energy storage prof phil banfill urban energy research group [email protected]
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Energy storage Prof Phil Banfill Urban Energy Research Group [email protected] OCTES workshop, 31 st October 2012. Skills/Experience in retrofit and new build: Building simulation and modelling, including district and regional scale Climate projections - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Energy storage
Prof Phil BanfillUrban Energy Research [email protected] OCTES workshop, 31st October 2012
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Urban Energy Research Group
Skills/Experience in retrofit and new build:• Building simulation and modelling, including
district and regional scale• Climate projections• System and equipment integration• Energy monitoring and analysis / metering• Retrofit measures - domestic and non-
domestic• “Soft Landings” initiative - users and
commissioning• Life Cycle Assessment - environmental
impacts• Whole Life Costs• Thermal comfort• “Solar cities” initiative
£3.5m research project funding since 2004
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Energy storageAims to reduce energy consumption by smoothing
out the fluctuations – whether electrical or thermal energy
temp
time
Desired temp
Ambient temp
Heat surplus
Heat deficit
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Energy storageAims to reduce energy consumption by smoothing
out the fluctuations – whether electrical or thermal energy
temp
time
Desired temp
Ambient temp
Heat surplus
Heat deficit
Store this heat
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Exposed thermal mass smoothes fluctuations
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simple model: mass = storage
T
fabric losses
thermal storage
ventilation losses
internal gains:lights, appliances,
cooking,hot water, occupants
outside temperature
solar gains
inside temperature
Thanks to Paul Tuohy
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simple model: mass = storage
T
low thermal mass: surface temperature is responsive to solar
gains and heating
high thermal mass: surface temp less responsive to solar gains and heating
2 O c t o be r d a ys – low m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
s o la r g a in s
a ir te mp
2 O c t o be r d a ys – h ig h m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
He a t lo a d s
o u ts id e te mp
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simple model
T
fabric losses
thermal storage
ventilation losses
internal gains:lights, appliances,
cooking,hot water, occupants
outside temperature
solar gains
inside temperatureComfort?
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Comfort depends on Tsurface and Tair
T
from EIV
Passive House
Standard House
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simple model: mass = storage
T
low thermal mass: surface temperature is responsive to solar
gains and heating
high thermal mass: surface temperature less responsive to
solar gains and heating
2 days in October
2 O c t o be r d a ys – low m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
s o la r g a in s
a ir te mp
2 O c t o be r d a ys – h ig h m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
He a t lo a d s
o u ts id e te mp
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simple model: mass = storage
T
low thermal mass: surface temperature is responsive to solar
gains and heating
high thermal mass: surface temp less responsive to solar gains and heating
2 O c t o be r d a ys – low m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
s o la r g a in s
a ir te mp
2 O c t o be r d a ys – h ig h m as s
s u rf ac e te mp
He a t lo a d s
o u ts id e te mp
Better storage of solar and internal gains?
Faster response to heating system?
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Types of thermal storage Sensible heat – i.e. elevated temperature,
thermal mass Latent heat – by change of phase Chemical heat – by exo- or endo-thermic
chemical reactionsThe important parameter is the energy
density = heat change x density
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Energy density - materials Sensible heat
Stone, concrete etc 1.5-3.5 MJ/m3°C Water 4.15 MJ/m3°C
Latent heat Eutectic mixtures, salt hydrates, organics (incl.
waxes) up to 100 MJ/m3
Chemical heat Absorbents etc 100-200 MJ/m3°C
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Phase change materials
Phase change materials as room linings can make a difference
Wax impregnated gypsum wallboard
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Potential applications / systems Room linings – products already available
but issues of phase change temperature. Storage tanks = “heat batteries” but issues
of heat exchange, size, location.
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Conclusions Low thermal mass buildings respond faster
to heating and occupancy High thermal mass responds slower but
stores the internal gains Heat can be stored in various materials
with a range of efficiencies – significant amounts of material are needed for the effects to be worthwhile. Issues of cost.