WELCOMEPRESENTATION ON

ENERGY NEEDS amp ROAD MAP OF INDIA

BY

LT COL VIKRAM BAKSHI

INTRODUCTION

ITS AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF

ANCIENT PLANT MATTER THAT

WENT INTO EVERY SINGLE

GALLON OF GASOLINE THAT WE

BURN TODAY SAYS DUKES AN

ECOLOGIST

ENERGY INDEPENDENCE HAS TO BE OUR NATIONrsquoS

FIRST AND HIGHEST PRIORITY WE MUST ACHIEVE

COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY SECURITY BY 2020 BY

CREATING AN ENERGY ASSET PROFILE THAT ALLOWS

OUR ECONOMY TO FUNCTION WITH NECESSARY

ABANDON WE MUST CONCURRENTLY STRIVE TO

ACHIEVE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE BY 2030 THROUGH

ACCRETIONS TO OUR TRADITIONAL STOCKPILES AND

STRATEGIC RESERVES AS ALSO SKILFUL USE OF

ALTERNATE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

President APJ Abdul Kalam

VISION FOR NATIONS

INTRODUCTION

ITS AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF

ANCIENT PLANT MATTER THAT

WENT INTO EVERY SINGLE

GALLON OF GASOLINE THAT WE

BURN TODAY SAYS DUKES AN

ECOLOGIST

ENERGY INDEPENDENCE HAS TO BE OUR NATIONrsquoS

FIRST AND HIGHEST PRIORITY WE MUST ACHIEVE

COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY SECURITY BY 2020 BY

CREATING AN ENERGY ASSET PROFILE THAT ALLOWS

OUR ECONOMY TO FUNCTION WITH NECESSARY

ABANDON WE MUST CONCURRENTLY STRIVE TO

ACHIEVE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE BY 2030 THROUGH

ACCRETIONS TO OUR TRADITIONAL STOCKPILES AND

STRATEGIC RESERVES AS ALSO SKILFUL USE OF

ALTERNATE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

President APJ Abdul Kalam

VISION FOR NATIONS

ENERGY INDEPENDENCE HAS TO BE OUR NATIONrsquoS

FIRST AND HIGHEST PRIORITY WE MUST ACHIEVE

COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY SECURITY BY 2020 BY

CREATING AN ENERGY ASSET PROFILE THAT ALLOWS

OUR ECONOMY TO FUNCTION WITH NECESSARY

ABANDON WE MUST CONCURRENTLY STRIVE TO

ACHIEVE ENERGY INDEPENDENCE BY 2030 THROUGH

ACCRETIONS TO OUR TRADITIONAL STOCKPILES AND

STRATEGIC RESERVES AS ALSO SKILFUL USE OF

ALTERNATE AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

President APJ Abdul Kalam

VISION FOR NATIONS

ENERGY SECURITY INTERNATIONAL MARKET

GLOBAL OIL PRICES ENTERING THE SUPER-PIKE PHASE

SUSTAINED PRICE RISE VS GROWTH RATE amp INFLATION

OIL PRICES HAVE CROSSED $70 PER BARREL

HY ANNUAL OIL IMPORTS

HIGH ENERGY CONSUMPTION THAN THAT OF ANY DEVP

COUNTRY

INSULATION FROM EVER-VOLATILE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY

MARKET

INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

INDIA RANKS FIFTH IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION IN 2002

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ABOUT 6 DURING 1981 -2002

THE LOOMING CRISIS

INDIA HAS PROVEN OIL RESERVES OF LESS THAN 65

YEARS OF OUR TOTAL PRESENT CONSUMPTION

WORLD CRISIS AHEAD IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS

INDIAN CRISIS EVEN MORE SEVERE

UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH IN HYDROCARBON

CONSUMPTION ndash GASOLINE THE HIGHEST

BIOFUELS ONE OF THE MOST ADAPTABLE OPTIONS

SEQUENCE

PART 1 OVERVIEW OF INDIA ENERGY

PART 2 OIL GAS HYDROGEN amp NUCLEAR

PART 3 BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

PART 4 RENWABLE ENERGY

CONCLUSION

PART ONE

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

INDIA RANKS FIFTH IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION IN 2002

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ABOUT 6 DURING 1981 -2002

THE LOOMING CRISIS

INDIA HAS PROVEN OIL RESERVES OF LESS THAN 65

YEARS OF OUR TOTAL PRESENT CONSUMPTION

WORLD CRISIS AHEAD IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS

INDIAN CRISIS EVEN MORE SEVERE

UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH IN HYDROCARBON

CONSUMPTION ndash GASOLINE THE HIGHEST

BIOFUELS ONE OF THE MOST ADAPTABLE OPTIONS

SEQUENCE

PART 1 OVERVIEW OF INDIA ENERGY

PART 2 OIL GAS HYDROGEN amp NUCLEAR

PART 3 BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

PART 4 RENWABLE ENERGY

CONCLUSION

PART ONE

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

THE LOOMING CRISIS

INDIA HAS PROVEN OIL RESERVES OF LESS THAN 65

YEARS OF OUR TOTAL PRESENT CONSUMPTION

WORLD CRISIS AHEAD IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS

INDIAN CRISIS EVEN MORE SEVERE

UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH IN HYDROCARBON

CONSUMPTION ndash GASOLINE THE HIGHEST

BIOFUELS ONE OF THE MOST ADAPTABLE OPTIONS

SEQUENCE

PART 1 OVERVIEW OF INDIA ENERGY

PART 2 OIL GAS HYDROGEN amp NUCLEAR

PART 3 BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

PART 4 RENWABLE ENERGY

CONCLUSION

PART ONE

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

SEQUENCE

PART 1 OVERVIEW OF INDIA ENERGY

PART 2 OIL GAS HYDROGEN amp NUCLEAR

PART 3 BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

PART 4 RENWABLE ENERGY

CONCLUSION

PART ONE

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PART ONE

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

AIM

TO DISCUSS INDIA ENERGY NEEDS AND ROAD MAP

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA

INDIA IS BOTH A MAJOR ENERGY PRODUCER AND CONSUMER

ELEVENTH GREATEST ENERGY PRODUCER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 24 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

WORLDrsquoS SIXTH GREATEST ENERGY CONSUMER ACCOUNTING FOR ABOUT 33 OF THE WORLDrsquoS TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DESPITE ITS LARGE ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION INDIA IS A NET ENERGY IMPORTER MOSTLY DUE TO THE LARGE IMBALANCE BETWEEN OIL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA IS 35 OF THE WORLD CONSUMPTION

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS ABOUT 6 DURING 1998 - 2007

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ENERGY SOURCES ndash INDIAN SCENARIO

33

853

1 5

Oil

LNGCoal

Nuclear

Hydro

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA

GROWING GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY OIL AND GAS

OIL INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY DUE TO DECLINING SELF SUFFICIENCY IN OIL AND INCREASING OIL DEMAND

GROWING DEPENDENCE ON NON-COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES LIKE FIRE-WOOD COW-DUNG AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES IN RURAL AREAS

INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCES INCLUDING HYDRO AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

URGENCY FOR CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAUSED BY BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND BIOMASS ENERGY

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PATHWAY FOR INDIA WHICH WILL ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

INDIArsquoS CURRENT ENERGY BASKET IS COAL

DOMINATED AND IS LIKELY TO STAY THIS WAY IN THE NEAR

FUTURE LIMITED DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY COUPLED

WITH ITS POOR QUALITY

LOW LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

AND HIGH INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERILS POSE

SERIOUS CHALLENGES FOR OVER DEPENDENCE ON

COAL

LIMITED DOMESTIC RESERVES AND UNCERTAIN

FOREIGN SUPPLY OF HYDROCARBONS IN WAKE OF

THEIR RISING INTERNATIONAL PRICE HAVE SERIOUSLY

IMPAIRED COUNTRYrsquoS ENERGY SECURITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

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HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ENERGY GAPS - HARSH FACTS

APPROXIMATELY 24 BILLION PEOPLE USE

TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FOR COOKING

STILL 16 MILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO

ELECTRICITY

WORLDrsquoS ENERGY NEEDS WILL BE UP BY 60 BY

THE YEAR 2030 WITH FOSSILS FUEL STILL BEING THE

DOMINANT ENERGY MIX

INDOOR BIOMASS STOVES KILLS UP TO 16 MILLION

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

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50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

