energy storage roadmap - technology and · pdf file11/14/2017 · storage...

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Energy Storage Roadmap

- Technology and Institution -

Innovation for Cool Earth Forum (ICEF) Roadmap Launch Event

Japan Pavilion, UNFCCC/COP23, Bonn, Germany

November 14, 2017

Atsushi Kurosawa

The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), JAPAN

ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, UNFCCC/COP23, Bonn Germany, November 14, 2017

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1. Energy System Transformation and Energy Storage

2. Energy Storage Roadmap

- Technology and Institution

3. Summaries

Outline


Current Global Energy System (in 2014)

3 ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, UNFCCC/COP23, Bonn Germany, November 14, 2017

Source: Created by the Institute of Applied Energy from the data in ETP 2017, IEA (2017)

Fossil fuel supply

dominant

Transport fueled

by oil products

Low share of

renewable in

power supply

Energy System Transformation in 2060 - 2 degree scenario


High share of

renewables in

total supply and

power supply

High share of

electricity and

biofuel in

transport

Cannot be

achieved without

energy storage

technology

innovation

Source: Created by the Institute of Applied Energy from the data in ETP 2017, IEA (2017)


Why Energy Storage? Roadmap Rationale

ICEF concept pursues long term net-zero emissions through innovation. To assist

the transformation, energy storage will work as one of important enabling

technologies.

Energy storage technology can enhance energy system flexibility. It fills the gap

between electricity and/or heat supply-demand in terms of time and/or space.

Benefits of storage technologies

Improving resource use efficiency

Integrating high level variable renewable resources

End-use sector electrification especially in transport

Supporting production of energy where it is consumed

Increasing energy access

Improving electricity grid stability, flexibility, reliability, and resilience.

Low-carbon supply

Energy storage in demand Low-carbon demand

Energy storage in supply Transformation toward net-

zero emissions

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Energy Storage Demand Current Power Storage Capacity

159GW of energy storage are deployed in 2015. 96% is pumped storage hydropower.

For stationary energy storage, it is estimated that 1,365GW are deployed in 2060 in 2DS scenario, while 1,589GW in B2DS scenario.

For mobility battery, it is estimated that about 28TWh are deployed in 2060 in 2DS scenario, while about 62TWh in B2DS scenario.

(Source: ETP2017, IEA)

-100

100

300

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

RTS 2DS B2DS

GW

2015

2030

2045

2060

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

2010 2015 2030 2045 2060 2015 2030 2045 2060

2DS B2DSG

Wh

All othersectors

EV batteries

Stationary Energy Storage Capacity Battery Storage Capacity (Source: ETP2017, IEA)

RTS： Reference Technology Scenario

2DS： 2 degree C Scenario

B2DS： Beyond 2 degree C Scenario

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Stationary Energy Storage


Variable renewable power (VRP) share and storage requirement in

power system with technology choices

Total storage capacity

Small

Large

VRP share Small Large

Discharge

duration

Season

Week

Day

Hour

Minute

Second

Unit

scale

Large

Small

Storage alternative (The order varies depending on

technology readiness and region-specific conditions

including power system design policy.)

Dispatchable power supply

Curtailment of VRP output

Demand side adjustment

Transmission network enhancement

Consolidation of balancing areas

Energy carrier conversion

(Source: The Institute of Applied Energy)

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Mobility Energy Storage


Powertrain choice

Electric vehicles

Energy stored in battery, low-carbon carriers (electricity)

Current issues in transportation electrification

Driving range, heavy weight, space utility

Specific power, energy density, specific energy

Charging time

High power charging

- safety concern of high voltage

- broad conductor for large current

Battery replacement

Road Electrification?

Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Vehicle

Cost reduction?

Vehicle to grid?

Stationary use of used battery?

(Source: IEA, Technology Roadmap EV/PHEV, original source-SAFT )

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Energy Storage Roadmaps - Survey International organizations, national/local governments, industrial associations, etc.


太陽光、風力等

Stationary Electric Energy

Storage (for Power System)

Photovoltaics etc.

Lighting

Water heating

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Energy Storage Technologies Focused on Three Energy Storage Technology Categories


Air conditioning

Stationary Thermal

Storage System

Mobility Electric Energy

Storage (for Transportation)

District heating accumulation

tower of Theiss, Austria

(source: Wikipedia)

EV station

(source: San Diego Gas & Electric ) Energy storage technologies

(Source: IEA, Technology Roadmap Energy Storage)

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Energy Storage for Power System – Technology Status


Technology Order of

Capacity

(MWh)

Cycle

Efficiency

(%)

Energy

Density

（Wh/l）

Initial

Investment Cost

(USD/kWh)

Initial

Investment Cost

(USD/kW)

Maturity* Discharge Time

Sec. Min. Hr. Day Month

/Season

PSH 100-1,000 50-85 0.1-0.2 250-430 500-4,600 H

CAES** 10-1,000 27-70 2-6 60-130 500-1,500 H

LAES 10-1,000 55-85 N.A. 260-530 900-1,900 M-H

Power to

Hydrogen

10-1,000 22-50 600*** 440-870**** 500-750 M-H

Battery 0.1-100 75-95 20-400 290-2,000 300-3,500 M-H

SMES 0.1-10 90-95 6 700,000 130-520 L-M

Flywheel 0.1 90-95 20-80 7,800-8,800 130-500 M

Capacitor 0.1 90-95 10-20 1,000 130-520 M

(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources Stationary Electric Energy Storage

