Energy:Powering Society

Energy:Powering Society

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Classification of Natural Resources

by Availability

Classification of Natural Resources

by Availability

Reserve - We know it exists and it can be extracted with existing technology

Resource - Known or believed to exist but not exploitable today (for economic, political of technological reasons)

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1 trillion - 2.3 trillion barrels

Classification of Natural Resources

by how it is produced

Classification of Natural Resources

by how it is produced

Renewable - Resource that is created as fast as it it consumed.

Nonrenewable - Resource that is created slowly - consumed faster than it forms.

Fossil fuels, metals,nuclear power, etc.

Trees, fish, sunlight,wind, etc.

Review: Energy UnitsReview: Energy Units

Joule (J) = Energy needed to lift 1 kg weight by 0.1 meter(about the energy to lift an apple over your head)

calorie (cal) = Energy needed to heat 1 g water by 1°C(Note” Calories (Cal) in food are equal to 1000 calories (cal)

British Thermal Unit (BTU) = Energy needed to heat 1 pound of water 1°F (1 BTU = 950 Joules)

Review: PowerRate of energy useReview: PowerRate of energy use

Watt(Joule/second)

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Kilowatt-Hour(kwh)

=1000 watts per hour

Centralia Coal Power Plant = 1,330 Megawatts

Review:Laws of Nature

Review:Laws of Nature

• Conservation of Matter

• 1st Law of Thermodynamics

(Conservation of Energy)

• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

(Entropy)

Energy Resources: History

Energy Resources: History

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Slave Labor

Animal Labor

Energy Resources : History

Energy Resources : History

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Wood

Wind/Water

Energy Resources : History

Energy Resources : History

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Coal

Oil

World Fuel Consumption (1800 to1990 & …)

World Fuel Consumption (1800 to1990 & …)

Consumption(Millions of metric tons of oil

equivalent)

1800 1900 1990400 1,900 30,000

U.S. Energy Use2.76 x 1013 kwh/yr

(about 100,000 kwh/person/yr)

U.S. Energy Use2.76 x 1013 kwh/yr

(about 100,000 kwh/person/yr)

Industrial42%

Transportation25%

Commercial/Residential

33%

U.S. Energy UseIndustrial

U.S. Energy UseIndustrial

Industrial42%

Transportation25%

Commercial/Residential

33%

Chemicals19%

Primary Metals26%

Other Industries

Food5%

Stone, Glass, & Clay7%

Paper8%

Petroleum & Coal14%

U.S. Energy UseTransportation

U.S. Energy UseTransportation

Industrial42%

Transportation25%

Commercial/Residential

33%

Highway Vehicles

74%

Air14

Marine7%

Rail

U.S. Energy UseCommercial/ResidentialU.S. Energy UseCommercial/Residential

Industrial42%

Transportation25%

Commercial/Residential

33%

Lighting12%

Hot Water Heating24%

Heating/Cooling64%

U.S. Energy Use Consumption Measured in quadrillions (1015) BTUU.S. Energy Use Consumption Measured in quadrillions (1015) BTU

November 2005% Change over November 2004

Petroleum 3.34 -1.0

Natural Gas 1.83 -6.7

Coal 1.82 -0.7

Hydro 0.21 -8.1

Nuclear 0.62 6.7

Total 8.09 -2.1

Note: There is a 6 month delay on energy data

U.S. &the WorldU.S. &

the World

Primary Energy is Converted into More

Usable forms:Secondary Energy

Primary Energy is Converted into More

Usable forms:Secondary Energy

PrimaryOil, Coal, Solar

SecondaryElectricity

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Steam Engine &Internal Combustion Engine

Steam Engine &Internal Combustion Engine

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Secondary Energy:Electricity

Secondary Energy:Electricity

Magnet

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Electricity

The “Grid”The “Grid”

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Energy is lost…Energy is lost…

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…but electricity is versatile.

…but electricity is versatile.