GAS PIPELINE FROM IRAN DISCOURAGED BY US

COAL SUPPLIES ONLY FOR 200 YEARS

OIL - INDIArsquoS DEMAND WILL OUTSTRIP SUPPLY

GAS DISCOVERY BY RELIANCE IN 2003 BUT WILL

SERVICE ONLY FRACTION OF INDIArsquoS POWER NEEDS

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

TARAPUR NUCLEAR REACTOR REQUIRES REFUELING

GAS PIPELINE FROM TURKMENISTAN THROUGH PAKISTAN BUT QUESTIONABLE RESERVES

GAS PIPELINE FROM MYANMAR THROUGH BANGLADESH DISCOURAGED BY US

PROTESTS AGAINST HYDRO-ELECTRIC DAM AT NARMADA

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ENERGY REQUIREMENTSOF INDIA

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA

OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS SIX FOLD INCREASE

PROJECTED IN ELECTRICITY AND FOUR FOLD

INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

Economic Growth

Social Empowerment Environmental Sustenance

Energy

Economic opportunity

Social progress Environment and

Health protection

ENERGY EVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

FUTURE SCENARIO - 2030

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF OIL - PEAK BY 2030

60 OF NEW INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY ndash

ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY - MEET 14 (WORLDrsquoS TOTAL

PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND) - TO REMAIN SAME IN

2030

SHARE OF BIOFUELS (TRANSPORTATION) - 1 BUT

WILL GO TO 3 BY 2030

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

OTHER OPTIONS

RENEWABLE ARE INDIGENOUS NON-DEPLETING MODULAR AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

RENEWABLES CAN PROVIDE ENERGY ACCESS AND MEET UNMET DEMAND

PROVIDE CAPTIVE ENERGY THUS CONSERVING FOSSIL FUELS AND ELECTRICITY

SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL FUELS IN TRANSPORTATION

RENEWABLES CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY SECURITY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

TYPES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp NATURAL GAS WITH COAL INDEGINIOUS PRODUCTION

HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR ENERGRY

BIOMASS TECH

BIOFUEL ETHANOL BLEND ENERGY FROM WASTE

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR WIND HYDRO TIDAL

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

QUESTIONS

HOW TO ENSURE THAT PLANNING FOR ENERGY IS NOT DONE IN ISOLATION

HOW TO MANAGE TWO CONFLICTING ISSUES ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GOING FOR A GREEN GROWTH WHERE MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION STILL LACKS BASIC ENERGY SERVICES

HOW TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO CREATE ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES GIVEN THE

BACKGROUND OF RISING ENERGY INSECURITY AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY DUE TO RISE IN THE OIL

PRICES

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PART TWO

FOSSIL FUELS

OIL

NATURAL GAS

COAL DERIVATIVES

NEW AGE FUEL HYDROGEN

NUCLEAR FUEL FOR ELECTRICITY POWER

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

FOSSIL FUELS OIL amp GAS

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

Indian gas demand and supply scenario

GAS DEMAND OUTLOOK

5435

83

50

32

15

3

50

25

20

5

HYDROCARBON VISION 2025ENERGY MIX

2024-252006-072001-02 2024-252006-072001-02

COAL OTHERSGASOIL

VOLUME 151 230 391GROWTH (65)(MMSCMD)

INDIArsquoS GAS DEMAND amp SUP SCENARIO

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

NEAR TERM STATUS OF INDIArsquoS OIL

ACQN OF ASSETS ABROAD

EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN OIL PRODUCING FDS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONTRACTS

OTHER INITIATIVES ARE-

PARTICIPATION IN DOWNSTREAM PROJECTS FINALISATION OF LONG TERM LNG CONTRACTS SETTING UP OF TRANS-NATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

BILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS

ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND PARTICIPATION OF

FOREIGN COMPANIES BRING THE REQD TECH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE EQUITY OIL AND GAS

OPPORTUNITIES OVERSEAS

OIL INDIA LTD - INDIAN OIL CORPORATION IN LIBYA GABON AND NIGERIA

IN 2006 ONGC VIDESH LTD (OVL) IN VIETNAMCUBA NIGERIA BRAZIL AND LIBYA

ONGC - MITTAL JOINT VENTURE ACQUIRED IN SYRIA

GAIL IN OMAN HPCL BPCL AND GSPC IN AUSTRALIA

PRIVATE INDIAN COMPANIES LIKE RILAND ESSAR PURSUING ABROAD

ONGC FROM SAKHALIN-1 OIL FIELD IN RUSSIA

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

MIDTERM PLANS

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY

NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP) PRODUCTION

SHARING CONTRACTS (PSCS)

EXPLORATION DEEP WATER AND DIFFICULT FRONTIER AREAS

NEW INDIGENIOUS DISCOVERIES

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES

GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

FIRST DISSOCIATE THE GAS HYDRATES PRESENT IN THE SOLID FORM BELOW THE SEABED

ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS TO PRODUCE AT COMMERCIAL RATE

INDIA IS ONLY THE THIRD COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO DO SO AFTER USA AND JAPAN

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

COAL BED METHANE

COAL BED METHANE IS A NATURAL GAS (METHANE) ADSORBED IN COAL AND LIGNITE SEAMS

CBM PRODUCTION IS DONE BY SIMPLE DEPRESSURIZATION AND DEWATERING PROCESS

USED FOR

POWER GENERATION AS FUEL (CNG) FOR DUMP

TRUCKS

GOVERNMENT HAS SIGNED CONTRACTS FOR 26 BLOCKS COVERING AN AREA OF 13600 SQ KM

INDIA MAY JOIN THE RANK OF THE FEW COUNTRIES THAT COMMERCIALLY PRODUCE CBM

DURING XI FIVE YEAR PLAN CBM GAS PRODUCTION IS ENVISAGED AS 378 BILLION CUBIC METRES

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

UCG FROM COAL RESERVES

EXTRACTING GAS FROM DEEP SEATED ANDOR ISOLATED COAL DEPOSITS LIGNITE RESOURCES

GASIFICATION (A THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESS) BREAKS DOWN COAL INTO ITS BASIC CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

RECOVERABLE ENERGY FROM MEHSANA-AHMEDABAD BLOCK WITH COAL RESERVES

THIS IS MANY TIMES THE CONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AT PRESENT

ONGC HAS SIGNED AN MOU WITH SKOCHINSKY INSTITUTE OF MINING (SIM) RUSSIA

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN

EXPLORATION amp PRODUCTION (EampP) 3D SEISMIC AS AN EXPLORATION TOOL

DEVELOPMENT DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT DEEP WATER OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES LIKE CBM GAS HYDRATE AND TIGHT GAS HAS TO BE ABSORBED

GAS AS AUTOMOTIVE FUEL HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE FUEL CELLS AND FOR OBTAINING LIQUID PRODUCTS

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL

PILOT PLANT FOR LIQUIFACTION OF COAL

EVALUATION OF COALS FOR CBM PILOT amp COAL LIQUEFACTION

PLANT FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM OIL SHALE

USE OF SHEAR WAVE SEISMIC

4D SEISMIC FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

USE OF SATELLITE GRAVITY DATE

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION THROUGH GEOPHYSICSGEOCHEMISTRY

REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT OF WELL EXPLORED BASINS

REASSESSMENT OF SMALLMEDIUM SIZED FIELDS REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE FIELDS

REINTERPRETATION OF DATA IN BASINS FOR NEW PLAYSPROSPECTS DEEP WATER PRODUCTION DOWN TO 600 METER IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEN TO 1000 METER

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

FUTURE PROSPECTS AERIAL GAMMA RAY SPECTORSCOPIC SURVEYS OVER SCHUPPEN BELT HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS

PROSPECTING IN FOLD BELTTHRUST AREAS

PROSPECTING IN DEEP WATERS

INTRODUCTION OF SEISMIC WHILE DRILLING (SWD)

REGIONAL DEEP REFLECTIONREFRACTION PROFILES

IDENTIFICATION OF BYPASSED ZONES THROUGH LOG RE-INTERPRETATION

UPGRADATION OF MAGNETO-STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS

GENETIC FACIES MODELLING

COAL PETROGRAPHY FOR COAL BED METHANE EXPLORATION

ENVIRONMENT MODEL RECONSTRUCTION USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PART TWO OILamp GAS

PART TWO GAS

LNG amp PNG

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS IS ALSO FORMED MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT OIL IS

