eng draft proposal idd-final

8/3/2019 Eng Draft Proposal IDD-Final

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Iodine Deficiency Disorders among Children in

Different Agroecological Zones: Study on FoodAvailability, Food Consumption, Socio-cultural

Aspects, and Academic Achievement

PROPOSAL

Researchers:

Leily Amalia, STP, MSiHadi Riyadi, Ph.D.

Tin Herawati, SP, MSi

Reisi Nurdiani, SP, M.Si

Faculty of Human Ecology

Bogor Agricultural University

Darmaga, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaEmail: [email protected]

June 2011


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DESCRIPTION

Title : Iodine Deficiency Disorders among Children in Different

Agroecological Zones: Study on Food Availability, FoodConsumption, Socio-cultural Aspects, and AcademicAchievement

Researchers : Leily Amalia, STP, M.SiHadi Riyadi, Ph.D

Tin Herawati, M.SiReisi Nurdiani, SP, M.Si

Bank Account Number : 0174760723 (Leily Amalia, BNI Syariah,Bogor).

Bank Swift Code : BNINIDJA

Institution Address: Faculty of Human EcologyBogor Agricultural UniversityDarmaga, Bogor 16680West Java, Indonesia

Phone : 62-8129265531

Email : [email protected]

Proposed Budget :

Bogor, May 2011Principal Investigator,

Leily Amalia, STP, MSi


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LIST OF CONTENTS

Pag

e

SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 4

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 6

OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................

10

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..................................................................

11

METHODS.............................................................................................

14

Design...........................................................................................

14

Sampling.......................................................................................

14

Data Collection..............................................................................

15

RESEARCH AREA..................................................................................

17

DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT....................................................

17

Data Limitation.............................................................................

18

RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH...................................................................

18

DISSEMINATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE RESEARCH .......................

19

TIME SCHEDULE...................................................................................20


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SUMMARY

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is one of four main nutritional

problems besides energy protein malnutrition (EPM), iron deficiencyanemia (IDA), and vitamin A deficiency (VAD). The consequences of

iodine deficiency include goiter, reduced mental function, delayed

motor development, growth failure and stunting, neuromuscular

disorders, and speech and hearing defects (ACC/SCN, 1992). Iodine

deficiency exists in most regions in the world, resulting from a low

intake of iodine in the diet, and commonly come from mountainous

areas with the soil, water and plants which contain less iodine. Theproblem arises when people live in an environment with soil lack of

iodine, either due to the flood of river valleys or by high rainfall or

glaciations in hilly mountainous areas. The deficiency in the soil leads

to deficiency in all forms of plant life including cereals, vegetables,

and fruits grown in the soil (Hetzel, 1989). According to Harahap

(2004), the other cause of iodine deficiency is due to several kinds of

foods consumed in the developing countries which contain agoitrogenic substance which inhibits the iodine absorption by thyroid.

The goitrogenic substance can be found in some kinds of foods, such

as cassava, vegetables belonging to various kinds of cabbages.

In regard to that consequences, it is necessary to conduct a

study to identify IDD among the people and the school children. This

study is aimed 1) to analyze incidence of IDD among the school

children, 2) to identify food availability in different agro ecological

zones, 3) to analyze food consumption of the children suffered from

IDD, 4) to identify iodine-rich foods and goitrogenic food consumption

among the children with IDD, 5) to analyze the iodine content of salt

consumed by the households in study areas. 6) to analyze coverage

of iodized salt consumption, 7) to analyze impacts of IDD on academic

achievement among school children, and 8) to identify socio-cultural

aspects as determinant factors of IDD.


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Attention to school children needs emphasizing as school

children are still in a growth phase and badly need a good

intelligence, and who are easily affected by the iodine status in their

body. The problem of IDD is primarily caused by the low iodine

consumption and/or the high goitrogenik food consumption. The

results of riskesdas-- a basic health research (Kemenkes, 2008)

showed that there was only 62.3% of the households consuming

iodized salt. Because of that, the iodized salt consumption is one of

the main channels which is able tobe utilized to overcome the IDD

problem. In connection with the iodized salt, the living location also

has a relatively significant influence. Many of the people who live in

coastal areas do not consume iodized salt due to the spread of the

people non-iodized salt. On the other hand, the people who live in

mountainous areas generally only rely on the salt that comes to the

local areas. The salt that is distributed in the mountainous areas

commonly contains iodine, however the peoples access to the salt

often becomes the obstacle.

