energy resources: fossil fuels

8/3/2019 Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels

1/33

@dsshj @yijs

As" Mfi{mqh _" Siaax

Qgm{ms Ybhpishqx

[mqhmjm '[ybnmc( =15 ;;1

HBAHM


2/33

@dsshj @yijs> Ai`hbhqhdb d` Qils

Odmj

Chqylhbdys odmj 'mjsd omjjia sd`q odmj(> odmj qgmq cybs imshjxuhqg m sldfx `jmli xhijahbe {hqog d qm 'yc,chqylhbdy odmj( Mbqgmohqi> odmj qgmq odbqmhbs m jdu {ioibqmei d` pdjmqhji lmqqi

mba cybs uhqg m sldfijiss `jmli mba yc,mbqgsmohqi Jhebhqi> _d`q* cdubhsg,cjmof odmj hb ughog qiwqyi d` qgi dhehbmj

udda omb d`qib ci siib6 mba hq hs hbqiliahmx* hb aibshqx mba

mldybq d` omcdb* ciquiib {imq mba chqylhbdys odmjOyai dhj Lhwqyi d` gxadomcdbs {isibq hb bmqymj ybaiedyba

isipdhs hb qgi jh}yha {gmsi6 iodpimcji mq qx{homj mqlds{giho qil{imqyi mba {issyi

Phsodshqx hs :=;*;;; oibqh{dhsis mq isipdh odbahqhdbs 'iwqm,gimpx dhj mba bmqymj chqylib gmpi ghegi phsodshqx(

Bmqymj ems jh}yhas Iwhsq ms odbsqhqyibqs d` bmqymj ems Siodpiia hb si{mmqds* `hija `mohjhqhis d ems {doisshbe ybhqs Odl{dshqhdb hbojyais iqgmbi* {d{mbi* cyqmbi* {ibqmbi*

bmqymj emsdjhbi mba odbaibsmqi mba slmjj `moqhdb d`bdbgxadomcdbs


3/33

Bmqymj ems

[isibq hb emsidys {gmsi d hb sdjyqhdb hb qgi oyai dhj hb qgiybaiedyba isipdhs* cyq iodpimcji ms ems ybai qx{homjmqldsg{iho qil{imqyi mba {issyi odbahqhdbs

Dhj _gmji _iahlibqmx dofs uhqg gheg {d{dqhdb d` DL 'fideib( _xbqgiqho dhj d ems hs iodpiia qgdyeg gimqhbe mba {doisshbe

Bmqymj chqylib Hq hs ihqgi umwx d gma mba chqqji mba dooy ms bmqymj ms{gmjq

mjsd fbdub ms qm smba d dhj smba Gms pix gheg phsodshqx 'ibhogia uhqg gimpx ldjioyjis( Lhbia$dcqmhbia ihqgi ms mu chqylib d ms sxbqgiqho oyai dhj

Iwqm,gimpx dhj [iqdjiyl uhqg gheg phsodshqx '2=;*;;; oibqh{dhsis(

[imq sd`q dembho lmqihmj odbshsqhbe d` {mqhmjjx aiomxia {jmbq lmqqi

qdeiqgi uhqg ai{dshqia lhbimjs jmba uhqg ai{qg d` qgi {imq jmxi 23; ol m`qi amhbhbe d 2?;

ol ugib ybamhbia hs fbdub ms {imq jmba

@dsshj @yijs> Ai`hbhqhdb d` Qils'odbqa""(


4/33

@dsshj @yijs@dsshj `yijs mi `yba isdyois

Uijj aipijd{ia qiogbdjdehis mi mpmhjmcji `d

iw{jdhqhbe `dsshj `yijs qd {dayoi ibiex siphois odbpiqhbe hbqd pmhdys dqgi `dls d` ibiex mlijhdmqhbe i``ioqs d` `dsshj `yij ysi db ibphdblibq

@dsshj `yij ysi Liiq 7;) d` udjas ibiex biias 'qgilmj {dui {jmbqs*

om{qhpi {dui hb hbaysqx* sqiml eibimqhdb* qmbs{dqmqhdb @iia sqdof `d ogilhomjs mba {jmsqhos

@yij =8?5 =877

Odmj 19 }ymas 80 }ymas '?;)(

Dhj =3 }ymas =3= }ymas '?7)(

Bmqymj ems ? }ymas 09 }ymas '3;)(

Gxadijioqho : = }ymas 33 }ymas '5)(

byojim " =5 }ymas '9)(

Odbsyl{

qhdb {mqqibs d` `dsshj `yijs


5/33

[dcjils uhqg `dsshj `yijs

@hbhqi sy{{jx , mq qgi =877 mqis d` odbsyl{qhdb> odmj `d =9;;

xs6 dhj `d 0; xs6 mba bmqymj ems `d =3; xs Cybhbe d` `dsshj `yijs , ejdcmj* iehdbmj mba jdomj ibphdblibqmj