IT IS MUCH CLEANER FUEL THAN THE OTHER TWO

CURRENTLY THE SOURCE OF HALF OF THE LPG PRODUCED IN THE COUNTRY

THIS SOURCE COULD LAST FOR 120 YEARS

PROCESS

PRODUCED FROM RESERVOIRS

PROCESSING SEPARATE GAS FROM PETROLEUM LIQUIDS

REMOVE CONTAMINANTS

IN ADDITION NATURAL GAS (METHANE) CAN ALSO COME FROM LANDFILL GAS AND WATERSEWAGE TREATMENT

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ROAD MAP FOR NATURAL GAS

L N

G

GE

TTIN

G G

AS

DIR

EC

T TO

HO

ME

SM

AR

KE

T

GA

S S

UP

PLY

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

P N

G T

RA

NS

NAT

ION

AL

GA

S P

IPE

LIN

ES

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF

INDIA

CURRENT DEMAND 96 MILLION CUBIC METRES PER DAY (MCMD) AND ONLY 67 MCMD IS AVAILABLE

NEARLY 70 PERCENT IN GUJARAT AND THE BOMBAY HIGH BASIN

DOMESTIC GAS SUPPLY CANNOT KEEP PACE WITH DOMESTIC GAS DEMAND

FOR THIS REASON THE COUNTRY MUST IMPORT NATURAL GAS FROM THE MIDEAST

EITHER VIA PIPELINE OR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKER MAKING IT ONE OF THE WORLDS

LARGEST GAS IMPORTERS

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

GAS IMPORT TRENDS

PRESENT STATUS

DEMAND - 49 BCM PRODUCTION - 32 BCM

STAUS BY 2025

DEMAND - 125 BCM PRODUCTION - 36 BCM

IMPORTS INCREASE TO 89 BCM

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

MAIN PRODUCERS (ONGC) (OIL) AND JVS OF TAPTI PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA

PRIVATE PARTIES ALSO PRODUCING GAS

GOVERNMENT NEW EXPLORATION LICENSING POLICY (NELP)

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM THE WESTERN OFFSHORE AREA

THE ON-SHORE FIELDS IN ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH AND GUJARAT STATES ARE OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS OF GAS

SMALLER QUANTITIES OF GAS ARE ALSO PRODUCED IN

TRIPURA TAMIL NADU AND RAJASTHAN STATES

OIL IS OPERATING IN ASSAM AND RAJASTHAN STATES WHEREAS ONGC IS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN OFFSHORE FIELDS AND IN OTHER STATES

DEVP OWN FIELDS

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-

WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL

REGIONSECTOR POWER FERTILIZER S IRON OTHERS TOTAL

HVJ amp EX-HAZIRA

1261 1363 124 981 3729

ONSHORE GUJARAT

166 104 208 478

URAN 357 353 133 141 985

KG BASIN 496 191 038 725

CAUVERY BASIN 107 025 132

ASSAM 041 004 029 074

TRIPURA 137 001 138

GRAND TOTAL 2565 2015 258 1423 6261

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS

FIELDS

THE THREE-WAY JOINT VENTURE BY BRITISH GAS

ONGC AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD OPERATES

THE PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS

A SINGLE WELLHEAD PLATFORM WILL BE

INSTALLED

A NEW 20-INCH EXPORT PIPELINE WILL BE LAID

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS

LNG

PNG

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

WHAT IS LNG

TRANSPORTING NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS

POSSIBLE

COMPLICATED MORE COSTLY MORE INDUSTRIALLY

ADVANCE

LIQUID MUCH MORE COMPACT OCCUPYING 1600

OF ITS GASEOUS VOLUME

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PROCESS OF LNG

DEDICATED GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

LIQUEFACTION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION IN SPECIAL VESSELS

REGASSIFICATION PLANT

TRANSPORTATION amp DISTRIBUTION TO THE GAS CONSUMER

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

STATUS OF LNG

THE POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION BY WAY OF LNG CARRIERS

IN THE 1970S INTO THE 1980S LNG BECAME A PROVEN MEANS OF SUPPLY

CHEAPER AND SAFER SOURCE OF ENERGY

OFFERED THE MOST ECONOMIC MEANS OF TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF NATURAL GAS

TO MARKETS WHERE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION WAS IMPRACTICAL

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION

CURRENTLY THE GAS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (GAIL) IS

INVOLVED IN TWO LNG VENTURES WITH PETRONET LNG

WHICH IS SETTING UP TWO LNG IMPORT TERMINALS AT

DAHEJ IN GUJARAT AND KOCHI IN KERALA

LPG NOTIFIED AS TRANSPORT FUEL BY MORTampH

OIL COMPANIES TO SET UP 260 RETAIL OUTLETS IN

MAJOR CITIES

MUMBAI - 25 STATIONS

DELHI - 18 STATIONS

CHENNAI - 29 STATIONS

KOLKATTA - 20 STATIONS

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA

THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELINES

IRAN ndash PAKISTAN ndash INDIA

MYANMAR ndash BANGLADESH ndash INDIA

ADDITIONAL GAS SUP TO BR GROWING

SHOTFALL

MYANMAR GAS DEAL STILL OPEN

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

THE PIPED GAS

THE PIPED GAS WOULD BE CHEAPER THAN SHIPPING IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WHICH WOULD COST

US$410 PER MBTU THE IRAN-PAKISTAN-INDIA PIPELINE TO IMPORT GAS FOR

MEETING THEIR HUMUNGOUS ENERGY NEEDS

THE 56-INCH WIDE 2600 KM LINE FROM ASSALUYEH IN SOUTHERN IRAN TO RAJASTHAN BORDER IN INDIA

CAPACITY TO CONVEY 137 MILLION STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD) GAS WOULD COST US$45 BILLION

HOWEVER IRAN HAS BEEN INSISTING ON A PRICE EQUIVALENT TO THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) FOR THE NATURAL GAS IT PROPOSES TO SELL TO INDIA THROUGH THE PIPELINE

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE

THE DRAFT NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

POLICY COVERING TRANSMISSION

PIPELINES AND LOCAL OR CITY GAS

DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS IS UNDER

FORMULATION WITH PROPOSED

PROVISION IN LINE WITH THOSE UNDER

THE DRAFT REGULATORY BOARD BILL

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

HYDROGEN

ALT FUEL TECHNOLOGY IN

GAS

HYDROGEN

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

A CLEAN FUEL AND AN ENERGY CARRIER

DIRECTLY AS A FUEL FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

FUEL CELLS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FOR STATIONARY PORTABLE AND TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS

REPLACE LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS IN THE FUTURE AND THEREBY PROVIDE ENERGY SECURITY TO INDIA

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE

HYDROGEN DOESNT EXIST ON EARTH AS A GAS

SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM WATER BIOMASS OR NATURAL GAS MOLECULES

STEAM REFORMING AND ELECTROLYSIS (WATER SPLITTING)

STEAM REFORMING SEPARATE HYDROGEN ATOMS FROM CARBON ATOMS IN METHANE(CH4) BECAUSE METHANE IS A FOSSIL FUEL

RESULTS IN EMISSIONS THAT ARE LINKED WITH GLOBAL WARMING

ELECTROLYSIS SPLITS HYDROGEN FROM WATER

RESULTS IN NO EMISSIONS BUT IT IS CURRENTLY A VERY EXPENSIVE PROCESS

HYDROGEN CAN BE PRODUCED AT LARGE CENTRAL FACILITIES OR AT SMALL PLANTS FOR LOCAL

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

VE

H F

UE

L E

CO

NO

MY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

PRESENT STATUS

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

TE

CH

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NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ROAD MAP FOR HYDROGEN

ICE

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LONG TERM

HY

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H F

UE

L E

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NO

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NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG

VEHICLES FUELED WITH HYDROGENNATURAL GAS BLENDS (HCNG) ARE AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD THE HYDROGEN-BASED TRANSPORTATION OF THE

FUTURE

HCNG VEHICLES OFFER THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE EMISSIONS A REDUCTION IN NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX) EMISSIONS

PAVE THE WAY FOR A TRANSITION TO FUEL CELL VEHICLES BY BUILDING EARLY DEMAND FOR HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

LONG TERM H2 IN CNG

THE HCNG PROVIDES PURE HYDROGEN PURE CNG OR HCNG BLENDS TO THE VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

(ICE) TEST VEHICLES

HYDROGEN CONVERSIONS ARE VERY MUCH LIKE NATURAL GAS (CNG) CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPONENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

