Energy efficient heat pumps,from “standard”

to “seasonal” performances

Rehva Clima 2016

May 2016

Sandrine MARINHAS

s.marinhas@eurovent-certification.com

Thermodynamics - Head of Department

+33 1 75 44 71 54

Workshop plan

15:30 IntroductionWhat is a directive ? A regulation ?

What is market surveillance ?

What is a standard ?

What is certification ?

Questions

15:40 Minimum requirements, labelling,

testing, and certification regarding

Air Conditioners,

Heat Pumps and Variable

Refrigerant Flow Systemsin cooling and heating mode

Questions

16:15 Minimum requirements, labelling,

testing, and certification regarding

Chillers and Heat Pumpsand Hybrid Systems

in heating and cooling mode

Questions

16:45 Incentives

16:50 Discussion

2/30 May 2016

Introduction…about how EU institutions

Directive = Legal act of the European Union requiring member states to achieve a result without dictating means of achieving it

Has to be combined with implementing measures which can be different from one country to another, also called national transposition

Ex: Energy performance of Buildings (EPBD)

European Regulation = Common piece of legislation applicable in all countries of the EU at the same time

Our products are nowadays falling into these texts, already into force or in final stages of preparation

3/30 May 2016

Market surveillancein the EU

• To protect consumers from dangerous products but also to ensure a level playing field for reputable businesses

• Is the responsibility of the Member States for non-food consumer products

• Relevant national authorities check whether products meet the applicable requirements, take necessary steps to make sure that products are compliant, exchange information (RAPEX) and apply sanctions when necessary

4/30 May 2016

• Generally considered as having potential of improvement due too low and not harmonised national budgets, new package of measures under discussion to strengthen mandatory market surveillance

Standardsin Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning and

Refrigeration (HVAC&R)5/30 May 2016

• Reference documents, giving definitions, test methods, test conditions and/or requirements (ex: safety) to be met

• Not mandatory unless reference is made to them in European or national legal documents

• European EN standards are approved in Technical Committees and developed Working Groups of CEN, and automatically prevail to any corresponding national standard (ex: Dansk Standard in Denmark, NF in France, DIN in Germany…)

• International ISO standards are approved and developed in ISO TCs and WGs, but EN can cohabit with them

“Harmonised”standards

• « Harmonised » ?

There are annexes in the standard referring to the relevant EU regulations (Annex ZA)

• Harmonised standards for

Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling

EN 14511:2013-3 Test methods How to test Coefficient of performance (COP) or Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

EN 14825:2016 Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance

6/30 May 2016

Third-party certificationfor HVAC&R products

• To give assurance that an organization, its professional skills, process, services, and/or products meet the requirements set out in a reference standard

• Business-to-business voluntary process for manufacturers and distributors

• Gives written assurance through publication of data on a public website(s) and/or certificates

7/30 May 2016

• Managed by an independent body, recognized by the authorities trough ISO 17065 accreditation (Ex: COFRAC in France, member of MRA)

Our CertificationHow does it work? Accredited ISO 17065

8/30

Delivery, verification of testing object

Testing in an independent laboratory

Comparison declared vs. measured dataIf necessary: correction of catalogues or software

Review, Approval, Certificate and

Publication of data www.certita.org &

www.eurovent-certification.com

File rejected

Declaration listsProduct ranges (and models)

+ Technical characteristics & Performances

or Selection software

Visit of the

Production

place

May 2016

After study of the list

SelectionRandom selection of models

No. of tests based on lifetime of models

or Selection software

Selection on-site

Comparison

produced vs.

declared

Air Conditioners& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW

• Air-to-air units, heating and/or cooling function, below 12 kW

• Eco-design for Energy related products (ErP) regulations 206/2012 and Labelling 626/2011

• Manufacturers are required to declare the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) & Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP)

• Products have to meet the energy efficiency thresholds since 1st January 2013 (“Tier 1”) and 1st Jan. 2014 (“Tier 2”) (revision in Consultation Forum before 1st Jan. 2018)

• Thresholds depend on Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the refrigerant

9/30 May 2016

Indoor Unit (Cassette type)

Remote

Control

Outdoor Unit

Air Conditioners& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW

10/30 May 2016

• Since 1st Jan. 2014

Requirements for minimum energy efficiency (Table 6)

Note: Requirements for maximum sound power level (Table 5)

GWP (R410A) = 2088GWP (R32) = 675

Air Conditioners& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW

• 3 climatezones:

Average,

Warmer and

Colder

but whysesonal ?

and why 3 climates ?