{dcjils , odmj odbqhcyqis 9;) d` _D3 mba ?;) d` BDw

[ipibqhbe ejdcmj umlhbe i}yhis

Sm{ha mba amsqho iayoqhdb hb `dsshj `yij odlcysqhdb

_gh`qhbe `dl odmj qd bmqymj ems Hboimsia i``hohibox d` `dsshj `yij ysi

Aipijd{libq d` bdb,`dsshj `yij ibiex sdyois

[ipibqhdb iehdbmj ibphdblibqmj {dcjils

Ysi d` jdu syj`y odmj

Ojimbhbe d` odmj qd ildpi syj`y y{qd ?;)

Hbnioqhbe jhli sqdbi hbqd qgi cdhji `ybmoi

@jyi ems soycchbe 'iayois i``hohibox , ?5) qd ?1)(

Jduihbe odlcysqhdb qil{imqyi

Omqmjxqho iayoqhdb 'cx lhwhbe BG?( d` BDw qd B3 & G3D

@dsshj @yijs 'odbqa""(


6/33

I``hohibox hboimsi hb qgilmj {dui {jmbqs Mqlds{giho `jyhah~ia cia odlcysqd [issyh~ia jyhah~ia cia odlcysqd mba ems qychbis

odlchbia oxoji Hbqiemqia odmj emsh`homqhdb odlchbia oxoji sxsqil '{dayoi

gxadeib mba ysi `yij oijj qiogbdjdex( Odeibimqhdb qm{{hbe sqiml `d gimqhbe {y{dsis

_ycsqhqyqhbe odmj uhqg bmqymj ems

Omb `mohjhqmqi slddqg qmbshqhdb `dl `dsshj `yij qiogbdjdehis qdbdb,`dsshj `yij qiogbdjdehis Ybipib ahsqhcyqhdb d` bmqymj ems isdyois 'sioyhqx mba sqmcjx

{hoia sdyois d` ibiex mi {i`iia( Bmqymj ems uhjj jmsq `d 99 xims mqgi qgmb =3; xims Bmqymj ems hs ldi iw{ibshpi qd {yogmsi qgmb odmj

_i}yisqihbe 'om{qyhbe mba ahs{dshbe( OD3 =;;; lhji3 `disq {i 9;; LU {jmbq d` ?1) i``hohibox Siodpix d` OD3 `dl ilhsshdbs mba sqdhbe hbqd aii{ doimbs d

ai{jiqia bmqymj ems isipdhs 'lmx lmfi ijioqhohqx odsqjhi mbaiodjdehomj hsfs qd doimbs(

Smqhdbhbe OD3 ilhsshdb iayoqhdb mldbe bmqhdbs 'Hbaysqhmj bmqhdbsuhqg =$? a {d{yjmqhdb odbqhcyqi 7;) d` qgi eiib gdysi emsis(

@dsshj @yijs 'odbqa""(


7/33

[djjyqmbq Bmqymj ems Dhj Odmj

Bhqdeib dwhais :1? :=13 :?98

_yj`y ahdwhai :;"? :1?; :5?=

[mqhoyjmqi lmqqi :3 :?0 :=???

Mh {djjyqhdb `dl odlcysqhdb d` `dsshj `yijs>Odl{mhsdb 'fe d` ilhsshdbs$QN ibiex(


8/33

Odmj mbmjxshs

[dwhlmqi mbmjxshs odboibia uhqg `hbahbe {ioibqmei d`ldhsqyi* pdjmqhji lmqqi* `hwia lmqqi mba msg

Gimqhbe qd =;9O mba lmhbqmhbhbe `d dbi gdy `d fbduhbeldhsqyi {ioibqmei

Gimqhbe hb m odpiia oyohcji mba gimqhbe qd ?9;O mbalmhbqmhbhbe `d 5 lhbyqis `d fbduhbe pdjmqhji lmqqi {ioibqmei

Gimqhbe hb m ybodpiia oyohcji qd 53;O mba lmhbqmhbhbe ybqhjodbsqmbq uihegq hs imogia

Yjqhlmqi mbmjxshs `hbahbe ogilhomj ijilibq odl{dshqhdb

Iw{issia ms {ioibqmei d` omcdb 'O(* gxadeib 'G(* dwxeib'D(* bhqdeib'B(* syj`y '_(* ldhsqyi 'L( mba msg 'M(

Dhj mbmjxshs

Lhwqyi d` gxadomcdb odl{dybas '{mm``hbs* hsd{mm``hbs*oxojd{mm``hbs mba mdlmqho odl{dybas( `i}yibqjx odbqmhbhbebhqdeib* dwxeib mba syj`y6 mba ipib ldhsqyi mba siahlibq

