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Energy efficiency: What innovative solutions are available to reduce losses?
Dr. Katsutoshi TodaFellow, Grid Aggregation Division and Special Corporate Advisor
Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
Japan
CHALLENGES FACING IN AFRICA “T & D” SECTOR
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Challenges
High
T & D Losses
Low Electrification
Rate
Vandalism
Lack of Funds
Innovative Solutions To Overcome Challenges in Africa T & D Sector
High
T & D Losses
To use Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformers in order to reduce Distribution losses in the T & D network
Vandalism
To use Gas Insulated Transformers in order to overcome Vandalism , as there is no copper and oil inside
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Transformer is the 2nd largest contributor
to T & D loss (2-3%) . A distribution
transformer is one of the last equipment in
supply chain of electricity to the
consumers.
Electricity Power Flow from Generation to Distribution
AMORPHOUS METAL CORE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
Why Amorphous Metal for Transformers?
Hysteresis Loss:Random molecular structure of amorphous metal
causes less friction than SiFe when a magnetic field
is applied. This unique property which allows ease of
magnetization & demagnetization significantly lowers
hysteresis losses in amorphous metals.
Eddy Current Loss:
Amorphous metals have very thin laminations. Thin
laminations result in lower eddy current losses ascompared to Si Fe.
Low Hysteresis and Low Eddy Current losses leads to Significant Reduction in
No Load Loss
Features and Benefits of Amorphous Trfs
Why Amorphous Transformers are Energy Efficient and Eco Friendly?
• Guaranteed Savings Potential in losses over lifetime through reduced No Load Losses.
• Low Life Cycle Cost (or) Low Total Owning Cost
• Reduction in T & D losses is equivalent to saving in Power Generation.
• Saving in Power Generation leads to reduced co2 emissions.
Typical Loss Comparison of Energy Efficient Transformers
(AMDT Vs CRGO):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rating(KVA)
CRGO AMDTReduction(%)
NLL (W) NLL (W) NLL
50 90 52 42%
100 145 90 38%
200 310 155 50%
315 440 245 44%
630 600 370 38%
1000 770 470 39%
TTDI’s Supply Record of AMDT’s across the globe:
Africa Region Europe RegionAsia Pacific
RegionSouth America
Region
Nigeria Italy India Chile
Uganda United Kingdom Bangladesh Brazil
Mauritius Sweden Philippines Peru
Ghana Romania Australia Uruguay
Ethiopia Spain Malaysia -----
Seychelles Finland ----- -----
Tunisia ----- ----- -----
Savings in Power Generation Capacity, Money and Carbon Emissions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy savings & Payback calculations by using
Amorphous Core Distribution Transformers
Energy Savings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rating
CIF Price in USD
(for explanation purpose only)
Extra Investment on
Amorphous Transformers
(USD)CRGO Amorphous
100 kVA, 11/0.420kV 2705 3000 295
Losses CRGO (W) Amorphous (W)
NLL (W) 175 60
LL (W) 1315 1195
NLL Saved
(W )
LL Saved
(W )
Annual Savings in kWh
(Watts x LLF x 8760 Hrs)/1000
Annual Savings
in USD
Due to NLL
with LLF 1.0
Due to LL with
LLF 0.5*Total kWh
@unit kWh= 0.08
USD
115 120 1007.40 526.60 1533 122.64
Payback Calculations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of
Years
Extra investment
on Purchase of
One Amorphous
Transformer
(AMDT)
(USD)
Interest
on extra investment
@ X% per
year
Energy cost
$/kWh
Cost of
energy saved
for
kWh/year
Extra
investment
(principal)
carried forward
Remarks
10.25% 0.08 2212.00
1 295.00 30.23 $ 0.08 122.64 202.60
Payback
Starts from
3rd
year
2 202.60 20.77 $ 0.08 122.64 100.72
3 100.72 10.32 $ 0.08 122.64 (11.59)
4 (11.59) -1.19 $ 0.08 122.64 (135.42)
5 (135.42) -13.88 $ 0.08 122.64 (271.94)
6 (271.94) -27.87 $ 0.08 122.64 (422.45)
Net Present Value (NPV) of Cost of Energy saved = USD 1,090.00** Transformer life assumed is 25 years.
Number of years
Ex
tra S
avin
gs
earn
ed
by u
sin
g A
mo
rph
ou
s T
rfs
Extra Savings earned by using Amorphous
Cost of Energy Saved
Extra Savings Earned by using Amorphous Transformers (USD)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Energy Efficient Solutions with Amorphous Transformer
Option-1: Amorphous Transformer with Aluminum Winding
Option-2: Amorphous Transformer with Ester Oil
Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformer
with Aluminum winding
Aluminium is the third most abundant element of
the Earth’s crust
Future of Electrical Industry, due to scarcity of
Copper
Option for Reusability and Recyclable for Kitchen
Utensils, Vehicle parts & Aluminum cans.
Lesser Price Fluctuation
Aluminium costs a lot less than copper and thus
brings commercial advantages.
• Aluminium has a very thin layer of oxides on the
surface, which stops air and water getting to the
metal, resisting corrosion.
The higher resistivity of aluminium gives
inherently lower eddy losses in the windings. This
mitigates the risk for hot spots
Advantages of Aluminum
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amor+Al
Low Losses
Energy Efficient
Environment
FriendlyEconomical
Recyclable
Benefits of Amorphous with Aluminium
Energy Efficient Amorphous Transformer with Ester Oil
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ester OilAmorphous Transformer
Energy Efficient, Low Loss, Environmental Friendly and Long Life Transformer
• Saving in No-Load losses leads to significant reduction in T & D losses.
• Saving in Power Generation capacity leads to reduced Co2 emissions.
• Low Life Cycle Cost
Increased fire safety
Environmentally Friendly
Increased Transformer life/overloading capability
Amorphous Ester Oil
Benefits of Amorphous with Ester Oil-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GAS INSULATED TRANSFORMERS (GIT)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why Gas Insulated for Transformers?
To overcome Vandalism
No Copper Inside
No Oil Inside
Oil Insulated
Transformers
Gas Insulated
Transformers
Dry Type
Transformers
Efficiency High High Low
Dimensions Low Low High
Weight Low Low High
Cost 1 unit 1.5 unit 2.5 unit
Environment
Friendlyless High High
Safety levels Less High High
Outdoor suitability High High Low
Advantages of Gas Insulated Transformers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We would like to hear from you. We are here.
Corporate office & works:
Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Pvt. LtdRudraram village, Patancheru Mandal, Sangareddy District
Telangana state, India. PIN 502329.
Tel: +91 40 3071 2222
Fax: +91 40 3071 7370
Email : [email protected]
Website: www.toshiba-ttdi.com
TTDI in Hyderabad, India
Thank you !