Guillaume Fery – June 2013 – London 1

Few things I knowabout « ENERGY »

Intervention en classe de CM2b

Guillaume FERYJune 2013

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Plan de l'expose

L'intervenantL'energie: ressources et usagesLa technique: « fabriquer » de l’energieLe cote obscur de la force : les sujets qui font debatL'avenir, notre avenirVos questions

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Reactions a ces images ?

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Abordons le sujet a travers 3 aspects

De la source a l’usage en passant par la creation d’energie

LES SOURCESSOURCES D'ENERGIE:

Le petroleLe ventLa merLe boisLe soleilFusion nucleaireEtc.

LES USAGESUSAGES

ChauffageAutomobileAvionFer a repasserCuisineChauff-eau, etc.

LES TYPES D’ENERGIES(« vecteurs »)

ElectriciteGazEssenceKerozeneVapeur

1 2 3

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Quelles sont nos sources d’energie?

Consumption of primary energy resource

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

petrol Coal natural gas biomass &waste

nuclear

Source AIE >80% of the resource come from fossile energy

1

Consequence?

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Evolution

Expliquez pourquoi cette “explosion”Quels sont les usages qui ses sont developpes ? Quand? Ou? Sous quelle influence?Et dans le futur? Pourra-t-on continuer?

1

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Meme a la maison, les usages explosent !

3

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Usages finaux de l'énergie3

Kerozene

Diesel

Essence

Chauffage

Eclairage

Electricite (tapis roulants, etc.)

Chaudieres

Robots

Presses

Eclairage

Soudures

Etc.

Usages domestiques: chauffage, eclairage, electromenager, fer a repasser, etc.

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Difference beetwen resource, types of energy and usage

=> energy vectors

Sources : French Academy of Technologies

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2

3

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La techniqueComment “fabrique-t-on de l’energie”?

Pourriez-vous citer des moyens de creer de l’energie?

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Power generationExemple simplifie de l’electricite

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Comment faire de l’electricite a partir du charbon ?

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D’un pays a l’autre, des approches differentes dans le rapport a l’energie.

(disponibilite, acces, cout, usages)

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Deux “mondes” …

Afrique Las Vegas(USA)

Pourriez-vous dire en quoi et pourquoi des pays n’ont pas les memes usages de l’energie?

Climat, existence de ressources, opinion publique, richesse, etc.

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Consumption

A chinese has a yearly consumption of 1 Ton of oil equivalent (toe) while european need 4 and an American 8.

The USA weight 5% of the world’s population but consume 25% of the total energy

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Energy access

In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to modern energy

With no access to energy, wood is the only way to cook and heat => impact on deforestation

Decentralized systems are a good way to solve environmental problems and enable development

With electricity => television, fridge, telephone, pumps, etc.

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ACTIVITELa classe se separe en 5 groupes.On prend 5 minutes pour repondre.On presente ensuite sa reponse a la classe (sous toutes ses formes = dessin, mime, chanson, phrase)

Un extraterrestre arrive sur TerreExpliquez lui de la maniere que vous voulez ce que c'est que l'energie

HelloWIX

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Le cote obscure…Il existe des points negatifs et de debats

autour des questions d’energie

Pourriez-vous citer des points de debats et dire pourquoi?

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La production d’energie a des effects negatifs, des limites et alimente des critiques et des oppositions

= le cote obscure de l’energie

• Car ce sont des ressources fossiles• Certaines energies ne sont pas

disponibles tout le temps• Car cela provoque des emissions

polluantes, visibles et invisibles• Car cela presente des risques• Car cela diffuse des polluants• Car cela conduit a etre dependant de

certains pays (guerre?)• Car cela conduit a faire travailler des gens

dans des conditions difficiles (mines)

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Environmental risksMaree noire, accidents

Piper Alpha, Amocco, BP

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Nuclear risks

• Radioactivite• Acceptance• Example:

– Tchernobyl 1986– Fukushima 2011

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Tout ca coute cher ! …

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Pollution atmospherique• Smog in London (1952)• Temperature + hiver + charbon = smog• Impact sur la sante (enfants, personnes agees)

D’autres pollutions causent de l’asthme

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Gaspillage? Efficacite energetique ? Attitudes ?

• Autos• Appareils en veille• Non sens?

Les appareils en veille augmentent la facture d’électricité de 10%

C’est beau … mais a quel prix ?

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Exemple d’une utilisation intensive d’energie. A vous de juger …

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Renewables is great, but ...Public acceptance + transport issues

Renewable ? Transport is key = How to manage the network ?Need for many new wind farms. Land use ?Need for robust grid = acceptance of new aerial networks

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Aspects humains

Dans certains pays, l’exploitation du charbon se fait dans des conditions tres difficiles pour les travailleurs

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Impacts environnementauxEffet de serre et CO2

L’explosion des emissions

Le CO2 est responsible de l’effet de serre qui est responsible du dereglement climatique (Climate Change)

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Impacts environnementauxCO2 Emissions

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UNE DEBAT ENTRE DEUX GROUPESLa classe se separe en 2 groupes.On prend 5 minutes pour preparer ses arguments.On presente ses argumentsL’autre groupe pose des questions.On interverti les roles

Groupe 1: va trouver des arguments pour expliquer pourquoi il est important de developper plus de sources d’energie, explorer plus de petrole, des gaz de schiste, du nucleaire, etc. Pour le progres de l’humanite.