CORRECTLY ENGINEERED A HYDROGEN ENGINE CAN PRODUCE MORE POWER

A HYDROGEN ENGINE IS EVEN LESS POLLUTING THAN A NATURAL GAS VEHICLE

CHOOSING A FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM (DIRECT INJECTION IS BEST) SELECTION OF TANKS AND PLACEMENT OF SAFETY DEVICES

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE

IN COMBUSTION THE HYDROGEN IS BURNED IN

ENGINES IN FUNDAMENTALLY THE SAME METHOD AS

TRADITIONAL GASOLINE CARS

IN FUEL-CELL CONVERSION THE HYDROGEN IS

REACTED WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE WATER AND

ELECTRICITY THE LATTER OF WHICH IS USED TO POWER

ELECTRIC MOTORS

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

FUEL CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE

CONVERTS THE CHEMICALS HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER AND IN THE PROCESS IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY

ADVANTAGES

MODULAR NATURE IDEALLY SUITED FOR

DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION

EMERGING AS POWER SOURCES FOR AUTOMOBILES

FIELD TRIAL OF 3KW PEM FUEL CELL

BASED UPS SYSTEM

DEMONSTRATION FOR STATIONERY APPLICATIONS

50KW FUEL CELL POWER PACK WITH METHANOL AS PRIMARY FUEL FOR TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

CAN BE USED IN CHP MODE

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

SURFACE TRANSPORTATION

RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

HOSPITALS HEALTH CLINICS ETC

ELECTRIFICATION OF REMOTE LOCATIONS VILLAGES

FUTURE PROJECTS

SCALE UP STUDIES ON PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM ENTROBACTERIA CLOACAE IIT ndash BT 08

SOLAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATION

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF HYDROGEN ABSORBING ALLOYS BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMER MEMBRANE GAS FILTERS FOR HYDROGEN

DEMONSTRATION OF A SOLAR HEAT DRIVEN METAL HYDRIDE BASED WATER PUMPING COOLING AND HEATING HYBRID SYSTEM

DEMONSTRATION OF TEN HYDROGEN FUELLED TWO WHEELER ROAD TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT INSTALLATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF A HYDROGEN GENSET UNIT

DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN FUELLED AGRICULTURAL DIESEL ENGINE

SMALL POWER GENERATING SETS TWO WHEELERS THREE WHEELER AND CATALYTIC COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

INDIA POWER ENERGY

PROBLEMS

534 BILLION KILOWATT HOURS PRODUCED IN 2006 WAS ALMOST DOUBLE THE 2000 OUTPUT THOUGH STILL REPRESENTING ONLY 505 KWH PER CAPITA FOR THE YEAR

THIS PER CAPITA FIGURE IS EXPECTED TO ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2020 WITH 63 ANNUAL GROWTH

COAL PROVIDES OVER HALF OF THE ELECTRICITY AT PRESENT BUT RESERVES ARE LIMITED

NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLIED 156 BILLION KWH (26) OF INDIAS ELECTRICITY IN 2006 FROM 35 GWE (OF 110 GWE TOTAL) CAPACITY AND THIS WILL INCREASE STEADILY AS NEW PLANTS COME ON LINE

INDIAS FUEL SITUATION WITH SHORTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS IS DRIVING THE NUCLEAR INVESTMENT FOR ELECTRICITY AND 25 NUCLEAR CONTRIBUTION IS FORESEEN BY 2050 FROM ONE HUNDRED TIMES THE 2002 CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY

HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

STEAM POWER PLANT FUELED BY URANIUM

FUEL IS PLACED IN A REACTOR THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE ALLOWED TO SPLIT APART

THE SPLITTING PROCESS KNOWN AS FISSION RELEASES GREAT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

THIS ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT WATER UNTIL IT TURNS TO STEAM

THE STEAM PUSHES ON TURBINES WHICH FORCE COILS OF WIRE TO INTERACT WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD

THIS GENERATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

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INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

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LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

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RA

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PR

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COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FUTURE PROJECTS

SCALE UP STUDIES ON PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM ENTROBACTERIA CLOACAE IIT ndash BT 08

SOLAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATION

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF HYDROGEN ABSORBING ALLOYS BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMER MEMBRANE GAS FILTERS FOR HYDROGEN

DEMONSTRATION OF A SOLAR HEAT DRIVEN METAL HYDRIDE BASED WATER PUMPING COOLING AND HEATING HYBRID SYSTEM

DEMONSTRATION OF TEN HYDROGEN FUELLED TWO WHEELER ROAD TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT INSTALLATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF A HYDROGEN GENSET UNIT

DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEN FUELLED AGRICULTURAL DIESEL ENGINE

SMALL POWER GENERATING SETS TWO WHEELERS THREE WHEELER AND CATALYTIC COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

INDIA POWER ENERGY

PROBLEMS

534 BILLION KILOWATT HOURS PRODUCED IN 2006 WAS ALMOST DOUBLE THE 2000 OUTPUT THOUGH STILL REPRESENTING ONLY 505 KWH PER CAPITA FOR THE YEAR

THIS PER CAPITA FIGURE IS EXPECTED TO ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2020 WITH 63 ANNUAL GROWTH

COAL PROVIDES OVER HALF OF THE ELECTRICITY AT PRESENT BUT RESERVES ARE LIMITED

NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLIED 156 BILLION KWH (26) OF INDIAS ELECTRICITY IN 2006 FROM 35 GWE (OF 110 GWE TOTAL) CAPACITY AND THIS WILL INCREASE STEADILY AS NEW PLANTS COME ON LINE

INDIAS FUEL SITUATION WITH SHORTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS IS DRIVING THE NUCLEAR INVESTMENT FOR ELECTRICITY AND 25 NUCLEAR CONTRIBUTION IS FORESEEN BY 2050 FROM ONE HUNDRED TIMES THE 2002 CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY

HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

STEAM POWER PLANT FUELED BY URANIUM

FUEL IS PLACED IN A REACTOR THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE ALLOWED TO SPLIT APART

THE SPLITTING PROCESS KNOWN AS FISSION RELEASES GREAT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

THIS ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT WATER UNTIL IT TURNS TO STEAM

THE STEAM PUSHES ON TURBINES WHICH FORCE COILS OF WIRE TO INTERACT WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD

THIS GENERATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SMALL POWER GENERATING SETS TWO WHEELERS THREE WHEELER AND CATALYTIC COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

INDIA POWER ENERGY

PROBLEMS

534 BILLION KILOWATT HOURS PRODUCED IN 2006 WAS ALMOST DOUBLE THE 2000 OUTPUT THOUGH STILL REPRESENTING ONLY 505 KWH PER CAPITA FOR THE YEAR

THIS PER CAPITA FIGURE IS EXPECTED TO ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2020 WITH 63 ANNUAL GROWTH

COAL PROVIDES OVER HALF OF THE ELECTRICITY AT PRESENT BUT RESERVES ARE LIMITED

NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLIED 156 BILLION KWH (26) OF INDIAS ELECTRICITY IN 2006 FROM 35 GWE (OF 110 GWE TOTAL) CAPACITY AND THIS WILL INCREASE STEADILY AS NEW PLANTS COME ON LINE

INDIAS FUEL SITUATION WITH SHORTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS IS DRIVING THE NUCLEAR INVESTMENT FOR ELECTRICITY AND 25 NUCLEAR CONTRIBUTION IS FORESEEN BY 2050 FROM ONE HUNDRED TIMES THE 2002 CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY

HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

STEAM POWER PLANT FUELED BY URANIUM

FUEL IS PLACED IN A REACTOR THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE ALLOWED TO SPLIT APART

THE SPLITTING PROCESS KNOWN AS FISSION RELEASES GREAT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

THIS ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT WATER UNTIL IT TURNS TO STEAM

THE STEAM PUSHES ON TURBINES WHICH FORCE COILS OF WIRE TO INTERACT WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD

THIS GENERATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

INDIA POWER ENERGY

PROBLEMS

534 BILLION KILOWATT HOURS PRODUCED IN 2006 WAS ALMOST DOUBLE THE 2000 OUTPUT THOUGH STILL REPRESENTING ONLY 505 KWH PER CAPITA FOR THE YEAR

