energy, environment, sustainability a global challenge issue tackled collaboratively by mcdonnell...
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Energy, Environment, Sustainability
A Global Challenge IssueTackled Collaboratively by
McDonnell Academy Partner UniversitiesPratim Biswas
Fuel Economics& Reserves
Energy Security
CO2 & Other Environmental
Emissions
ENERGY IS A Complex GLOBAL CHALLENGE ISSUE:
THE ELEMENTS OF THE ENERGY EQUATION
AAQRL - Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory
Energy Efficiency
Increasing Energy Demand
Policy
Energy consumption data source: US Energy Information Administration. International Energy Outlook 2013.Population data source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20401.5E+05
1.7E+05
1.9E+05
2.1E+05
2.3E+05
2.5E+05
5
6
7
8
9
10
World Energy Consumption
World Population
Year
Glo
bal
An
nu
al E
ner
gy
Co
nsu
mp
-ti
on
(T
Wh
)
Wo
rld
Po
pu
lati
on
(B
illi
on
s)
GLOBAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND POPULATION GROWTH
POPULATION
ANNUAL ENERGY USE
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20400.0E+00
2.0E+04
4.0E+04
6.0E+04
8.0E+04
Year
Glo
bal
An
nu
al E
ne
rgy
Co
ns
um
pti
on
by
fue
l (T
Wh
)2014
28%
27%
23%
15%
7%
33%
29%
22%
5%
Source: US Energy Information Administration. Inal Energy Outlook 2013.
11%
Petroleum and other liquid fuels (including biofuels)
Coal
Natural gas
Renewables(excluding biofuels)
Nuclear
Share of global total
GLOBAL ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE
Global Energy Supply
5
Primary Energy Source % of total
Oil 33.5Coal 26.8Gas 20.8Renewable (Solar, Wind, Biomass, Hydro)
12.9
Nuclear 5.8Other 4
TOTAL RATE OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY = 16 TW
TOTAL GENERATED = 2.3 TW(14 % of energy supply)
TOTAL CONSUMED = 1.92 TW (12% of energy supply; 83 % of generated)
Sun sends to Earth - Energy per Year: 120,000 TW
Petroleum 41.2%
Natural Gas 22.9%
Coal 23.2%
Nuclear Electric(8.5%)
Hydro (3.0%) Renewable(1.3%)
United States
28427 billion kWh/year
Petroleum (20.1%) Natural Gas
(2.8%)
Coal (70.5%)
Nuclear Electric (0.7%)
Hydro(5.8%)
Renewable (0.1%)
China
21638 billion kWh/year
Petroleum (30.6%)
Natural Gas (8.1%)
Coal (53.4%)
Nuclear Electric (1.1%)
Hydro(6.3%)
Renewable (0.5%)
India
5178 billion kWh/year
McDonnell Academy Partner University Country Primary Energy Source Distribution
Petroleum 48.5%
Natural Gas 7.5% Coal 4.6%
Nuclear Electric(1.5%)
Hydro (36.1%)
Renewable(1.8%)
Brazil
2782 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 43.5%
Natural Gas 22.2%
Coal 10.7%
Hydro (22.7%)
Renewable(0.9%)
Chile
365 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 29.7%
Natural Gas 45.2%
Coal 12.3%
Nuclear Electric 11.5%
Renewable(1.2%)
Hungary
328 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 58.8%
Natural Gas 4.0%
Coal 37.2%
Israel
250 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 35.1%
Natural Gas 29.2%
Coal 24.5%Hydro 11.1%Renewable
(0.1%)
Turkey
1147 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 46.1%
Natural Gas 15.8%
Coal 20.3%
Nuclear Electric 12.8%
Hydro 3.7%Renewable
(1.3%)
Japan
6678 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 60.0%
Natural Gas 21.0%
Coal 13.5%
Hydro 2.3%
Renewable(3.2%)
Indonesia
1216 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 53.3%
Natural Gas 30.8%
Coal 12.9%
Hydro 2.1%
Renewable(0.8%)
Thailand
1092 billion kWh/year
Petroleum 47.7%
Natural Gas 13.6%
Coal 23.4%
Nuclear Electric 14.8%
Hydro 0.4%Renewable
(0.1%)
South Korea
2769 billion kWh/year
Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Hydro/RenewablesNuclear
Thimsen, 2009
PER CAPITA CO2 EMISSIONS FOR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
AAQRL - Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory
10 - USA11 - India12 - China13 - Brazil
Global Energy Future Report (2010)
Mixe
d Bag of S
ources
Decision Making Tools(Life History Accounting)
Resource Inputs
Waste Products(Convert to UsefulByproducts)
MinimizeEmissions(Zero Carbon)
Water Discharge(Reuse)
Fossil Fuels
Solar
NuclearSocio-Cultural Dimensions
Mixed Bag of Energy Sources & Production MethodologiesPROBABLY IN A CARBON CONSTRAINED WORLD
Will use a variety of primary energy sources
Wind
Biomass
Coal
Gas
Future Energy ScenarioInnovation
Climate MitigationReduce DemandEnergy Efficiency
MAGEEP
MAGEEP:McDonnell Academy Global Energy & Environmental Partnership
A consortium of 29 McDonnell Academy Partner Universities & Corporate Partners in 16 countries working together in Energy, Environmental and Sustainability Research, Education And Operations
Vision / Mission:
Collectively identify and collaboratively tackle important global energy and environmental challenges in an integrated and holistic manner
mageep.wustl.edu
MAGEEP
MAGEEP:McDonnell Academy Global Energy & Environmental Partnership
Selected Areas of Activity:
• Solar Energy and Energy Storage (IIT Bombay, U Queensland, METU, U Chile; Technion); SERIIUS – A $ 25 M Center
• Cleaner Utilization of Coal(U Queensland, IIT Bombay, Tsinghua, Seoul Nat. Univ., U of Tokyo); CCCU – A $ 12 M Center
• Clean Water (IIT Bombay, TISS, Bogazici)• Aerosols and Air Quality (Peking U, IIT B, Tsinghua,
Chulalongkorn)• Campus Sustainability Operations• MAGEEP Education Network (most Universities)
mageep.wustl.edu
Energy, Environmental & Sustainability Sessions
Friday, 9:30 am– 12:15 pmGrand Challenges Assoc. w/ Energy, Env & Sustainability
Yulian Yang, Fudan UDevang Khakhar, IIT BAhmet Acar, METU
Knight Hall(Presidents of Univs.)
Sunday, October 19Workshops9 am – 12:15 pm Solar Energy & Energy
StorageBrauer 12
9 am – 12:15 pm Cleaner Utilization of Coal Whitaker Hall
2 pm – 5 pm Air Quality & Policy Brauer 3015
2 pm – 5 pm MAGEEP Education Network
Brauer 12