11/30 May 2016

2013 : A to G

2015 : A+ to F

2017 : A++ to E

2019 : A+++ to D

• Evolutive labelling scheme

From « standard »…

• EN 14511 defines one set of conditions at which we used to rate thermodynamic HVAC systems for COP and EER

12/30 May 2016

…to « seasonal »technical definitions:

Important EN 14825 temperatures

• Operating Limit Temperature TOL

Temperature below which unit cannot work

• Bivalent Temperature Tbiv

Temperature at which capacity of the unit and load demand are equal ; below Tbiv, capacityhas to be completed by an electrical back-up heater

13/30 May 2016

• Design Temperature Tdesignand Capacity Pdesign = Prated

Design temperature depending of the climate, at which the heat pumpshall be rated

SCOPPart load conditions,

weighted with “bin hours” 14/30 May 2016

Note:

Takes also into account degradation coefficients Cc when demand is so low that load ratio stops reducing continuously and units starts on/off

Auxiliariesand Efficiency ηs

Off-mode power Poff

When the unit is switched off

Standby mode power Psb

When the HP is manually deactivated but can be reactivated by remote control

Thermostat off mode power Pto

When the HP is deactivated by thermostat

Cranckcase heater Pck

When the cranckase heater is on (to avoid refrigerant to migrate to the compressor to limit refrigerant concentration in oil at compressor start)

15/30 May 2016

ηs=SCOP

2.5−F(i)

F(1) = 3% for temperature

regulation

F(2) = 5% for electrical

consumption for pumping of

geothermal heat pumps

ACs, Variable refrigerant Flow Systems Rooftops & Heat pumps 12 kW – 1MWh/2MWc

• Applies to air-to-air units, heating and/or cooling function, above 12 kW, up to 1MW in heating mode and 2 MW in cooling mode

• Eco-design for Energy related products (ErP) regulation ??/2016, not published yet, out for scrutiny in December 2015 untill 23 April 2016, expected very soon (including Transitional Method)

• No labelling (B-to-B) but mandatory information about data to calculateefficiency need to be available

• Minimum requirements scheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc)

16/30 May 2016

Heating mode 2018 2021

Air-to-air heat pump, driven by an electric motor,

except rooftop heat pump 133 137

Rooftop heat pump 115 125

Air-to-air heat pump, driven by an internal

combustion engine 120 130

Cooling mode 2018 2021

GWP > 150 GWP ≤ 150 GWP > 150 GWP ≤ 150

Air-to-air air conditioners, driven by an electric

motor, except rooftop air conditioners 181 163 189 170

Rooftop air conditioners 117 105 138 124

Air-to-air air conditioners, driven by an internal

combustion engine 157 141 167 150

GWP (R152a) = 124GWP (R134a) = 1430GWP (R407c) = 1800GWP (R410A) = 2088

Certification challengesfor Air-to-Air units

• Organisation of tests on 141 Reversible Air Conditioners, 31 Rooftops and 34 VRF for 2015 campaign, with deliveries from April 2015

• Second tests to be organised when necesary

• Audits of 9 VRF factories from 2016

• Test of Rooftops with downflow vertical impossible

• Current maximum heating capacity limited to :

2 Indoor Units (IU) for calorimetric chamber (units ≤12 kW)

2 cassette type IU up to 20 kWh

4 ducted IU up to 50 kWh

• Extension of laboratory expected Spring 2017

8 cassette type IU up to 100 kWh

12 ducted IU up to 100 kWh

While regulation goes up to 1MW, note that market uses modules for large ACs and VRFs

17/30 May 2016

Process and Comfort Chillersand Hydronic Heat pumps

• ErP regulation 2015/1095 applies to process chillers, with minimum Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio (SEPR)

“Low” water outlet temperature -25°C

“Medium” water outlet temperature -8°C

• ErP regulation ??/2016 applies to air heating products, cooling products as comfort chillers (SEER) and high temperature process chillers (SEPR)

“High” water outlet temperature +7°C for process (medium for comfort)

“Low” water outlet temperature +18°C for comfort

• ErP regulation 813/2013 applies to space heaters (i.e. providing heat to

water-based central heating systems) below 400 kW since Sept. 2015

• Labelling 811/2013 applies to space heaters below 70 kW since Sept. 2015, 3 climate zones

“Low” water outlet temperature +35°C

“High” water outlet temperature +55°C

18/30 May 2016

Process and Comfort Chillersand Hydronic Heat pumps

19/30 May 2016

2016 2018

• 2015/1095: Minimum requirements on SEPR 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 for low (-25°C) and medium (-8°C) temperature

