ENERGY RESOURCES

• THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY REFERS TO THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE CHANGES.

• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ENERGY RESOURCES –

# RENEWABLE SOURCES

# NON RENEWABLE SOURCES

CRISIS: NOMADS WITH HOMES• 11 MILLION WOMEN IN INDIA EKE OUT

LIVING BY SELLING FIREWOOD.• IN AN AVERAGE VILLAGE WOMEN WALK

AVERAGE 1000 KM A YEAR TO COLLECT FIREWOOD.

• 47% OF ENERGY CONSUMED BY HOUSEHOLDS IS FIREWOOD.

• DUE TO POVERTY PEOPLE UNABLE TO SHIFT TO COSTLIER SOURCES OF ENERGY.

• COLLECTION OF WOODS PUT PRESSURE ON ENVIORMENT AND LEADS TO DEFORSTATION.

FROM WHERE WE GET THE ENERGY

ENERGY SOURCESNON RENEWABLE SOURCESOILCOAL NATURAL GASNUCLEAR

NON RENEWABLE TOTAL

RENEWABLE SOURCESBIOMASS (MAINLY WOOD)SOLAR,WIND,HYDRO AND GEOTHERMAL POWER

RENEWABLE TOTAL

TOTAL

% OF TOTAL ENERGY

32 21 23 6

82

11 7

18

100

SOURCES OF NON

RENEWABLE ENERGY

COAL

Coal is a solid, dark-colored, fossil fuel found in the deposits of sedimentary rocks. It is produced from the remains of ancient plants , club mosses, horse tails, seed-ferns, conifers that lived in swampy areas 400 million years ago.

Coal in India

• Third largest producer in the world.• Provides substantial amount of energy

needs.• About 67% of power generated in the

country is from coal fired boilers.• Total reserves of coal are estimated at

about 201.07 billion tonnes.• Coal deposits are found primarily in

eastern, central, southern parts of the country.

Coal mining: as a necessity• Necessity because required for

development of core infrastructure sectors like power, steel, cement etc.

• Required for development of rail and port infrastructure

• Need attention because require huge capital for setting up of coal washeries.

• Electricity generation depends primarily on coal.

Coal mining as a threat• Mining coal can be difficult and

dangerous. Strip mining destroys large areas of the landscape.

• Cause severe air pollution by emitting 36% of CO2 in the atmosphere.

• Can be a cause of several diseases like Pneumocniosis Asbestos-related diseases Lung cancer Impaired lung function

OIL

• India is self-sufficient in crude oil refining• Digboi Oil refinery is the oldest in the

world.• India's petroleum exports

Source: Indian Ministry of Petroleum 1997-98 2002-03 Rs.1,266 Cr. Rs. 8,219 Cr.• India is presently fourth largest consumer

of oil reserve in Asia.• It’s demand is expected to double so

domestic production must be increased.• Currently there are 1500 major oil fields in

operation

ADVANTAGES

• Crude oil is easier to get out of ground.

• Cheaper to transport.• Oil gas can be burnt directly.

                                                                                                                         

World's highest retail Petrol pump outlet (at 12, 001 ft. above sea level, at Leh)         

Disadvantages

Oil prices show fluctuations . Causes air pollution. Damage to ecosystem by CO2 emission,

global warming etc. Untold damage by major and minor spills

to oceans, coastal zones and marine life.

                                          

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF

ENERGY

NATURAL GAS•GASEOUS FOSSIL FUEL•PRIMARY CONSTITUENT IN METHANE.•THE SHORTEST AND LIGHTEST HYDROCARBON MOLECULE•ALSO ETHANE , PROPANE, BUTANE•PRIMERY MARKET SOURCE OF HILIUM

NATURAL GAS IN INDIA

• GOT ATTENTION AS A FUEL OF IMPORTANCE TWO DECADES BACK WHEN GOVT: FORMED GAIL TO LOOK AFTER DISTRIBUTION.

• INDIA HAS A HYDROCARBON VISION 2025 WHICH PREDICTS A HUGE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP AND EMPHASIS ON BRIDGING THE GAP.

BIO GAS• IT REFERS TO A GAS MADE FROM ANAEROBIC

DIGESTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL WASTE.

• IT IS GENERATED WHEN BACTERIA DEGRADES BIOLOGICAL METERIAL IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN.(ANAEROBIC DIGESTION)

• IT IS A MIXTURE OF METHANE AND CO

• IT IS USED FOR DIRECT COMBUSTION IN COOKING OR LIGHTING APPLICATION.

SOLAR ENERGYENERGY RECEIVED FROM SUN WHICH IS- PURE NON POLLUTING INEXHAUSTIBLE

IT COMES FROM THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTION CONSTANTLY TAKING PLACE IN SUN.

HINDERANCES IN USING SOLAR ENERGY

• EFFICIENT COLLECTION OF SOLAR ENERGY

• CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY INTO USABLE FORM.

• SOLAR ENERGY IS NOT RECEIVED WHEN THE SKY IS CLOUDY.

A SOLAR CELL

CASE OF SOLAR LANTERN

• INITIATIVE OF AUROVILLE RENEWABLE ENERGY (AuroRE).

• BASIC IDEA TO PROVIDE ENERGY AS A SERVICE WHILE PROMOTING RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY.

• STARTED BY HEMANT LAMBA AND CARRIED FORWARD IN CHENNAI BY ANANTH AND POORNIMA.

WIND ENERGY

• ENERGY GENERATED BY WIND FLOW.

• GLOBALLY 25000 MW OF ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY WIND FARMS.

• INDIA IS A EMERGING PLAYER.

NUCLEAR POWER

NUCLEAR CENTRES IN INDIA

NUCLEAR POWER :PROS AND CONS -

ADVANTAGES:• HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY CAN BE

GENERATED • FUEL SUPPLY WILL LAST FOR LONG• WILL BE ABLE TO MEET THE WORLD

ENERGY REQUIREMENT TO A CERTAIN EXTENT

DISADVANTAGES• THE NUCLEAR PLANTS GENERATE

DEADLY RADIOACTIVE WASTE

• THE PLANTS INITIAL COST IS VERY HIGH AND IN OPERATION ALSO LOT OF COMPLEXITIES – ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN QUESTION

CHERNOBYL CATASTROPHE

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER

• THE COST OF GENERATION IS LOW• THERE IS NO HARMFUL EMISSION• THE RESERVOIR CAN PROVIDE WATER FOR IRRIGATION• THE RESERVOIR CAN BE USED BE FOR FISHING AND PROVIDING

DRINKING WATER• CAN BE USED FOR IRRIGATION