THIS PER CAPITA FIGURE IS EXPECTED TO ALMOST TRIPLE BY 2020 WITH 63 ANNUAL GROWTH

COAL PROVIDES OVER HALF OF THE ELECTRICITY AT PRESENT BUT RESERVES ARE LIMITED

NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLIED 156 BILLION KWH (26) OF INDIAS ELECTRICITY IN 2006 FROM 35 GWE (OF 110 GWE TOTAL) CAPACITY AND THIS WILL INCREASE STEADILY AS NEW PLANTS COME ON LINE

INDIAS FUEL SITUATION WITH SHORTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS IS DRIVING THE NUCLEAR INVESTMENT FOR ELECTRICITY AND 25 NUCLEAR CONTRIBUTION IS FORESEEN BY 2050 FROM ONE HUNDRED TIMES THE 2002 CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY

HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

STEAM POWER PLANT FUELED BY URANIUM

FUEL IS PLACED IN A REACTOR THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE ALLOWED TO SPLIT APART

THE SPLITTING PROCESS KNOWN AS FISSION RELEASES GREAT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

THIS ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT WATER UNTIL IT TURNS TO STEAM

THE STEAM PUSHES ON TURBINES WHICH FORCE COILS OF WIRE TO INTERACT WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD

THIS GENERATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TECHNOLOGY

HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

STEAM POWER PLANT FUELED BY URANIUM

FUEL IS PLACED IN A REACTOR THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE ALLOWED TO SPLIT APART

THE SPLITTING PROCESS KNOWN AS FISSION RELEASES GREAT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

THIS ENERGY IS USED TO HEAT WATER UNTIL IT TURNS TO STEAM

THE STEAM PUSHES ON TURBINES WHICH FORCE COILS OF WIRE TO INTERACT WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD

THIS GENERATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE

REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISMANTLING OF THE REACTOR

SAFE DISPOSAL OF ALL NUCLEAR WASTE

EACH PROCESS EMITS CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES

THE REACTOR PRODUCING NO CO2

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ROAD MAP FOR NUCLEAR

IH

HY

DR

OG

EN

FU

EL

CE

LLS

RE

DU

CE

D V

EH

EM

ISS

ION

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

HY

BR

ID V

EH

INC

EL

EC

T

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL

USE STATUS AS ON DATE

COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

URANIUM EXPLORATION

REACTOR DESIGN PHWRs

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

THORIUM AS A NUCLEAR FUEL

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

IN 2004 NUCLEAR POWER CONTRIBUTED 15 BILLION KWH OF ELECTRICITY - 28 OF TOTAL FROM 3 GWE OF CAPACITY

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH START

TARAPUR 1 amp 2 BWR 150 1969

KAIGA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1999-00

KAIGA 3 PHWR 202 2007

KAKRAPAR 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1993-95

KALPAKKAM 1 amp 2 (MAPS) PHWR 202 1984-86

NARORA 1 amp 2 PHWR 202 1991-92

RAWATBHATA 1 PHWR 90 1973

RAWATBHATA 2 PHWR 187 1981

RAWATBHATA 3 amp 4 PHWR 202 1999-2000

TARAPUR 3 amp 4 PHWR 490 2006 05

TOTAL (17) 3779 MWE

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

NEAR TERM STATUS

TWELVE PHWRS ARE OPERATING AND SIX PHWRS COMPRISING A MIX OF 540 AND 220 MWE RATING

ARE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

SET UP LIGHT WATER REACTORS BASED ON IMPORTED TECHNOLOGY

ASSIMILATIONOF FAST BREEDER REACTOR FBR

KAMINI THE ONLY THORIUM FUELLED REACTOR OPERATING THE WORLD

20000 MWE NUCLEAR CAPACITY ON LINE BY 2020

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

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TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

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TODAY NEAR TERM

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TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

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PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

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SO

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ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

REPROCESSING PLANTS

PLUTONIUM-BASED FUEL FABRICATION PLAN

A HIGHER POWER-GENERATING BASE

A 40 MWT FAST BREEDER TEST REACTOR (FBTR)

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

MIDTERM STATUS

BASED ON THE THORIUM-URANIUM-233 CYCLE

TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPLOIT THE VAST THORIUM RESERVES IN THE COUNTRY ARE UNDER

DEVELOPMENT

AN ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR (AHWR)

THE REACTOR PHYSICS DESIGN OF AHWR IS TUNED TO GENERATE ABOUT 75 POWER FROM THORIUM

COMPACT HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR ADDRESS

ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEMENERGY AMPLIFIER

FACILITIES FOR MANAGING INTERMEDIATE- AND LOW-LEVEL WASTES

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

REACTOR TYPE MWE NET EACH

PROJECT CONTROL

START

KAIGA 4 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007

RAWATBHATA 5 amp 6 PHWR 202 MWE NPCIL 2007 08

KUDANKULAM 1 amp 2

PWR (VVER)

950 MWE NPCIL 2008

KALPAKKAM PFBR

FBR 470 MWE BHAVINI 2010

TOTAL (6) 2976 MWE

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED

REACTOR TYPEMWE NET

EACHPROJECT CONTROL

START OPERATION

KAKRAPAR 3 amp 4

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

RAWATBHATA 7 amp 8

PHWR 640 NPCIL 2012

KUDANKULAM 3 amp 4

PWR - VVER

1000 NPCIL

JAITAPUR 1 amp 2

LWR 1000 NPCIL

LWR X 2 1000 NTPC 2014

PHWR X 4 640 NPCIL

FBR X 4 470 BHAVINI

AHWR 300 2020

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FUTURE PLANS

MOST REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE ON SCHEDULE

THESE AND FUTURE PLANNED ONES WERE 450 (NOW 490) MWE VERSIONS OF THE 202 MWE DOMESTIC PRODUCTS

BEYOND THEM FUTURE UNITS WILL BE NOMINAL 700 MWE

RUSSIA IS SUPPLYING THE COUNTRYS FIRST LARGE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

THERE ARE PLANS FOR EIGHT 1000 MWE UNITS AT THE KUDANKULAM SITE AND IN JANUARY 2007

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020 FURTHER CONSTRUCTION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE TOTAL GROSS CAPACITY TO 21180 MWE THE NUCLEAR CAPACITY TARGET IS PART OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

NEW TECH FOR FUEL

ENABLE REDUCED FUEL HANDLING

REQUIREMENTS AND REDUCED ATTRACTIVENESS OF

FUEL CYCLE MATERIALS

ADVANCED CLOSED FUEL CYCLE

BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ARRANGEMENT

FAST-SPECTRUM GENERATION IV NUCLEAR

POWER PLANT

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

NEW WASTE MGMT

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PART THREE

BIOFUEL amp BIOMASS

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

bull ETHANOL

bull BIO-DIESEL

bull JATROPHA

bull BIOMASS

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

DEFINATION

ETHANOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL OR GRAIN

ALCOHOL HAS BEEN PRODUCED SINCE

PRE -HISTORIC TIMESMOSTLY THROUGH

THE FERMENTATION OF FRUIT JUICES

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PRODUCTION

ETHANOL CAN BE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT

FORMS LIKE SUGAR CANE MOLASSES BEATS

CORN SORGHUM POTATOES AND OTHERS

SHORT-TERM MEASURE WILL INCLUDE EARLY

INTRODUCTION OF GASOHOL (90 GASOLINE +

10 ETHANOL) AS A MOTOR FUEL

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL

ETHANOL IS A RENEWABLE FUEL

ETHANOL REDUCES POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

ETHANOL DOES NOT POLLUTE GROUND WATER

ETHANOL IS CHEAPER TO MAKE THAN GASOLINE

ETHANOL IS EASY TO SWITCH TO

ETHANOL REDUCES OUR DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ETHANOL

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

DEFINATION

BIO-DIESEL IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE ENVIORNMENTALLY SAFE AND NON POLLUTING FUELS FOR STD NON CUMBUSTION AND TURBINE ENGINES

