherform. Also referred to as ballot image
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when used to refer to electronic ballots.
cast your ballot: b phiu ca qu v
See also: cast your vote
cast your vote: b phiu ca qu v
casting a vote: b phiu
See also: cast your ballot
catastrophic system failure: h thngngng hon ton
Definition: Total loss of function orfunctions, such as the loss orunrecoverable corruption of voting data orthe failure of an on board battery ofvolatile memory.
categories: cc hng mc
caucus: cuc hp kn ca ban lnh omt t chc
caucus election: cuc bu c kn ni b
caucus system: h thng ni b, hthng chn i biu ni b
central absentee precinct: khu vckim phiu khim din trung ng
Definition: A central absentee precinct(CAP) is a precinct established in thecourthouse or other public building in acounty or city for the receiving, countingand recording of absentee ballots cast inthe county or city.
central count: trm kim phiu trungng
central count process: th tc kimphiu trung ng, th tc kim phiuchnh
central count voting system: h thngkim phiu trung ng
Definition: A voting system that tabulatesballots from multiple precincts at a central
location. Voted ballots are placed intosecure storage at the polling place.Stored ballots are transported or
transmitted to a central counting placewhich produces the vote count report.
central counting station: trmkim phiu trung ng
central voter register list: danhsch ghi danh c tri trungng/chnh
centralized voter registrationdatabase (CVR): c s d liu ghi
danh c tri c gp chung (CVR) certificate: chng nhn, giy chng
nhn
certificate of circulator: chngnhn ca nhn vin lu hnh
certificate of election: chng chbu c, giy chng nhn bu c
certificate of error: chng ch saist, giy chng nhn sai st
certificate of nomination: chngch c, giy chng nhn c
certificate of nominee: giy chngnhn ca ngi c c
certificate of permanent disability:
giy chng nhn tnh trng khuyt ttvnh vin
certificate of registration: giy
chng nhn ghi danh certificate of restoration: giy
chng nhn phc hi
certification: schng nhn
See also: state certification, nationalcertification testing
Definition: Procedure by which a thirdparty gives written assurance that aproduct, process or service conforms
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to specified requirements.
certification of election: chng nhnbu c
certification of official election
results: chng nhn chnh thc v ktqu bu c
certification of signatures: chngnhn ch k
certification requirements: cc qui nhv schng nhn
certification testing: kim tra chngnhn
See also: conformance testing
Definition: Testing performed under eithernational or state certification processes toverify voting system conformance torequirements.
Example: This voting system has gonethrough the required state certificationtesting for use in this election. (V D: H
thng b phiu ny qua th tc kimtra chng nhn bt buc ca tiu bang c s dng trong cuc bu c ny.)
certified election results: kt qu buc c chng nhn
certify: chng nhn
chad: cc mu giy c l
See also: paper ballot, hanging chads
Definition: A small piece of waste paperproduced by punching a hole in punchedcard or tape.
Example: The chad was not completelyseparated from the ballot. (V D: Minggiy clkhng hon ton tch khi lphiu.)
chairman: ch tch
chairwoman: n ch tch
challenge: kh khn, phn ii,thch thc
challenged ballot: l phiu khngc tha nhn
See also: provisional ballot
Definition: Ballot provided toindividuals who claim they areregistered and eligible to vote butwhose eligibility or registration statuscannot be confirmed when theypresent themselves to vote. Oncevoted , such ballots must be kept
separate from other ballots and arenot included in the tabulation untilafter the voters eligibility isconfirmed. Michigan is an exception inthat they determine voter eligibilitybefore a ballot is issued.
Example: The voter was provided achallenged ballot since his eligibility tovote could not be determined. (V D:C tri c nhn mt l phiu khngtha nhn" v khng th xc nhnc t cch b phiu ca c tri .)
