enery efficient home (aves husainy)
DESCRIPTION
THESISTRANSCRIPT
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A
Paper on
“ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE”
For
Emerson Cup 2011
Avesahemad S.N Husainy.
Abhishek N Chhajed.
Mahammadumar M Jamadar.
Jahid B Momin.
Yogesh R Satpute.
(Final Year of Mechanical Engineering)
Under the Guidance
Prof. S M Shaikh
Prof. R H Yadav
Mechanical Engineering Department
Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engineering
Jaysingpur 416101.
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“WHY MY PROJECT DESERVE TO WIN THE
EMERSON CUP-2011 COMPETITION”
Our project deserves to win this competition because in
our project we utilized the natural assets like waste water, grey water, human
wastages, natural skylights, etc. Also we adopted following technique which
make our home energy efficient.
1. Use of renewable energy for generation of electricity, water heating,
cooking application.
2. Efficient use of water by rain water harvesting.
3. Reutilization of waste water (viz. Bathing, Washing Cloths, Washing
Utensils, etc) and utilize it for Landscaping, Planting, growing trees,
flushing in toilet, etc.
4. Use of Energy efficient appliances instead of ordinary appliances, use of
5-STAR labeling appliances like Refrigerators, Air-conditioner, etc.
instead of 0-STAR labeling appliances.
5. Use of natural lighting by use of skylights.
6. Improves natural indoor air quality by use of Earth Air tunnel &
Double glazed windows.
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The best thing in our project is we have saved waste
water, because water is life. The main source of water is rain, but now a day
rainfall is decreased because of deforestation for globalization and industrial
development. This creates change in the environmental condition, and result in
shortage of water. Hence we have concentrated more on Rain water harvesting
& Reuse of Grey water for number of application as mentioned in detail in
main project report.
We are now entering an era where the universe is
facing an additional problem like GLOBAL WARMING, because of
maximum use of non-Renewable energy sources, green house effect and ozone
layer depletion. Climatic change resulting from high concentration of green
house gases in the atmosphere has emerged one of the most threatening
environmental issues. The primary greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2),
and in 21st century its concentration in environment has raised by 50%.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major byproduct in the manufacturing of the
materials used for construction. Therefore we have to switch over in practicing
the above mentioned renewable techniques to defend Environmental problems
and protect our Planet.
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By adopting green building strategies we can improves
environmental and economic performance. Energy efficient building is the
practice of creating healthier and efficient Environment worldwide.
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IndexIndexIndexIndex Sr. No
Highlights Page No.
1 Abstract 7
2 Introduction of Building 9
3 Solar Water Heating System 11
4 Solar Cooker 14
5 Alternate option for cooking (Bio-gas) 16
6 Solar PV cell 17
7 Earth air tunnel for better indoor air quality 19
8 Use of Sky light 21
9 Double Glazed Windows 22
10 Rain water harvesting 25
11 Landscaping 27
12 Alternate option for landscaping(Wall and Roof/Floor Insulation)
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13 Grey water Recycling 30
14 Energy Comparison 32
15 E- Saving Program 33
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“ENERY EFFICIENT HOUSE”
Abstract
Commercial buildings are one of the major consumers of energy and are the third
largest consumers of energy, after industry and agriculture. Buildings annually
consume more than 20% of electricity used in India.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to compliment current
practices in creating energy efficient structure. The common objective is those
energy efficient homes are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built
environment on human health and the natural environment by:
• Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.
• Reducing waste, pollution & environmental degradation.
• Protecting occupant health & improving its productivity.
Energy efficient home brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to
reduce & ultimately eliminate the impact of buildings on the environment.
It often emphasizes on taking advantage of renewable resources, for example using
sunlight through passive solar, active solar, photovoltaic techniques, using plants
and trees through green roofs, rain gardens and for reduction of rain water runoff,
use of energy efficient appliances for house hold application.
The aim of the energy efficient home is to minimize the demand of non renewable
resources, maximize the utilization efficiency of these resources when in use and
maximize the reuse, recycling and utilization of renewable resources.
Energy efficiency in buildings can be achieved through a multipronged approach
involving adoption of bioclimatic architectural principles responsive to the climate
of the particular location; use of materials with low embodied energy; reduction of
transportation energy; incorporation of efficient structural design; implementation
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of energy-efficient building systems; and effective utilization of renewable energy
sources to power the building.
The potential for energy savings is 40 – 50% in buildings, if energy efficiency
measures are incorporated at the design stage. For existing buildings, the potential
can be as high as 20-25% which can be achieved by implementing housekeeping
and retrofitting measures.
