CHAMC, Inc. Representative office in Morocco315 Wilkins Dr. Ms. Dina KandilDes Plaines, IL 60016 Lot Yacout, IMM 5, Appt. 3U.S.A. Hay Chmaou, 11160, SaleTel: +1 847 390 6020 Rabat, MoroccoEmail: info@CHAMCO.net Tel: +21 265 385 6782www.CHAMCO.net Email: Dina@CHAMCO.net

Energy, Utility & Agriculture Development Proposalfor

The Government of Morocco

Municipal Sold Waste Gasification Syn-Gas Electricity

Compost Fertilizer Solar & Wind

Geo-Vision Exploration for Water and Desalination Water

Sewer Bio-Gas Electricity

Sea Water Algae Bio-Fuel

Waste Used Tire Fuel

1

Introduction:

This is an ambitious project to convert approximately 5,000 Tons or more of MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) per day in major Cities of Morocco into Briquettes andCompost.Using briquettes to produce synthetic gas (Syn-Gas) and generate electricity or fertilizer.

Morocco produces more than 15,000 Tons of MSW. The process of generating electricityand producing fertilizer at “First Phase” of the “Grand Project” is done in three stages:

1- Making Briquettes; by sorting, drying, mixing, shredding and extruding MSW.

2- Gasification ; or thermal cracking of fuel (briquettes) at a high temp. of 1050deg. C to1100deg. C in the minimal presence of Oxygen to produce Synthesis Gas or Syn-Gas(Syn-Gas with a composition of CO- 40%, H2- 30%, CH4- 11%, CO2-6 to 8%,N2-8 to 10% has Caloric value of 1800 Kilo Calories /cubic meter. The Caloric value ofNatural Gas is more than twice of Syn-Gas).

3a- Electric Generation; by injecting Syn-Gas directly into gas engine generator, whichhas been modified exclusively by us to work with Syn-Gas.

3b- Fertilizer; by processing Syn-Gas

3c- Solar & Wind Farms; if economical will be installed.

While the “First Phase” of the project, which is generating electricity and producingfertilizer is in progress, an extensive research will be done for the following enhancedprojects for preparing a roadmap for the Grand Project:

a) Exploration for water, gold and minerals, employing our unique technology ofGeo-Vision

b) Water Desalination, “Manipulated Reverse Osmosis Desalination System” to usewater resources, either salty or seawater or the well-water for irrigation and evendrinking water

c) Bio-Gas production from sewer in small villagesd) Desert Farming Developmentse) Algae production and turning that into Bio-Fuelf) Production of fuel from waste used tires

In every facet of this proposal our priorities are conservation of energy and environment,while looking ahead into twenty first century advance technologies, which could make abetter life for the people of Morocco.

Turning all those waste lands into farms, forest and greenery, after the execution of theGrand project is not a dream.It will be done!

2

Scope of Work in the first phase:

In this proposal, MSW first will be sorted. The constructional waste, ferrous &nonferrous wastes, glass pieces & other noncombustible ingredients will be separated.

Sorting machine with atomized conveyor & magnetic separators will be installed beforesubjecting the biomass to RDF Briquetting machines.

The gasification unites coupled with 4.4 MW generators requires approximately 100Tons per day briquettes, which is derived from approximately 150 Tons of MSW.If MSW is dry and rich, then the excess briquettes, with caloric value of 3,000 Caloriesper Kg. could be stored or switched to produce compost and fertilizer.For 50 MW power plant, around 1,800 Tons of MSW per day is needed.

The rest of MSW, which is around 3,200 Tons could be converted to compost or makingfertilizer through gasification.60 Tons of fertilizer could be produced from 200 Tons of MSW.

3

Project Cost (first phase):

The total cost of the first phase of the Grand Project including: Sorting and BriquetteMaking Facilities, Gasification and Power Plants, Composting and Fertilizer Plants isapproximately $750,000,000 (Seven hundred fifty million US Dollars)

That is:The cost of 50 MW power plant using 1800 T/D MSW as fuel will be:Approximately $250,000,000 (five million US Dollars per MW)

The cost of converting 3,200 Tons of MSW into compost and briquettes will be:Approximately $100,000,000 (one hundred million US Dollars)

The cost for gasification plants for 800 T/D Briquettes will be:Approximately $150,000,000 (one hundred fifty million US Dollars)

The cost of fertilizer plant to produce 180 Tons of fertilizer per day will be:Approximately $250,000,000 (two hundred fifty million US Dollars)