challenged voter: c tri khngc tha nhn
challenger: ngi phn i, khngtha nhn
change in political affiliation:thay i s lin kt chnh tr
See also: affiliation, party affiliation
change of address: thay i a ch
change of name: thay i tn
change of party: thay i chnh ng
changes in election procedures:thay i v cc th tc bu c
changes in voting laws: thay i vlut bu c
charter: hin chng
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charter amendment: tu chnh hinchng
See also: as amended, constitutionalamendment
charter commission: y ban lp hinchng
charter commissioner: y vin vhin chng
charter member: thnh vin sng lp
charter president: ch tch sng lp
charter reform: ci t phn hiu
charter school: trng t
check: nh du
check the box: nh du vo
checkmark: du kim
chief election officer: trng ban tuync
chief inspector: thanh tra trng
chief justice: thm phn trng
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court:
Thm Phn Trng ca Ti Cao Php Vin
chief of police: cnh st trng
chief state election officer: trng bantuyn c ca tiu bang
choice: la chn
choose: la chn ( ng t)
circuit court of appeals: ta khngco lu ng
circulate: lu hnh
circulation: s lu hnh
circulator: ngi lu hnh
citizen: cng dn
citizen initiatives: cc d lut cngdn
citizen-sponsored: do c dn ti tr,do c dn bo tr
city auditor: thanh tra vin thnhph, kim ton vin thnh ph
city bonds: tri phiu thnh ph
city charter: hin chng thnh ph
city clerk: th k thnh ph city commissioner: y vin hi ng
thnh ph
city controller: gim c ti chnhthnh ph
city council: hi ng thnh ph
city council member: thnh vin hing thnh ph
city councilman: nam y vin hing thnh ph
city councilperson: y vin hi ngthnh ph
city councilwoman: n y vin hing thnh ph
city election code: b lut tuyn cthnh ph
city elections: cc cuc bu c cathnh ph
city general municipal election:cuc tng tuyn c thnh ph
city government: chnh quyn thnhph
city ordinance: sc lnh thnh ph
city special municipal election:
cuc bu c c bit ca thnh ph
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city treasurer: th qu thnh ph
civic duty: ngha v cng dn
civic responsibility: trch nhim cngdn
Civil Rights Division, U.S.
Department of Justice: Ban DnQuyn, B T Php Hoa K
civil rights: dn quyn
Civil Rights Act of 1964: o Lut vQuyn Cng Dn ban hnh nm 1964
claim: khiu ni, i yu sch
claim board: y ban khiu ni
claim of conformance: xc nhn v tnhtrng tun th
Definition: Statement by a vendordeclaring that a specific product conformsto a particular standard or set of standardprofiles; for voting systems, NASEDqualification or EAC certification provides
independent verification of a claim.
claimant: ngi i yu sch, ngixc nhn, nguyn n
clerk: th k
clerk of absentee voting: th k phtrch b phiu khim din
See also: clerk
clerk of courts: th k ta
See also: clerk
clerk of the Supreme Court: th kca Ti Cao Php Vin
See also: clerk
click here: bm vo y
close of registration: kt thc ghi danh
closed primary: k bu c s b kn
Definition: Primary election in which
voters receive a ballot listing onlythose candidates running for office inthe political party with which thevoters are affiliated. In some states,non-partisan contests and ballot issuesmay be included. In some cases,political parties may allow unaffiliatedvoters to vote in their partys primary.
code: b lut
code of conduct: ni qui v hnh
kim o c code of conduct of elected
officials: ni qui v hnh kim oc ca cc vin chc dn c
Code of Federal Regulations: BLut Cc Qui Ch Lin Bang
collect: truy thu
collector: nhn vin truy thu
column: ct
commercial off-the-shelf (COTS):
thit b in ton COTS
Definition: Commercial, readilyavailable hardware devices (such ascard readers, printers or personalcomputers) or software products (suchas operating systems, programminglanguage compilers, or databasemanagement systems).
commission: y ban
commissioner: y vin
committee: y ban
committee member: thnh vin yban
See also: committee
committeeman: y vin nam
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See also: committee
committeewoman: y vin n
See also: committee
Common Industry Format (CIF):Dng Cng Nghip Thng Dng (CIF)
Definition: Refers to the format describedin ANSI/INCITS 354-2001 "CommonIndustry Format (CIF) for Usability TestReports.
Communist Party: ng Cng Sn
complete: hon tt, y
Example: 1. complete a voter registrationform; 2. after you have completedvoting...; 3. the complete instructions onhow to vote are available... (V D: 1.hon tt n ghi danh b phiu; 2. sau khi hon tt b phiu...; 3. c hng dny v cch thc b phiu...)
compliance: s tun hnh
comply with: tun theo
component: thnh phn
See also: voting system
Definition: Element within a largersystem; a component can be hardware orsoftware. For hardware, it is a physicalpart of a subsystem that can be used tocompose larger systems (e.g., circuitboards, internal modems, processors,computer memory). For software, it is amodule of executable code that performsa well-defined function and interacts withother components.