DERIVED FROM VEGITABLES OILSBIO-DIESEL FUELS ARE SAFE AND VIABLE ALTERNATVE TO NON-RENEWABLEHVY POLLUTING FUELS

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ADV OF BIO-DIESEL

CAN BE USED DIRECTLY

INCREASES ENGINE LIFE

NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL PLANTS

SAFER AND CLEANER ALTERNATIVE

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

JATROPA CURACUS

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

JATROPA FRUITS

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

JATROPA SEEDS

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

IDEAL GROWING REGIONS

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA

CULTIVATION

RENEWABLE ENERGY

EROSION CONTROL amp SOIL IMPROVEMENT

PROMOTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY REDUCTION

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ROAD MAP FOR JATROPA

IDE

NTI

FIC

ATIO

N O

F C

OM

PAC

T

AR

EA

S

RE

SE

RC

H O

N IN

CR

EA

SE

OF

FUE

L E

FFIC

IEN

CY

JAT

RO

PA

IDE

N O

F W

AS

TE L

AN

DS

FOR

JAT

RO

PA

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS

11 MILLIONS HECTARES OFUNUSED LANDS ARE TO BE CULTIVATED WITH JATROPA

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTS OF 2 PHASES EACH WITH 200000 HA PLANTED IN 8 STATES OF 2 X 25000 HA COMPACT AREA

EACH

IN THE 1st PHASE WITHIN A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT THE VIABILITY OF ALL

COMPONENTS IS TO BE TESTED DEVELOPED AND DEMONSTRATED

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FOR 2007 WHEN THE PROCESS IS MEANT TO MOVE

SELF-SUSTAINED

EXPANSION OF PROCESSING CAPACITIES

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR MAINLY MARKET BASED

FOR PHASE II

PRESENT

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

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RA

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OIL

PR

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COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FUTURE

EACH STATE TO HAVE ESTENSIFICATIN PLANT

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE

SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREING OF SEEDS PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH

EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

FUTURE

PRESENTLY THE INDIGENOUSLY DESIGNED BIO-FUEL PLANT FOR 250 LTDAY IS IN OPERATION

TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP BIO-FUEL PLANTS OF 3 TO 10 TONES PER DAY CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

EFFECTIVE MARKETING CHAIN NEEDS TO BE PLANNED FOR ENABLING FARMERS TO REAP THE BENEFITS DIRECTLY

BIO-FUEL MISSION WILL PROVIDE TECHNOLOGICAL AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION FOCUSES FOR THE RURAL SECTOR

USE OF ELEVEN MILLION HECTARES OF WASTELAND FOR JETROPHA CULTIVATION CAN LEAD TO GENERATION OF MINIMUM TWELVE MILLION J

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

EACH STATE WILL HAVE ONE ESTENFICATION PLANT WHICH IS MEANT TO BE ECONOMICAL FROM 80000 T OF BIO-DIESEL ONWARD EXPECTED TO COME FROM 50 TO 70000 HA EACH

COMPACT AREAS IN EACH STATE WILL HE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED INTO 2000 HA BLOCKS OF PLANTATION TO FACILITATE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIAL PROCUREMENT OF SEED AND PRIMARY PROCESSING THROUGH EXPELLERS

EXPECTED OUTPUTS FROM 400000 HA ARE MEANT TO BE 05 MILLION T OF BIO-DIESEL COMPOST FROM THE PRESS CAKE AND MASSIVE GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT (16 MIO DAYSYEAR) FOR THE POOR

IMPROVE DEGRADED LAND RESOURCES AND INCOME TO 19 MIO POOR FAMILIES AT 4 FAMILIES PER HA ON A BASE OF 5 RUPEESKG OF SEED SOLD

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PRESENT STATUS

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

BIO MASS

THE WEIGHT OR QUANTITY OF LIVING ORGANIMS OF ONE ANIMAL OR PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY REFFERED TO AS UNIT AREA OR VOLUMEOF THE HABITAT

BIOMASS IN AN AREA AT THAT MOMENT IS THE STANDING CROP

THE TOTAL AMT OFORGANIC MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE LIVING ORGANISMS OF A PARTICULAR AREA WITHIN A SET PERIOD OF TIME IS CALLED THE PRODUCIVITY

MEASURED IN UNITS OF ENERGY AS -GRAM CALORIES PER SQUARE METER PER YEAR

SOURCE BRITANNICA ENCYCLOPEDIA

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

DEFINATION

BIOMASS INCLUDE WASTES PRODUCED DURING AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY OPERATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE STRAWS AND STALKS OR PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE (EG HUSKSSHELLS DEOILED CAKES ETC

WOOD PRODUCED IN DEDICATED ENERGY PLANTATIONS OR RECOVERED FROM WILD BUSHESWEEDS AND THE WOOD WASTE PRODUCED IN SOME INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

COGENERATION IT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH MORE THAN ONE FORM OF ENERGY (SUCH AS STEAMAND ELECTRICITY) IS PRODUCED IN A SEQUENTIAL MANNER BY USE OF BIOWASTE OF A RENEWABLE NATURE INCLUDING BAGASSE AND RICE HUSK

BAGASSE COGENERATION COGENERATION IS COMBINED HEAT AND ELECTRICITY (CHP) IN THE SUGAR MILLS USING BAGASSE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

THE FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANATION

COMBUSTION INCINERATIO

PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY

DENSIFICATION PELLETIZATION

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE TECHNOLOGIES THERE ARE OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY IS BEING ATTEMPTED FOR ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ADVANTAGES

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF SETTING UP OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECTS ARE

THE QUANTITY OF WASTE GETS REDUCED BY NEARLY 60 TO 90 DEPENDING UPON THE WASTE COMPOSITION AND THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

DEMAND FOR LAND WHICH IS ALREADY SCARCE IN CITIES FOR LAND FILLING IS REDUCED

THE COST OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE TO FAR-AWAY LANDFILL SITES GETS REDUCED

THERE IS NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

APART FROM GENERATING POWER FROM THE WASTE THE SLURRY PRODUCED FROM BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ACTS AS A GOOD FERTILIZER

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

THE GROWTH OF THIS SECTOR HAS BEEN AFFECTED ON ACCOUNT OF THE FOLLOWING LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS

WASTE-TO-ENERGY IS STILL A NEW CONCEPT IN THE COUNTRY

MOST OF THE PROVEN AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN RESPECT OF URBAN WASTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

THE COSTS OF THE PROJECTS ESPECIALLY BASED ON BIOMETHANATION TECHNOLOGY ARE HIGH AS CRITICAL EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT IS REQUIRED TO BE IMPORTED

IN VIEW OF LOW LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE OF MSW RULES 2000 BY THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS URBAN LOCAL BODIES SEGREGATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS GENERALLY NOT AVAILABLE AT THE PLANT SITE WHICH MAY LEAD TO NON-AVAILABILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES WITH MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONSURBAN LOCAL BODIES

LACK OF CONDUCIVE POLICY GUIDELINES FROM STATE GOVTS IN RESPECT OF ALLOTMENT OF LAND SUPPLY OF GARBAGE AND POWER PURCHASE EVACUATION FACILITIES

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PRESENT STATUS THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME ON BIOMASS ENERGY AND CO-GENERATION (NON-BAGASSE) IN INDUSTRY ARE GIVEN BELOW -

TO ENCOURAGE THE DEPLOYMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS IN

INDUSTRY FOR MEETING THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

TO PROMOTE DECENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION THROUGH

SUPPLY OF SURPLUS POWER TO THE GRID

TO CONSERVE THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS FOR CAPTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN INDUSTRY

TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN INDUSTRY

TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES OF ENERGY GENERATION IN INDUSTRY

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

BIOMASS POWER GENERATION BASED ON WOODY BIOMASS AND CROP RESIDUES HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN INDIA BASED MAINLY ON DIRECT COMBUSTION ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GASIFICATION AND COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

IT IS PROPOSED TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO UPGRADE THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND DEVELOP MORE EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGY ROUTES

DEVELOPMENT OF BIO ENERGY ENTAILS

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGY PACKAGES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND POWER GENERATION

ADVANCED BIOMASS GASIFICATION WHICH AIMS AT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE GASIFIERS TO BE COUPLED WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINES

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS

BASED ON DIRECT COMBUSTION HAVE STARTED TO PICK UP IN SEVERAL POTENTIAL STATES

BIOGAS BASED POWER UNITS CAN BE A RELIABLE DECENTRALIZED POWER GENERATION OPTION IN THE COUNTRY

BASED ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE QUANTITY OF ANIMAL WASTES AND WASTES FROM FORESTRY RURAL BASED INDUSTRIES (AGRO FOOD PROCESSING) KITCHEN WASTES