Process and Comfort Chillers20/30 May 2016

2018 2021

GWP >

150

GWP ≤

150

GWP

> 150

GWP

≤ 150

Air-to-water chillers < 400 kW (electric motor) 149 134 161 145

Air-to-water chillers ≥ 400 kW (electric) 161 145 185 167

Water/brine to-water chillers < 400 kW (electric motor) 196 179 200 180

Water/brine to-water chillers 400 kW-1500 (electric motor) 227 204 252 227

Water/brine to-water chillers ≥ 1500 kW (electric motor) 245 220 272 245

Air-to-water comfort chillers (internal combustion engine) 144 130 154 139

Heat transfer

mediumRated refrigeration capacity

2016

Min. SEPR value

2018

Min. SEPR value

AirPA < 400 kW 4.5 5.0

PA > 400 kW 5.0 5.5

Water

PA < 400 kW 6.5 7.0

400 kW - 1500 kW 7.5 8.0

PA > 1500 kW 8.0 8.5

• ??/2016: Min. requirements on SEPR for high temperature (+7°C) scheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc)

• ??/2016: Min. requirements on ηcscheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc) (+7 or +18°C)

Hydronic Heat pumps

Sept. 2015 Sept. 2017

ηs,h

Water Low temperature (+35 °C) 115 125

Water High temperature (+55 °C) 100 110

21/30 May 2016

• 813/2016: Min. requirements on ηs,h

Dual-service Heat pumpsDomestic hot water

• ErP regulation 814/2013 applies to water heaters below 400 kW and storage tanks below 2000 litres

• Labelling 812/2013 applies to water heaters below 70 kW and storage tanks below 500 litres

• ErP regulation 813/2013 applies to combination heaters (i.e. providing heat

to heating and domestic hot water) below 400 kW since Sept. 2015

• Labelling 811/2013 applies to combination heaters below 70 kW since Sept. 2015

22/30 May 2016

• Test standard EN 16147 - Heat pumps with electrically driven compressors - Testing and requirements for marking of domestic hot water units

Dual-service Heat pumpsDomestic Hot Water (DHW)

23/30 May 2016

2015 [813 & 814]

2017 water heaters [814]

Water heating energy efficiency

2017 combination heaters [813]

2018 water heaters [814]

60% 64%

• 813/2016 and 814/216: Min. requirements on ηHW

Bonus 3% for smart regulation

Dual-service Heat pumpsDomestic Hot Water (DHW)

• ‘mixed water at 40 °C’ V40 = quantity of water at 40 °C, which has the same heat content (enthalpy) as the hot water which is delivered above 40 °C at the output of the water heater

• Min. requirements for storage water heaters

24/30 May 2016

Declared load profile 3XS XXS-XS S

V40 7 litres 15 litres 36 litres

Hybrid systems25/30 May 2016

Pilot : €, CO2 or

primary energy

Storage tank

Gas or fioul

burner

Heat Pump

Split or Monobloc

Solution for

replacement of

old burners

Tests according

to EN 13203-5

for DHW

Certification challenges

• Organisation of tests on 267 chillers and hydronic heat pumps and hybrid systems, for 2015 test campaign, renewed every year

• Second tests to be organised when necessary

• Audit of ~60 factories, renewed every year

• European testing capabilities are limited:

below -10°C

above 100 kW for heating function

• Standard for testing of hybrid EN 13203-5 for DHW indicates to determine capacity of HP even from high water temperature as +55°C, but the product is not intended for this use (the burner switches on) and some HP cannot reach this water temperature

• New refrigerants coming (F-gas) ?

26/30 May 2016

RegulationsTable to sum-up

Heating

Heat Pump, Hybrid

Cooling

Air conditioner, Chiller

Eco-design Labelling Eco-design Labelling

Air cond.

and HP

≤ 12 kW 206/2015 626/2011 206/2015 626/2011

>12 kW ??/2016 ??/2016

Chillers

and

HP

-25°C2015/1095

-8°C

+7°C??/2016

+18°C

+35°C813/2013 811/2013

+55°C

Hot water Single 814/2013 812/2013

Comb. 813/2013 811/2013

27/30 May 2016

Incentives and Labels through Europe

Belgium: Primes Energies

Italy: Tax incentives for minimum HP with minimum COP

Denmark: Sparenergi

France: Crédit d’Impôt Transition Energétique

Germany: BAFA

The Netherlands: Tax incentives

Norway: ENOVA

Do you have other examples or more details ?

28/30 May 2016

Discussion

How can actors contribute ?

Is labelling too simple ?

Is testing too complex ?

Who controls what, when and how ?

How much can we afford for controls ?

Challenges at European level

29/30 May 2016

Thanks for your attention

Looking for a job position in Paris?

Contact us

Sandrine MARINHAS

s.marinhas@eurovent-certification.com

Thermodynamics - Head of Department

+33 1 75 44 71 54