Energy Policy Act 2005H.R. 1640

Energy Policy Act 2005H.R. 1640

Team: J.P. Osornio, Sara Roy, Alex Amerman, Mike Carim, Carolina Jaramillo, Ross MacWhinney, Adam Raphaely, Catrina Rorke, Elizabeth

Sands, Alla Sobel, Geeta Uhl

Team: J.P. Osornio, Sara Roy, Alex Amerman, Mike Carim, Carolina Jaramillo, Ross MacWhinney, Adam Raphaely, Catrina Rorke, Elizabeth

Sands, Alla Sobel, Geeta Uhl

Final Briefing

Elizabeth Sands, Sara Roy, J.P. Osornio, Alla Sobel

Final Briefing

Elizabeth Sands, Sara Roy, J.P. Osornio, Alla Sobel

Legislation

H.R. 1640:

“…To provide secure, affordable, and reliable energy”

H.R. 1640:

“…To provide secure, affordable, and reliable energy”

OVERVIEW

Problems

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Mercury (Hg)

Nitrogen oxides (NOX)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Solutions

Coal Gasification

Ethanol

Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Problems

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Mercury (Hg)

Nitrogen oxides (NOX)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Solutions

Coal Gasification

Ethanol

Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

H.R. 1640

SMOG

ACID RAIN

GLOBAL WARMING

POISONING

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Energy Consumption

• US energy consumption increasing at 2% per year

• Electricity

demand in NYC has increased 20% in the previous 10 years

• US energy consumption increasing at 2% per year

• Electricity

demand in NYC has increased 20% in the previous 10 years

Total Energy Consumption (1980-2030)

60

80

100

120

140

1980 1995 2010 2025

Year

Qu

adri

llio

n B

tu

Total Energy Consumption (1980-2030)

60

80

100

120

140

1980 1995 2010 2025

Year

Qu

adri

llio

n B

tu

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

www.eia.gov

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

H.R. 1640

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Source: www.criepi.denken.or.jp

Sulfur and Mercury Filters

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Solution: Coal Gasification

Pollutant Traditional IGCC

SO2

(lb/106 Btu) 31.25 <.15

Hg(lb/109 Btu) 21.4 1.5

Source: An Environmental Assessment of IGCC Power Systems

Reduction

99%

93%

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Solution: Ethanol

Both source and sink for CO2

Both source and sink for CO2

Fuel made from starches, sugars and cellulosic material

Fuel made from starches, sugars and cellulosic material

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/mswaste/msw.html

www.mutuaofamericalcom

Solution: Ethanol

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Source: Novozymes & BBI International

Ethanol Production: Process

Organic Plant and

Waste Matter (Cellulose)

Organic Plant and

Waste Matter (Cellulose)

GlucoseGlucose

EthanolEthanol

Distillation

Fermentation

www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/03/08/000044.3-lg.jpg

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Problem: Energy Consumption

Americans constitute 5% of the world's population but consume 24% of the world's energy

Americans constitute 5% of the world's population but consume 24% of the world's energy

Solution: Reduction of Energy Consumption

Energy Star Program• Product Labeling • Consumer Education• Product Must:

– Provide economic gains for consumers

– Demonstrate energy savings of at least 10-50% compared to standard appliance

– Cut Air Pollution

Energy Star Program• Product Labeling • Consumer Education• Product Must:

– Provide economic gains for consumers

– Demonstrate energy savings of at least 10-50% compared to standard appliance

– Cut Air Pollution

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Effectiveness of Energy Star Program

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

www.energystar.gov

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

H.R. 1640

Clean Coal: •Promote coal-based gasification technologies•Establish loan program•Invest in pollution control equipment

Ethanol: •Establish a renewable fuel program•Provide credits for:

•Refining, Blending, and Importing•Credits may be used or transferred

Energy Efficiency: •Promote Energy Star Label

Clean Coal: •Promote coal-based gasification technologies•Establish loan program•Invest in pollution control equipment

Ethanol: •Establish a renewable fuel program•Provide credits for:

•Refining, Blending, and Importing•Credits may be used or transferred

Energy Efficiency: •Promote Energy Star Label

Legislation

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

CONTROVERSIESCONTROVERSIES

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

H.R. 1640

Coal Pros

• Cheap • Abundant

– US has 27% of world’s total coal reserves

– Estimated to last 250 years

• Coal Gasification

• Cheap • Abundant

– US has 27% of world’s total coal reserves

– Estimated to last 250 years

• Coal Gasification

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Coal Pros

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Nuclear

Hydroelectric/other

Nonutility sales to grid

Net imports

Electricity source forecasts (billion kilowatt hours)

2015

2030

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Nuclear

Hydroelectric/other

Nonutility sales to grid

Net imports

Electricity source forecasts (billion kilowatt hours)

2015

2030

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

www.iea.doe.gov

Coal Cons

Mining• 1,379 coal mines in US• Two categories:

– Surface and Mountaintop– Underground

• Waterway acidification– Biodiversity loss

• Terrestrial areas degraded

Mining• 1,379 coal mines in US• Two categories:

– Surface and Mountaintop– Underground

• Waterway acidification– Biodiversity loss

• Terrestrial areas degraded

Stream affected by mine drainage in southwestern Pennsylvania.U.S. Geological survey

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Coal Cons

Funding PrioritiesFunding PrioritiesProblems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

COAL$1.08 billion$500 million

RENEWABLES$10 million

www.crimevictimservices.org/images/scale.jpg

Ethanol Pros and Cons

NOx emissions disagreements• DOE concluded • EPA concluded

NOx emissions disagreements• DOE concluded • EPA concluded

Energy return balance: energy in vs energy out

Energy return balance: energy in vs energy out

DOE Pimentel and Patzek

Corn 33-66% 29%

Cellulosic 162% 45%

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Conclusions

• There are many environmental problems associated with current energy sources

• Despite controversies, technology exists to lessen these negative impacts

• The Energy Policy Act of 2005 encourages development of these new technologies

Problems SO2

Hg NOx

CO2

Solutions Gasification Ethanol Energy Star

Legislation

Controversies

Thank you

Special thanks to:

• The Energy Group : Mike Carim, Carolina Jaramillo, Ross MacWhinney, Adam Raphaely, Catrina Rorke, Geeta Uhl, Alex Amerman, JP Osornio, Alla Sobel, Sara Roy

• Andrea Schmitz

Special thanks to:

• The Energy Group : Mike Carim, Carolina Jaramillo, Ross MacWhinney, Adam Raphaely, Catrina Rorke, Geeta Uhl, Alex Amerman, JP Osornio, Alla Sobel, Sara Roy

• Andrea Schmitz

QUESTIONS?