Total:Approximate cost of the first phase of the project is:$750,000,000 (seven hundred fifty million US Dollars)

Project Timeline:

Following land acquisition, obtaining all permits, contacting with all local authorities,and award of contract, the following timeline is to be expected:

Financing 3-4 monthsAgricultural research 3-4 monthsSite assessment and engineering 3-4 months (according to the specific conditions

encountered)Procurement 5-8 months (according to the specific units required)Installation of the units 6-9 months (according to conditions on the ground)Commissioning 3-5 months (according to the type of units specified)

After synchronization in the commissioning phase, there will be a 3-month operationalphase with CHAMCO technicians on location to handle training and operational detailsthat may arise.Total time from award of contract to completed system is 17-26 months depending uponconditions encountered on the ground.

4

Facility Process Overview:

MSW will arrive at the MSW processing facility location around the city. Thisfacility can be located either at the generation facility or another location remotefrom the generation facility.

Garbage will be dried and sorted. Recycling can be done at this stage.Garbage will be sized and processed into RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel).The RDF will be used at Gasification units to produce Syngas.Syngas will be injected into modified natural gas generators to produce electricity.Syngas will be used to produce fertilizer.Compost production starts prior to electric generation and producing fertilizer.

Cost Benefit Analysis:

We provide a system to convert solid waste to electric energy, fertilizer and compost.The main considerations are:

1. Effective use of the landfill for real estate values2. Environmentally sound disposal of the waste3. Employment of local population4. Production of electricity5. Production of Compost and Fertilizer6. Production of water7. Planting trees

The Power Plant will be located where the transmission line and substations are. Thislocation might be different from the MSW dumpsite, where briquettes are produced. Inthat case transporting briquettes to the power plant will be done by others.

Landfill sites can become prime real estate in the long term for commercial, civic, orresidential use. This fact alone may generate enough capital to more than pay for powergeneration, depending on location.

If unattended, the long-term effects of landfill sites are harmful gases that pollute the air,the danger of leakage into the underground water tables, and a potential setting forbreeding diseases of all types.

Turning the Southern & Eastern Morocco Deserts into forest using the country’s wastesand untouchable resources is the ultimate goal of this proposal, which nobody canestimate its benefits for the future children’s of Morocco.

The 50 MW power plant will be a multiple of 4.4 MW power plants, either installed atone location or multiple locations throughout Morocco. Therefore for installation costanalysis we use one of these 4.4 MW plant.

5

Project Income for one unit of 4.4 MW:

A – “Power Purchase Agreement” (PPA) for electricity, which the national grid pays tothe owner of the plant. For calculation purposes we will use 10 cents per kilowatt hour(KWH), which is the aproximate price of electricity in Morocco.

Assume that the PPA for 4.4 MW of electrical power generation at a fixed price is $0.10per KWH.Sale of electricity =4.4 MW(net power generation) x 1000 x 24 (hours) x 365 (days) x $0.10 x0.85(Efficiency Factor) = $3,276,240 gross income from power generation annually.

B - Tipping Fee: Municipalities pay the plant operators/owners a tipping fee for each Tonthat they receive and handle per day. The average tipping fee is around $40 per Ton in theUS. Tipping Fee is nothing in Morocco, but we will assume a tipping fee of $20 per Ton:Tipping Fee = 150 (T/D) x $20 (per Ton) x 365 Days = $1,095,000 Annually.

D - Real Estate income could be calculated by pricing 80% of the present area of thelandfill. After this project, landfill will be converted to parks and property for residentialand industrial developments. This benefit and income is also ignored at this time.

Electric Generation Costs:

A - Plant Turnkey Cost for this pilot plant in Morocco includes Engineering,Procurement Contracting, Insurance, Marketing and Commission etc.

Cost of 4.4 MW Power Project: $22,000,000

For example, a plant in South China, which converts 1000 Tons per day and generates 20MW, has cost the Chinese more than $86m (Documented from the web). But the last costestimate at 2005 was $120m. That is around $6 Million per MWTherefore the most conservative cost estimate of a 4.4 MW power project in Moroccowould be $26,400,000. CHAMCO quotes: $22,000,000.

B – Adding coal or any other auxiliary fuel to the RDF. Adding 10 to 15% coal to theMSW Briquettes if the price of coal is low, could increase efficiency of the gasificationunits. This option should be considered in the future.

