energy data innovation network ga n. 695916 - edi_net

D4.1Overviewofsmartmetering EDI-Net30.04.2017 695916

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EnergyDataInnovationNetwork

GAN. 695916

DeliverableTitleD4.1OverviewofsmartmeteringinGermany,SpainandtheUnitedKingdom

DeliverableLead: empirica

RelatedWorkPackage: WP4:Trainingmaterialpreparation

RelatedTask: T4.1Developtrainingandsupportmaterials

T2.2DefineserviceanddevelopintegrateddataanalyticsplatformMainAuthor(s): GeorgVogt(empirica)

OtherAuthor(s):

DisseminationLevel: Public

DueSubmissionDate: 30.04.2017

ActualSubmission: 30.04.2017

ProjectNumber 695916

Instrument: H2020-EE-2015-3-MarketUptake

StartDateofProject: 01.03.2016

Duration: 36months

Abstract This Deliverable provides a summary of critical requirements regardingsmartmeteringfrominstitutionalorganisationssuchasmunicipalities.An

overviewofcurrentlegalbackgroundonEuropeanandnationallevelfor

Germany,SpainandtheUnitedKingdom(factsheets)isprovided.

ProjectfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundertheH2020Programme


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VersioningandContributionHistory

Version Date Modifiedby Modificationreason

v.01 05.01.2017 GeorgVogt Firstdraft

v.02 02.02.2017 GeorgVogt Seconddraft

v.03 10.03.2017 GeorgVogt Thirddraft

v.04 21.04.2017 GeorgVogt Pre-QArefinement

v.05 26.04.2017 CarlHolland PeerReview

v.06 28.04.2017 CarlHolland Finaldraft

ExecutiveSummary

This Deliverable, D4.1 Overview of smart metering in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom,

providesasummaryofcriticalrequirementsregardingsmartmeteringfrominstitutionalorganisationssuch

asmunicipalities.

The focus lies on barriers from or through smart metering (chapter 2). The issues are collected as

requirementsandcritical for thosemunicipalitieswhichhavealready investedeffort inenergyefficiency

throughdatacollection(AMR)andICT-basedenergymanagementsystems.Allrequirementsidentifiedare

currently not fully met by national regulation and law in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. Allrequirementsarespecifiedandbackgroundprovided.WhereapplicableexistingorproposedEUregulation

is cited as to whether it might remedy the requirements identified. Where applicable remarks and

recommendations aremade as towhat changesmight be necessary or helpful. The requirementswerecollectedbythethreepilotmunicipalitiesinEDI-Net.Itisplannedtorefinetherequirementswithfurther

authorities(PPAs)implementingEDI-Net.

AnoverviewonEuropeanrulesdrivingthedeploymentofsmart-metering,nationalimplementationanddata

collectionisprovided(chapter3).Ageneraloverviewonprogresswithsmart-meteringisprovidedacrossEuropewithadditional figuresavailable forGermany,SpainandtheUnitedKingdomprovided inthefact

sheets(chapter4).Duetothelackofavailablestatistics,somedatacanonlybeprovidedfortheresidential

sector.However,asobligationtoinstallsmartmetersisoftenbasedontheamountofconsumption,itisa

helpfulproxy.

Therequirementslaidoutinthisdocumentarecrucialformunicipalitiestobecomesmartcities.Without

accesstoveryfundamentaldatawithoutextracost,itwillbehardtointegratepublicbuildingsinsmartgrids

despite their great potential to provide, for instance, demand response and flexibility services through

cooling and heating systems. Same applies to utilising public parking spaces attached to even smallerbuildingsincludingteachersbeingabletochargetheircarsatschools.Smartmetersareacoreelementand

dataaccesstosmartmeterdatamustbecomereliableandavailableinnearreal-timewhichitcurrentlyis

not.


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TableofContents

1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................4

2 Smartmeteringbarriersinpublicbuildings..............................................................................................5

2.1 Definitionofsmartmeters................................................................................................................5

2.2 RegulatoryoverviewtobarriersonEuropeanandnationallevel.....................................................6

2.3 Smartmeterrequirementsforpublicbuildings................................................................................6

2.4 Barriersbeyondpublicbuildings.....................................................................................................11

2.5 Futurestepsandrecommendation.................................................................................................12

3 Statusquo:RegulationandProgress.......................................................................................................13

3.1 ECregulationandcommunication..................................................................................................13

3.2 Dataprivacy–RelevantEuropeanRegulation................................................................................16

3.3 FutureECdataprotectiondirective................................................................................................17

3.4 Dataprivacy–Relevantnationallegislation/regulation................................................................17

3.5 Progresswithsmartmetering(inhouseholds)...............................................................................18

4 Factsheets...............................................................................................................................................22

4.1 Germany..........................................................................................................................................22

4.2 Spain................................................................................................................................................23

4.3 UnitedKingdom...............................................................................................................................25

Figures

Figure1-Energysourcesinnon-residentialbuildingsinEU............................................................................4


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1 Introduction

Thisdeliverabledescribeskeybarriersresultingfromdeploymentofsmartmetersandcrucialrequirementsfromtheperspectiveofmunicipalities.CurrentactivitiesonEuropeanandnationallevelfocusmostlyonthe

residential sector, ignoring the potential impact on already existing infrastructure of Automatic Meter

Reading(AMR)andenergymanagementsystemshavingachievedsavingsforoveradecadeespeciallyby

municipalitiesleadingbyexample.Around34%ofenergyusedinbuildingsisconsumedinthenon-residentialsector1. German communities consumed 127.7PJ in 2013 ofwhich¾where for heatwith the share for

electricitycontinuouslyincreasing2;intotal,costforenergyamountto4billionEuroeveryyear.3

Figure1-Energysourcesinnon-residentialbuildingsinEU4

Chapter 2 describes a brief introduction into the definition of smartmeters, the barriers resulting fromcommonpractiseinthepilotcountriesandrequirementsgatheredacrossmunicipalitieswhichneedtobe

overcome for smart meters not develop into a major barrier for already existing data driven energy

management.

Chapter3and4providethecurrentlegalbackgroundonEuropeanandnationallevelforGermany,Spain

andtheUnitedKingdom(factsheets).Itcontainsbasicdataonsmartmetersalreadyinstalled,thelegislation

and itshistoryaswellasdataprivacyregulationwhich isstrongly linkedwiththeroll-outofsmartmeter

(gateway).

1Theremaining66%areusedintheresidentialsector.2http://www.bfee-online.de/bfee/informationsangebote/publikationen/bfee_berichte_publikationen/merkblatt_bfee_berichte_zur_energieeffizienz_vorbild_oefffentlicher_sektor.pdf3https://www.dena.de/themen-projekte/energieeffizienz/oeffentliche-hand/4empirica,sourcesOdyssee-Project,eurostat


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2 Smartmeteringbarriersinpublicbuildings

Thischapterprovidesabrief introductionofdefinitionstodistinguishbetweensmartmetersandAMRas

well differences across resources. After a brief overviewon general barriers, specific requirements frommunicipalitiesaredescribedtoensureenergysavingmeasurescanprevailwherealreadyconducedandbe

spreadtoothercitieswithoutmajorcostutilisingsmartmeters.