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Introduction of our Building.
Name of Building : ATHARVA
Location : Sangli, Maharashtra.
Climate : Composite.
Total Area : 2200 sq. ft
Type of Building : Residential Building.
Occupancies : 5 persons
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An affordable design of energy efficient house.
The design of the home should be such that we can utilize maximum natural source
of energy.
The structure should be designed considering local climate, local materials, local
people along with energy saving elements & appliances.
We can make the home energy efficient by using following design modification
and methods.
Solar Solutions:
Solar energy is one of the many forms of renewable energy. Quite simply, solar
energy or renewable energy comes to us from the Sun and we can harness it using
solar panels in two ways;
Solar Thermal (ST): Solar energy, when used for heating purposes, is called Solar
Thermal or solar heating. Such heating applications include – Solar water heating,
cooking food (using solar cookers), etc.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV): When used for generating electricity, it is called solar
photovoltaic. This electricity generation is done using special cells (or rather, a
large array of cells) called ‘Photovoltaic cells’ that are made from semi-conductor
materials.
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Ø Solar Thermal (ST):
• Solar water heating:
1. The benefits of solar water heating are numerous and considerable. First,
you’re going to save money on your electric bill.
2. Most likely, your water-heating electricity use will be cut by at least half.
3. So there is corresponding reduction in pollution. A 50 percent reduction in
traditional (emitting) energy use means a 50 percent reduction in CO2
emissions. So installing a solar water heater we reduced our hot-water
carbon footprint by half.
Calculations:
For 5 Persons
Initial cost of solar water heater
Having 25 years life
Total amount of expenditure = 25000+ 25000×2%×25
Total cost/ day = (37,500)/ (25×365)
=4.10 Rs/day.
Gas Comparison:
1 cylinder for
Total cost/day = 407/60
= 6.78 Rs/day.
Total Saving = 6.78-4.10
= 2.68 Rs/day.
Saving in % = 40% saving.
0
Use of LPG
Use of Solar Water Heater
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & LPG for heating purpose.
of solar water heater = 25000/- Rs
Total amount of expenditure = 25000+ 25000×2%×25
= 37,500/-
(37,500)/ (25×365)
4.10 Rs/day.
1 cylinder for 2 month.
= 6.78 Rs/day.
Saving in % = 40% saving.
6.78
4.1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cost in Rs/day
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & LPG for heating purpose.
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7 8
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & LPG for heating purpose.
Electricity Comparison:
Geyser of 1500 watts used for 1.30 hrs.
1 no × 1500 watts × 1.30 hrs/day = 1,950WHr
Rate/ unit = 3.75
Total cost = 1.95 × 3.75
=7.31 Rs/ day.
Total Saving/day = 7.31-4.10
= 3.21 Rs/day.
Saving in % = 45%
0
Use of Electricity
Use of Solar Water Heater
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & Electricity for heating
Geyser of 1500 watts used for 1.30 hrs.
1 no × 1500 watts × 1.30 hrs/day = 1,950WHr
= 1.95 KWHr = 1.95 units.
4.10
= 3.21 Rs/day.
7.31
4.1
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cost in Rs/day
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & Electricity for heating purpose.
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7 8
Comparison between Use of Solar Energy & Electricity for heating
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• Solar cooker
1. It utilizes the available solar energy and uses it for cooking food.
2. It is highly energy efficient and as solar cooker does not consume
any conventional fuel or electrical Energy, it saves fossil fuels,
wood, electricity etc. which are otherwise required to cook the
food.
Calculations:
Cost of solar cooker:
(For 5 person family)
o Price of solar cooker = 7,200/- (Parabolic Type)
o Price of solar cooker = 2,100/- (Conventional Type)
o Total = 9,300/-
Having 25 year life.
Total amount of expenditure = 9,300+25×12%×9,300
= 37,200/-
Total cost / day = (37,200) / (25×365)
= 4.07 Rs/day.
LPG Gas:
Cooking gas required = 1cylinder for 2 month.
Total saving = 6.78 - 4.07
= 2.71 Rs/day.
Saving in percentage% = 40%
0 1
Use of LPG
Use of Solar Cooker
Comparison between Solar Cooker & LPG for cooking purpose.
Cooking gas required = 1cylinder for 2 month.
= 407 Rs / 60 days
= 6.78 Rs/day.
4.07
71 Rs/day.
Saving in percentage% = 40%
6.78
4.07
2 3 4 5 6
Cost in Rs/day
Comparison between Solar Cooker & LPG for cooking purpose.