Example: Voting systems are made up ofmultiple components. (V D: Cc hthng b phiu bao gm nhiu thnhphn.)
comptroller: gim c qun l ti chnh
compulsory: bt buc
computer judge: trng ti ph trchmy in ton
concerned citizen: cng dn c quantm
conduct an election: thc hin mtcuc bu c
configuration management: qun lthng s thit lp
Definition: Discipline applying technicaland administrative direction andsurveillance to identify and document
functional and physical characteristicsof a configuration item, controlchanges to these characteristics,record and report change processingand implementation status, and verifycompliance with specifiedrequirements.
configuration management plan:
chng trnh qun l thng s thit lp
Definition: Document detailing theprocess for identifying, controlling and
managing various released items (suchas code, hardware and documentation).
configuration status accounting:
danh sch v tnh trng thit lp
Definition: An element of configurationmanagement, consisting of therecording and reporting of informationneeded to manage a configurationeffectively. This includes a listing ofthe approved configurationidentification, the status of proposedchanges to the configuration, and theimplementation status of approvedchanges.
confirm: xc nhn
confirmation: s xc nhn
confirmation mailing: gi th xcnhn
See also: confirmation
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confirmation notice: thng bo xcnhn
See also: confirmation
conflict between measures: mu thungia cc d lut
conformance: ph hp vi qui nh
Definition: Fulfillment of specifiedrequirements by a product, process orservice.
conformance testing: kim tra tnh
trng ph hp vi qui nhSee also: certification testing
Definition: Process of testing animplementation against the requirementsspecified in one or more standards. Theoutcomes of a conformance test aregenerally a pass or fail result, possiblyincluding reports of problems encounteredduring the execution. Also known ascertification testing.
Example: The voting system was certifiedfor use after it successfully completedconformance testing. (V D: H thng bphiu c chng nhn cho s dng saukhi hon tt thnh cng th tc kimtra tnh trng ph hp vi qui nh.)
Congress: Quc Hi
Congressional: thuc quc hi (tnh t)
See also: congress
congressional district: khu vc quc hi
See also: congress
congressional election: cuc bu cca quc hi
See also: congress
congressman: ngh s, dn biu
See also: congress
congresswoman: ngh s/dn biu
See also:congress
connect the arrow: ni mi tn
consent decree: ngh nh ngthun
conservative: bo th
consolidated election: cuc bu ckt hp
consolidated primaries: cc cuc
bu c s b kt hp constable: cnh st
constituency: cc c tri
See also: house of representatives,representation system
Example: Candidates depend on thesupport of their constituency to winelections. (V D: Ccng c vin cns ng h ca cc c tri thng c.)
constituent: c tri bu c
constitution: hin php
Constitution Party: ng Lp Hin
constitutional: hin php (tnh t)
constitutional amendment: tu chnhhin php
See also: as amended, charteramendment
constitutional resolutions: cc nghquyt v hin php
See also: constitution
constitutional rights: quyn hinphp
See also: constitution
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contest: tranh c, tranh ot
Definition: Decision to be made within anelection, which may be a contest for office
or a referendum, proposition and/orquestion. A single ballot may contain oneor more contests.
contested races: cc vng tranh c
contests of candidacy: cc vng tranhc ca ng c vin
contests of election: cc vng tranh cca cuc bu c
continue voting: tip tc b phiu continue voting on next page: tip tc
b phiu trang sau
contribution: ng gp
contribution limit: cc gii hn nggp
contributions and expenses reports:cc khon ng gp v bo co v chi tiu
contributions and spending limits:cc khon ng gp v gii hn chi tiu
controller: gim c qun l ti chnh
controller general: tng gim c qunl ti chnh
convene: triu tp
convention: hi ngh
coroner: bc sgio nghim
correct: ng
correct mark: nh du ng
corrective action: bin php khc phc
Definition: Action taken to eliminatethe causes of an existing deficiency orother undesirable situation in order toprevent recurrence.
council: hi ng
council action: bin php thi hnhca hi ng
See also: council
council approval: s chp thun cahi ng
See also: council
council district: hi ng thnh phqun, hi ng a ht
See also: council
council member: thnh vin hi ng
See also: council
council seats: ghtrong hi ng
See also: council
councilman: y vin hi ng, nam
See also: council
councilperson: y vin hi ng
See also: council
councilwoman: y vin hi ng, n
See also: council
count: m, tnh
See also: tabulation
Definition: Process of totaling votes.Version 1.0 Volume I: Voting SystemPerformance Guidelines Appendix A:Glossary A-8
counted ballot: l phiu c tnh
Definition: Ballot that has beenprocessed and whose votes areincluded in the candidates andmeasures vote totals.