THE PROJECTS TO BE TAKEN UP BY ANY VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION INSTITUTION PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS ETC IN RURAL AREAS AS WELL AS AREAS COVERED UNDER THE REMOTE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION (RVE)

SUFFICIENT FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BASIS

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS HEAT OR

POWER IS SEEN AS A BONUS WHICH IMPROVES

THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS

WHILE INCINERATION AND BIOMETHANATION ARE

THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGIES PYROLYSIS

AND GASIFICATION ARE ALSO EMERGING AS

PREFERRED OPTIONS

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY

RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO ACCELERATE THE PROMOTION OF SETTING UP OF PROJECTS FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES

TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT WITH FISCAL AND FINANCIAL REGIME TO DEVELOP DEMONSTRATE AND DISSEMINATE UTILISATION OF WASTES FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND TO HARNESS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL OF MSW-TO-ENERGY BY

THE YEAR 2017

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL

DIRECTLY IN ANY THE CONVENTIONAL COMPRESSION-IGNITION DIESEL ENGINES OF TODAY WITHOUT ANY MODIFICATION

ENGINE LIFE IS INCREASED WITH THE USE OF BIODIESEL FUEL

BENIGN ON MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

A USER FRIENDLY FUEL WITH NO NOTICEABLE EXHAUST ODORS

EXTRACTED FROM NATURALLY GROWING PLANTS

SAFER CLEANER ALTERNATIVE TO PETROLEUM DIESEL

PRODUCES 80 LESS CARBON DIOXIDE AND 100 LESS SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS A 90 LESS REDUCTION IN CANCER RISKS

REDUCES EMISSIONS AND CARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS

IDEAL FOR TACKLING THE POLLUTION PROBLEM

BIODEGRADABLE AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ECOLOGICAL WASTE

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ROAD MAP FOR OIL

EQ

UIT

Y P

AR

TIC

IPAT

ION

TEC

H U

PG

RA

DE

OIL

PR

OD

COAL RES

CBM

KG BASINEORIOR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PART FOUR

RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS THE ENERGY WHICH IS USED amp

RENEWED ITS SOURCES COULD BE DERIVED FROM SUN WIND

WATER ETC THERE IS NO DEARTH OF ITS SOURCES SUNLIGHT

FALLING ON THE UNITED STATE IN ONE DAY CONTAINS MORE

THEN TWICE THE ENERGY WE CONSUME IN AN ENTIRE YEAR

CALIFORNIA HAS ENOUGH WIND GUSTS TO PRODUCE 11 OF

WORLDS WIND ELECTRICITY

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

RENEWABLE EN

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY (RE) IS A PREFERRED OPTION FOR INDIA

LARGE UNTAPPED RE POTENTIAL VAST LAND RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS amp

BIO-FUELS ABUNDANT SUNSHINE INCR IN POPULATION AND GROWING CONSUMPTION PLENTIFUL SITES FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY AND SMALL

HYDRO

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR RURAL INDIA

NO ACCESS TO ON GRID SYS FOR RURAL POPULATION

VISION 2012

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE

SYSTEMS

STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS ARE ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

STANDALONE RE SYSTEMS SHALL

AVOID THE HIGH COSTS INVOLVED IN TRANSMISSION

CAPEX

1048766AVOID DISTRIBUTION LOSSES ndash TECHNICAL amp OTHERWISE

1048766AVOID RECURRING FUEL COST

1048766BOOST THE RURAL ECONOMY

1048766ENCOURAGE SELF HELP GROUPS amp SELF DEPENDENCE

1048766ENABLE VILLAGE CO-OPERATIVES TO SUPPLY AND OR MONITOR

DISTRIBUTION

1048766MAKE AVAILABLE MUCH NEEDED ENERGY FOR BASIC NEEDS AT

THE DOORSTEP AT AFFORDABLE PRICES

BRINGS GAIN FOR INDIAN ECONOMY

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE

RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COUNTRY

GOVERNMENT amp REGULATOR FRIENDLY

AFFORDABLE COST

MAINTENANCE FREE

ECO FRIENDLY

LESS CONSUMPTION OF NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

REQUIRES HUGE SPACE

LIMITED TO PARTICULAR LOCATIONS

EFFECTS HABITAT

EFFECTS NATURAL SITES

INITIAL INVESTMENT IS MORE

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERY

HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SUN BEING OUR MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY

SHOULD BE UTILISED MORE

SOLAR POWER IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY

CHEAPER THAN IN THE PAST

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME

EARLIEST SOURCE OF ENERGY KNOWN TO THE

MANKIND

SALIENT FEATURES ndash WIDE-SPREAD

DISTRIBUTION ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND

VIRTUALLY INEXHAUSTIBLE SUPPLY

INDIA RECEIVES SOLAR ENERGY EQUIVALENT TO

OVER 5000 TRILLION KWHYEAR

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

CO

OLE

R D

EV

ICE

S W

ATE

R

HE

AT

amp C

OO

KE

R amp

RE

SE

AR

CH

WO

RK

WID

E S

PR

EA

D D

ISTR

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

SO

ALR

PH

OTO

VO

LTA

IC

PR

OD

UC

TS (P

V T

EC

H)

ROAD MAP FOR RE SOLAR

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR BUILDINGSSOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB

ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY CHANDIGARH

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING

IN A FACTORY IN TAMILNADU

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

AKSHAY URJA SHOPS

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT

TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER

GENERATION

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES

SPV TRAFIC SIGNAL SPV STREET LGHT

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM ATGODAVARI FERTILISERS amp CHEMICALS LTD

ANDHRA PRADESH

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS

INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

WIND ENERGY

WE HAVE USED THE WIND AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR A LONG TIME CHINEESE WERE USING IT TO PUMP WATER FOR IRRIGATING CROPS 4000 YRS AGO IN EUROPE WIND POWER WAS USED IN MIDDLE AGES TO GRIND CORN WHICH IS WHERE THE TERM ldquoWIND MILLrdquo COMES FROM

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

WIND ENERGY

POWER GENERATION FROM WIND HAS EMERGED AS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS WORLDWIDE HAVE CROSSED 8500 MW PRODUCING ABOUT 14 BILLION KWH OF ENERGY ANNUALLY

A TOTAL CAPACITY OF ABOUT 5500 MW HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN EUROPE 1700 MW IN USA AND 992 MW IN INDIA

INDIA IS NOW THE FOURTH LARGEST WIND POWER GENERATOR IN THE WORLD AFTER GERMANY USA AND DENMARK

INDIA AS WIND SUPER POWER

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

WIND ENERGY

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

35

BIL

LIO

N U

NIT

ELE

C G

RID

PO

TEN

TIA

L O

F 20

000

MW

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

NE

W W

IND

PO

WE

R

PR

OJE

CT

ROAD MAP FOR WIND ENERGY

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

HYDEL ENERGY

WE HAVE USED RUNNING WATER AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THOUSAND OF YEARS FOR GRINDING CORN THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE WORLD TO BE LIT BY HYDRO ELECTRICITY WAS CRAGSIDE HOUSE IN ENGLAND IN 1878

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY

ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY USING THE ENERGY OF WATER

THE WATER BEHIND THE DAM FLOWS THROUGH INTAKE INTO A PIPE CALLED A PENSTOCK

THE WATER PUSHES AGAINST BLADES IN A TURBINE CAUSING THEM TO TURN

THE TURBINE SPINS A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SM

ALL

HY

DR

O P

RO

JWATER MILLS

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L S

HP

INDUSTR

Y BASED

RESEARCH amp

DEVP

ROAD MAP FOR HYDEL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY USING THE KINETIC ENERGY

OF THE TIDES

IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SOME PRACTICAL AMOUNTS OF

POWER (ELECTRICITY) A SMALL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

HIGH AND LOW TIDES OF AT LEAST SAY FIVE METRES IN

REQUIRED

DAM IS BUILT ACROSS A RIVER ESTUARY WHEN THE TIDES

GOES IN AND OUT THE WATER FLOWS THROUGH TUNNELS IN

THE DAM

POWER IS GENERATED AS HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SM

ALL

TID

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L TI

DA

L

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR TIDAL ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE EXPOLITATION OF TIDAL ENERGY IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO PROJECT

INSTALLED SO FAR

THE MAIN POTENTIAL SITES FOR TIDAL POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