C - Operation & Labor Cost. For this project of 4.4 MW power plants and RDF plant, awork force of about 6 technical and 14 non-technical workers are estimated.Assuming $80,000 per technical and $40,000 per non-technical works, the approximatelabor costs will be: 6 x $80,000 + 14 x $40,000 = $1,040,000

CHAMCO proposes to build a facility to process 150 Tons of garbage per day andgenerate 4.4 MW by using RDF. The total estimated cost is $22,000,000.

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Summary for small investment in a pilot MSW/E Plant:

Assume 10 years Return On Investment for Electric Plants (ROI)Cost of facilities $22,000,000Income from PPA $3,276,240Income from tipping fee $1,095,000Labor costs $1,040,000Maintenance costs $140,000ROI =22,000,000/(3,276,240 +1,095,000 –1,040,000 –140,000)

~ 7 years

Return of investment for production of Compost and Fertilizerdepends on the negotiated prices in Morocco.

Return of investment for Geo-Vision Exploration depends on thenegotiated prices in Morocco.

Return of investment for Water Desalination depends on thenegotiated prices in Morocco.

Return of investment for Irrigation and Planting Trees depends onthe negotiated prices in Morocco.

Return of investment for Algae to Bio-Fuel depends on the negotiatedprices in Morocco.

Return of investment for Bio-Gas Production depends on thenegotiated prices in Morocco.

Return of investment for production of Fuel from Waste Tiersdepends on the negotiated prices in Morocco.

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Municipal Solid Waste Conversion to RDF

CHAMCO, Inc.

The Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) should be sorted first into recyclable andcombustible components.

This is a typical sorting facility and Briquette making plant. The Bioreactor is used ifcomposting.

Depending on the conditions of the MSW, if the moisture is high, it should be dried.The combustible component of the MSW is turned into RDF (Refused Derived Fuel)pellet by shredding, crushing, electromagnetic separations.

Furthermore if chemicals are needed to be added in the process for specific conditions,then the unit is modified accordingly.

8

Pictures of few equipments are shown here:

The final product is shown here. This has a caloric value of 3,000 Calories per Kg, whichis the fuel for Gasification unit:

9

Gasification

CHAMCO, Inc.

Gasification is a flexible, reliable, and clean energy technology that can turn a variety oflow-value feedstock’s into high-value products and can provide a clean alternative sourceof base load electricity.

Gasification has been reliably used on a commercial scale worldwide for more than 50years in the refining, fertilizer, and chemical industries, and for more than 35 years in theelectric power industry.

GASIFIERS- (Pyrolyzers) are receiving backing & subsidies from various Governmentsthe world over. They utilize any type of biomass including MSW, coal, waste wood,sawdust, furniture scraps, bagasse, rice husk, coconut shells, poultry litter, plastic, rubber,tires, or any other combustible material.

Ultra clean gas is fed into the engines with the help of a microprocessor based, oil to gasconversion system. When a load is activated the dual-fuel mode of operation of theengine will start automatically at 85% gas and 15% furnace oil, for a short duration thenreverts back to 100% gas mode when the load becomes constant.

The exhaust emissions of the engine can be used for a Waste Heat Recovery Boiler.800 Kg Steam at 7kg. Pressure per hr. can be obtained. This excess heat can be put to usefor other thermal applications.

In the updraft gasifier, moist biomass fuel is fed at the top and descends though gasesrising through the reactor. In the upper zone a drying process occurs, below whichpyrolysis is taking place. Following this, the material passes through a reduction zone(gasification) and in the zone above the grate an oxidation process is carried out(combustion).

In a coal gasification our coal gasifier consumes 418 Kg coal with 6000 Kcal/Kg caloricvalue to produce 1 MWH. Therefore:1 MW coal gasification power plant requires 10 Tons of coal / day.Since the caloric value of MSW Briquettes is about 3000 Kcal/Kg, therefore:4.4 MW MSW gasification power plant needs about 100 Tons of MSW Briquettes / day.We assume this 100 Tons of briquettes will be derived from more than 150 Tons MSW inthe proposed site at Morocco.

10

Gasification Operation:

To supply air for the combustion process and steam for the gasification process,moist hot air is supplied at the bottom of the reactor. Combustible gas at a lowtemperature (because of the evaporation of moisture in the drying zone) isdischarged at the top of the reactor, and inert ash from the heat-generatingcombustion process is extracted from the reactor bottom through a water lock.