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county: qun
county assessor: gim nh vin qun
county attorney: lut s qun
county auditor: thanh tra vin ca qun,kim ton vin ca qun
county board of supervisors: hi nggim st qun
county board of election: y ban/hing tuyn c qun
county clerk: th k qun
county commission: y ban qun
county commissioner: y vin qun
county committee: y ban qun
county coroner: bc s gio nghim caqun
county council: hi ng qun
county district: khu vc qun
county election commission: yban tuyn c ca qun
county election officer: vin chctuyn c ca qun
county election precinct: phn khu buc ca qun
county elections officials: cc vinchc tuyn c ca qun
county government: chnh quyn qun
county measure: d lut ca qun
county of residence: qun ni c ng
county office: vn phng qun
county seat: gh/chn trong qun
county special district: c khu ca qun
county superintendent of schools:gim th hc khu ca qun
county supervisor: gim st vin
qun
county tax assessor: gim nh vinthuca qun
county tax collector: vin chc thuthu ca qun
county water commissioner: yvin ph trch ty thy cc ca qun
county water district: ty thy cc
ca qun court: ta n
court-approved: c ta n chpthun
court judge: thm phn ta n
court of appeal: ta khng co
court of justice: ta n php l
courthouse: tr s ta n
courts competency order: lnh tacho rng mt ngi c nng lc tr tu ra hu to
cross-filing: xc nhn/tn thnh giacc bn
Definition: Endorsement of a singlecandidate or slate of candidates bymore than one political party. Thecandidate or slate appears on theballot representing each endorsingpolitical party. Also referred to ascross-party endorsement.
crossover voting: b phiu cho ngkhng thuc ng mnh
cryptographic key: kha mt m
Definition: Value used to controlcryptographic operations, such as
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decryption, encryption, signaturegeneration or signature verification.
cryptography: mt m
See also: decryption, encryption
Definition: Discipline that embodies theprinciples, means, and methods for thetransformation of data in order to hidetheir semantic content, prevent theirunauthorized use, prevent theirundetected modification and establishtheir authenticity.
Example: The use of cryptography is
necessary to protect the election's datafrom unauthorized use or sabotage. (VD: Vic s dng h thng kha m l cnthit bo v d liu ca cuc bu ctrnh cc trng hp ph hoi hoc sdng tri php.)
curbside voting: b phiu ni gn/thuntin nht
current: hin ti
current law: lut hin hnh
current resident address: a ch ctr hin ti
D data accuracy: mc chnh xc ca
d liu
See also: minimum standard for accuracyof records, accuracy for voting systems,logic and accuracy (L&A) testing
Definition: minimum standard for accuracyof records, accuracy for voting systems,logic and accuracy (L&A) testing
data integrity: s ton vn ca dliu
Definition: Invulnerability of the
system to accidental intervention ordeliberate, fraudulent manipulationthat would result in errors in theprocessing of data. It is distinguishedfrom data accuracy that encompassesinternal, system-generated errors.
data security: bo m d liu
deadline: thi hn, hn cht
deadline for voting: hn cht b
phiu deceased candidate: ng c vin
qua i
decertification: thu hi s chngnhn
See also: certification testing,certification requirements, votingsystem certification
Definition: Revocation of national or
state certification of voting systemhardware and software.
Example: Process for decertification ofa voting system. (V D: Th tc thuhi s chng nhn cho mt h thngb phiu.)
declaration of assistance to vote:tuyn b v tr gip b phiu
declaration of candidacy: tuyn btranh c
declaration of intent: tuyn b v nh
declaration of intent to solicit andreceive contributions: tuyn b v nh xin v tip nhn cc khon tinng gp
declaration of intention: tuyn b nh
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declaration of intention to run foroffice: tuyn b v nh tranh c
decline to: t chi
decryption: gii m
Definition: Process of changing encryptedtext into plain text.
defeat: thua
defective ballot: l phiu b li
delegate: i biu
See also:
representative, representationsystem, elected officials
Example: The delegates to the nationalconvention. (V D: Cc i biu d hingh quc gia.)
delegation: on i biu
delete: xa
democracy: dn ch
Democrat: Dn Ch, ng vin ng dnch
Democratic Party: ng Dn Ch democratic process: tin trnh dn ch
See also: democracy
democratic reforms: cc ci t vdn ch
See also: democracy
Department of State: B Ngoi Giao
Department of Transportation: B VnChuyn
deputy: ph, ph t
deputy attorney general: ph chng l
deputy mayor: ph t th trng
description of state ballotmeasures: phn trnh by v cc dlut l phiu ca tiu bang
designate (verb): ch nh, b nhim(ng t)
designate (adj): ch nh, b nhim(tnh t)
Example: The governor designate. (VD: Thng c b nhim, Thng cc ch nh.)
designation: s ch nh
detach: tch ri
detach here: tch ri y
device: my mc, thit b
Definition: Functional unit thatperforms its assigned tasks as anintegrated whole.
digital paper ballot system: hthng b l phiu giy bng k thut
s
digital signature: ch k in t
Definition: An asymmetric key operationwhere the private key is used to digitallysign an electronic document and thepublic key is used to verify thesignature. Digital signatures providedata authentication and integrityprotection.