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6 7 8
Comparison between Solar Cooker & LPG for cooking purpose.
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Alternate option for cooking:
• Utilization of Bio-gas:
1. Producing the Bio-gas from the human, animal, vegetable waste
materials can serve an option for using LPG &etc for household
application. 2. Biogas energy is fueled by burning methane produced by the
decomposition of organic wastes. 3. It is widely use for cooking purpose in domestic regions. 4. Use of Bio-gas helps the house to become energy efficient.
5. It is a clean, easily controlled source of renewable energy.
6. It uses up methane, a powerful greenhouse gas.
7. It reduces pathogen (disease agent) levels in the waste.
8. The residue provides valuable organic fertilizer.
9. Simple to build and operate. Low maintenance requirements.
10. Can be efficiently used to run cooking, heating, gas lighting,
absorption refrigerators and gas powered engines.
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• Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
1. Photovoltaic’s is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the
atomic level. 2. Solar Home Application System (SHAS) helps to meet the need of
lighting and electricity for Radio, TV, for communication (internet,
mobile phone).
3. From experience learned SHAS is more advantageous than candles,
flashlights, kerosene lamp and car battery system.
Calculation:
For 5 Persons using 5 tubes & 3 fans.
Initial cost of PV generation = 33500+25×12%× 33500
= 1, 34, 000 Rs.
Total cost/day = (134000)/ (365×25)
= 14.68 Rs/day
Electricity consumption for above same system by using electricity.
5 tubes of 50watts each used for 10 hrs
5 no × 50 watts × 10hrs = 2500 WHr
=2.5 KWHr. = 2.5 units.
3 Fan of 40watts each used for 15hrs
3 no × 40watts × 15hrs = 1800WHr
= 1.8 KWHr. = 1.8 units.
Total units = 4.3 units
Rate / unit = 3.75 Rs
= 3.75×4.3
= 16.12 Rs
Total saving = 16.12-14.68
= 1.44 Rs/day.
Saving in % = 9%
13.5 14
Use of Electricity
Use of Solar PV cell
Comparision between Solar PV cell & Electricity for lighting purpose.
Electricity consumption for above same system by using electricity.
5 tubes of 50watts each used for 10 hrs
5 no × 50 watts × 10hrs = 2500 WHr
=2.5 KWHr. = 2.5 units.
watts each used for 15hrs
3 no × 40watts × 15hrs = 1800WHr
= 1.8 KWHr. = 1.8 units.
16.12
14.68
14 14.5 15 15.5 16
Cost in Rs/day
Comparision between Solar PV cell & Electricity for lighting purpose.
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16.5
Comparision between Solar PV cell & Electricity for lighting purpose.
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• Earth tunnel for better indoor air quality
We have used Earth air tunnel for saving the load on the
cooling appliances. Soil temperature, at a depth of about 12 feet or more, stays
fairly constant throughout the year, and is approximately equal to the average
annual ambient air temperature. The ground can, therefore, be used as a heat sink
for cooling in the summer and as a heat source for heating in the winter.
1) A simple method of using this concept is to pass air through an underground
air tunnel. The air thus cooled or heated can be used directly for the
conditioned space or indirectly with air conditioners or heat pumps.
2) This system can maintain the temperature at 28° C inside the room.
3) Firstly the flow of air is stopped with the help of an obstacle (wind catcher).
The obstacle is provided on the base ground.
4) An opening is provided in the ground i.e. tunnel through which the air has to
pass inside the house or premises.
5) The trapped air moves inside the tunnel and as it moves further it gives the
heat to the underground soil.
6) This causes the air entering the space to become cooler than the normal.
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Savings:
1. Low Energy: 1/3rd of the conventional AC system’s power requirement.
2. Better indoor air quality.
3. 100% fresh air circulation in the home/premises.
4. Min of 28°C can be maintained during peak summer.
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• Use of Sky Light
We have 2 set of windows located on the walls of the kitchen,
hall & bedroom for natural light. Due to exact amount of skylight area
provided, no lights are required in the day time. These skylights give enough
brightness in the respective areas.
Skylights provide up to 30% more natural light than vertical windows, and they
can make a small space seem larger.
The windows used for this purpose may be “A double glazed: type for more
efficiency.
1. Skylights can be installed in nearly any room in the house, and are
particularly popular in kitchens and baths where natural light and ventilation
is welcome and a window isn't always practical or possible.
2. In addition to filling your home with natural light and providing a source of
passive natural ventilation, high-quality skylights are Energy Star qualified.