Yjqhlmqi mbmjxshs> Omcdb 7?,75)6 gxadeib ==,=0)6 dwxeib

;,5)6 bhqdeib ;,5) mba syj`y ;,1)"

[d{iqhis d` @dsshj @yijs


9/33

Odmj {d{iqhis _uijjhbe hbaiw> ai{ibahbe db ugiqgi odmj m`qi ijimsi d`

pdjmqhji lmqqi ciodlis sd`q mba {msqx d bdq odmjs miomqiedh~ia ms omfhbe odmjs 'odmjs uhqg jdu suijjhbe hbaiw( mba`ii cybhbe odmjs 'odmjs uhqg gheg suijjhbe hbaiw(

Ehbamchjhqx hbaiw> hbpisijx ijmqia qd qgi {dui i}yhia `dehbahbe qgi odmj `d sqmbama odmj hq hs qmfib ms =;;

Uimqgimchjhqx> oylcjhbe {d{iqx d` odmj db sqdof{hjhbe

Msg sd`qibhbe qil{imqyi

Dhj {d{iqhis

_{ioh`ho emphqx Phsodshqx

[dy {dhbq> qgi jduisq qil{imqyi mq ughog dhj uhjj `jdu ybaisqmbama {issyi odbahqhdbs

@jmsg {dhbq> qgi jduisq qil{imqyi mq ughog dhj omb ci hebhqia

[d{iqhis d` @dsshj @yijs 'odbqa""(


10/33

Gimqhbe pmjyi

Omb ci iw{issia db ms ioihpia cmshs* ax cmshs d msg `ii

ax cmshs Gimq qmbs`i ayi qd odl{jiqi odlcysqhdb mba oddjhbe d` qgi

{dayoqs d` odlcysqhdb qd qgi qil{imqyi d` odmj mba mh

Cdlc omjdhliqi hs il{jdxia

Iw{issia ihqgi ms ghegi gimqhbe pmjyi 'GGP( d ms jduigimqhbe pmjyi 'JGP(

Hb GGP odbaibsmqhdb d` umqi pm{dy d` qgi odlcysqhdb emsishs mssylia

Hb JGP pm{dy odbaibsmqhdb bdq mssylia

JGP < GGP lmss d` G3D pm{dy w jmqibq gimq d` pm{dyh~mqhdb

Lmss d` umqi pm{dy < L 8G s{ioh`ho gylhahqx d` qgiodlcysqhdb mh w mldybq d` odlcysqhdb mh

Ayjdbe mba [iqhq `dlyjm `d GGP d` gheg mbfhbe odmj 'hbLN$fe(

??"7?O=11"19'G,D$7(8"?7_

O*G*D & _ mi hb `moqhdbs

@d jdui mbf odmjs qghs `dlyjm ybaiisqhlmqis qgi GGP

[d{iqhis d` @dsshj @yijs 'odbqa""(


11/33

@dsshj @yijs> Odmj_h~i d` qgi isdyoi cmsi hs bdq isqmhbhbe `moqd cyq qgi `djjduhbe>

Aipijd{libq d` {dayoqhdb `mohjhqhis mba hb`msqyoqyi'moodahbe qd =887 sypix(

Hbqibmqhdbmj* iehdbmj mba bmqhdbmj ibphdblibqmj {djhohismoodahbe qd 3;;= sypix(

Odmj sy{{jhis 3?) d` qgi qdqmj ejdcmj {hlmx ibiex ailmba

Qud lmnd ysis `d odmj , sqiij {dayoqhdb '5;) d` qgi sqiij{dayoia( , ijioqhohqx {dayoqhdb '?7) d` ejdcmj ijioqhohqx(

Odmj , ldsq omcdb hbqibshpi `yij d` `dsshj `yijs* mba YB@OOO'hbojyahbe Fxdqd {dqdodj( ailmbas

hl{dpia odmj qiogbdjdex mba i``hohibox

Om{qyhbe mba si}yisqihbe omcdb cx,{dayoqs

Omcdb si}yisqihbe qiogbdjdehisJhebhqi h jdu smbfhbe odmj mba mbqgsmohqi gheg smbf odmj ')

`hwia omscdb hbosimi mba ) pdjmqhji lmqqis aiosimi(

Mbqgsmohqi gm 70) `hwia omscdb , chqylhbdy odmj 10,70)'3;,1;) PL( , jhebhqi ?;) ldhqysi & gheg PL '{imq gmy{ qd 8;) ldhqysi(


12/33

[dpib iodpimcji Odmj Sisipis

Sisipis qgmq omb ci iodpiia ybai qgi {isibq mba iw{ioqiajdomj iodbdlho odbahqhdbs uhqg iwhsqhbe mpmhjmcji qiogbdjdehis

Odmj isipis sqmqys d` qgi udja mba hbahphaymj odybqhis ms db=888 hs ehpib hb sjhais,w & x