To achieve the objectives, a cross-sectional design will be

applied in this study. The location of this study will be selected

purposively based on the households which consume iodized salt at a

relatively low level, namely District of Karawang (33.9%) and Cianjur

(47.2%), as compared to national level which was 62.3% (Riskesdas

2007). District of Karawang represents coastal areas and Cianjur

represents high land areas. The study will be conducted in 2011-

2012.

The population and sample in this study are mothers and school

children, especially grade 4-5. The samples are selected based on

their vulnerability on the effect of IDD. The total number of children

who become the samples of this study is 300, 150 children coming

from three sub-districts in Karawang District and the other 150

coming from three sub-districts of Cianjur District.

The collected data are comprised of secondary data and

primary data. The secondary data consist of data of the areas, while


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the primary data consist of characteristics of the sampled households,

anthropometry and the iodine status of the samples as well as the

food consumption, iodine-source foods and goitrogenic foods.

An interview will be performed towards the mothers to obtain

data on the households socio-economy including parents education,

households income, and mothers KAP (knowledge, attitude,

practice). Whereas, the children will be measured to get

anthropometric data, and they will also be interviewed to find out

their consumption of iodine-source foods and goitrogenic foods.

Besides that, an analysis of iodine levels of the salt, soil and water in

the research site will be carried out.

Data collection will be conducted by enumerators. The criteria

of the enumerators in this research are graduates having background

in nutrition or public health. Before collecting data, they are informed

on the purpose and scope of this research, length of survey, sampling

technique, methods of data collection, and load of works. The

enumerators will be trained how to complete fill-in forms and

questionnaire, how to use a guideline for data collection, and

interview technique.

To ensure the success of the data collection process,

supervision is conducted by the research team, so that any possible

problems can be solved immediately during the process of data

collection by enumerators. Besides, to ensure the data quality in the

study , some steps of data management will be taken, consists of data

cleaning, data processing, and data analysis.


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INTRODUCTION

The national development which is being carried out by theIndonesian government is actually an attempt to increase the

peoples prosperity in order to achieve the national goal, that is,

prosperity for the entire nation. Likewise, in other developing

countries, in Indonesia malnutrition is still the main problem that

affects the health status of the people. The low nutritional status

influences the quality of the human resources, either growth,

intelligence, invulnerability to diseases, infant mortality, mothermortality, or working productivity.

For the time being in Indonesia there are four main nutritional

problems, namely, energy protein malnutrition (EPM), iron anemia

(IA),vitamin A deficiency, and some disorders due to Iodine Deficiency

(IDD-- Iodine Deficiency Disorders). Of the 20 millions of the total

Indonesian people who suffer from IDD, it is estimated that the

potential of IQ loss is equal to140 millions IQ pints (RAN KPP GAKY,2004). If these nutritional problems are not promptly overcome, the

Indonesian people will suffer from the decrease of capability

(academic matters as well as the working productivity).

Iodine deficiency exists in most regions in the world, resulting

from a low intake of iodine in the diet. The consequences of iodine

deficiency include goiter, reduced mental function, increased rates of

still births and abortions, and infant death. Severe mental andneurological impairment known as cretinism occurs in babies with

severely iodine deficient mothers. Deficiency in iodine later in infancy

and childhood causes mental retardation, delayed motor

development, growth failure and stunting, neuromuscular disorders,

and speech and hearing defects. Mild deficiency can cause lethargy,

and this is reversible when iodine status improves, as is goiter

(ACC/SCN, 1992).


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The sufferers of IDD commonly come from mountainous areas

with the soil, water and plants which contain less iodine. The problem

arises when people live in an environment whose soil has been lack of

iodine, either due to the flood of river valleys or by high rainfall or

glaciations in hilly mountainous areas. The deficiency in the soil leads

to deficiency in all forms of plant life including cereals, vegetables,

and fruits grown in the soil (Hetzel, 1989). The iodine content in the

nature, which has been eliminated, cannot be replaced anymore. As a

result, the people who live in the area will suffer from iodine

deficiency.