2.1 Definitionofsmartmeters

TheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)definesa“smartmeter”with“instrumentformeasuring,

memorizinganddisplayingtheconsumptionofacommodity[...]withadditionalfunctionalitiesoneofwhich

isdatacommunication”.ThelegalrequirementstobetransposedbyMemberStatesarecurrentlyfixedin

theEnergyEfficiencyDirectiveArt9(2)5including“providinginformationonactualtimeofuse”,“security”,“customer’s right to request data”. These broad termswere accommodated by ten “commonminimum

functionalrequirements”asdefinedinthe“Commissionrecommendationonpreparationsfortheroll-outof

smartmeteringsystems”6:

• Providereadingsdirectlytothecustomerandanythirdpartydesignatedbytheconsumer• Updatethereadingsreferredabovefrequentlyenoughtoallowtheinformationtobeusedtoachieve

energysavings• Allowremotereadingofmetersbytheoperator.• Provide two-way communication between the smart metering system and external networks for

maintenanceandcontrolofthemeteringsystem• Allowreadingstobetakenfrequentlyenoughfortheinformationtobeusedfornetworkplanning• Supportadvancedtariffsystems.• Allowremoteon/offcontrolofthesupplyand/orfloworpowerlimitation• Providesecuredatacommunications• Fraudpreventionanddetection• Provideimport/exportandreactivemetering

TheSmartGridTaskForcehasidentifiedandselectedbestavailabletechniquestosuittherecommendations

inMay20167. In themeantime,MemberStateshave inpartalready laidout theirown interpretationof

necessaryrequirementsbasedonthelegalnormnotnecessarilyfollowingtheEC’srecommendations.

Asforelectricitytheproposedrecastofthedirectiveforacommonrulesfortheinternalmarketinelectricitydefines“‘smartmeteringsystem’asanelectronicsystemthatcanmeasureenergyconsumption,providing

moreinformationthanaconventionalmeter,andcantransmitandreceivedataforinformation,monitoring

andcontrolpurposes,usingaformofelectroniccommunication”8. It furtherdefines ‘interoperability’and‘near-realtime’amongothers.Thesedefinitionsneedtobeadoptedbytheco-legislatorstoenterintoeffect.

5EED(2012/27/EU)6COM(2012)1342finalCommissionrecommendationonpreparationsfortheroll-outofsmartmeteringsystems7SGTF(2016)WP2TechniquesClustering-IdentificationandSelectionofBestAvailableTechniquesforthe10commonminimumfunctionalrequirementsrelatedtotheSmartMeteringSystemroll-outunderaCyber-SecurityandPrivacyPerspective

8COM(2016)864,p53


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Finally,itshouldalsobenotedthatwater,heatandgasmetersinstalledbysuppliersusuallyrelyonbatteries

oftenlimitingthefrequencyofdataacquisitioninbenefitofrange9.Anystakeholderhavingimplementedan

AMRhasinvestedefforttoprovideasourceofenergytoensurefrequentdatarecordingsandrange.Hence,evenifsmartmetersareinstalled,incertainaspects,theywillremainlessadvancedthanalreadyexisting

AMRinstalledorwidelyavailableinthemarket.Therefore,smartmetersshouldbeabletoconnecttoexisting

(sub-)meters,collectthedataandcommunicatethecompletedataset,atleasttoalocalinterface.

2.2 RegulatoryoverviewtobarriersonEuropeanandnationallevel

Thedeploymentof“smartmeters”,itself,isbecomingabarrierforimprovingenergyefficiencyspecifically

inpublicbuildings.LeicesterCityCouncil,forinstance,startedintroducingAutomaticMeterReading(AMR)systemsin2004andmonitoraround780mainmetersalone(electricity,gasandwater).Wheneversuppliers

installsmartmeterstheyregularlydisconnectthecustomeraccessfromtheoldmeterandmunicipalitiesare

no longerabletomonitorthebuildingunlessthey investasecondtime.Moreover,thedatarecordedby

suppliersisgenerallynotavailableinsufficientresolution,poorlyaccessibleonline(e.g.PDFfiles)andformatsdiffer across suppliers. Municipalities having “lead by example” to increase energy efficiency of their

buildingsstockusingICTareconfrontedwithhavingmoreandmoredifficultiestoaccessthedatatheyhad

alreadyaccesstoforyears.

Thewinterpackageonenergy2016(CleanEnergyforallEuropeans),makesimmenseprogressonaspectsofmarketparticipationsuchastradingflexibilityandself-producedelectricity10buttheprogressisnotequally

met for gas11 and the secondary effects on ‘plain and simple’ energy saving behind the meter are not

sufficientlyconsidered.Theseeffectsbecomemoreobviousthemoremeteringpoints–oftenhundreds–

needtobehandledandareoftenrunbydifferentoperators12.Moreover,evenifthephysical installationitself ishandledbyoneoperator,onlineplatforms,dataformatsandbusinessprocessvaryacrossenergy

providers,thecustomers’accesspointtosmartmeterfunctionalities.Asaconsequence,municipalitieswill

alsobelessabletoimplementpoliciesandprocessesforsupplysidemarketactions(e.g.flexibility,demandresponse), the primary goal of smartmetering, across a large number of buildings. In short, current EU

legislationandcommunicationassumesastraightforwardrelationshipbetweencustomer,metersandutility

which does not apply inmunicipalitieswhere centralised energy departmentsmanage large and diverse

portfolioofbuildingsoftenwiththeirownenergycontracts.

2.3 Smartmeterrequirementsforpublicbuildings

Thissectiondescribesaseriesoftechnicalandprocessrequirementsimportantformunicipalities(andmost

likelyothernon-residentialactors).Thetitlesummarisesthekeyrequirementandfurtherspecification isprovided along with the background explaining, for instance, adverse effects of displacement etc. If

9MetersforelectricitycanfeedonthesourceitselfandsometimeschoosePLCtotransferdata10COM(2016)864final–Recastofdirectiveforacommonrulesfortheinternalmarketinelectricity11COM(2016)761final–Recastofdirective2012/27/EUonenergyefficiency12Inthemajorityofcasestheoperatorofmetersisthe‘districtserviceoperator’(DSO).However,toavoidconfusion,thedocumentwillreferto(smart)meteroperators.


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referencesinexistingorupcomingregulationorstandardsexist,theyarebrieflysummarised,occasionally

followedbyabriefremark.