8;) d` qgi qdqmj isipis mi odboibqmqia hb =; odybqhis '89) d`chqylhbdys odmj mba 79) d` syc,chqylhbdys mba jhebhqi odmjs( ,H` {isibq iw{jdhqmqhdb mqi odbqhbyis omb jmsq `d 3;; xims

Chqylhbdys odmj isipis sqmqys gms sjhegqjx hboimsia 'cx 3)(ciquiib =880 mba =888 Cyq* syc,chqylhbdys mba jhebhqi odmjisipis gmpi aiojhbia cx =) mba ?) is{ioqhpijx

Odmj isipis sqmqys ogmbei gms dooyia hb 8 odybqhis> Mysqmjhm')(* Ombmam '3?)(* Gybemx 'isipis mi cdyegq adub qdmjldsq bhj(* Hbahm '=?)(* [djmba '07)(* Sdlmbhm 'syc,

chqylhbdys odmj hs iayoia qd ?9 lhjjhdb qdb 'Lq( `dl 7=; Lq*mba jhebhqi odmj qd =13= Lq `dl 37;; Lq(* _dyqg M`hom ',=;)(*Qyfix 'isipis d` syc,chqylhbdys mba jhebhqi odmjs gmpihboimsia cx qgii qhli(* mba Y_M '1)("

[dpib iodpimcji odmj isipis sh~i hs hb`jyiboia oiqmhbiwqmbidys `moqds 'jhlhqs mba isqhoqhdbs hl{dsia db odmj ysiomb m``ioq qgdyeg odmj {hois


13/33

Chqylhbdy odmj'hbojyahbe mbqgsmohqi(

_yc,chqy,lhbdy odmj

Jhebhqi Qdqmj odmj

M`shom 99*=5= =8? ? 99*?05 '0)(

Bdsqg mlishom =3;*333 =;3*?59 ?9*?08 395*800 '39)(

_dyqg mlishom 5*5?7 =?*78; =31 3=*593 '3"3)(Mhm =58*;1; ?7*077 ?1*97; 393*?;7 '39)(

Hbahm 73*?80 ,,,,,, 3*;;; 71*?80

Iysd{i ==3*980 ==8*=;8 7;*87= ?=3*070 '?;)(

Lhaaji imq =*5=; ,,,,,, ,,,,,, =*5=;Doimbhm 13*979 3*;10 ?7*;?? 73*001

Qdqmj udsja 9=8*;03 350*?;= =78*;8; 871*19?

[dpia iodpimcji odmj isipis ms db =888'hb lhjjhdb qdb(


14/33

Chqylhbdy odmj'hbojyahbe mbqgsmohqi( _yc,chqy,lhbdy odmj Jhebhqi Qdqmj odmj

M`shom 3?;*97= 01 ,,,,,, 3?;*019

Bdsqg mlishom 0;5*=01 ?71*3?7 77*338 =*;58*0?=

_dyqg mlishom 19*?7? 15; ,,,,,, 19*79?

Mhm =*17=*;71 ?;*?0; =98*;;1 =*05;*117

Hbahm 383*3;? ,,,,,, 33*3=3 ?=1*1=9

Iysd{i 13=*091 =;1*90? 17=*?15 =*;;5*901

Lhaaji imq =*9;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,, =*9;;

Doimbhm 33?*0?; =5*75; 00*;=; ?;5*9=;

Qdqmj udsja ?*;=;*880 9?5*909 581*98; 1*?1?*=9=

Odmj {dayoqhdb ayhbe =888 'hb qgdysmba qdbs(


15/33

Chqylhbdy odmj'hbojyahbe mbqgsmohqi( _yc,chqy,lhbdy odmj Jhebhqi Qdqmj odmj

M`shom =09*01; 3; ,,,,,, =09*00;

Bdsqg mlishom 915*8?= ?70*;08 70*7;; =*;3;*;;;

_dyqg mlishom 33*97; 5*90; ,,,,,, ?;*=1;

Mhm =*539*807 ?7*585 =97*=15 =*833*8=3

Hbahm ?;7*=0; ,,,,,, 33*3;; ??;*?0;

Iysd{i 95?*858 5=*59? 171*;30 =*=38*597

Lhaaji imq ==*?;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,, ==*?;;

Doimbhm 19*?39 =5*70; 00*;0; =38*319

Qdqmj udsja ?*;83*53? 933*;98 589*;?? 1*1;8*7=9

Odmj odbsyl{qhdb ayhbe =888 'hb qgdysmba qdbs(


16/33

Odmj siispi'hb lhjjhdb qdb( [sdayoqhdb'hb qgdymba qdb( Odly{qhdb'hb qgdymba qdb(

Y_M 318*881 885*;8; 815*1;;

Syhm =95*;=; 318*1;; 3?5*;;;

Oghbm ==1*9;; =*;?;*;;; =*;7;*;;;

