Energy Flow in the Biosphere,

http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg

Essential Question• How does energy flow through an

ecosystem?

The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!

_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.

http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

SUNLIGHT

ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY

AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERSCan make their own food

Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land

= green plants

In water = algaeBIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY

HETEROTROPHS = ____________Get energy from consuming other organisms

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

CONSUMERS

HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS

________________ = eat only plants

________________ = eat only animals

________________ =eat both plants & animals

http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpghttp://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gifhttp://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg

HERBIVORES

CARNIVORES

OMNIVORES

HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS

________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms,

snails, crabs

________________ = break down and absorb

organic matterEX: bacteria & fungi

http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpghttp://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm

DETRITIVORES

DECOMPOSERS

Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which

organisms transfer energy by being eaten

________________

_________________

= _________________http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg

PRODUCERS(Autotrophs)

CONSUMERS(Heterotrophs)

↑↑

FOOD CHAIN

Food Chains• Food chains show the transfer of energy

from the sun to producer to consumer

9

• Arrows point in the direction that the energy is going

In most ecosystems

feeding relationships

are more complex

A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

FOOD WEB

Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

Ecological Pyramids• An ecological pyramid is yet another way

of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem

• They also show– How amount of available energy decreases for

higher consumers– That it takes a large number of producers to

support a small number of tertiary consumers

Ecological Pyramids

• An ecological pyramid is a diagram that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.1. Energy Pyramid

2. Biomass Pyramid

3. Pyramid of Numbers

Each step in a food chain or web =

_______________

______________

ALWAYS make up the ________

trophic level.http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

TROPHIC LEVEL

PRODUCERS

FIRST

TROPHIC LEVELS = steps in a food chain

• 1st trophic level is the producer

• 2nd trophic level is the primary consumer or herbivore

• 3rd level is the secondary consumer or smaller carnivore

• 4th level is the tertiary consumer or larger carnivore

Lower levels must be

bigger to support the

level above.

Only about_____ of the energy fromeach level is passedon.

This is known as the law of 10%http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

10%

Some energy is used

for life processessuch as growth,development,movement,metabolism,transport, andreproduction.

The rest islost as ________http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

HEAT

Pyramid of Energy* energy decreases at each succeeding trophic level – only 10% of the energy goes to the next level

100%

10%

1%

0.1%

Why not 100%? Because organisms use much of the energy for life processes (movement, reproduction) and some

is released into the environment as heat . (entropy)

Biomass Pyramid• Biomass – total weight of

living things

• In a pyramid of biomass, each level represents the amount of biomass consumed by the level above it.

Pyramid of Numbers

• Pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of organisms at each trophic level.

• the number of organisms is higher at the bottom of the pyramid (producers) and lower at the top (top consumers)

Ecological Pyramids

•