2.3.1 Technical

T1Physicalinterfacetoaccessdatastreamsfrommeterlocallyallowingassetmanagement

Specification: As themetering device itself and the smartmeter gateway, heavily restricted by security

requirementsetc,areoftencombinedinonedevice,theinterfaceshouldbe“before”thedataentersthe

gateway. This is particularly relevant if the final smartmeter (gateway) collects data from smartmetersoperatedbyanypartyotherthanthemunicipality.Datafromeachsub-metershouldbeaccessiblethrough

theinterface.Thesmartmetershouldalsoprovidetheenergywhichisnecessarytorunthesubmeters/

consumption sensors. In short, a smart meter gateway compliant with this requirement would need amultipleprotocolinterfaceand/oraEuropeanstandardizedinterface(e.g.M-Bus).

Background:Ifsmartmeterscomewithoutasimpleinterfaceandatacosttheywilldisplaceinvestmentsfor

AMRandthefrequencyneededtoperformcertainbuildingmanagementtasks.Furthermore,themandate

M/441onstandardisingsmartmetersonEuropeanleveldoesnotseemtocovertheproblematall:“Dataexchangewith other systems e.g. systems for physicalmater installation andmeter assetmanagement,

thoughofimportancetocustomers,meteroperatorsandsuppliers,arebeyondthescopeofthismandate.”13

Reference:Article20(e)oftheproposalforcommonrulesfortheinternalmarketinelectricitystates:“iffinal

customersrequestit,meteringdataontheirelectricityinputandoff-takeshallbemadeavailabletothem,viaalocalstandardisedcommunicationinterfaceand/orremoteaccess,ortoathirdpartyactingontheir

behalf,inaneasilyunderstandableformat”.

Remark:Itisassumedthat“customers”refertoanykindofcustomerincludingmunicipalities.Noresembles

existsforthegasmarket.

T2Datainterfacetoensureinteroperabilitywithconsumerenergymanagementplatforms

Specification:Thehighlevelfunctionalitydefinedinon-goingstandardisation“[t]oprovideinformationvia

webportal/gatewaytoanin-home/buildingdisplayorauxiliaryequipment”ideallyimplementsa“HomeArea

Network”(HAN)toallowaccesstodatacollected.Theon-goingGermanspecificationbyBSIforeseesaccesstoatleastquarter-hourlydata14.

Furthermore,theHANaccesspointshouldprovide“push”functionalityforeachnewdatapackagetoaserver

confirmedandverifiedinthegateway.Thiscouldalsoberesolvedviaemail.

Background:Energymanagersmustbeenabledtousespecialisedenergymanagementsoftwarecapableof

to detecting wastage across a wide portfolio of buildings. Otherwise any form of rule and notification

automatisationwillnotbepossibleormoreexpensivestaffneedstobeemployedtocontinuouslyensuring

maximumenergy efficiency off. Additional staff or having to install AMR, in parallel to smartmeters, to

13CEN/CLC/ETSI/TR50572:2011,p2014https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Themen/DigitaleGesellschaft/SmartMeter/UebersichtSP-TR/uebersicht_node.html


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ensuresuchfunctionallywouldreducethecost-benefitratioofenergyefficiencymakesomewastagethe

mosteconomicalalternative.

Suchhighlevelusecasesarecurrentlynotbeingfollowedinnationalregulationandlaw.InGermany,suchfunctionalitywouldbeexplicitlyforbidden.

Reference: Article 19(3) of the proposal for common rules for the internal market in electricity states:

“MemberStatesshallensuretheinteroperabilityofthesesmartmeteringsystemsaswellastheirconnectivitywithconsumerenergymanagementplatforms.”

Remark:Though the sameparagraph also enforces “relevant standards” and “best practice” it does not

specify them.More importantly, there is no procedure stated for consumers to complain about lack of

interoperabilityorbodytobeaddressedforsuchmatters(seealsoP1).

T3Datareadingsmustbemadeavailablewithinlessthanfiveminutesafterrecording

Specification:Datamustberecordedandmadeavailableinnearreal-time.

Background: InSpain, smartmeters forelectricityarebeing rolledoutwidelyanddata recordedat least

everyfifteenminutes.Data,however,ismadeavailableasabulkattheendofthemonthrenderingituselessfor active energymanagement. In Nuremberg, the data of some (“pre-smart-meter generation” costing

EUR1,000perannum)meters15 ismadeavailableon thenextday,butonlyon theutility’swebsite, as a

manuallydownloadablexls-orcsv-document(seeT4below).Electricitymeterdataisprovidedin15-minute

detailandgasmeterreadingsareprovidedinhourlydetail.

Reference:Article2(20)oftheproposalforcommonrulesfortheinternalmarketinelectricitystates:“‘near-

realtime’means,inthecontextofsmartmetering,thetime,usuallydowntoseconds,thatelapsesbetween

datarecordingandtheirautomatedprocessingandtransmissionforuseorinformationpurposes”.

T4OnlineinterfacesmustprovideanAPI(orsimilar)enablingbulkdownloadsfrommultiplemeters

Specification: An opensource and clearly document API must be provided enabling (large) customers,

includingmunicipalities,todownloadlargesetsofdata.Ideally,theAPIisstandardisedaswellasthecontent

ofthedatabaseandformatofdatacollected.

Background: In Nuremberg, there is no way to automatically import the data into electronic energy

managementsystems.NoAPIisprovided.Moreover,onlyconsumptiondataareprovided,nottherawmeter

readingswhichrendersthewholeonlineinterfaceuselessforautomateddownloads.

Reference:Article 24 (1) of the proposal for common rules for the internalmarket in electricity states:“MemberStatesshalldefineacommondataformatandatransparentprocedureforeligiblepartiestohave

accesstothedatalistedunderparagraph1ofArticle23[...]”.

Remark: It isnotclearwhattheterm“transparentprocedure”entails.Does it refertoprocessofgetting

permissiontodownloaddataordownloadingthedataitself?

15Consumptionover100,000kWh/a


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T5Dataconsistencyacrossenergyproviders

Specification:TheEDI-Netconsortiumisableandwillingtocontributetothestandardisationoftheformat.

Background:SmartmeterdataiscurrentlyhiddeninPDFfilesandinvariousformats.Importingdataintomanagement services is cumbersome, costly and riddenwith errormessages. It canbe as simple as the

energyproviderschangingtheschemebywhichfilesarenamed.



Article24(2)furtherdescribesa“commonEuropeandataformatandnon-discriminatoryandtransparent

procedures for accessing the data [...] thatwill replace national data format and procedure adopted byMemberStatesinaccordancewithparagraph1.MemberStatesshallensurethatmarketparticipantsapply

acommonEuropeandataformat”.

Remark: Considerable effort is being invested in this project to provide a common platformnot for the

platformitselfbutforimportingdatafromawiderangeofpartlynon-documentedAPIs.Suchastepasacommonformatandprocedure,assumingitincludestheprocessofaccessingdata,iswelcome.