Hbahm 71*?80 ?=1*1=9 ??;*?0;

Myqsmjhm 73*;8; ?;1*;;; =30*8;;

Eislmbx 00*;;; 3;=*573 335*7?9

_dyqg M`shom 18*93; 33?*9=; =9?*10;

[djmba 33*=0; =5=*;;; =18*7;;

Nm{mb 55? ?*8;0 =?5*;;;

Odmj isipis mba {dayoqhdb & {dayoqhdb _qmqyshb fix odybqhis ayhbe =888


17/33

@dsshj `yijs> Oyai Dhj Sisipis

[dpib iodpimcji isipis hs m axbmlho odboi{q mba ai{ibasdb

qiogbdjdehomj mapmbois qiogbhomj odsqs

[hois d` oyai

Qud qx{is d` isipis> jmba cmsia mba d``,sgdi

Mq qgi oyibq mqi d` {dayoqhdb qgi isipis jmsq `d 1; xims

Ciquiib =880,88 dhj isipis gmpi iayoia cx 3"5)* cyq M`hommba _dyqg Mlihom gmpi iw{ihiboia 1) hboimsi

_hboi =88; ahsodpiia isipis mi jissi qgmb dhj {dayoqhdb

Dbjx 03) ciquiib =88;,81

Dbjx 93) ciquiib =889,88

[dqibqhmj d` aii{ d``,sgdi isipis hs bdq xiq ojimjx fbdub Ai{qg d` {dayoqhdb ayhbe =857 ums ?;;l cyq hb =887 hq ums

=7;;l6 hb `yqyi hq lmx ed y{ qd ?;;;l

Si`hbhbe d` dhj

Jhegq `moqhdb> emsdjhbi* mphmqhdb `yij* fidsibi* JAD* G_A 'ghegs{iia ahisij(* gimpx ahisij dhj mba jychomqhdb dhj `d

qmbs{dqmqhdb* {duihbe lmoghbis mba ishaibqhmj ysis( Gimphi `moqhdb ms cdhji `yij mba hb ogilhomj {dayoqhdb


18/33

[dpib iodpimcjiisipis

[dayoqhdb Odbsyl{qhdb

M`hom =;*=33 ?97"8 ==?"5

Bdqg Mlihom 7*95? 0=8"8 =*;31"1

_dyqg Mlihom =?*?5; ??="= 3;8"1

Mshm 7*=7? ?89"; 757"?

Hbahm 019 ?0"5 58"0

Iyd{i 8*189 0?0"? 775"1

Lhaaji imsq 83*313 =;10"9 ?=0"0

Doimbhm 9;3 ?;"0 1="7

Qdqmj udja =13*175 ?1=7"0 ?15="0

Ejdcmj isipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbD` oyai dhj mba bmqymj jh}yha ems hb =888 'hb lhjjhdb qdbs(


19/33

Odybqx [dpib iodpimcji

isipis

[dayoqhdb Odbsyl{qhdb

Y_M ?*537 ?9?"7 588"5

Nm{mb 7 ;"0 3=0";

Oghbm 1*58? =0;"3 =77";

Sysshm 0*091 ?;1"7 =53"9

Fdimb i{ycjho ,,,,,, ,,,,,, =3;"?

Eilmbx 13 3"5 =;0"0

_myah Mmchm ?9*87? 1;8"0 =;9";

Hqmjx 0= 9"; 83"1

Ombmam 558 78"7 8;"7@mboi 3= ="5 71";

Ybhqia Fhbeadl 009 =?5"= 7?"3

Cm~hj =*=53 99"7 7?"3

Hbahm 019 ?0"5 58"0

Sisipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbd` oyai dhj mba bmqymj ems jh}yhas hb =888 'hb lhjjhdb qdbs(


20/33

Bmqymj Ems ms m Qmbshqhdb @yijCiomysi d` ojhlmqi ogmbei mba jdomj mh }ymjhqx {dcjils ui uhjj

ci ldphbe qduma jiss omcdb hbqibshpi ibiex sdyois

Bdb,omcdb ilhqqhbe ibiex sdyois Mpmhjmchjhqx d` qiogbdjdehis mba qgih odsq,i``ioqhpibiss udyja odbsqmhb

qghs ldpilibq

M ojimbi `dsshj `yij mba d``is mq jimsq {mqhmj sdjyqhdb qd ojhlmqiogmbei mba {dd mh }myjhqx

Dboi odbshaiia ms umsqi {dayoq d` dhj {dayoqhdb

@ii `dl msg mba ijimsis bd _[L mba jiss d` BDw mba _D3

Odlcysqhdb omb ci odl{jiqi mba {dayois jhqqji sldfi

Odbqmhbs pdjmqhji {mm``hbs 'liqgmbi qd {ibqmbi( gms gheg Gxadeibqd Omcdb mqhd , {dayois gheg mldybq d` umqi pm{dy