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Breakdown of the price for a 4.4 MW Gasification power plant using MSW as Fuel

Part A:

Basic and Detailed EngineeringShipping to the siteStorage at siteMobilizationCivil WorksMechanical Works (including structure & piping)Electrical and InstrumentationTestsCommissioningTraining and operation for three monthsSpare PartsfinancingNote: Import Duties, Insurances and Taxes are not included.

Total Cost for Part A: $5,000,000

Part B (Turning Garbage around 150 T/D into Briquettes):

4-man sorting system: 25' long x 36" wide picking table with four 16"x60" chutes with52" clearance for gaylords or dumpsters. Walkway is 23' long x 33" wide with steps.Powered by 1-hp three-phase electric motor. Equipped with 20' x 36" in feed conveyor.

Permanent Crossbelt Magnet

WWR CBS permanent crossbelt magnet powered by a 3/4-hp three-phase 220/480 voltselectric motor. Belt is made of heavy-duty rubber with cleats spaced according toapplication. Maximum belt speed is 155 FPM.74" long x 18" belt surface, 44" long x 16"wide magnet. Ideal for recycling operations and widely used in the sorting of co-mingle(steel cans, bottle caps, etc).

18' Incline Conveyor

This covered conveyor is 18'-6" long and is powered by a 3-hp, 208-230-460 volt, three-phase electric motor. It is equipped with a 25" belt, with 2" cleats on 24" centers. Theenclosure above the belt is 24" high x 28" wide.

Eidal Model 72 X 41 slow speed-high torque shredder,

12

Equipped with at KYB 525S hydraulic pack with Dennison pumps and a powered bytwo (2) 75 hp, 230/460 V 3 phase electric motors. Throat opening is 72" wide X 41" deepwith a hopper opening of 92" X 76", 24 3 inch knives and controls.

Eidal Model 400 Vertical Grinder

This grinder is powered by two (2) 200-hp, 460 volts, three-phase electric motors and is6' in diameter. Hopper opening is 82" tall x 70" wide. Can process 12-25 TPH of wet ordry solid waste, wood & damage material, pallets, and electronics, scrap metal clips up to3/16" thickness, tin cans, and non-ferrous metal. Reduction size can be varied to suitmaterial or end user without screens or grates through progressive grinding.

Surge Bins

Heavy 10 gauge steel construction, Sight Glasses, Drain Tube, and Hinged Top AccessDoor, with openings for High and Low Level sensors, High Legs for Discharge, singleor tube outlets, slide gates, level sensors, safety ladders & top perimeter hand rails andmore.

Andritz Sprout Bauer Pellet mill

The pellet mill includes: Stainless steel pelleting chamber door 2 roll roller assembly1 used pelleting die 400 HP Motor, Heavy duty pellet chamber on motorized frame foreasy accessSeparate inlet screws achieving effective distribution of product to the press rolls, SafetystopTaper fit die Renewable wear ringsNote: All the equipments of Briquette Plant are assembled and made in USA.

Total Cost for Part B: $4,500,000

Part C (Gasification Unit)

Air Blower with a 12.5 KW motorAsh Pan with manual / automatic circular movement by hydraulic Pump with 3.5KWmotorGasified Reactor w. refractory w. an over pressure release valveRefractory & a double wall for Water & steam Jacket, Steam safety release valve. Freshwater circulation by a 3.5 KW mono-block pump set.Hopper for charging of fuel at the top.Motorized Conveyor Bucket with channels for upward & downward motion for chargingof fuel. 2.25KW motor.Staircase with Platform for inspection.Venturi type Cyclone Filters with 3.5 KW. Mono-block Pump set for water circulation

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Four Pipe filters with showers for cooling of Gas & washing of Particulate impurities ofProducer Gas. With 3.5 KW mono-block Pump set for water circulation.Four Stage Dust & Tar Separators- outlet pipe & a valve fitted in bottom for Tar removal.Over pressure release valve fitted in each D & T separatorWater Tank- Common for all filters & Dust & Tar separators. Solid impurities removedas sediments. Water is re-circulated in cooling towerCooling Tower fitted with 3.5 KW mono block Pump set for water circulationDe-moisturizer for Producer Gas with a 3.5 KW Pump set for water circulation overcondenserHumidity Analyzer to check moisture contentGas temperature meterGas flow meter with totalizerGas ControllerNote: The Gasification equipments are mainly from India and could be assembled in theUS if needed.