3. Dual pane, argon gas injected glass helps keep heat out in the summer and
inside in the winter. The glass also filters ultraviolet sunlight that could fade
furnishings inside the home.
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• Double glazed windows
We used all windows of double glazes type, in
kitchen hall, bedrooms. It reduced the load on the cooling systems of the house
i.e. air conditioners and coolers. Due to which saving in the electricity bill is
seen.
1. Double glazed windows are simply two panes of glass with a space in
between them. The space between the windows is very well insulated so that
little or no air can leak between the panes of glass.
2. There is also often a desiccant between the panes to absorb stray moisture
and to stop fog from forming. Windows can be clear or covered with a tinted
or reflective coating
.
Use of double glazed Window
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Double glazed Window Construction
3. Double glazed window panes have a great insulation property. They are
actually two windows in one separated by thin layer of air.
4. They allow light to enter into the room like a normal windows, but stop heat
to go in or out. The trapped air works as an insulator and you feel cool
inside room.
5. Using double glaze windows saves you money on power consumption. Since
your room can escape unwanted heat, you may avoid spending on air
conditioner or air cooler. This is a big saving for life time.
6. You will find double glazing windows reducing energy usage, consumption
and monthly fees throughout your life.
7. If you add up all these savings, you will see how your investment is paid
back after some years.
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Argon Gas filled Double Glazed Units:
1. The introduction of gas into the cavity of a double glazed unit reduces the
heat conductance between the panes, helping to keep more heat in during the
winter and out in the summer.
2. As a result living and working conditions become more comfortable the
whole year round.
3. Apart from its heat insulation properties, Argon is non-toxic, sunlight stable,
non corrosive, colourless and odourless.
1. It’s a simple idea. “Save water, use it later
2. People around the world have been
years, but the concept is now experiencing a revival in light of water scarcity
problems that are caused by global climate disruption.
3. The rainwater that falls on the surface/ roof top is guided to
pits or new/ old/ abandoned wells through small diameter pipes to recharge
the underground water which can be used later whenever required.
4. The collected water can then be used for watering lawns, washing cars,
flushing the toilet or whatever else you
Calculation:
We have a flat terrace area of 100 sq.m.
The average annual rainfall is 250mm,
water on the terrace floor to a height of 250mm.
Area of the terrace = 100 sq.m
Height of the rainfall = 250mm (025 m)
Volume of Rainfall = 100×0.25
= 25cu.m.
• Rain Water Harvesting:
Save water, use it later”.
People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for thousands of
years, but the concept is now experiencing a revival in light of water scarcity
problems that are caused by global climate disruption.
The rainwater that falls on the surface/ roof top is guided to
pits or new/ old/ abandoned wells through small diameter pipes to recharge
the underground water which can be used later whenever required.
The collected water can then be used for watering lawns, washing cars,
flushing the toilet or whatever else you can think of.
We have a flat terrace area of 100 sq.m.
average annual rainfall is 250mm, and then in one year, there will be rain
water on the terrace floor to a height of 250mm.
Area of the terrace = 100 sq.m.
0mm (025 m)
Volume of Rainfall = 100×0.25
= 25cu.m.
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for thousands of
years, but the concept is now experiencing a revival in light of water scarcity
The rainwater that falls on the surface/ roof top is guided to bore wells or
pits or new/ old/ abandoned wells through small diameter pipes to recharge
the underground water which can be used later whenever required.
The collected water can then be used for watering lawns, washing cars,
in one year, there will be rain
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=25000 lit.
Assuming that only 80% of the total rainfall is effectively harvest,
Volume of water harvested = 25000×0.8
= 20,000 liters/year.
A family of 5 utilizes about 60 gallons of water per day i.e. it uses 6,804 liters of
water/month.
Hence the harvested water is utilized for 3 months period for house hold use.
Saving of Energy: To lift ground water, one meter rise in water level saves about
0.40 kWh of electricity.
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• Landscaping:
1. Landscaping is an important element in altering the microclimate of a place.
2. Proper landscaping reduces direct sun from striking and heating up building
surface.
3. It prevents reflected light carving heat into a building from the ground or
other surface.
4. We have planted trees and plants on 300sq.ft area around the house.
5. The advantage that we get from it is that, the shades created by the trees and
the effect of grass and shrubs reduce the air temperature adjoining the
building and provide evaporative cooling.
6. The trees are grown more on the south and south west side to pull in south-
west breeze for maximum utilization of wind.