ARE THE GULF OF KUTCH AND THE GULF OF KHAMBAT (CAMBAY) AND

THE GANGETIC DELTA IN THE SUNDARBANS AREA OF WEST BENGAL

SALIENT FEATURES-

ONCE BUILT TIDAL POWER IS FREE

IT NEEDS NO FUEL

NOT EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN

TIDES ARE TOTALLY PERDICTABLE

BUILDING A DAM ACROSS IN ESTUARY IS EXPENSIVE

EFFECT THE HABITAT OF BIRDS AND FISH AS IT ALTER TIDAL

CURRENT

CAN PROVIDE POWER FOR AROUND 10 HRSDAY

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

TIDAL POWER INDIA TIDAL ENERGY

POTENTIAL IN EXCESS OF 15 GIGAWATTS

IN A WRITTEN REPLY INDIAS MINISTER OF STATE FOR NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES ESTIMATED THAT OVER 15000 MW OF TIDAL POWER POTENTIAL HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN THE COUNTRY

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

ELECTRIFICATION OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

Rural residents with a 6-blade helical turbine

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive

alternator

THE TIDE-ENERGY PROJECT NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE AMAZON

A SIMPLE GENERATING PACKAGE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD ldquoGEOrdquo MEANS EARTH AND

ldquoTHERMALrdquo MEANS HEAT

WORKING PRICIPLE

HOT ROCKS UNDERGROUND HEAT WATER TO

PRODUCE STEAM

HOLES ARE DRILLED DOWN TO THE HOT REGION

STEAM COMES UP IS PURIFIED AND USED TO DRIVE

TURBINES WHICH DRIVE ELECTRIC GENERATORS

IF THERE IS NO NATURAL ldquoGROUND WATERrdquo IN

THE HOT ROCKS MORE HOLES ARE DRILLED AND

WATER IS PUMPED DOWN TO THEM

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

SM

ALL

GE

O T

HE

RM

AL

PR

OJ

TODAY NEAR TERM

MID TERM

LONG TERM

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L G

EO

THE

RM

AL

PR

OJE

CT

IND

UST

RY

BA

SED

RES

EAR

CH

amp D

EVP

ROAD MAP FOR GEO THERMAL ENERGY

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

PRESENT STATUS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY BASED POWER PRODUCTION OVER THE WORLD HAS GONE UP FROM 5800 MW TO 8400 MW FROM 1998 TO 1999

IN INDIA IT IS IN INITIAL STAGE NO GEOTHERMAL POWER PROJECT INSTALLED

ONGOING PROJECTS

TATTAPANI GEOTHERMAL AREA IN MADHYA PRADESH PUGA GEOTHERMAL AREA IN LADAKH

MORE THAN 300 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL SITES

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

THRUST AREAS

CREATION OF GEOTHERMAL DATA BASE

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND MANPOWER DEVP

ITS APPLICATION FOR POWER GENERATION

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

CONCLUSION

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252

• WELCOME
• INTRODUCTION
• Slide 3
• Slide 4
• INDIA ENERGY STATUS IN WORLD
• THE LOOMING CRISIS
• SEQUENCE
• PART ONE
• AIM
• Slide 10
• Slide 11
• MAJOR CONCERNS IN ENERGY SECTOR IN INDIA
• Slide 13
• Slide 14
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS
• SOME MORE PROBLEMS (2)
• Slide 17
• ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDIA
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• OTHER OPTIONS
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Slide 23
• Slide 24
• PART TWO
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING OIL PSUS TO AGGRESSIVELY PURS
• Slide 33
• Slide 34
• Slide 35
• Slide 36
• KG BASIN GAS HYDRATES
• COAL BED METHANE
• Slide 39
• Slide 40
• UCG FROM COAL RESERVES
• LONG TERM PLANS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION IN EXPLORATION amp PRODU
• RampD EFFORTS OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES EG ONGC OIL
• FUTURE PROSPECTS
• PART TWO OILamp GAS
• TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL GAS
• Slide 47
• PRESENT NATURAL GAS STATUS OF INDIA
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Slide 51
• ALL INDIA REGION-WISE amp SECTOR-WISE GAS SUPPLY BY GAIL
• Slide 53
• PANNA MUKTA AND TAPTI GAS FIELDS
• METHODS OF SUPPLYING GAS
• WHAT IS LNG
• PROCESS OF LNG
• STATUS OF LNG
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• STATUS OF LPG INTRODUCTION
• IMPORT OF NATURAL GAS TO INDIA THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL GAS PIPELI
• THE PIPED GAS
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• FUTURISTIC CHALLENGE
• Slide 67
• Slide 68
• Slide 69
• Slide 70
• Slide 71
• Slide 72
• Slide 73
• Slide 74
• HYDROGEN
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
• HOW IS HYDROGEN MADE
• Slide 79
• Slide 81
• Slide 82
• Slide 83
• PRESENT STATUS
• Slide 85
• Slide 86
• Slide 87
• Slide 88
• NEAR TERM GOAL H2 MIX WITH CNG
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• LONG TERM H2 IN CNG
• Slide 94
• Slide 96
• Slide 97
• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE
• FUEL CELL
• Slide 100
• FUTURE PROJECTS
• Slide 102
• Slide 103
• Slide 104
• Slide 105
• Slide 106
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• INDIA POWER ENERGY PROBLEMS
• TECHNOLOGY
• CONSTRUCTION OPERATING MAINTENANCE REFURBISHMENT OF THE NUC
• Slide 112
• INDIA NUCLEAR POWER FOR CIVIL USE STATUS AS ON DATE
• INDIAS OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
• NEAR TERM STATUS
• Slide 116
• MIDTERM STATUS
• INDIAS NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• POWER REACTORS PLANNED OR FIRMLY PROPOSED
• FUTURE PLANS
• NEW TECH FOR FUEL
• NEW WASTE MGMT
• PART THREE
• Slide 125
• ETHANOL
• DEFINATION
• PRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES OF ETHANOL
• ETHANOL (2)
• DEFINATION (2)
• ADV OF BIO-DIESEL
• JATROPA CURACUS
• JATROPA FRUITS
• JATROPA SEEDS
• IDEAL GROWING REGIONS
• FOUR MAIN BENEFITS OF JATROPHA CULTIVATION
• Slide 139
• BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENTS
• Slide 141
• FUTURE
• FUTURE (2)
• Slide 144
• Slide 148
• Slide 149
• PRESENT STATUS (2)
• Slide 156
• Slide 157
• Slide 158
• Slide 160
• BIO-MASS TECHNOLOGY
• BIO MASS
• DEFINATION (3)
• Slide 164
• TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS CONSTRAINTS
• PRESENT STATUS (3)
• BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
• GRID CONNECTED BIOMASS POWER PROJECTS
• Slide 171
• ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES
• SCHEME FOR AN ACCELERATED PROGRAMME ON ENERGY RECOVERY FROM URB
• ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL
• Slide 176
• PART FOUR
• Slide 178
• RENEWABLE EN
• RENEWABLE ENERGYBETTER OPTION
• Slide 181
• Slide 182
• Slide 184
• IMPORTANCE OF STAND-ALONE RE SYSTEMS
• ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE
• DRAWBACK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ENERGY
• SOLAR POWER PROGRAMME
• Slide 191
• Slide 192
• SOLAR BUILDINGS SOLAR PASSIVE BUILDING OF PUNJAB ENERGY DEVELOP
• SOLAR AIR HEATING SYSTEM FOR CORIANDER DRYING IN A FACTORY IN
• AKSHAY URJA SHOPS
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING SYSTEM AT TALETI NEAR MOUNT ABU RAJASTHAN
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRODUCTS AND DEVICES
• Slide 199
• 120000 LPD CAPACITY SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM AT GODAVARI FE
• SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN A HOUSING COMPLEX IN PUNE
• Slide 212
• WIND ENERGY
• Slide 214
• Slide 215
• Slide 216
• Slide 217
• HYDEL ENERGY
• TECHNOLOGY OF HYDEL ENERGY
• Slide 222
• Slide 227
• Slide 228
• Slide 229
• Slide 230
• Slide 231
• Slide 232
• Slide 233
• Slide 234
• Slide 235
• Slide 236
• TIDAL ENERGY
• Slide 240
• TIDAL ENERGY AT A GLANCE
• Slide 242
• Slide 243
• Slide 244
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Slide 246
• PRESENT STATUS (4)
• THRUST AREAS
• Slide 249
• Slide 250
• CONCLUSION
• Slide 252