2.3.2 Process

Thissectiondocumentsfundamentalproblemsrelatedtoenforcementofstandardsandlegalrequirements.Inprinciple,MShaveestablishedabodybutneitherdoesitdefineproceduresnordoesitsimplifytheprocess.EDI-NetprovidesafirstsetofprocedureswhichrequirestandardisationbutitisbeingrecommendedtotenderastudywhichcollectsmostcommoncomplaintproceduresacrossallMStorequire“out-of-court”bodiestostandardiseaccordingprocedurestofastenandsimplifytheprocess.

P1Righttoout-of-courtdisputesettlement–standardisationofprocedures

Specification:MShave implementedsettlement institutions16.Additionally,clearproceduresforfrequent

andstandardisedcomplaintsshouldbemadeavailableonlineandtheprocessdocumentedandaggregatedresultsmadepublictoincreasepressureonDistributionSystemOperators(DSO)etcnotfollowinglegaland

regulatoryrequirements.

Background:Due to the lackof transparencyon complaintproceduresand the interdependencyof local

smartmeteroperatorswiththepublicbody,mostmunicipalitiesrefrainfrommakingpubliccomplaintsandtrytoresolveissueslocally.

Reference: Article 26 (formerly Article 3) defines the settlement procedure referencing a multitude of

definitionsfromotherdirectives.

Remark:AswithothermattersintheMDIthephrasingseemstofocusonend-consumersonly.Complaints

on a particular issue might have to be repeated for each building operated by another body of the

16Forinstance,inGermany,accordingtoarticle§111bEnWG,amediationbody(“SchlichtungsstelleEnergie”)hasbeenestablishedwhichdealswithallenergyrelateddisputesbetweenprivateend-customersandutilities.Theuseofthismediationbodyisfreeofchargeforprivatepersons.


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municipality (e.g. independent schools). Moreover, the Article should be accommodated with guidance

eitherprovidedbyACER,anexternalstudyorintheAnnexofthedirective.

P2Proceduretoenforceinteroperabilityofsmartmeteringsystems

Specification:MemberStatesshouldempowersettlementinstitutionstonotonlycomplywithprocessesasrequestedbylawbutalsotoactonbehalfofthecomplainingpartyattheresponsibleregulatorybodyat

nationalaswellasEuropeanleveltoensurethatalltechnicalspecificationsaremetonnationalandEuropean

level.

Background: InGermany,§75establishestheoptionfortheBundesnetzagenturtoreleaseregulationstoensurecertainstandardsregardingthedatasecurityandthecommunicationofsmartmetergateways.

P3Procedureofpermittingaccessto(third)partydatastreams

Specification:EachsmartmetergatewaywillrequiresettinguptoallowpullingdataviaHAN(seeT2,T3)by

aserverorviapushfunctionality.Thisproceduremustbemadesimpleenoughforamunicipalitytoallowmanaginghundredsofmetersorgivepermissiontoathirdparttodoso.Mostofall,theoperatorofsmart

meters shouldbe required toprovide apool of all smartmeters andmodificationof criteriaofmultiple

gatewaysinonesession.

Background:Ifthechangeofsettingsofanygivengatewayrequiresrepeatedloggingin,itwouldrepresentundueadministrativeburdenonthepartofmunicipalitiestotrulyaccessthefunctionalityofsmartmeters

provided.



Remark: The “transparent procedure” is key and should be promoted in regulation. Past technical

requirements where often met (see example Spain and Germany in T3) but triggered useless due toproceduralbarriersenacted.InLeicester,evendirectcomplaintstosettlementbodieshadnoteffect.

P4Smartmeteroperatorsarerequiredtoannounceinstallationofsmartmeters


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Specification:Municipalitiesrequirehundredsof(smart)meters.Operatorsshouldberequiredtoannounce

anychangesto(any)meteringenablingmunicipalitiestocheckwhetherAMRinstallationswillbeeffected

andagreeonfurtherprocedure.Groupinginstallationandoptimisingschedulestoreducecostsonbothsidesshouldbeobligatoryforconsumersaboveacertainshareoftotalconsumptioninthegrid.

Background:AnyreplacedmeterwithinanAMRsystemhastobeconnectedtothedatacollectionhardware

(e.g.M-Bus)andregisteredintheenergymanagementsoftware.Otherwise,nomoreconsumptiondataistransmitted. InNuremberg,thelocalmeteroperatordoesnot informtheauthorityaboutanychangesto

meters,neitherupfrontnorafterwards.Themunicipality’senergymanagementauthoritywillnoticeanew

meteronlyaftergettinginformedbyajanitororafterownresearchduetomissingconsumptiondata.

P5 Smart meter operators are required to reconnect any existing AMR, or announce the technicalimpossibilityofafailurewhichispunishablebyfee

Specification:Attheveryminimumanyreplacementofmetersshouldhavetobeannouncedtwoweeks.

AnyAMRalreadyonsitehastobereconnectedwiththenewsmartmeter. If itshouldbetechnicallynot

possibleanimmediatenotificationistobesenttotheowner,ideallythroughthesmartmetergatewayitself.Thetechnicalreasonistobedescribedindetail.Anyfailureshouldbepunishablewithcostsinflicted.

Thesettlementbodyshouldbeempoweredtohandlesuchissuesandbeprovidedwithstandardisedforms

andcostsheets.

Background:Asdescribedabove,organisations installing(smart)metersregularlydisconnectAMRswhenreplacinganoldmeter.Generally,thereisnotechnicalreason.Theseorganisationshavenoregardtothe

inflictedcostofhavingtosendstaffforfixingtheissueandtheenergyefficiencylosseswhichmightoccurin

themeantime.

Remark:IfthereisatechnicalreasontonoreconnectanAMR,itislikelytobecommonandgenericissue

whichcanbedescribedwithpreparedtemplateswhichcanbepassedontothetechnicianreplacingthe

meterormessageseasilytriggeredviathesmartmeter.

2.4 Barriersbeyondpublicbuildings

The issues identified above apply to all operators ofmultiple non-residential buildings.Without uniform

accesstodatarecordedinsufficientresolution,centralisedenergymanagementremainsdifficultandwill

requireadditionalhardwarewhichisnotunlikelytobedisconnectedbyutility/DSOstaffatrandomnoticewithoutnotificationincreasingcost.

Withregardtoresidentialbuildings(e.g.socialhousingmanagedbycitycouncils)themostobvioustrade-off

remainswithdataprotection.Oneofthemaingoalsofthesmart-gridistodecreasenetworkcostforwhich,

astabilisationoftheonlocalleveliscrucial.Whilstcommunicationofpricesignallingcanbestandardisedonahighlevelandasmartmetercanpassonthesignalsbehindthemeter,itrequiresallconsumerdevicesto

followthisnorm.Irrespective,suchcontrolwouldonlyoptimisewhenrequestedbythegrid.Itwouldnotbe

abletodetectwaste,orbehindthemeterenergyefficiencypotential.