Total Cost for Part C: $7,000,000

Part D (Generating Unit)

Engine, modified & converted for Producer Gas mode of operation with microprocessorcontrolled actuator type GovernorsMounting frame for Alternator & EngineOn-line Gas Analyzer with sampling system

List of Auxiliaries with the Engine in power plantS.n Part Name Qty

Heat Exchanger tube type 1Lube Oil Cooler- tube type 1Lube Oil 4-way Motorized filter 1Lube Oil Line Filter 1Lube oil Magnet Filter 1Lube oil Separator MAPX205 Clarifier, MAB-103 Centrifugal Purifier 1Lube oil drain pump 2.5”x2.5”, 3HP gear type 1Lube Oil Priming Pump 4”x4” 29 HO (Gear Type) 7.5 H.p. 1Lube oil Main pump either inbuilt or separate. 1Rocker lube oil tank with gauge glass- 100 Ltr. Capacity 1Rocker Arm lube oil motorized, gear type pump 2.5”x2.5”, 5 H.P 1Raw water Pumpset- 6”x6”(150KL/hr) with 10 H.P. motor 1Jacket water pump set- 6”x6”(150 KL/hr) with 10 H.P. motor 1Make-up Water filling pump- Drain to Main Tank: 2.5”x2.5”, 5 H.P.Mono-block pump set

1

Cooling Tower- 150 KL capacity 1Air Starting valve 2

14

Air Compressor-32kg/cm with 10H.P. motor 1Air Bottle / tank with a capacity of 25 cu.mt. 1

Electrical:Engine Control PanelControl Panel for Purifier & HFO heatingControl Panel for motorized auxiliaries of EngineElectrical Control Panel with AVR System & output at VCBCable + Lugs, Control Panel Wire(Teflon Coated) etcList of emergency Spares in General with the Power Plantsubject to increase or decrease. Specifically they would depend on the Engine availableS.no Part Name Qty.a. Turbo Charger 1b. Head Complete with Rocker Arm 2c. Piston 2d. Liner 2e. Ring Set 16f. Main Bearing 2g. C.R. Bearing 2h. Thrust Bearing 1i. Main Bearing Housing + Cap 2k. Fuel Pump 6l. Connecting Rod 1m. High Pressure Pipe 4n. Safety Valve 4Consumables:- ‘O’ Rings, Iron Packing, Iron Channels

Note: The Generation equipments are Caterpillar of the USA. Gasification and Briquettecomponents are partly from India and will be assembled in Morocco.

Total Cost for Part D: $5,500,000

Total Cost of the equipments (B+C+D): $17,000,000

Grand Total Cost 4.4 MW Power Plant using garbage as fuel exclusive of financing:$22,000,000 (Twenty two million US Dollars)

15

Drawings for gasification in the next few pages:

Chamco Tribal Corp.

Chamco Tribal Corp.

MSW Conversion to Compost & Fertilizer

CHAMCO, Inc.Compost and fertilizer are made in two ways:A- Compact unit for small scale production as per following schematic.

B- Conventional way, using the modern equipments and technology.MSW sorted into three separate components:

1- The energy components such as plastic, paper, wood and other biomass suitable forgasification are sent for gasification.

plastic paper wood biomass Briquette

Separation and crushing

2- Non energy components such as glass, metal and hazardous wastes, these componentswill be sent for recycling or safe dumping.

glass metal Aluminum

3- The organic components will be turned into compost in a traditional way.

Fertilizer from Municipal Solid Waste

This fertilizer is also of the highest quality.It is a nitrogen based fertilizer that can be customized and formulated to anyspecific agriculture and horticulture needs.These time release fertilizers have obvious advantages over regularmultipurpose fertilizers currently being marketed.

Water Supply: Well-Water & Desalination

CHAMCO, Inc.

Before planting trees, where compost is added to the top soil, water must be available for

irrigation. Water will be supplied either by drilling well or by desalination plants.

A- Well Water:

CHAMCO will use GeoVision technology looking for under ground water:

Collecting data from the area using satellite survey pictures or scans from aircraft

traveling at low speed using Geo-SCAN

The final stage produces well drilling recommendations:

.www.gvdetection.com

GEO VISION, INC.

Geological Direct Detection Services Company

1910 Browning Court

Highland Park, Illinois 60035

B- Desalination Water:

CHAMCO will use a new technology, where the original breakthrough in the

“Manipulated Reverse Osmosis” technique has been made by Professor Adel Sharif at the

University of Surry, England.

