Minerals and Energy Resources

Prepared By : Prachi Surpaithankar Class X ‘B

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS MINERALS

Metallic Energy MineralsNon Metallic

e.g. Mica, limestoneSalt, Potash,marble, Sulphur,granite,Sandstone,etc.

CoalPetroleumNatural Gas

o Ferrous o Non Ferrouso Precious

We get metal from these minerals. Ores of iron ,copper , gold, silver, lead, aluminum , tin etc. are important examples of metallic minerals.

Metallic Minerals

These are those minerals which do not contain metals.

Coal , petroleum , mica, manganese etc. are some important non metallic minerals .

Coal & Minerals oil are also called energy minerals.

Non Metallic Minerals

MICA

MICA & It’s PropertiesMICA is Non metallic mineral . India is the

largest producer of MICA . It produce more than 60% of world’s mica.

It is made up of series of plates or leavesIt can be converted into thin sheetIt can be black, green, red , yellow or brown

Production of MicaMICA deposits are found in northern edge of

the chhottanagpur plateau . Koderma Gaya- Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand

is the leading producer.In Rajasthan the major mica producing area

is around Ajmer.Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also

an important producer in the country.

Rock Minerals - Limestone

Lime stone is associated with rocks composed of either calcium carbonate or magnesium, or mixture of these two. It is found in sedimentary rocks.

Lime stone used for a variety of purpose , It is basic input in Chemical ,Iron & Still industry

Production of Limestone:

Conservation of Minerals Minerals are considered backbone of an

economy .Most of the minerals are non renewable .so

there is an urgent need to conserve them .Measures to conserve the minerals :1.The minerals should be used in planned way .2. Wastage of minerals should be minimised.3.Modern technology should be used for

exploitation.4.Export of minerals should be minimised.5.We should encourage recycling of metals.

Energy Resources

The resources which are used for generating energy are known as energy resources.

Coal , petroleum ,uranium etc. some of the important energy resources.

Energy resources can be classified as conventional & Non conventional resources.

Conventional Sources of energy

Non Conventional sources of energy

These are non renewable sources of energy e.g. Coal & Petroleum

These are renewable sources of energy e.g. Solar & wind energy

These are going to last just for 100-200 years

These are going to last just forever

These cause air & water pollution

These do not cause any pollution

COAL

What is coal ??Cole is an inflammable organic substance,

composed mainly of hydrocarbons found in the form of sedimentary rocks & capable of being used as a fuel to supply heat & light.

About 67 % of the country ‘s requirement of power is met through coal.

It is main source of power generation in India.

Due to it’s high utility & source of energy it is often called

“ BLACK GOLD”

Varieties of Coal

Best quality of coal contains over 80% carbonVery hard & compactHas highest heating value Burn without smoke or sootFound only in Jammu & Kashmir

1.Anthracite Coal:

Varieties of Coal

Most widely used coal Contains 60%-80 % carbonIt is dense , compact & brittle It’s calorific value is very high High proportion of carbon & low moisture contentFound in Jharkhand, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal & MP

2.Bituminous Coal

Varieties of Coal

3.Lignite Coal

Known as brown coal contain 60 % carbonLower grade coal which is soft with high moistureColor varies from dark to black brownFound in Palna of Rajasthan,Neveli of Tamilnadu, Lakhimpur of Assam & some part of Jammu & Kashmir

Varieties of Coal

This is a first stage of transformation of wood into coalContain 50 % to 60 % carbonIt burns like wood, gives less heat, emits more smoke & leaves a lot of ash after burning

4.Peat Coal

Classification of Coal fields in India

The coal fields of India can be classified into two groups:

1.Gondwana coal fields2.Tertiary coal fields

Gondwana coal field :99 % of the production of coal in IndiaOf the 113 major coalfields found all over India80 are located in the rock systems of the lower

Gondwana ageThe Gondwana coal is said to be about 200

million years old It includes coking & non coking coalAreas- Damodar valley , Bokaro, Mahanadi

( MP , Orissa), part of Bihar, Wardha , Godavari ( Maharastra)

Tertiary Coal Fields : The tertiary rock system bears coal of

younger age which are only 55 million years old

The Coal generally has low carbon & high %of moisture & sulphur .

Important areas- parts of Assam, Meghalaya , Arunachal Pradesh , Nagaland , Himalayan foot hills.

Friends,

“COAL mining ruins the environment the burning is coal is not

environmental friendly ”

Please use renewable sources of power like Solar ,wind & tidal energy

“Save power”

Thank You ………..