According to Harahap (2004), the other cause of iodine

deficiency is due to several kinds of foods consumed in the

developing countries which contain a goitrogenic substance which

inhibits the iodine absorption by thyroid. The goitrogenic substance

can be found in some kinds of foods, such as cassava, vegetables

belonging to various kinds of cabbages. In Sarawak (Malaysia), the

consumption of cassava was found to be correlated with goiter and

cretin prevalence.

Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones which in

turn are needed for the regulation of metabolic activities of all cells

throughout the life cycle. They are also required to ensure normal

growth, especially of the brain, which occurs from fetal life to the end

of the third postnatal year (Delange, 1994).

The prevalence of IDD was approximately 30% in 1980, and

nationally it decreased to be 9.8% in 1998. However, the prevalence

in some provinces was still high, for instance, in NTT 38.1%, Maluku

33.3%, Sulawesi Tenggara 24.9%, and Sumatra Barat 20.5%.

Provinces of NTT and Maluku were categorized to have a moderate

IDD problem, while the other provinces belonged to have slight IDD or

not to have any problem of IDD (Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat, 2003).

As a whole the result report of a mapping survey of goiter in

1998 which was published by WHO in 2000 showed that 18.8% of the

Indonesian people lived in slightly endemic areas, 4.2% of the people


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lived in moderately endemic areas, and 4.5% of the people lived in

severely endemic areas. It was also estimated that about 18.2

millions of the people lived in moderately and severely endemic

areas; and 39.2 millions of the people lived in slightly endemic areas.

The IDD prevalence among the school-age children was 27.7%

in 1980. This prevalence decreased to be 9.8% in 1998. Although

there was a significant drop, IDD was still considered as the societys

health problem, because in general the prevalence was still above

5%. The prevalence varied from one sub-district to another sub-

district, and it was still encountered sub-districts with the IDD

prevalence of over 30% (severly endemic areas). From the results of

a national survey conducted in 2003, it was known that in general the

TGR (Total Goiter Rate) of the school children was still around 11.1%.

The national survey showed that 35.8% of the districts in Indonesia

was slightly endemic, 13.1% of the districts was moderately endemic,

and 8,2% of the districts was severly endemic (RAN KPP GAKY, 2004).

Rencana Aksi Nasional (RAN) Kesinambungan Program

Penanggulangan GAKY 2005-2010 (a national plan to cope with IDD)

states that the indicators used to monitor and evaluate IDD are the

household consumption of iodized salt and the median of the people

EIU as much as 100-299 g/L, whereas TGR is not applied anymore

due to its low sensitiveness and specivity as well as the change of

TGR occurance requiring a long time.

In 2005, the nutritional program which was implemented by the

government has several objectives. Firstly, it is to reduce the

prevalence of poor nutrition among children under five, that is, to be

20%. Secondly, it is to reduce the prevalence of iodine deficiency

disorders (IDD) among children to be 5%. Thirdly, it is to reduce iron

anemia among the pregnant women to be 40%. Fourthly, there is no

more vitamin A clinical deficiency found among children under five

and pregnant women. Fifthly, it is to increase the number of

households consuming iodized salt to be 90 %. Finally, it is to achieve

the balanced-nutrittion consumption with the average energy


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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Indonesia is an archipelago country with physical conditions of

the territory which is greatly varied, either its climate, rainfall,humidity, slope, or height from the surface of the sea. The diversity

makes Indonesia possess various types of soil with different fertility

levels as well as different physical characteristics of the soil.

According to Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat Bogor (a reseach

centre of soil and agroclimate) in Bogor in Resosoedarmo et al.

(1993), the different physical conditions will yield a diversity of

agroecological zones in every area. Slamet (1989) stated that thedifferent agroecological zone among areas may affect the patterns of

land use, the system of farm operation implemented, ans the farmers

preference towards the kind of plant that will be cultivated. This will

influence the number and and types of foods available in the area.

Suhardjo (1989) also stated that the different geography and

topography can give a specific characteristics to the food product

yielded. Therefore, the food consumption patterns in an area usually

developed from the local foods or from foods which have been in the

area for a long time.