direct democracy: dn ch trc tip
direct primary: cuc bu c s btrc tip
direct recording: ghi trc tip
direct recording electronic (DRE):ghi trc tip qua mng in t (DRE)
direct recording electronic (DRE)voting system: h thng b phiuin t ghi trc tip (DRE)
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Definition: An electronic voting systemthat utilizes electronic components for thefunctions of ballot presentation, votecapture, vote recording, and tabulation
which are logically and physicallyintegrated into a single unit. A DREproduces a tabulation of the voting datastored in a removable memory componentand in printed hardcopy. Version 1.0Volume I: Voting System PerformanceGuidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-9
direct recording equipment: my ghitrc tip
direct response electronic voting
machines: cc my b phiu in tphn hi trc tip
directly verifiable: directly verifiable
Definition: Voting system feature thatallows the voter to verify at least onerepresentation of his or her ballot withhis/her own senses, not using anysoftware or hardware intermediary.Examples include a Marksense paperballot and a DRE with a voter verifiablepaper record feature.
director: gim c
disability: tnh trng khuyt tt
Definition: With respect to an individual:(1) a physical or mental impairment thatsubstantially limits one or more of themajor life activities of such individual; (2)a record of such an impairment; (3) beingregarded as having such an impairment(definition from the Americans withDisabilities Act).
disabled: b khuyt tt
disabled voters: cc c tri khuyt tt
See also: voters with disabilities,Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA),handicapped, wheelchair accessible
disclosure: tit l, cng b
discrimination: phn bit i x, kth
See also: Civil Rights Act of 1964
displaced voters: cc c tri sai aim
display: hin th, trng by
disqualification: khng hi iukin
disqualify: khng hi iu kin, bloi v khng hi iu kin
disqualifying: khng hi iu kin distribution of contributions: phn
b cc khon tin ng gp
district: qun, ht
district assembly: hi ng qun ht
district attorney: cng t vin, binl
district bonds: cng kh phiu qun
ht
district committee: y ban qun ht
district judge: thm phn qun ht
district lines: cc ng ranh gii caqun ht
district manager: qun l vin caqun ht
district map: s ca qun ht
district no. #: qun ht s #
district office: vn phng qun ht
district special bond election: cucbu c c bit v cng kh phiu caqun ht
district superintendent: gim th aht
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division: phn ban
division of motor vehicles: ban l vn
do not vote on this page: khng bphiu trong trang ny
dotted line: cc ng chm
double-check: kim tra hai ln
double voting: b phiu hai ln
download the form: ti xung mu in
downloadable forms: cc mu in c
th ti xung driver's license: bng li xe
drop-down menu: bng chn th xung
due: ti hn
due date: ngy ht hn, ngy o hn
duplicate ballot: l phiu trng lp
duplicate records: h s trng lp
duplicate registrations: cc trng hpghi danh trng lp
duty station: trm trc
dynamic voting system software: phnmm h thng b phiu linh hot
See also: voting system software
Definition: Software that changes overtime once it is installed on the votingequipment.
E early voting: b phiu sm
Definition: Broadly, voting conductedbefore election day where the votercompletes the ballot in person at acounty office or other designated
polling place or ballot drop site prior toelection day.
early voting ballot board: y banc trch v vic b phiu sm
See also: early voting
early voting by touch screen: bphiu trc ngy bu c bng mnhnh chm
See also: early voting
early voting clerk: th k ph trchvic b phiu sm
See also: early voting
early voting touch-screen sites: cca im b phiu trc ngy bu cbng mn hnh chm
See also: early voting
elderly voters: cc c tri cao nin
elect: bu chn
elected: c bu chn
elected member: thnh vin cbu chn
elected officials campaign
activity: hot ng tranh c ca vinchc dn c
elected officials: cc vin chc dnc
elected to fill unexpired term: cbu chn gi nhim k cha hthn
election: cuc bu c
Definition: A formal process ofselecting a person for public office or
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of accepting or rejecting a politicalproposition by voting.
election administration process: thtc iu hnh cuc bu c
election assessment: nh gi cuc buc, gim nh cuc bu c
election authority: nh chc trch buc
election ballot: l phiu tuyn c
election board: y ban tuyn c
See also: board
election calendar: lch trnh bu c
election campaign: vn ng bu c
election clerk: th k ph trch tuyn c
election code: b lut bu c
election commission: y ban bu c
election contest: vng tranh c trong
cuc bu c
election contribution: s ng gp chocuc bu c
election databases: cc c s d liuca cuc bu c
Definition: Data file or set of files thatcontain geographic information aboutpolitical subdivisions and boundaries, allcontests and questions to be included inan election, and the candidates for eachcontest.