7. This helps to keep better Indoor air quality.
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Alternate option for Landscaping:
In case the area available for construction is
surrounded by buildings and the flow of air or area for landscaping is not
sufficient, then there is an optional method given below,
• Wall & Roof/Floor insulation:
1. A well-insulated structure does not gain or lose heat as quickly as a poorly-
insulated one, so it is easier to maintain a comfortable temperature.
2. The retention of conditioned air lowers the demand on your heating and/or
cooling systems. This reduces operating costs and extends the life of your
heating and/or cooling system.
3. More than half the heat lost in a typical home escapes by the walls or the
roof.
4. Insulating your home is the first step to help to reduce your energy costs and
in most cases is an economically justified home improvement.
ü Wall Insulation:
A third of all heat lost in an un-insulated home is through
the walls. Houses built after the 1920’s have a high chance of containing cavity
walls. This is where the external walls are made of two layers and have a gap in
the middle. To insulate the wall we would fill the gap between the two layers.
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ü Roof/Floor Insulation:
A quarter of your heat is lost through an un-insulated
roof/floor. Insulating your roof/floor will reduce CO2 emissions: one of the
biggest causes of climate change as less energy is being used.
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• Grey Water Recycling
Waste water from the toilets is called Black Water;
waste water from all other uses like Kitchen, laundry, bathing, Wash basin etc is
called as Grey Water.
There are 5 occupants living in the house which create grey water and should be
reused.
On an average the grey water created by the house is 50 gallons/day which could
be reused.
Processing & Utilization of Grey water for various applications.
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Water Sources Possible Uses
Fresh water
Ground & Surface
Drinking, Cooking,
Bathing
Grey Water
Bathing, Cloth washing,
Utensils Cleaning
Toilet cleaning, irrigation,
Floor washing etc
Black Water
Toilet, Urinal
No use in majority of the
case and requires
extensive treatment.
Description Quantity of water Grey water generation
(LITRES/PERSON/DAY)
Bathing
Washing of clothes
Flushing of W.C
Washing the floor
Washing of utensils
Cooking
Drinking
12-18
8-12
5-10
2-5
3-5
5
5
12-18
8-12
-
-
3-5
-
-
Total 40-60 23-35
The total grey water generation in the house = 35lit×5persons
=175 lit/day.
After grey water treatment approximately we saved = 150-155 lit/day.
We utilized this treated grey water for:
1. Landscaping: Gardening and planting.
2. Toilet flush water.
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ENERGY COMPARISON
SR.NO
APPLICATIONS
NORMAL
HOME
ENERGY
EFFICIENT
HOME
% SAVING
1
WATER HEATING
6.78 Rs/day
4.10 Rs/day
40%
2
COOKING
6.78 Rs/day
4.07 Rs/day
40%
3
RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
- 20000
Liters/ year
SAVING
4
GREY WATER
RECYCLING
- 175 Liters/
day
SAVING
5
ELECTRICITY(Fans
& Tubes)
16.12 Rs/day
14.68 Rs/day
9%
6
NATURAL INDOOR
AIR QUALITY
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
BETTER
INDDOR AIR
QUALITY
7
SKY LIGHT,
DOUBLE GLAZED
WINDOW
LESS
CONTROL
MORE
CONTROL
MORE
NATURAL
LIGHTING AND
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
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E-SAVING PROGRAM
• Lighting System
1. One of the best energy-saving devices is the light switch. Turn off lights
when not required.
2. Fluorescent tube lights and CFLs convert electricity to visible light up to 5
times more efficiently than ordinary bulbs and thus save about 70% of
electricity for the same lighting levels.
3. Use electronic chokes in place of conventional copper chokes.
• Fans
1. Replace conventional regulators with electronic regulators for ceiling fans.
2. Install exhaust fans at a higher elevation than ceiling fans.
• Room Air Conditioners: 1. Use ceiling or table fan as first line of defense against summer heat, for
instance, cost Ceiling fans about 30 paisa an hour to operate - much less
than air conditioners (Rs.10.00 per hour).
2. Use 5-star A.C. which is advance in good heat exchanging capacity
rather than using 0star AC.
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3. Prefer air conditioners having automatic temperature cut off.
• Computers: 1. Turn off your home office equipment when not in use. A computer that
runs 24 hours a day, for instance, uses - more power than an energy-
efficient refrigerator.
2. If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor; this device alone
uses more than half the system's energy.
• Washing machines:
1. Always wash only with full loads.
2. Use optimal quantity of water.
3. Prefer natural drying over electric dryers
• Electronic Devices:
1. Do not switch on the power when TV and Audio Systems are not in use
i.e. idle operation leads to an energy loss of 10 watts/device.