energy storage as strategic reserve - oth regensburg · energy storage as strategic reserve and...

Energy storage as strategic reserve and synergies in existing infrastructures – a systematic view

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Sterner et al. FENES, OTH Regensburg (Technical University OAS Regensburg)

Strategic Contribution of Energy Storage to Energy Security and Internal Energy Market High Level Roundtable of EU DG Energy Bruxelles, Belgium 19 May 2015

Prof. Dr. Sterner, OTH.R, P. 2

1)  Definitions - Energy storage is more than we think

2)  Storage demand - Wind + PV become primary energy

3)  Storage infrastructure – using what is there

4)  Supply security - Building a „strategic renewable reserve“ using existing infrastructure

5)  Costs - Renewables + storage are feasible

Content


What is Energy Storage?

Coal piles

Thermal Storage

Pumped Hydro

... much more than batteries

Source: Sterner, Stadler, 2014, add. pictures


Definition Energy Storage

Source: Sterner, FENES, 2013

An energy storage unit is an energy system, consisting of 3 processes: 1) Charging 2) Storing 3) Discharging


Definition Sectoral Energy Storage

Source: Sterner, Stadler, 2014


Definition Cross-sectoral Energy Storage


! Requires new ways of energy market integration (barriers, flexibility markets)


Global task: substitute fossil stored energy Old system was mostly based on stored (solar) fossil energy



Linking of energy sectors enables multiple use of electricity Power has to be renewable – otherwise no CO2 mitigation

e-mobility



The storage problem is solved – technically Gas storage is unique with storage capacity



Without energy storage, todays systems won‘t work – neither the future energy systems

Why wind + solar become primary energy & storage is one main balancing option


Wind + PV show lowest cost at highest potential !! deal with fluctuations (Scenario Germany 2020)

Source: IWES, 2009 - 2011


We need flexibility options:

1.  Highly flexible power plants

2.  Power network

3.  Demand side management

4.  Storage

Short-term (hydro, batteries, heat storage) Long-term (hydro, gas network)

Wind & Solar will not make the transformation on it‘s own

! Power-to-Gas ! Gas storage Wind Solar



Energy storage is as important as energy transport Surplus power in Germany in 8 scenarios


Spacial Balancing (grid expansion)

Tem

pora

l Bal

anci

ng

(sto

rage

)


Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60Residuallast nach allen Verbrauchern und Lastmanagement und PSW (Meteo-Jahr 2007)

Monat

Res

idua

llast

(GW

)

Überschüsse: -110.9 TWh Defizite: 62.1 TWh Minimale Residuallast: -59.8 GW Maximale Residuallast 54.1 GW Defizite (Last > EE-Einspeisung)

Überschüsse (EE-Einspeisung > Last)

Power and energy Pumped hydro

Germany Gas storage

Germany 42 Mio. e-cars

(theory)

Resid

ual)Load))in)GW)

Pumped hydro Norway (theory)

Source: Klaus et al, 2010; Sterner, 2011

Federal environm. Agency‘s 100% renewable energy scenario !! Today‘s gas storage can bridge 3 – 4 month of no wind + PV

)))))


Renewables like wind + solar become primary energy – but how to transform + store them?

We need to built the „chargers“ for existing infrastructures

Example: Power-to-Gas


How does nature store energy for long periods of time?

Chemical energy (fossil, bio)

Efficiency: 1% to biofuel ! 0,5%

Core process: 1) splitting of water 2) hydrogen reacts with CO2

Source: Sterner et al, 2011


Power-to-Gas – The original Energy storage by coupling electricity and gas networks Technical copy of photosynthesis ! power fuel

Source: Sterner, 2009 Specht et al , 2010

Sterner, M. (2009): Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable energy systems. Limiting global warming by transforming energy systems. Kassel University, Dissertation. http://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/publi/abstract.php?978-3-89958-798-2


Power fuels overcome deficits of biofuels and e-mobility Almost no LUC, high acceptance, high range, high potentials

Source: IWES 2011, FNR 2011, DESTATIS 2011

Advantage of windfuels combined energy economy

and agriculture possible

Yields in t_gasoline_eq. / ha a


Power to-Gas / Power-to-X develop first in mobility & chemical industry !! required for decarbonisation

Estimation of future markets for Power-to-Gas in Germany in GW

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

min max min max min max

2023 2033 2050

Mobility

Chemical Industry

Power

Average power demand today (Germany)

Source: FENES for Agora, 2014


Energy storage enables energy transition, decarbonisation and energy security

Why we also need a storage transition and how to finance it


1970 / 80‘s: Energy crisis !! strategic fossil reserves 20xx: Energy transition !! strategic renewable reserves

Reserves = Storage Storage = Supply security

Fossil imports

Fossil imports

Source: IGU, 2014, own additions

kWh

€ exports

€ exports

€


Energy networks + storage bridges sources + demand



The energy transition requires a storage transition

Not sustainable but still available

Necessary for decarbonisation & supply security

"  using existing storage & transport infrastructure safes cost "  Charge: „chargers“ needed! Power-to-Heat, Power-to-Gas, PtX "  Store & Discharge: exist + expandable "  Suitable for gas, liquid fuels, heat

"  Interlinkage of energy sectors gives maximum benefit "  Design & merge separate energy markets respectively "  Remove barriers between sectors (double taxing etc.)

Source: Own compilation


Myth: „Green power is expensive“ Wind & PV cheaper than conventional power gen.

Power generation costs for new power plants in €-cent / kWh 2013

Source: Agora 2013, with data of EWI 2011 - 2013

Not included: storage costs External costs (disposal, CO2)

35 a Inflation neutral


EU imports primary energy for 400 Billion € every year,

esp. coal, oil & gas.

In 10 years, we „burn“ 4000 Bio. €

!  Invest this in renewables & infrastructure (networks + storage)

is an attractive investment

Fossil imports

€ exports


Example Germany: Return of invest 4 – 7 % until 2050 Storage is refinanced by cheap renewables & fuel savings

Source: Gerhardt et al., 2014 (www.herkulesprojekt.de)


Summary

" No energy system can do without storage – essential energy security

" Energy transition requires a storage transition

" Must for transition: interlinkage of sectors (power, gas, heat, transport) ! Merge energy markets via energy storage & transmission ! Power-to-X safes costs using existing storage + transp. infrastructure

" The storage problem is technically solved – global markets ahead

" Must for all storage: use of renewable power – for climate effect

" Without framework conditions no large scale development ! reduce import dependency by building “strategic renewable reserves” ! (cross) finance storage by CO2 funds, fossil fuel savings & renewables ! first of all: remove market barriers (control power, tax exemptions etc.)


Contact

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Sterner Research Center for Energy Networks and Energy Storage Technical University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Germany + 49 – (0) 941 – 943 9888 michael.sterner @ oth-regensburg.de www.othr.de/michael.sterner www.power-to-gas.de

Read on! 750 p. 450 fig.


Global technical potential of renewable electricity

!  Largest potential: wind & solar

!  Largest problem:

!  make it available for power, heat and transport

!  Storage: global challenge – global market

Source: Schmid, Sterner 2009


Power-to-Gas / Power-to-Liquid !! power fuels Interlinkage of energy sectors essential for energy security

1.  national long-term storage using existing infrastructure 2.  stable renewable power supply via back-up gas power plants 3.  CO2-neutral long distance mobility

Source: Sterner et al, 2011

energy storage as strategic reserve - oth regensburg · energy storage as strategic reserve and...

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