Election Day; election day: NgyBu C; ngy bu c
election definition: nh ngha vcuc bu c
Definition: Definition of the contests andquestions that will appear on the ballot fora specific election.
election district: qun ht bu c
Definition: Contiguous geographic arearepresented by a public official who is
elected by voters residing within thedistrict boundaries. The district maycover an entire state or politicalsubdivision, may be a portion of thestate or political subdivision, or mayinclude portions of more than onepolitical subdivision.
election division: ban tuyn c
election equipment: dng c dng bu c
election form: dng/n bu c
election fraud: gian ln bu c
election inspector: thanh tra vinbu c
election judge: trng ban bu c
election kit: b h s bu c
election law: lut bu c
election management system: hthng qun l bu c
Definition: Set of processing functionsand databases within a voting systemthat defines, develops and maintainselection databases, performs electiondefinitions and setup functions, formatballots, count votes, consolidates andreport results, and maintains audittrails. Version 1.0 Volume I: VotingSystem Performance GuidelinesAppendix A: Glossary A-10
election materials: cc ti liu buc
election night tabulation: kimphiu vo bui ti cho cuc bu c
See also: election results, results
election officer: vin chc ph trch
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bu c
election officials: cc vin chc lo vbu c
Definition: The people associated withadministering and conducting elections,including government personnel and pollworkers.
election officials training: hun luynca cc vin chc bu c
election order: lnh bu c
election precinct: khu bu c
election precinct officer: vin chc phtrch phn khu bu c
election programming: lp trnh bu c
Definition: Process by which electionofficials or their designees use votingsystem software to logically define theballot for a specific election.
election results: kt qu bu c
election returns: s phiu bu
election seals: cc con du ca cuc buc
election system: h thng bu c
electioneer: ngi vn ng bu c
elections administrator: qun tr vinph trch tuyn c
elections by mail: cc cuc bu c quath
election process: th tc bu c
See also: election system
election registrar: nhn vin ghidanh c tri
election supervisor: gim st vinph trch tuyn c
elective office: chc tuyn c
elector: i biu c tri, c tri
elector candidates: cc ng c vinca i biu c tri
electoral board: y ban tuyn c
Electoral College: i C Tri on
See also: electoral process
Example: A presidential candidatemust receive a majority of 270Electoral College votes to win the
election. (V D: ng c vin tngthng phi nhn c a s phiutrong s 270 phiu bu i C Trion thng c.)
electoral cycle: chu k tuyn c
electoral fraud statutes: cc olut v gian ln trong bu c
electoral process: tin trnh bu c
See also: Electoral College
electoral votes: cc l phiu bu c
electorate: ton b c tri, khu bu c
electro-mechanical voting system:
h thng b phiu bng my in t
electronic cast vote record: h sphiu bu in t
Definition: An electronic version of thecast vote record.
electronic poll book: s ghi chpbng in tca quy phiu
See also: poll book, poll book station
electronic record: h s in t
electronic reporting and trackingsystem (ERTS): h thng theo di vbo co in t (ERTS)
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electronic storage: lu tr trn mngin t, lu tr in t
electronic voter interface: giao dintip xc vi c tri qua mng in t
Definition: Subsystem within a votingsystem which communicates ballotinformation to a voter in video, audio orother alternative format which allows thevoter to select candidates and issues bymeans of vocalization or physical actions.
electronic voter verification: xc minhc tri qua mng in t
electronic voting: b phiu qua mngin t
See also: adjust the contrast of yourballot, electronic voting machine
electronic voting counter: chng trnhm l phiu in t
electronic voting machine: my bphiu in t
See also: voting equipment, voting
system, adjust the contrast of your ballot,electronic voting
Definition: Any system that utilizes anelectronic component. Term is generallyused to refer to DREs.
electronic voting system: h thng bphiu in t
Definition: An electronic voting system isone or more integrated devices that utilizean electronic component for one or more ofthe following functions: ballot presentation,vote capture, vote recording, andtabulation. A DRE is a functionally andphysically integrated electronic votingsystem which provides all four functionselectronically in a single device. An opticalscan (also known as Marksense) systemwhere the voter marks a paper ballot with amarking instrument and then deposits theballot in a tabulation device is partiallyelectronic in that the paper ballot provides
the presentation, vote capture and voterecording functions. An optical scansystem employing a ballot markingdevice adds a second electronic
component for ballot presentation andvote capture functions.
electronically tabulated totals: tngs phiu c m qua mng
eligibility for office: tnh trng hi iu kin gi chc
eligible: hi iu kin
eligible candidates: cc ng c vin
hi iu kin eligible citizens: cc cng dn hi
iu kin
eligible to vote: hi iu kin bphiu
Definition: Same as eligibility to vote.
emergency ballot: l phiu khn cp
emergency slot: khe khn cp
enact: ban hnh
enactment: s ban hnh
enclose: km theo, gi km
encryption: m ha
See also: cryptography and decryption
Definition: Process of obscuringinformation by changing plain text intociphertext for the purpose of securityor privacy.