Gimq d` odlcysqhdb hs ??"9,1;LN$Bl? mba _E hs ;"0? d` mh

Ilhqs jissi }ymbqhqhis d` EGEs '3;) jissi qgmb dhj mba 9;)jissi qgmb odmj(

Ayhbe {doisshbe mba odl{isshbe qgi ems

Ayhbe qmbslhsshdb mba ahsqhcyqhdb ms `yehqhpi ilhsshdbs

Aijhcimqi cjdu,adub d ijimsi ayhbe lmhbqibmboi d{imqhdbs

Ayhbe amx,qd,amx d{imqhdbs ughji odlcysqhbe

B q j E Q hqh @ j


21/33

Omb {jmx mb hl{dqmbq ibiex qmbshqhdb dji

Omb chaei qgi oyibq `dsshj ibiex uhqg qgi `yqyi bdb,omcdb ilhqqhbe ibiumcji ibiex

Ogmjjibeis mssdohmqia uhqg bmqymj ems hbaysqx

Biia qd hboimsi i``hohibox

Odlchbia oxoji omb hboimsi i``hohibox `dl 1;) qd 7;)(

Ysi d` gxadeib `yij oijjs hb myqdldchjis 'bmqymj ems ombci sdyoi d` gxadeib mba liqgmbi ms gxadeib omhi(

Gmbajhbe d` moha ems eibimqia `dl sqh{{hbe d` bmqymjems 'qd dcqmhb lmfiqmcji ems(

omb ci ahs{dsia qgdyeg i,hbnioqhdb hbqd syhqmcji

ybaiedyba `dlmqhdb d ai{jiqia isipdh( Mapmboia mba ogim{ jh}yh`hia bmqymj ems qiogbdjdex hs

biiaia qd `mohjhqmqi qmbs{dq

dbjx 39) d` {dayoqhdb hs iw{dqia ms JBE hb =888

mcdyq 3;) d` qgi {dayoqhdb edis ybyqhjh~ia(

Bmqymj Ems ms Qmbshqhdb @yij'odbqa""(


22/33

Sisipis d` Bmqymj Ems

[dpib iodpimcji isipis mi mhshbe '5; qhjjhdb l? hb =87; mba

=9; qhjjhdb l? hb =888(

, Iwmoq sh~i d` isipis hs sqhjj bdq ojim

, Ciquiib =880 mba 88 isipis uibq y{ cx 3"7) '`d M`hom mba

Doimbhm qgi `heyis mi =?) mba ==) is{ioqhpijx(

, [dpib isipis mq oyibq d` {dayoqhdb omb jmsq `d 99 xims

, _qyax cx Hbqibmqhdbmj Ems Ybhdb sgduia isipis uhjj ci

mpmhjmcji `d 2 =;; xims

[dayoqhdb hs mjsd sqimahjx hboimshbe shboi =88; 'cx 1"=)

ciquiib =880 mba 88 mba qgi hboimsi hs iw{ioqia qd odbqhbyimba mooijimqi cixdba 3;;; MA

Qgii hs hboimsi hb odbsyl{qhdb s{iohmjjx hb qgi Mshm,{moh`ho

iehdb cx 0"=) '=;"8) hb Oghbm( mba M`homb odbqhbibq '8"=)(


23/33

[dpiaiodpimcji

isipis

Edss{dayoqhdb

Biq{dayoqhdb

Odbsyl{qhdb

M`hom ==*1;; 3?7"9 ==0"7 99"0

Bdqg Mlihom 5*81? 810"7 59;"9 519"5_dyqg Mlihom 0*388 =?0"5 7="8 58"1

Mshm =5*=;0 ?9;"9 ?;8"5 ?13"0

Hbahm 015 37"; =8"9 =8"9

Iyd{i 9?*993 808"0 8;5"1 895"=

Lhaaji Imsq 9?*30? 370"5 =8?"? =7;"1

Doimbhm =*8?8 13"0 ?5"0 35"9

Qdqmj udja =9=*9;3 3*85="1 3*?85"3 3*?77"?

Sisipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbd` bmqymj ems hb =888 'hb chjjhdb oycho liqis(


24/33

Odybqx [dpia

iodpimcjiisipis

Edss

{dayoqhdb

Biq

{dayoqhdb

Odbsyl{qhdb

Sysshm 15*5?; 988"8 978"5 ?77"5

Hmb 31*?;7 81"5 9?"; 99"9

]mqm =;*8;; ?="? 31"; =9"8

YMI 0*;;? 9;"? ?7"; ?="1_myah Mmchm 9*555 17"5 10"3 10"3

Y_M 1*51; 053"5 935"? 0=1"?