This is a typical plant installed in Oman

Professor Adel Sharif, winner of “The Queen's Anniversary Prize”, the most prestigious

honour open to a UK university, has many other inventions, which will be used in our

project in Iraq.

Modern Water Company founded by Dr. Sharif, proving plant in Gibraltar, the first of its

kind in the world to use the company’s manipulated osmosis desalination technology,

began supplying water directly into Gibraltar’s potable water distribution system in early

May 2009. The water has been thoroughly quality tested by the client and verified by a

third-party expert as suitable for public supply.

Dr Adel Sharif

Director of the Centre for Osmosis Research and Applications

School of Engineering, University of Surrey

Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.

Bio Fuel from Algae

CHAMCO, Inc.

We need sun, CO2 and water

Harvesting algae

For every small village in Morocco,we propose to convert their sewer into biogas

===============================================================Biogas is a fuel gas made from biomass such as faeces, food waste, grass and straw etc.during the anaerobic fermentation process.

Biogas contains about 55% - 70% methane (CH4), and some carbon dioxide, some water,some hydrogen some carbon monoxide and some hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

The heat value of biogas is 5142 Kcal/m3

Conditions needed for biogas production are:1- Strict absence of Oxygen.2- Temperature between 8 – 65 Deg. C. Higher the temperature the more active methanebacteria, and the higher biogas production.3- Neutral or slightly Alkaline environment, a pH value between 6.8 and 7.5

For a 10 m3 biogas plant to keep a 5 m3/d biogas production, 150 kg cow dung or 110 kgpig dung is needed daily.The liquid from biogas plant can be recycled.Biogas residue are good organic fertilizers.Raw material needed to produce 1 cubic meter biogas:

Cow Manure 5.26 kg dry = 30.96 kg freshChicken Manure 4 kg dry = 13.34 kg freshHuman Manure 3.33 kg dry = 16.67 kg fresh

1

Chamco, IncTire Pyrolysis Plant Producing “Tire Oil”:

The semi-continuous pyrolysis system is to increase functions of shredding system,automatic feeding, automatic slag on the basis of basic style pyrolysis oil system.It can save the heating material and save the operation time for each batch.Highly increased the batch pyrolysis efficiency.Capacity 24Tons/day.The pyrolysis method for recycling of used tires is an innovation technique that uses aspecial mechanism to heat the used tires in a closed stove to melt down the tier into thematerials that they were made of.

Layout:

Planting Trees and Irrigation

CHAMCO, Inc.Before starting this agricultural task, a survey of the area is needed and experts who havedone similar projects will be employed.

Two methods, so far, have been found, which successfully planted trees in Australia,Egypt, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia.

A- DriWater Method:

s

Step by Step Instructions

1. Water thoroughly before applying DriWater2. Carefully cut the bottom off the Quart carton, where indicated, exposing the

DriWater Gel. Place plant in hole and install the Quart as shown.3. The bottom of the Quart should be directly against the root mass. When using

multiple Quarts, place at equal distances around the plant. Backfill the hole withsoil.

4. Water plant thoroughly.

B- The Permaculture Method:

The Al-Baydha project, South of Makkah is a prototype of what can be done:

The Al Baydha Project in Saudi Arabia aims to help rehabilitate a large area of land,roughly 35 x 20kms (700km2 in total) containing 9 villages of Bedouin people who havebeen settled for 20-30 years in very basic conditions. The main mission is to develop asustainable design demonstration system for how they can develop their villages andmanage their environment.

Here are few trees, which are researched for this project:

The chain fruit cholla looks as much like a tree in thedesert as a cactus possibly can. It has a central trunk from which sprout many spiny"branches".

The desert ironwood only grows in the washes andvalleys of the Sonoran Desert below 2,500 foot elevation. The Sonoran Desert is locatedin southwestern Arizona, southern California, and the northwestern part of Mexico. TheSonoran desert is known as a hot, dry desert.

The unusual Joshua Tree grows in the protective setting ofthe Joshua Tree National Park in California and in the Joshua Forest Parkway in westernArizona. The Joshua Tree is the largest of the yuccas and grows only in the MojaveDesert. The Joshua Tree's height varies from 15 to 40 feet and has a diameter of 1 to 3feet. The Joshua tree has a lifespan of about 200 years.

The mongongo tree grows in great groves on the crests of sanddunes in Africa’s Kalahari desert. The tree is immune to drought as its roots tap thefreshwater table of the sands. Some common names for this tree are manketti tree,mongongo nut and featherweight tree.