Example: Voting systems use encryptionto secure election information. (V D:Cc h thng b phiu s dng m s bo mt thng tin v cuc bu c.)
enroll: ghi danh, ng k tham gia
enrollment: s ghi danh
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enrollment statistics: cc d liu thngk v ghi danh
entry: nhp, s ghi vo, s tip nhn
envelope: b th, phong b
equipment: my mc, dng c
See also: voting equipment, votingmachine
erasure: s xa b
error correcting code: m kim tra saist
Definition: Coding system that allows databeing read or transmitted to be checkedfor errors and, when detected, correctsthose errors.
error rate standards: cc tiu chun vmc sai st
established by law: theo lut, theo quinh ca lut php
ethical standards of conduct: cc tiu
chun v hnh vi o c
ethics: o c, cch x th
e-voting: b phiu bng in t
executive branch: nghnh hnh php
exempt: min
exit poll: sthm d cc c tri khi h riphng b phiu ( c lng kt qu buc)
expect a receipt: yu cu giy bin nhn
See also: receipt
Example: After casting a provisional ballotexpect a receipt with information on howto determine if your vote was counted ornot. (V D: Sau khi b l phiu tm, yucu giy bin nhn c thng tin v cchthc xc nh xem l phiu c c
tnh hay khng.)
expedite voting: b phiu nhanh
expenditures: cc khon chi tiu
expense: chi ph, chi tiu
expense report: bo co chi ph, boco v chi tiu
expired: ht hn
extended hours: gi gia hn
extension: gia hn, ko di
EZ Voter Registration: Ghi Danh BPhiu EZ
See also: voter registration, register tovote
Example: The new EZ VoterRegistration allows individuals toregister to vote online. (V D: ThTc Ghi Danh C Tri EZ (EZ VoterRegistration) mi cho php ngi dnghi danh b phiu trc tuyn)
F fail-safe ballot: l phiu cho c tri
chuyn khu vc bu c
fail-safe voter: ctri di ch vcha ghi danh li
fail-safe voting: vic b phiu ca ctri di ch v cha ghi danh li
Fair Ballot Access Act: o Lut SDng L Phiu Cng Bng
Federal: Lin Bang
Federal Court of Appeals: Ta khng
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co lin bang
Federal Discretionary Funds: Ngn quty nghi s dng ca lin bang
Federal District Court: Ta n qun htca lin bang
Federal Election: Cuc bu c lin bang
Federal Election Campaign Act(FECA):) o lut v vn ng tuyn cca lin bang (FECA)
See also: Act of Congress, Help AmericaVote Act (HAVA)
Federal Election Commission (FEC):y ban tuyn c lin bang (FEC)
Federal election inspector: thanh travin tuyn c lin bang
Federal examiner: kim tra vin linbang
See also: federal observer
Federal Information Processing
Standards (FIPS): Cc tiu chun x lthng tin lin bang (FIPS)
Definition: Standards for federal computersystems developed by NIST. Thesestandards are developed when there areno existing industry standards to addressfederal requirements for systeminteroperability, portability of data andsoftware, and computer security.
Federal law: Lut lin bang
Federal observer: Quan st vin ca linbang
See also: federal examiner
Federal office: Vn phng lin bang
Federal Postcard Application (FPCA):
n xin dng bu thip ca lin bang(FPCA)
Federal service voters: Cc c triphc v lin bang
See also: overseas voter, Uniformed
and Overseas Citizens Absentee VotingAct (UOCAVA)
Federal services ballot: L phiucho ctri phc v lin bang
Federal voting assistance: Tr gipb phiu trong cuc bu c lin bang
Federal Voting Assistance
Program: Chng trnh tr gip bphiu trong cuc bu c lin bang
Federal Voting Rights Act: o lutv cc quyn b phiu ca lin bang
Federal Voting Systems Standards
(FVSS): Cc tiu chun v h thngb phiu lin bang (FVSS)
Federal Write-in Absentee
Ballot (FWAB): L phiu khim dincho ng c vin c b sung tn calin bang (FWAB)
Federalist: Ngi ng h ch linbang
federally recognized tribes: cc btc c lin bang cng nhn
felony: trng ti, i hnh
file: h s, np, lp h s (ng t)
file for office: np n tranh c
filing deadline: thi hn cht np hs
See also: deadline
filing electronically: np n quamng in t
filing fees: l ph np n
filing petitions: np n kin ngh
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filing with paper forms: np n bngmu n giy
fill: in, t kn
fill in the oval: t kn trn
fill out: in
finalize your vote: hon thnh th tcb phiu ca qu v
financial disclosure reports: cc boco tit l ti chnh
find your polling location: tm a im
b phiu ca qu vSee also: polling place, poll
fine: tin pht
fire chief: trng nha cu ha
fire commissioner: y vin nha cu ha
firmware: phn cng
Definition: Computer programming stored
in programmable read-only memory thusbecoming a permanent part of thecomputing device. It is created and testedlike software.