Food consumption is not a problem which stands alone but it is

a part of a system which is determined by several intertwined factors.

Sanjur (1982) states that in addition to the local food availability and

the socio-culture, food consumption is also related with the

households socio-economic characteristics, such as, the education

level, income, and the number of the household members. The low

income is another barrier which makes people unable to purchase

food in an appropriate amount. Accordingly, income is the

indispensable determinant correlated with the quality of food

consumption.

The formal education level of housewives is positively

correlated with the improvement of the households food

consumption pattern and the pattern of feeding their children.The


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education level will influence the consumption through food choice.

People who are more educated tend to select better foods in terms of

number and quality compared to those who have a lower education

level (Moehdji, 1986).

The number of the household members will affect food

consumption. A variety of research results show that there is a very

significant correlation between the size of households and the

prevalence of malnutrition. The increasingly-greater number of the

household members without any adequate income for them will lead

to an increasingly imbalanced food distribution.

Kinds and amount of the food consumed will affect the required

nutrition adequacy. If the kinds and amount of food consumption are

not sufficient, the nutrition need will not be fulfilled so this will trigger

a health problem. IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorders) is still a health

problem in Indonesia which requires a serious attention and handling.

According to Adriani (2002) Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is

caused by a lack of iodine intake, the excessive goitrogenic food

consumption, and a food consumption pattern which is of low protein.

The lack of protein intake and the existence of goitrogenic in a food

will cause a disorder of taking iodine by thyroid glands. Protein

(albumin, globulin and prealbumin) is a means of transportation of

thyroid hormones.

Hetzel (1989) states that the low iodine intake of an individual

or a group of people in a population is affected by the geographic

condition. The IDD sufferers are found more in the upland than in the

lowland. Water and soil in the upland contain lower iodine compared

to that in the lowland.

A study conducted by Prihartini (2001) towards the elementary

school children in an endemic area of IDD found that the average

iodine level of the childrens urine with a good nutritional status was

higher or there was a significant difference compared to those with a

low nutritional status. According to Djokomoeljantio (1997) people

with a low or poor nutritional status will be at risk in the biosynthesis


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of thyroid hormones due to the lack of thyroxin binding protein (TBP)

so the synthesis of thyroid hormones will be less. This is in line with

Oenzils opinion (1996) that the number of iodine stores in every

individual body will be different in accordance with his/her nutritional

status condition.

The effect of IDD is not only the enlargement of thyroid gland

but it can result in a severer condition, that is, the decrease of ones

IQ level which is started since one is still a fetus untill an adult. The

younger one suffers from IDD, the severer the result will be,

especially on the structure of the central nerve. The damage of the

brain nerve will lead to the low IQ (intelligent quotient) score of the

IDD sufferers. Every goiter sufferer experienced a five-point deficit of

IQ, every cretin sufferer experienced a 50-point deficit of IQ, every

IDD sufferer of non-goiter and non cretin experienced a 10-point

deficit of IQ, and babies born in an area with an IDD risk would

experience a ten-point deficit of IQ (Syahbudin, 2002).


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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

1

FoodProductio

n

Food Availability Plants Animal Fish

Socio-economic Characteristics of Household

- Parents Education- Parents Occupation- Households income- Household Size- Mothers Nutritional Knowledge,

Agro-ecologicalZone:

Highland andLowland/ Coastal

- Climate- Rain- Humidity-

Food Consumption Dietary recall Food

Cultural Aspects- Food Taboo- Food Priority- Food Preference- Iodine rich food

Iodine DeficiencyDisorders (IDD)among schoolchildren

Low academic

- Low Iodine rich-foods- High goitrogenic rich-

foods- Low iodized salt

content- Low Iodized salt

Iodine content Soil Water


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METHOD

Design To achieve the objectives, a cross-sectional design will be applied in

this study. The location of this study will be selected purposively based onthe households which consume iodized salt at a relatively low level, namely

District of Karawang (33.9%) and Cianjur (47.2%), as compared to national

level which was 62.3% (Riskesdas 2007). District of Karawang represents

coastal areas and Cianjur represents high land areas. The study will be

conducted in 2011-2012.