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2.5 Futurestepsandrecommendation

Developmentofthissection

ThissectionwillbesharedwithPPAsjoiningEDI-Net.PPAswillbeaskedtoprovidefurtherexamplesforany

requirementalreadylistedandgivenopportunitytoaddfurtherrequirements.

DependingontheinterestfromEASMEandtheEC,itcouldbepossibletoallowarankingoftherequirements

acrossPPAsaspartoftheevaluation.

RecommendationtotheEC

ItisrecommendedtheEuropeanCommissioncommissionsastudyresearchingtheadverseeffectsofsmart

meteringfornon-residentialoperatorsinmoredetail.ThecurrentactionMyEnergyfocusesentirelyontheresidentialsector.Thoughsomeadvancementmightbebeneficialforbothsectors,itispossiblethatcertain

requirementsintheresidentialdomainmightbefurtherlimitingtheapplicationofdataforenergysaving

and efficiency measures in the non-residential sector. The current and future legislation does not

differentiate,however,evidenceisonlyprovidedfortheresidentialsector.


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3 Statusquo:RegulationandProgress

Thissectiondoesaccepttheterm“smartmeter”asithasbeenusedbyitsoriginalsource.

ThefollowingsectionsummariseskeyEuropeanlegislationandbackgroundwhichinfluencednationalpolicy

processespushingforanimplementationofsmartmetering.ThoughtheEChasbeenactiveinthisfieldfor

atleasttwodecades,specificanddetailedrequirementsare,still,notfullydefinedatleastinmanyMember

States.

Thesectionfurthermoresummarisestheprogressofsmart-meteringinEurope.Thedataismostlycovering

householdsasdatafornon-residentialbuildingsisnotavailableandnotinthefocusofdebate.Forinstance,

thead-hocgroup“MyEnergyData”attheSmartGridTaskForcedeliberatelylimitsitsworkonthedomestic

sectortoopenmeterdataforthirdparties.17

LegislationproposedaspartoftheEnergypackagereleasedinNovember2016isdeliberatelynotdiscussed

astheprocesswilltakeseveralyearsanditisnotclearwhichproposalswillpasstowhatextent.However,

selectedcommunicationsandstaffworkingdocumentslinkedtotheprocessarequotedassources.

3.1 ECregulationandcommunication

3.1.1 Internalmarket

Since2002,whentheBarcelonaEuropeanCouncilagreed“ontheneedfortheEuropeanUniontoshow

substantial progress in enhancing energy efficiency by 2010”, the EU has established a comprehensiveframework.Alongwithpushingregulationandnorms, legislativeandpolicyactionsweretakenregarding

“energyperformanceofbuildings”,“internalmarket”;“ICT,smartmetering/grids”,“energyefficiencyplans”,

other“legislativemeasures”andinarecentattempt“CO2taxation”.

Directive2002/91/EContheenergyperformanceofbuildingsstatesthat“demandmanagementofenergyisanimportanttoolenablingtheCommunitytoinfluencetheglobalenergymarketandhencethesecurity

ofenergysupplyinthemediumandlongterm”.TheDirectivedoesnotyetmakereferencetosmartmetering

technologies,butpreparesthegroundfordoingsobyprovidingapreciselegislativeframeworkforlimitingenergyconsumption inthissector. Inareport [COM(2002)321final]onthe implementationof the2000

GreenPaper,theECreportsthatenergysaving inbuildings,whichcurrentlyrepresent40%oftheenergy

consumedintheEU,couldbereducedby22%“giventherightconditionsforeconomisingandimproving

efficiency”.

Thesuccessofaninternalmarketisstronglylinkedtowiderdeploymentofsmartmetersamongother.The

2010 Communication “Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market”

[COM(2010)84final]observesthat“workofnationalregulatoryauthoritiestendstoshiftthefocustowards

theconsumer,includingtheroll-outofsmartmetersasthekeytosmartgridsintheinternalenergymarket.”

17https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/report_final_eg1_my_energy_data_15_november_2016.pdf


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Therecitalsofthe2003Electricity(2003/54/EC)andGasDirectives(2003/55/EC)asadoptedbytheMember

States following the co-decisionprocess reinforce theobjectives identifiedby theCommission toa large

extent.Theco-legislatorsinsertedarecitalstatingthattheabilityofelectricityandgascustomerstochoosetheirsupplierfreelywasfundamentaltothefreedomswhichtheTreatyguaranteesEuropeancitizens(Recital

4);reinforcedarecitalonstandardsofpublicservicetoincludetherightforhouseholdcustomersand,where

MemberStatesdeemitappropriate,smallenterprises"tobesuppliedwithelectricityofaspecifiedqualityatclearlycomparable,transparentandreasonableprices"(Recital24);addedtotheElectricityDirectivea

recitalacknowledgingtheCommission'sintentiontoensurethatreliableinformationontheenvironmental

impactofelectricityfromdifferentsourcescouldbemadeavailableinatransparent,easilyaccessibleand

comparablemanner(Recital25).

Theprovisionsandrecitalsonthefreedomtochoosesuppliersandtherighttoclear,comparableinformation

remained largely unchanged by the co-legislators in the 2007 To summarize, the metering and billing

provisions intheelectricityandgasmarketsDirectiveshaveremained largelyunchangedsincetheywere

first proposed/adopted in 2001/2003. Legislative texts and supporting documents reveal that themajorobjectivesoftheCommissionandco-legislatorswereto:

• Enableeasierandmoreeffectiveconsumerchoice;

• Boostcompetitioninretailmarkets;

• Createconsumerincentivestosaveenergy.

Itssuccessor,Directive09/72/ECcontinuedthedevelopmentby introducinguniversal serviceobligationsandconsumerrights,suchastheobligationtoinformfinalcustomersabouttheenvironmental impactor

customerrightsintheeventofadispute.TheDirectivestatesthatcross-borderinterconnectionsshouldbe

further developed in order to secure the supply of all energy sources at themost competitive prices toconsumers and industry. It specified the obligations of electricity suppliers towards their customers and

furtherdefinestheresponsibilitiesoftransmissionanddistributionsystemoperators.

In designing the internalmarket, efforts are put towardsharmonisationof laws, such aswithDirectives

2014/35/EUand2006/95/ECrelatingtothe(makingavailableonthemarket)electricalequipmentdesignedfor use within certain voltage limits. The former specifically addresses obligations of various players –

manufacturers,importersanddistributors–inlinewithprotectionofthehealthandsafetyoftheend-users

andtheirproperty.Measurestosafeguardsecurityofelectricitysupplyandinfrastructureinvestmentare

also addressed with Directive 2005/89/EC. Enhancing competition is key for competitive pricing andaffordability;RegulationNo.714/2009aimsatsettingsuchrulesorcross-borderexchangesinelectricityand

facilitating the emergence of a well-functioning and transparent wholesale market with a high level of

securityofsupplyinelectricity

3.1.2 ICT,SmartMeteringandSmartGrids

The2011Communication“SmartGrids:frominnovationtodeployment”[COM(2011)202final]addresses

challengesobservedindevelopingEuropeanstandardswhichcouldfurtherfacilitateimplementation.The

ESOshouldtarget“privacybydesign”approachesinordertoensuretheprivacyandsecurityofusersand

authorities.Onemajoractiontakentoincreasedistributionofsmartgridswasonregionalandlocallevelthe


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Covenant of Mayors initiative. In this regard, the Commission launched the initiative “Smart Cities and

Communities“in2011.

TheEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommitteehighlightsinits“OpinionoftheEESConthe‘Roadmapforalowcarbonenergysystemby2050’(exploratoryopinion)”thatsmartgridneedtobeenabledtoallow“for

better management of peak loads” and “focusing on all structural aspects”, “direct and indirect global

emissionsfromthebuildingssector(40%oftotalemissions)”shouldbereducedandfurthermorehighlightsthat“usingsmartmeterscanchangetheelectricitytransmissionsystem”.Withregardtoshort-termtargets

theEESCbelievesfocusedshouldbelaid,amongothers,on“energy-efficiencymeasures[...]payinggreater

attention to European directives”. The prospect of the roadmap depends on “acceleration of technical

progress”, reducing delays in enforcing of the Energy Performance of Buildings directive and “generalharmonisationincluding“exchangeofbestpracticesandinformationonBAT(BestAvailableTechnologies);

interoperableITsecurityandcontrolsystems”.TheECstronglyagreesinitsCommunication[COM(2011)112

final]toallinvolvedpartnersandmotivatesallstakeholdersincludingmembersandcandidatestoconsider

theimplicationsoftheRoadmapinitsownlegislation.

A “Commission recommendation on preparations for the roll-out of smart metering systems”

[2012/148/EU] was issued inMarch 2012. It tackled data protection and security considerations with a

specificfocusondataprotectionimpactassessments,dataprotectionmeasuresanddatasecurity“inorder

toensure the fundamental right toprotectionofpersonaldata”. Thedocumentdefined smart gridsandsmartmetering systemsamongothers. The recommendationalsoprovided“guidance toMemberStates

alongwithaframeworkforcost-benefitanalysisasafoundationforconductingaconsistent,credibleand

transparenteconomicassessmentofthelong-termcostsandbenefitsoftheroll-outofsmartmetering”.

The2009Communicationon"Mobilising InformationandCommunicationTechnologiesto facilitatethe

transitiontoanenergy-efficient,low-carboneconomy"[COM(2009)111final]pointstothedualenabling

andquantifyingfunctionofICTsinimprovingenergyefficiency.EnergyconsumptionofbuildingsintheEU

couldbereducedbyupto17%andcarbonemissionsintransportlogisticsbyupto27%.ICTscansupportmoreenergy-efficientbusinessmodels,workingpracticesand lifestyles,suchaseCommerce, teleworking

andeGovernmentapplications,andadvancedcollaborationtechnologies.

TheCommunicationviewofsmartmeteringas"justafirststeponthepathtosmartelectricitygrids",seems

toneglecttheroleofgasandremoteheating.Thisisnottoplaydowntheimportanceofconsumermeteringinelectricitygridsredesignedtomakeeffectiveuseofwindandotherrenewablesourceswhoseoutputis

difficulttoalignwithdemand.

Despiteallambitionsonsmartmeteringrecital33ofEnergyEfficiencyDirective(2012/27/EU)recognises

that“it isimportantthattherequirementsofUnionlawinthisareabemadeclearer”and“thereisalsoaneed to clarify the requirements for access to information and fair and accurate billing based on actual

consumptionincaseswheresmartmeterswillnotbeavailableby2020”.

3.1.3 Self-consumption

Throughtechnologydevelopmentand innovationdrivenbyEUandnationalpolicies,effective renewableenergy technologies have been realised over the last years. Businesses and households can increasingly


Page16of27

produceandconsume,someoralloftheirownelectricity,eitherinstantaneouslyorinadeferredmanner

through decentralized storage, behind the connection point with the grid. Through the process of self-

consumption,passiveconsumersarethereforebecomingactive'prosumers'(i.e.producersandconsumersofrenewableenergy).

Theemergingself-consumptionmodelopensnewcost-containmentopportunities forenergyconsumers,

particularly for Small andMedium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs),which are facedwith high electricity prices,allowingthemtoincreasinglycontroltheirenergybills.

An EC staffworking document entitled “Best practices on Renewable Energy Self-consumption”18 gives

insightintolessonslearnedfromnationalschemesonself-consumptionofrenewableenergyandillustrates

bestpracticeinthisrelativelynewpolicyarea.Itreportsonsavingsandbenefitsfromself-consumption,bestpractices,andexistingnationalschemes.Theinformationisvaluableespeciallyforthebusinessdevelopment

partintheproject.

3.2 Dataprivacy–RelevantEuropeanRegulation

European regulation provides a high level framework for ensuring data privacy throughout the research

process. By adopting theDataProtectionDirectiveof 1995 (Directive95/46/EC) theEuropeanUnion set

legallybindingrulesfortheprotectionofindividualswithregardtotheprocessingofpersonaldata.Through

thisregulationbasicprinciplesforprocessingpersonaldatahavebeenstipulatedwhichhavetobefollowedinallMemberStates:

Transparency:Thedatasubjecthastherighttobeinformedwhenhispersonaldataarebeingprocessed.

Thecontrollermustprovidehisnameandaddress,thepurposeofprocessing,therecipientsofthedataand

allotherinformationrequiredtoensuretheprocessingisfair.(art.10and11).Datamaybeprocessedonlyunderthefollowingcircumstances(art.7):

• whenthedatasubjecthasgivenhisconsent

• whentheprocessingisnecessaryfortheperformanceofortheenteringintoacontract

• whenprocessingisnecessaryforcompliancewithalegalobligation

• whenprocessingisnecessaryinordertoprotectthevitalinterestsofthedatasubject

• whenprocessingisnecessaryfortheperformanceofataskcarriedoutinthepublicinterestorintheexerciseofofficialauthorityvestedinthecontrollerorinathirdpartytowhomthedataaredisclosed

• whenprocessingisnecessaryforthepurposesofthelegitimateinterestspursuedbythecontrollerorby the thirdpartyorparties towhomthedataaredisclosed,exceptwheresuch interestsare

overriddenbytheinterestsforfundamentalrightsandfreedomsofthedatasubject

Thedatasubjecthastherighttoaccessalldataprocessedabouthim.Thedatasubjectevenhastherightto

demandtherectification,deletionorblockingofdatathatisincomplete,inaccurateorisn'tbeingprocessed

incompliancewiththedataprotectionrules.(art.12)