Mjeihm 1*933 =93"7 73"7 33"3

Pibi~yijm 1*=93 95"= 30"7 30"7

Bheihm ?*959 ?;"5 5"; 0"3

Hm} ?*==; 1"1 ?"3 ?"3

Hbahm 015 37"; =8"9 =8"9

Sisipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbd` bmqymj ems hb =888 'hb chjjhdb oycho liqis(


25/33

@dsshj @yijs> Dhj _gmji

Dhj _gmji> _iahlibqmx dofs odbqmhbhbe m gheg {d{dqhdb d`dembho lmqqi 'fideib( ughog omb ci iodpiia ms sxbqgiqhodhj d ems cx {doisshbe

ugib gimqia qd gheg qil{imqyi* fideib hs odbpiqia hbqd jh}yhamba {doisshbe d` qghs jh}yha isyjqs hb sxbqgiqho dhj 'dhj sy{ihdqd jdui emai dhj cyq hb`ihd qd ghegi emai dhj(

Qud qiogbh}yis `d dhj sgmji {dayoqhdb

Hb,shqy `moqyhbe mba gimqhbe qd dcqmhbhbe emsis mba jh}yhas `dl

qgi uijjs Lhbhbe dhj sgmji* qmbs{dqhbe qd qgi {doisshbe ybhq ugii hq hs

gimqia qd 19;dO `d {dayohbe sxbqgiqho dhj mba ems

Lhbia dhj sgmji hs mjsd ahioqjx cybq ms pix jdu emai gheg msgodbqibq `yij

[dcjils mssdohmqia uhqg dhj sgmji ms ibiex sdyoi {dayoqhdb ailmbas ibiex `d cjmsqhbe* qmbs{dq* oysghbe*

gimqhbe mba maahbe gxadeib

eibimqis gyei }ymbqhqhis d` umsqi qgmq i}yhis sm`i ahs{dsmj'mpimei xhija d` dhj `dl sgmji lmx ci =; qd =5; fe$qdb(

Dhj sgmji isipis mba hqs {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdb aiqmhjs misgdub db m si{mmqi sjhai


26/33

Odybqx [dpia iodpimcji

isipis

[dayoqhdb odbsyl{qhdb

Lddood 'M`hom( 9;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Y_M 'Bdqg Mlihom( 0;*;;;,7;*;;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Cm~hj '_dyqg Mlihom( ,,,,,, =89 ,,,,,,

Qgmhjmba 'Mshm( 7=; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Qyfix 'Mshm( 308 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Isqdbhm 'Iyd{i( ,,,,,, =9= ,,,,,,

Yfmhbi 'Iyd{i( ?;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,Hsmij 'Lhaaji Imsq( 0;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Ndamb 'Lhaaji Imsq( 1*;;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Mysqmjhm 'Doimbhm( =*539 9 ,,,,,,

[dpia iodpimcji isipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbDhj _gmji ayhbe =888 'hb lhjjhdb qdbs(

@dsshj @yijs> Bmqymj Chqylib mba


27/33

@dsshj @yijs> Bmqymj Chqylib mbaIwqm Gimpx Dhj

Bmqymj chqylib

Odl{hsis d` chqylib d dqgi {iqdjiyl odbsqhqyibqs mba gms pixgheg phsodshqx gmpi ijmqhpijx jiss d` jhegq ibas d` {iqdjiyl mba ibhogia uhqg

gimpx ldjioyjis lmx odbqmhb bdb,gxadomcdbs syog ms bhqdeib* syj`y* dwxeib

mba liqmjs syog ms bhofij mba pmbmahyl

Hq hs ihqgi umwx d gma mba chqqji mba dooy ms bmqymj ms{gmjqmjsd fbdub ms qm smba d dhj smbaBdq iodpimcji cx odbpibqhdbmj limbs* mba lhbia$dcqmhbia ihqgi

ms mu chqylib d ms sxbqgiqho oyai dhj

Iwqm,gimpx dhj

[iqdjiyl uhqg gheg phsodshqx '2=;*;;; oibqh{dhsis(

[dpib iodpimcji isipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdb d`bmqymj chqylib iwqm,gimpx dhj ayhbe =888 mi ehpib hb msi{mmqi sjhai


28/33

Odybqx [dpia iodpimcjiisipis

[dayoqhdb odbsyl{qhdb

Ombmam 'Bdqg Mlihom( 858 ?; ,,,,,,

Pibi~yjm '_dyqgMlihom(

?5? ?"? ,,,,,,

Sdlmbhm 'Iyd{i( = ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Ndamb 'Lhaaji Imsq( 9 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

[dpia iodpimcji isipis* {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdbBmqymj Chqylib ayhbe =888 'hb lhjjhdb qdbs(


29/33

@dsshj @yijs> [imq

[imq> sd`q dembho lmqihmj odbshsqhbe d` {mqhmjjx aiomxia {jmbqlmqqi qdeiqgi uhqg ai{dshqia lhbimjs"

[imqjmba> jmba uhqg ai{qg d` qgi {imq jmxi 23; ol m`qi amhbhbe d2?; ol ugib ybamhbia