Groupe 2: va trouver des arguments pour expliquer pourquoi il vaut mieux tout faire pour limiter nos besoins, comment faire des economies et se passer de choses plus ou moins indispensables.

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Le FUTUR

Alors on fait quoi?

Pourriez-vous citer des pistes pour le futur?

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Facts: energy and the city

By 2030, 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas (49% in 2007)

Architecture & planning have big impact. 2 similar cities can have different energy needs. 2.5 million people and … :

Atlanta : 4300 KM² and 7.5 T CO2/hab/year

Barcelona : 162 KM² and 0.7 T CO2/hab/year

Energy price raise will impact people localisation, lifestyle and city planning

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What scenario ?Clear rules versus uncertainty

Uncertainty

TechnologicalPoliciesEconomyDemographyFinance

A need for FLEXIBILITY

In the long term; scenarios should allow flexibility, not closing any door, able to adapt and cope with various technologies and emerging usages(electric vehicle, energy stotrage, shale gas, etc.)

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Towards energy in 2050Recommandations ?

Both sides : supply and demandFocus on sober homes and sober industriesEmpower energy efficiencyAnticipate impacts of any policy or economic initiative on jobs, CO2 emissions, investment capabilities, balance of tradeNeed for costs and prices transparencyWork at continent level (Europe)Establish world standards for nuclear safetyKeep the doors open and keep an eye on any trends and technologies. Meanwhile use current technologies to remain nimble flexible to face demand.

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L’energie est precieuse, comme un cadeau … et de plus en plus

Citez trois raisons pour lesquelles il faudra etre attentif a l’utilisation de l’energie dans le futur, avant que cela ne devienne un vrai luxe

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Energy needs are growing and energy is a lever to develop the economy … but don’t forget :

In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne energy

At least 70% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a

book or sign their names. Approximately half the world’s population now live in cities and

towns. In 2005, approximately 1 billion people was living in slum conditions.

http://www.un.org/fr/millenniumgoals/

En guise de conclusion

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Follow the links …

http://www.iea.org/ http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/ http://www.energystar.gov http://www.world-nuclear.org http://www.cleanenergystates.org/ http://www.ademe.fr http://www.masdar.ae/en/home/index.aspx

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Thank you for your attention.

Any questions ?

Guillaume FERY

Juin 2013

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Appendix

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Global trends

Rising energy needs, worldwideGrowth in emerging countriesPredominent marketshare for fossile energy in the long termBooming market for unconventional energsourcesSaddly, still millions of people with no access to energy

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Heating: from the ages, to head, to cook and for industrial processes

Lighting: with huge technological evolution from gas to electricity

Power: for transportation and industrial processes as well Raw material: some resource are used directly (gas, oil,

coke) Electricity for appliances, devices and motors in our

environment (at home, at work, etc.)

3

Quels sont nos usages de l’energie?

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Energy and Industry sector

Less than 1/3 of final energy needsEnergy intensive industries : heavy

industry (coal, steel, chemical, cement)Goegraphical issues (relatively to energy

cost all around the world)Energy efficiency could lead to savings up

to 20% in Europe

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About energy mix(examples)

75% of energy in South Africa comes from coal (idem in China)

90% of energy in Algeria come from internal gas resource

45% of hydraulic & biomass in Brazil 35% energy come from imported oil in Italy

=> Impact on CO2 emissions and energy independance (+geostrategy issues as well)

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Energy & the buildings

In France, 46% of final demand come from the buildings 69% for heating 19% for hot water 12% for electricity

Key issues for the future Insulation Home automation, regulation Energy efficiency Eco materials

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Jobs, national economies and competitiveness

Need to build strong industriesGreen and energy jobsDon't rely just on the internal marketDon't rely on subsidiesNeed for some clarity on national policies (IE Feed In tarifs, etc.)Manage transition and change = training, educational system, etc.Think globally, energy is already to be managed at continental level, not just national.

A need for transparencyReal energy pricesGive customers a fair and true signal = energy is not cheep

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Experts (technical, financials) are key but …new stakeholders in the energy debate

MAN IN THE STREETNGOs

AcceptanceVoice of the customer

LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Big impact on local policiesConstructionCity planningTansportation

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An application for each resource ?

What energy to produce Electricty ? 80% from nuclear in France 80% from hydraulic in Brazil 80% from Coal in China 90% from gas in Algeria

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Energy, ressources and contrainsts

Ressources

Peak oil, etc

Carbon targetsInternational objectives

Camcun protocol

International green agenda is the first lever to act and enter a low carbon revolution. Not just a question of resources.

Carbon emissions today : 30 billions tonsCarbon tagets : 20 billions in 2035, 13 billions in 2050 !In order to limit global warming at 2°C

RENEWABLESNUCLEARENERGY EFFCIENCY

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Exemple de la production d’electricite