18SWD(2015)0141final


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Legitimatepurpose:Personaldatacanonlybeprocessedforspecifiedexplicitandlegitimatepurposesand

maynotbeprocessedfurtherinawayincompatiblewiththosepurposes.(art.6b)

Proportionality:Personaldatamaybeprocessedonlyinsofarasitisadequate,relevantandnotexcessiveinrelationtothepurposesforwhichtheyarecollectedand/orfurtherprocessed.Thedatamustbeaccurate

and,wherenecessary,keptuptodate;everyreasonablestepmustbetakentoensurethatdatawhichare

inaccurateorincomplete,havingregardtothepurposesforwhichtheywerecollectedorforwhichtheyarefurtherprocessed,areerasedorrectified;Thedatashouldn'tbekeptinaformwhichpermitsidentification

ofdatasubjectsforlongerthanisnecessaryforthepurposesforwhichthedatawerecollectedorforwhich

theyarefurtherprocessed.MSshall laydownappropriatesafeguardsforpersonaldatastoredfor longer

periods for historical, statistical or scientific use. (art. 6)When sensitive personal data (can be: religiousbeliefs, political opinions, health, sexual orientation, race, membership of past organisations) are being

processed,extrarestrictionsapply(art.8).

3.3 FutureECdataprotectiondirective

Since theDirective95/46was firstly introduced,DataProtectionActshave frequentlybeenamendedby

legislationwithsubstantialchangesespeciallyduring2009and2010widelydrivenbytheessentialchanges

in ICT related technology. In fact, the lawonDataProtection isabout toundergo themost fundamental

changein15years.On25January2012,theEuropeanCommissionofficiallypresentedafirstdraftofthenewdataprotectionregulationforacomprehensivereformofthe1995dataprotectionrulesonpersonal

dataprocessingacrosstheEuropeanUnion.OnDecember2015,theECannouncedthatanagreementwas

found with the European Parliament and the Council, following final negotiations between the three

institutions(so-called'trilogue'meetings).TheReformconsistsoftwoinstruments:

• TheGeneralDataProtectionRegulationwillenablepeopletobettercontroltheirpersonaldata.Atthe same time modernised and unified rules will allow businesses to make the most of the

opportunities of the Digital Single Market by cutting red tape and benefiting from reinforced

consumertrust.

• TheDataProtectionDirectiveforthepoliceandcriminaljusticesectorwillensurethatthedataofvictims, witnesses, and suspects of crimes, are duly protected in the context of a criminal

investigationoralawenforcementaction.Atthesametimemoreharmonisedlawswillalsofacilitatecross-bordercooperationofpoliceorprosecutorstocombatcrimeandterrorismmoreeffectively

acrossEurope.

Thesenewruleswillbecomeapplicabletwoyearsaftertheagreement(early2018).

3.4 Dataprivacy–Relevantnationallegislation/regulation

National regulation/legislation may, however, go beyond the principles set out in the Commission’s

Communication,ortheymaysetoutparticularinterpretationofthegeneralprinciplesstipulatedbyEU-level

regulation.Thetablebelowbrieflysummarisesnationallegislativesituationinthecountriescoveredbytheproposedproject.Thiswillbetakenintoaccountthroughouttheproject’slifecycle.


Page18of27

Seefactsheetsforfurtherdetails.

3.5 Progresswithsmartmetering(inhouseholds)

Dataonsmartmeterdeploymentonpublicauthoritiesorotherlargeconsumersisalmostnon-existent.Themajority of studies focus on households. This section provides an overview about existing information toprovideanoverviewondatafrequency,roll-outofmetersandavailablepricingmodelsinthemarket.

Member States are required to ensure the implementation of smartmetering under EU energymarketlegislation in the Third Energy Package. This implementationmay be subject to a long-term cost-benefit

analysis(CBA).IncaseswheretheCBAispositive,thereisaroll-outtargetof80%marketpenetrationfor

electricityby2020.

Information(data)frequency

Aspartofthe2016energypackagetheEuropeanCommissionevaluatedthe“EUFrameworkforMetering

andBillingofEnergyConsumption”19Thedatafocusesmostlyonhouseholds.Regardless,itshouldbenotedthatFinlandwastheonlycountryin2014tolegallydemandbilling(i.e.consumption)informationonadaily

basis for electricity (p 37). Though frequency requirements increase with smart meters being present,

numerouscountriesoptforlessthanmonthlyrequirements.

Smart-meteringroll-out

With regard to electricity, in 2014, DG ENER and JRC issued the communication “Benchmarking smartmetering deployment in the EU-27 with a focus on electricity"20. The depictions include results of the

assessmentofwhichsomeassumptionsandnationalpoliciesmighthavechangesinthemeantime.

Exhibit1-Smartelectricitymeteringroll-out

19SWD(2016)399EVALUATIONoftheEUFrameworkforMeteringandBillingofEnergyConsumption20COM(2014)356,graphicsavailablefromhttp://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/smart-metering-deployment-european-union


Page19of27

Exhibit2-Shareofhouseholdswithsmart-metering


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Source:ACERpresentationonThe5thAnnualReportonMonitoringtheElectricityandNaturalGasMarkets,

9.11.2016

Exhibit3-Smartgasmeteringroll-out

Pricing

Themostcompleteandup-to-datesourceistheyearlyACER“MarketMonitoringReport”fromwhichbelow

graphicstems(2016report).Foradetailedanalysisitisrecommendedtodownloadthefullreport21.

21http://www.acer.europa.eu/Official_documents/Publications/Pages/Publication.aspx


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Exhibit4-Shareofstandardhouseholdconsumerssuppliedunderdynamicpricingforsupplyand

networkchargesofelectricityinEUMSs–2015(%)

“Note:Countriesarecolouredaccordingtothedynamicpricingmethodwhichisthemostrepresentative.The

coloureddotsrepresentadditionaldynamicpricingmethodswhichalsoappearinacountry.Forexample,in

Spain25to50%ofhouseholdsincurhourlyrealtimepricing.However,ToUalsoappliesinsupplytolessthan

25%ofelectricityhouseholds.TheFiguredoesnotlistpilotprojectswhicharecurrentlyongoingintheMSs.InBelgium,informationhasbeenaggregatedandmaydifferforthethreeregions(Flanders,Walloniaand

Brussels).NoinformationcouldbeprovidedforthenetworktariffsinSweden,asthedatacollectedbythe

NRA are based on exit points rather than household consumers (one exit point can represent severalhouseholdconsumers).‘Other’inDenmarkandNorwayreferstospot-basedpricingtoconsumersonthebasis

ofmonthlyspot-exchangeprices.”


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4 Factsheets

4.1 Germany

4.1.1 Progresswithsmartmetering

Today,onlyaverysmallnumberofresidentialhouseholdshavesmart-meteringdeployedintheirhomes.