Sampling

The population and sample in this study are mothers and school

children, especially grade 4-5. The samples are selected based on their

vulnerability on the effect of IDD.

Where :

Z (1-/2) = Significance level at 95% (=0.05) = 1,96

P = prevalece of low iodized salt consumption in the area, namely33.9% in Karawang and 47.2% in Cianjur (Riskesdas 2007).

d = desired absolut precision (0,08)

With significance level at 95% (=0.05), prevalence of iodized salt

consumption in Karawang of 33.9%, and desired absolute precision of 0.08,

the minimum sample required is 134; whereas with prevalence of iodized

salt consumption in Cianjur of 47%, the minimum sample required is 149.5.

Based on the formula and calculation above, the number of children

who become samples of this study is each area (Karawang and Cianjur

Districts) is rounded to be 150, so that the total sample is 300. From each of

17

n = Z 2 (1-/2) P(1-P)


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the sub-districts will be taken two elementary schools, and from each school,

25 children will be drawn randomly (See the chart below).

ES = Elementary School

Figure 2. Sampling Technique

Data Collection The collected data are comprised of secondary data and primary data.

The secondary data consist of data of the areas, while the primary data

consist of characteristics of the sampled households, anthropometry and the

iodine status of the samples as well as the food consumption, iodine-source

foods and goitrogenic foods. Kinds and methods of data collections are

displayed in Table 1.

Table 1. Samples, types of variables and methods of collection

Samples Variables Method of CollectionMothers

Socio-economic Characteristics Parents education Parents occupation

Interview

18

Agroecological Zones

Coastal Area

Karawang District

Sub-district 4 Sub-district5

Sub-district6

ES 7 ES 8 ES 9 ES 12ES 11

@25 children, total 150 children

High land Area

Cianjur District

Sub-district1 Sub-district 2 Sub-district3

ES 1 ES 5ES 4ES 3ES 2

@25 children, total 150 children

ES 6 ES10


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Samples Variables Method of Collection Households income Household size Nutrition knowledge, attitude and

practice (KAP) of motherCultural characteristics Food Taboo Food Priority Food Preference Iodine rich food perception

Interview

Elementary Schoolchildren

Anthropometric Age Sex Weight Height

Interview measuremen

t

Iodine status UIE (Urinary Iodine Excretion) Urine sampleFood consumption Nutrient Intake Consumption of iodine rich foods Consumption of goitrogenic rich

foods

Interview byrecall & foodfrequencyquestionnaireSalt consumption

Iodized salt Non-iodized salt

Salt Iodine content (qualitative andquantitatively) from households Iodized salt coverage

Iodine testtitration

Environment Iodine level of local soil Iodine level of local water

Iodine analysis

Food Production/Availability Cereals Horticulture Animal Fish

Secondary data

Agro-ecologycharacteristics

Climate Altitude

Rain Humidity

Secondary data

An interview will be performed towards the sampled mothers to obtain

data on the households socio-economy including parents education,

19


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households income, and mothers KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice) ibu.

Whereas, the sampled children will be measured to get anthropometric data,

and they will also be interviewed to find out their consumption of iodine-

source foods and goitrogenic foods. Besides that, An analysis of iodine levels

of the salt, soil and water in the research site will be carried out.

Data collection will be conducted by enumerators. The criteria of the

enumerators in this research are graduates having background in nutrition or

public health. Before collecting data, they are informed on the purpose and

scope of this research, length of survey, sampling technique, methods of

data collection, and load of works. The enumerators will be trained how to

complete fill-in forms and questionnaire, how to use a guideline for data

collection, and interview technique.

To ensure the quality of the data, supervision is conducted by the

research team at the time of data collection in the fields, so that any possible

problems can be solved immediately during the process of data collection by

enumerators.

Research Area

This research will be conducted in two different types of agroecology,namely, Karawang District (representing the coastal areas) and Cianjur

District (representing the upland/mountainous areas). The two different

types of areas are necessary to be selected as the research sites considering

that IDD prevalence may be highly correlated with the difference of

agroecology. It is known that the iodine contents in food and water depend

very much on the location of an area (coastal or moutainous). This will

impact on the risk difference of the people to suffer from IDD. In addition,

Karawang and Cianjur still have a problem concerning with the low caverage

of iodized-salt consumption. The Indonesian government has socialized the

use of iodized salt since a long time ago but the coverages among the areas

are still varied enough.