PSH： Pumped-Storage Hydropower

CAES： Compressed Air Energy Storage

LAES： Liquid Air Energy Storage

SMES： Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

(notes) * L:Low M:Medium H:High

** Underground Cavern Storage Case

*** 600bar Compressed H2 Case

**** Hydrogen Production Facility Only

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Mobility Energy Storage & Thermal Storage – Technology Status


(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources

Technology Capacity

(kWh)

Driving Range

(km)

Battery Pack

Cost

(USD/kWh)

Energy

Density*

（Wh/kg）

Life

（Cycles）

Battery Type

HEV, PHEV Battery 5-12 25-68 500-600 70-80 2,000-4,000 Nickel-Metal Hydride

Lithium Ion

EV Battery

11-40** 120-400* 300-400 100-150 500-1,000 Lithium Ion

Mobility Electric Energy Storage

* Battery Pack based Energy Density

** Some EVs employ higher capacity batteries to secure longer cursing distance .

Technology Efficiency (%) Initial Investment Cost

(USD/kW)

Maturity* Application

Ice Storage 75-90 6,000-15,000 H Low temperature application

Pit Storage 50-90 100-300 M Medium temperature application

Underground

Storage

50-90 3,400-4,500 M Long-term Storage

（Seasonal Storage)

Molten Salt 40-93 400-700 L-M High temperature applications

Thermochemical 80-99** 1,000-3,000 L Low, Medium, High temp. applications

(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources Stationary Thermal Storage

* L: Low Ｍ: Medium

H: High

** Material based Efficiency

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Roadmap for Stationary Electric Energy Storage Technologies


Compressed Air Energy Storage Plant Overview

(Source: presentation material of Institute of Electrical

Engineers of Japan (IEEJ))

We thank NEDO for supporting the project.

PSH Market Diffusion Support

Market Diffusion Support

Batt

ery

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040


Li Ion

Market Diffusion Support Demonstration

CAES Control Optimization / Demonstration


LAES System Optimization / Scaled-up Plant Demonstration Market Diffusion Support

Power to X* System Demonstration

Redox Flow

NaS

Next Generation Battery (Next Generation Li Ion & Others) Cell/Module System Development

SMES Cooling technology Improvement / Cost Reduction Demonstration Market Diffusion Support

Flywheel Reduction of Frictional Losses / Cost Reduction Demonstration Market Diffusion Support

Capacitor Demonstration Market Diffusion Support High Surface Area Carbon Material Development / Cost Reduction


Material Developments / Optimization

Market Diffusion Support Cost Reduction System Developments / Optimization

Cost Reduction Market Diffusion Support

PCS** Post Si Device & Module Development Market Diffusion Support

PSH： Pumped-Storage Hydropower

CAES： Compressed Air Energy Storage

LAES： Liquid Air Energy Storage

SMES： Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

* Conversion to Hydrogen is the initial step

toward X in most cases.

** PCS: Power Conditioning System

：Matured, diffusion through mass production

：Technology R&D



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Roadmap for Mobility Electric Energy Storage Technologies


Lithium Ion Battery

New materials Development / Optimization Market Diffusion Support

Cell/Module System Development

EV Technology

PHEV Target

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040


：Technology R&D


Energy Density: Battery System Cost＊:

250Wh/kg $180/kWh

Energy Density: Battery System Cost:

250Wh/kg <$180/kWh

EV Target

Cell Material

Mass Production New Process Establishment / Cell Design Optimization


Post Lithium Ion Battery

All-solid-state Lithium Battery Market Diffusion Support

Demonstration / Optimization

Metal Air Battery (M=Zn, Li, Mg, Al etc.)

Basic Research Cell Development

Demonstration Market Diffusion Support

500Wh/kg <$90/kWh

<$45/kWh

PCS Post Si Device & Module Development Market Diffusion Support

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Roadmap for Stationary Thermal Energy Storage Technologies


Pit Storage in Vojens, Denmark

(source: courtesy from Prof. Furbo, DTU)

Ice Storage Market Diffusion Support

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040


：Technology R&D


Pit Storage Demonstration

Underground Storage

System Optimization / System Evaluation


Molten Salt

Thermochemical Phase Change Material Development Demonstration Market Diffusion Support

Market Diffusion Support Material Developments / Optimization


Market Diffusion Support Market Diffusion Support

Public Support and Institution



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Stationary Thermal Energy Storage

Promotion of district heating system

Stationary Electric Energy Storage

Diversification of power transaction market

Power storage mandates

Deregulation of grid connection guideline

Provision of safety related guideline


Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEB) policies

Availability of charging infrastructure

Provision of safety related guideline

Research and development Financial incentives

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Summaries


Stationary Electric Energy Storage

Enabling technology for large share variable renewable power

Should be designed in flexibility technology portfolio

Market and institution to recover storage investment


Enabling technology for transportation electrification

Can work as stationary storage via grid connection

Issues remains in charging, high energy density material, etc.

Stationary Thermal Energy Storage

Can store renewable-based or environmental heat

Market creation - Different heat demand by regional conditions

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Way Forward


Welcome your comments and feedback to energy storage

roadmap on the website

energy storage roadmap - technology and · pdf file11/14/2017 · storage...

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