first-time registrant: ngi ghi danh bphiu ln u tin
first-time voter: c tri ln u tin ibu
fiscal: ti kha
fiscal statement: bn kt ton ti chnh
fixed resident: thng tr nhn
flap: vt, vnh
fold: gp
fold each ballot: gp mi l phiu
for Election Day use only: ch dnh
s dng trong Ngy Bu C
for voting by mail: dnh cho bphiu qua th
form: mu
formal complaint: khiu ni chnhthc
See also: voter concern form
Example: The voter filed a formalcomplaint. (V D: C trinp nkhiu nichnh thc.)
forms of identification: cc hnhthc giy t nhn dng
See also: identifying documents, showidentification, voter identification card
Example: A voter needs to provide oneof the following forms of identificationwhen registering to vote. (V D: C tricn cung cp mt trong cc loi giyt nhn dng sau y khi ghi danh bphiu.)
fraud: gian ln
fraud hotline: ng dy khn bo v sgian ln
fraudulent: gian ln (tnh t)
fraudulently registering to vote:ghi danh b phiu mt cch gian ln
free from coercion or intimidation:khng b p buc hay e da
See also: Civil Rights Act of 1964
Example: A voter's experience at thepolls should be free from coercion orintimidation. (V D: Khi c mt tiquy phiu, c tri s khng b p buchoce da.)
Freedom Socialist Party: ng XHi T Do
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full representation: i din hon ton
full-screen: trn mn hnh, ton b mnhnh
Functional Configuration Audit (FCA):
Kim tra thc dng thng s cu hnh
Definition: Exhaustive verification of everysystem function and combination offunctions cited in the vendorsdocumentation. The FCA verifies theaccuracy and completeness of thesystems voter manual, operationsprocedures, maintenance procedures, anddiagnostic testing procedures. Version 1.0
Volume I: Voting System PerformanceGuidelines Appendix A: Glossary A-11
functional test: kim tra tnh nng
Definition: Test performed to verify orvalidate the accomplishment of a functionor a series of functions.
functions: cc tnh nng
fund: qu, ti tr
fundraising: gy qu
See also: running for office, campaign
G general: tng qut
general assembly: i hi ng lp php
general election: cuc tng tuyn c
general election review: duyt xt vcuc tng tuyn c
general municipal election: cuc tngtuyn c thnh ph
general primary: cuc tng tuyn cs b
general provisions: cc iu khonqui nh tng qut
general registrar: nhn vin ghidanh tng qut
gerrymandering: ssp xp khu vcbu c ginh phn thng trong cuctuyn c
governing board: y ban iu hnh,hi ng qun tr
governing body: t chc iu hnh
governing member: thnh vin baniu hnh
government: chnh ph
governor: thng c
Green Independent: ng Xanh cLp
Green Party: ng Xanh
grounds for recall: cc l do minnhim, cc l do bi chc
group affidavit: bn chng th theonhm
gubernatorial: thuc thng c
See also: governor
gubernatorial election: cuc bu cthng c bang
gubernatorial general election:cuc tng tuyn c thng c bang
gubernatorial primary election:cuc bu c s b thng c bang
guidelines: hng dn, cc qui nhhng dn
See also: policy
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U.S. Election Assistance Commission
GLOSSARY OF KEY ELECTION TERMS English-Vietnamese 39
Example: The state provides generalguidelines for administering elections. (VD: Tiu bang c cc qui nh hng dntng qut v th tc iu hnh cc cucbu c).
H handicapped: khuyt tt
See also: Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA), wheelchair accessible, disabledvoters
hanging chads: cc mu giy c l cndnh li
See also: chad, punch card
Example: Hanging chads occur when avote is not punched through completely.(V D: Trng hp cc mu giy clcn dnh li xy ra khi mt l phiu khng
c c thng hon ton.)
hard money: tin vt v kim c
hash: hm bm
Definition: Algorithm that maps a bitstring of arbitrary length to a fixed-lengthbit string
hash function: hm bm (t d cho nkhi no c kt qu)
Definition: A function that maps a bitstring of arbitrary length to a fixed-lengthbit string. Approved hash functions satisfythe following properties: 1. (one-way) It iscomputationally infeasible to find anyinput that maps to any pre-specifiedoutput, and 2. (collision-resistant) It iscomputationally infeasible to find any twodistinct inputs that map to the sameoutput.
hearing: thnh gic, iu trn
Example: The election board conducteda