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Some data will be collected by a recalling technique, which could be a

weakness of this study because ones remembering ability is relatively

limited to recall all things. However, this method is the most practical to be

operated in an on-field survey.

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RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is of public health concern

throughout the world, including in Indonesia. WHO estimated that therewere in excess of 2.2 billion people from 130 countries at risk of IDD in the

mid 90s. These countries include the most populous Bangladesh, Brazil,

China, India, Indonesia and Nigeria (ICCIDD/WHO/UNICEF 1999). WHO,

UNICEF and International Coordinating Committee on Iodine Deficiency

Disorders (ICCIDD) also classified 191 countries into 68.1% having IDD

problems, 10.5% having been able to cope with IDD problems, and the rest

were not known their big problems of IDD. (Allen & Gillespie, 2001). In

Indonesia, it was estimated 62.3 % of households using iodized salt

(Kemenkes, 2008). There were variations in the prevalence among districts

and provinces.

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and early life causes mental

retardation, stunted growth, and other developmental abnormalities, which

are largely irreversible. In later life it reduces intellectual performance,

educational achievement and productivity, which can be improved with

increased iodine intakes (SCN, 2011). Based on the evidence and lessons

learned within the last decade, it appears that the most susceptible groups -

pregnant and lactating women, and children less than two years of age -

might not be adequately covered by iodized salt. This situation may

jeopardize the optimal brain development of the fetus and young child

(WHO, 2007).

This research is indispensable to be conducted since it is able to reveal

the IDD phenomena among children in different agro-ecologies. By focusingon the aspects of food availability, food consumption, coverage of iodized-

salt consumption, as well as academic achievement of the children sufferers

of IDD, this research will answer the IDD problems which at present still

become one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia.

23


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TIME OF SCHEDULE

No. ActivitiesMonth

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Survey of Study Sites x2. Survey Permit x3. Ethical Clearance x

4. DevelopingQuestionnaires x

5. Questionnaires Try Out x6. Revising Questionnaires x

7. Training of the

Interviewersx

8. Data Collection x x x9. Writing Progress Report x

10.

Data Processing &Analysis:a. Data Entry and

Cleaning x x x

b. Data Analysis x x x13.

Writing Draft of FinalReport x x

14

.Seminar x

15. Final Report x X

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PROPOSED BUDGET

No Activities Unit Cost perunit (IDR)

TotalCost(IDR)

1 Preparation a. Survey of Study Sites

* Karawang District- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000

- Transport 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 2 days 8 man-days 450,000 3,600,000 * Cianjur District

- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000 - Transport 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 2 days 8 man-days 450,000 3,600,000

b. Survey Permit * Karawang District

- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000 - Transport 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 2 days 8 man-days 450,000 3,600,000 * Cianjur District


c. Ethical Clearance 1 package 2,500,000 2,500,000d. Developing Questionaires

- Perdiem, 4 persons x 5 days 20 man-days 450,000 9,000,000

e. Questioner Try Out (byenumerators)

- Transport 1 package 500,000 500,000 - Perdiem 4 man-days 200,000 800,000

f. Training of the interviewers* Researcher

- Perdiem, 4 persons x 1 day 4 man-days 450,000 1,800,000 * Interviewers

- Perdiem, 4 persons x 1 day 4 man-days 200,000 800,000

Sub Total 141,800,0

002 Data Collection, 300 samples

- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000

* Field Survey (by 4enumerators)

- Local transport (20 days x 4enums) 80 man-days 50,000 4,000,000

- Perdiem (20 days x 4enumerators) 80 man-days 450,00036,000,00

0

26


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TotalCost(IDR)

- Reward 300 respondents 40,000 12,000,00 0 - Transport Bogor-Karawang 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Transport Bogor-Cianjur 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000

* Iodine Analysis- Urine Iodine Excretion (UIE)

analysis 300 respondent 40,00012,000,00

0 - Test of iodine content in salt 300 samples 20,000 6,000,000 - Test of iodine content in water 30 samples 20,000 600,000 - Test of iodine content in soil 30 samples 20,000 600,000

