energy harvest: bio-energy production from agricultural
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Harvest: Bio-Energy production from agricultural waste biomass
María Lorena Falco1, Sudhakar Sagi1, Robert Berry1, Jitendra Kumar2, Y. Sudhakara Reddy2,
Thallada Bhaskar2, Ignacio Melián Cabrera1
UK-India Workshop on Energy for Economic Development and Welfare. Dehradun, October 23-27 2017
1European Bioenergy Research Institute,School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Aston University,
Birmingham, UK2Bio-Fuels Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum. Dehradun, India
Farmers from region Punjab, India, burn the crop residues in the open fields
causing air pollution and consequently health problems to the population
Biomass pyrolysis is a promising alternative for obtaining fuels and
chemicals from sustainable sources, like wood, straw, agricultural residues , etc.
Rice straw from Punjab fields can be used as feedstock for biofuel production
Energy Harvest-Bio oil project
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Potential of rice straw for energy production
Major agricultural residue: around 731 Tg/Yr (1997-2001) around90% world rice production comes from Asia.India contributes with almost 20% of this production.
Double benefit: Avoiding crop burning and generating renewableenergy.
Low cost of raw material: the cost of rice straw is around £20/t.
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Bio oil production: Slow pyrolysis in an Auger-Screw reactor
Slow Pyrolysis Fast PyrolysisHeating rate Low Very high
Residence time Minutes Short: msec-sec
Product yield Evenly distributed Around 70 wt.% bio-oil
Condensation Standard condensation system
Rapid cooling of vaporsrequired
Particle size Pellets Fine particles
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Auger-Screw reactor
Auger type reactors use an internal screw to transport biomass inside the reactor, while heating comes from the wall (e.g. heating jacket).
Double Screw
Y. Yang et al. / Bioresource Technology 169 (2014) 794–799
Single Screw
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Objectives
Main
Use waste biomass from rice straw harvested in India to produceany sort of energy
Specific
Optimize operational conditions in the slow pyrolysis of rice straw fromIndia in a single screw reactor.
Upgrading feedstock in order to obtain higher quality products.
Upgrading the bio-oil fraction through blending with different oils.
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Lab Scale Single Screw Reactor
Feeder hoper
Feeder valve
Reactor body(screw inside)
Charpot
N2 inlet
Pressuresensor
Gas outlet
Engine 1
Engine 2
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Reactor and condensation system
Water condenser Dry Ice
Condenser
Cotton filter
GC
Water
Water
Rice straw
Bio oilcollection Char
collection
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I- Biomass characterization
1. Moisture content2. Ash content 3. Thermo-gravimetric analysis4. Calorific value 5. Lignocellulose, cellulose, extractives6. Elemental analysis: CHNS
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Slow Pyrolysis
Temperature
Residence time
Particle Size
II- Obtain optimal pyrolysis parameters. Variables to investigate:
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Acid wash
Sample 1Rice straw
Alkalinewash
Sample 2Rice straw
Steamexplosion
Sample 3Rice straw
Pyrolisis
Pyrolisis
Pyrolisis
III- Influence of biomass pre-treatment on bio-oil properties
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Planned product analysis
Methodology Pyrolysis products
Liquid Char Gas
Water content: Karl Fischer titration
Total acid numberElemental analysis (CHNS)Calorific valueDensityGas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (chemical composition)Ash content Flash pointThermo-gravimetrical analysisGas chromatography
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Biomass Analysis
Characterization Method
Moisture content (wt. %)
Ash content* (wt. %)
Heating Value (MJ/kg)
Experimental 4 20 16
Literature [1-4] 4-14 10-23 15- 16
1 H. Nam, S. C. Capareda, N. Ashwath, and J. Kongkasawan, Energy, 93, 2384–2394, 2015. 2 J. Park, Y. Lee, C. Ryu, and Y. K. Park, Bioresour. Technol., 155, 63–70, 2014 3 S. Sun, W. Chen, J. Tang, B. Wang, X. Cao, S. Sun and R-C Sun., Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9 (1), 217-230, 2016 4 Gani, A., Naruse, I., Renew. En. 32, 649–661, 2007
Fuel Heating Value (MJ/kg)
Coal 15-27
Carbon 34Diesel 44
Gasoline 47
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html
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Biomass Analysis
1 H. Nam, S. C. Capareda, N. Ashwath, and J. Kongkasawan, Energy, 93, 2384–2394, 2015. 2 J. Park, Y. Lee, C. Ryu, and Y. K. Park, Bioresour. Technol., 155, 63–70, 2014 3 S. Sun, W. Chen, J. Tang, B. Wang, X. Cao, S. Sun and R-C Sun., Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9 (1), 217-230, 20164 Gani, A., Naruse, I., Renew. En. 32, 649–661, 2007
Characterization Method
Elemental Analysis(wt. %) Cellulose
(wt. %)Hemicel.
(wt. %)Lignin (wt. %)
C H N S O
Experimental 41 5 1.5 0.4 33 26 18 14
Literature [1-3]35-54 5-8 0.4-4 0.5-0.6 30-52 34-44 18-27 18-26
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Thermo-gravimetric Analysis
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Der
ivat
ive
Wei
gtht
(%/m
in)
Wei
ght (
%)
Temperature (οC)
Rice Straw, N2
TGA dTGA
-4.5-4-3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.500.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Der
ivat
ive
Wei
gtht
(%/m
in)
Wei
ght (
%)
Temperature (οC)
Rice Straw, O2
TGA dTGA
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Future activities
IV- Blending with bio-diesel and other vegetable oils. Study of blend stability and maximum bio-oil miscibility
V- Engine tests with the produced blends
VI- Bio-refinery approach
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