[imq hs m sjdujx ibiuhbe sdyoi qgmq omb ci ysia cdqg ms `yij'ldsqjx ysia jdomjjx( mba ms liahyl `d {jmbq eduqg'gdqhoyjqymj {imq(

Hs {imq m chdlmss `yij d m `dsshj `yij mba sgdyja hq ciodbshaiia ms ibiumcji sdyoi d` ibiex

[imq jmba m`qi iw{jdhqmqhdb `d {imq hs ysymjjx ysia `dmehoyjqyi 'ughog si}yisqis omcdb(

[imqjmbas mi ysymjjx amhbia* sjmsgia* cybia mba ysia `dmehoyjqyi 'hoi oyjqhpmqhdb(

Gmpisqia {imq hbpdjpis amhbhbe d` qgi {imqjmba mba {doisshbe d`qgi gmpisqia hbqd qgi `djjduhbe qx{is d` {imq `yijs>

_da {imq 'sjmcs d` mh ahia {imq ldsqjx ysia ms gdysigdja `yij(

Lhjjia {imq 'ysia ms {dui sqmqhdb `yij d `d lmfhbech}yiqqis(

[imq ch}yiqqis 'ghegjx odl{issia cjdofs d` {imq ysia lmhbjxms gdysigdja `yij


30/33

@dsshj @yijs> [imq 'odbqa""(

Ibphdblibqmj odbsi}yibois d` iwqmoqhdb mba ysi d` {imq

Amhbmei `dl m {imqjmba hs jdmaia uhqg sys{ibaia sdjhas mba

byqhibqs mba omb odbqmlhbmqi sy`moi umqi cdahis Cybhbe {imq hs mssdohmqia uhqg qgi ilhsshdb d` _D3 mba BDw

mba d` omcdb '{imq gduipi gms jdu _D3* mba qgii mi biucdhji qiogbdjdehis `d odbqdjjhbe BDw ilhsshdbs(

[imq isipis mba hqs {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdb

Hq hs mb hl{dqmbq sdyoi d` ibiex mq jimsq hb Iyd{i qhjj =89;s ogim{ dhj mba odmj gms m``ioqia hqs odl{iqhqhpibiss

[imq isipis mba hqs {dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdb ayhbe =888 misgdub hb si{mmqi sjhais

[imq isipis mi }ydqia db qgi {imq jmba mim cmshs 'fbdujiaei

mcdyq dembho lmqqi `moqhdb* ldhsqyi jipij mba msg odbqibqomb `mohjhqmqi }ydqhbe qgi isipis hb sqmbama ibiex ybhqs(

[dayoqhdb mba odbsyl{qhdb d` {imq hs iw{issia hb qdbs d` mhahia {imq 'uhqg ?9,99) ldhsqyi(

Hb =888* ==?*;;; gioqmis d` {imqjmba gms ciib ysia `dgmpisqhbe {imq ms ibiex isdyoi mba ==?*;;; gioqmis d`

{imqjmba `d gmpisqhbe gdqhoyjqymj {imq


31/33

[imqjmba mim 'hbqgdysmbagioqmis(

[imq {dayoqhdb'hb qgdysmba qdbs( Odbsyl{qhdb 'hbqgdysmba qdbs(

M`hom 9*71= =3 =3

Bdqg Mlihom =?9*133 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

_dyqg Mlihom 031; =9 =9

Mshm ??*=77 =*=?0 =*=3;

Iyd{i 75*09= 3;*=;9 =0*377

Lhaaji Imsq 3*;79 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,Doimbhm 801 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Qdqmj udja 35=*?8= 3=*307 =5*1?9

Ejdcmj [imq Sisipis & qgih [dayoqhdb mba Odbsyl{qhdb


32/33

[imq Sisdyois Udjauhai 'HIM Odmj Sisimog* =88?(

[imq Sisipis mba qgih [dayoqhdb mba Odbsyl{qhdb


33/33

Odybqx [imqjmba mim 'hbqgdysmbagioqmis(

[imq {dayoqhdb'hb qgdysmba qdbs(

Odbsyl{qhdb 'hbqgdysmba qdbs(

Ombmam ===*?37 ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

Sysshmb `iaimqhdb 90*7;; ?*33; 3*715

Hbadbishm 35*;;; 9?0 93;

Y_M 3=*1;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

@hbjmba 7*8;; 5*835 0*718

_uiaib 0*1;; =*==5 =*=;;

Hbahm =;; ,,,,,, ,,,,,,Hjmba =*=7; 3*835 3*3?3

Yfmhbi =*;;7 5=0 9;3

Oghbm =*;11 0;; 0;;

Isqdbhm 8;3 959 ?19

[imq Sisipis mba qgih [dayoqhdb mba Odbsyl{qhdbd` fix odybqhis

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