SubTotal 276,200,0

003 Supervision a. * Karawang

- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000

- Transport 4 packages 1,000,000 4,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 4 days 16 man-days 450,000 7,200,000b. * Cianjur


SubTotal 324,400,0

004 Data Analysis

- Data Entry dan Data Cleaning 300 questionnaire 50,00015,000,00

0

- Data analysis 8 packages 4,500,000 36,000,00

0 Sub Total4

51,000,000

5 Report WritingProgress report- Perdiem, 4 persons x 4 days 16 man-days 450,000 7,200,000

Final report

- Perdiem, 4 persons x 12 days 48 man-days 450,000 21,600,00 0

Sub Total528,800,0

00

6 Seminar (participant : 25

policy makers)

* Karawang District- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000

- Transport 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 2 days 8 man-days 450,000 3,600,000

- Accommodation forparticipants 25 man-days 200,000 5,000,000

* Cianjur District- Meeting acommodation 2 days 500,000 1,000,000

27


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TotalCost(IDR)

- Transport 2 packages 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Perdiem, 4 persons x 2 days 8 man-days 450,000 3,600,000

- Accommodation for

participants 25 man-days 200,000 5,000,000 Sub Total6

23,200,000

7 Research Assistants, 1 x 12months 12 months 1,500,00018,000,00

0

Sub Total718,000,0

00

8 Research Consultant, 1 x 3months 3 months 7,000,00021,000,00

0

Sub Total821,000,0

009 Administration

- Stationery 1 package 9,000,000 9,000,000 - Institutional Fee 1 package 6,000,000 6,000,000

Sub Total915,000,0

00

Total in IDR 299,400,000

1 Euro = IDR 12,422, Total in Euro 24,102.4 0

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necessary to have two times meetings to prepare all of the necessitiesrequired in the field.

4. Data Analysis This stage includes data entry and cleaning as well as data analyses. Thecost of data entry and cleaning is Rp 50.000,-/questionnaire, whereas, forthe data analyses the costs are determined by the research objectives,and each of the research objectives requires Rp. 4.500.000,-.

5. Report Writing The report writing for the progress report takes about four days, while forthe final report takes twelve days.

6. Seminar

A seminar will be held in each of the two districts as the researchlocations, and each seminar will be attended by 25 policy makers. Prior tothe seminars, the researchers need to have a two-day meeting for each of the seminars to prepare all of the necessities needed for the seminar. Theresearchers need two days to reach each of the locations and to hold theseminars. For the seminars, it is needed accommodations for theresearchers, banners, refreshments and meals, reimbursement of theparticipants transport expenses, and to rent seminar rooms. The total costis estimated to reach Rp.200.000/participants.

7. Research assistantA research assistant is needed for administration work and helping theresearch operation. The researcher assistant will be hired for one year.

8. Research ConsultantFor this research we need a consultant on food and nutrition to be hiredfor 3 months.

9. Administration

For the secretarial and administrative work, office equipment andstationery are required. As the members of the institution, the researchershave to allocate an institutional fee for the department and faculty.

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Kodyat BA. 1992. Masalah yang Dihadapi dalam Penyelenggaran IntervensiGaram Fortifikasi dan Upaya Mengatasinya. PAU Pangan Dan Gizi IPB.

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Slamet S.K. 1989. Dampak Perbedaan Zono Agroekosistem di Daerah SemiArid terhadap Pemilikan Aset Produksi Pertanian. Laporan Penelitian.Undana. Kupang

Suhardjo. 1989. Sosio Budaya Gizi. PAU Pangan dan Gizi IPB. Bogor.Syahbudin S. 2002. GAKY dan Usia. Jurnal GAKY Indonesia. Vol I (1). hal 13

Tim Penanggulangan GAKY Pusat. Rencana Aksi Nasional KesinambunganProgram Penanggulangan Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium.

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WHO. 1998. Physical Status : The Use and Interpretation of Antrophomentry.Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series 854.WHO, Geneva.

WHO/UNICEF. 2007. Reaching Optimal Iodine Nutrition in Pregnant andLactating Women and Young Children. Joint Statement by the WorldHealth Organization and the United Nations Childrens Fund.
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