The time frame considered in law (MsbG) for full replacement of oldmeters reaches up to 2032. In all

instances,replacementonlyhastotakeplaceiftechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyjustified.Economical

criteriaaredefinedin§31basedonageofmeters,amountconsumed/powerinstalledandfeeschargedformeters. Hence, installations could be delayed if fees are adjusted. Respectively, knowledge of fee and

consumptionarealsoareanexplicitrightfortheinstallationofasmartmeter.

4.1.2 Smartmeteringregulation

InGermany,theLawforthedigitalizationoftheenergytransition(Messstellenbetriebsgesetz-MsbG22)hasenteredintoforceatthebeginningofSeptember.Itdistinguishesbetween:

1. Customers with a higher consumption and/or bigger renewable energy feed-in systems, who will be

equippedwithaso-called“intelligentmeteringsystem”(ca.15%ofthemarket).

2.Customerswithaconsumptionbelow6000kWh/aand/or feed-insystems<7,5kWpeak ,whowillbeequippedwithaso-called“modernmeteringequipment”(ca.85%ofthemarket).

The law covers metering data, market communication, contractual arrangements related to metering,

electricity/gasheating/districtheating.Meteringdatawillbestoreddirectlyatthesmartmeterdevice.Dataupto24monthscanbedownloadedeitherdirectlyfromthesmartmeterorfromaserver/databaseviathe

internetatanytimebythecustomer(downloadmydata)andsharedwiththirdparties(transfermydata).

Thesupplier,whohastherighttousethedata,isobligedtodeleteallperson-relatedmeteringdataafterthe

completionofhistasks.However,atthemomentthereisnocleardefinitionconcerningoptionstotransferthemeteringdataoutofthemeterelectronically.

On-goingwork

Thetechnicalspecificationsofdataprotectionrequirementsforsmartmetergatewayarenotcomplete23.

TheprocessisletbyBSI(FederalOfficeforInformationSecurity).ThetechnicalbodyforrelatedstandardsofmeteringisDKE/K46124.

4.1.3 Dataprotection

The Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz) adopted in 18 May 2001, published in the

BundesgesetzblattINr.23/2001,page904on22May2001.

22 https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/messbg/BJNR203410016.html23 https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Themen/DigitaleGesellschaft/SmartMeter/UebersichtSP-TR/uebersicht_node.html24 https://www.dke.de/de/ueber-uns/dke-organisation-auftrag/dke-fachbereiche/dke-

gremium?id=2000162&type=dke%7Cgremium#


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ThepurposeandscopeofthisactisspecifiedinSection1.Itstatesthatthe“Actshallapplytothecollection,

processinganduseofpersonaldata”tothe“publicbodiesoftheFederation”andtothe“publicbodiesof

theLänder(states)insofarasdataprotectionisnotgovernedbyLandlegislationandinsofarasthey(a)executefederallawor(b)actasbodiesofthejudicatureandarenotdealing.”TheActshallapplyalsotothe

“privatebodiesinsofarastheyprocessorusedatainorfromdatafilesinthenormalcourseofbusinessor

forprofessionalorcommercialpurposes.”With“personaldata”ismeant“anyinformationconcerningthepersonalormaterialcircumstancesofanidentifiedoridentifiableindividual(thedatasubject)”(section3).

Furtherinsection3by“Collection”ismeant“theacquisitionofdataonthedatasubject,by“Processing”

“thestorage,modification,communication,blockinganderasureofpersonaldata”,and“anyutilizationof

personaldataotherthanprocessing”ismeantby“use”.

As the FederalRepublicofGermany is a federationof 16 states, andall of themwith theirownoriginal

sovereignrightsand legislativeresponsibilities, thereexistsapatchworkof lawsandregulationscovering

dataprotectioninthese16GermanstateswhichworkalongsidetheFederalDataProtectionAct2001.A

numberof different authorities responsible formaking sure the complianceof data protection laws andregulation are present in Germany, this resulting from the division of the supreme power of the State

between the federal and the state governments. The States are responsible for the data protection

supervision in theprivate sector, except the telecommunicationsandpostal services companies that are

monitoredbythefederalgovernment,andmoreconcretelybytheFederalDataProtectionCommissioner.In fact, the states have no uniform system concerning the private sector supervision as the supervisory

functionsareperformedbydifferentauthoritiesindifferentstates.Concerningthepublicsectorinthestates,

supervisionofcompliancewithdataprotectionisunderstategovernmentresponsibilitywhichhasassignedthis function to independent supervisory authorities (data protection commissioners). The Federal Data

Protection Commissioner is responsible for monitoring the compliance of data protection laws and

regulationsbythefederalauthoritiesandotherpublicbodiesunderthefederalgovernmentcontrol.

4.2 Spain


Around50%ofresidentialhouseholdsareequippedwithsmart-metering.Therolloutofthesmartmeters

in Spain will be completed by the end of December 2018. The progress also applies to non-residential

buildings.

Spainisonlyoneoffivecountrieswhichofferreal-timepricing.Around25-50%ofallhouseholdsincuretheir

supply charges based on hourly pricing. Since October 2015, Spanish household consumers on Precio

voluntarioalpequenoconsumidor(PVPC)whoareequippedwithsmartmetersarebilledbasedonmeteredhourlyconsumption.FormoredetailsonPVPC,seeCasestudy3inthe2015MMR.25Furthermore,general

time-of-usetariffsareusedbylessthan25%ofcustomers.Asforgas,overall,lessthan25%usetime-of-use

pricing.

25ACER(2015)MarketMonitoringReport2014-ELECTRICITYANDGASRETAILMARKETS


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TheSpanishRegulationsRealDecreto216/2014andResolución6203/2015settheframeworkforDSOswhen

itcomestoconsumptioninformation(hourlyloadprofiles)tobeprovidedtheendusers(lessthan15kWofcontractedpower).From1stOctober2015,DSOsarerequiredtopublishthehourlyloadprofilesandtraders

tobill theircustomersaccording to thehourly loadprofiles, if customersalreadyhave their smartmeter

integratedinthesmartmetersystem.

EachDSOalsoprovidesawebsitethatallowstocustomersconnectedtoitsdistributionnetworktoconsultand download their hourly load profiled (once billed). These load profiles are sent daily to traders, and

customers are billed monthly according to their consumption profile. The format could support any

granularity,besidethehourlyused.

DSOsalsoprovidethepossibilitytocustomerstodownloadinflat-fileformatCSVandExcel,theloadprofile

madeavailabletothetraderforbillingpurposes.Thefileisaccompaniedbyagraphrepresentingthehourly

dataforthebillingperiod.ThefileformattobeusedisuniqueforallDSOsinSpainandisspecifiedinthe

regulation.MeteringdatafromsmartmetersisstoredintheDSO’smeteringmanagementsystem.

TheDSOssendthedatatotradersthroughsecureFTP.Traderscanonlyaccesstheircustomers’

data.Accesstonon-customers’dataispossibleonlyuponexplicitconsent.


PersonalDataProtectionLaw(1999)ORGANICLAW15/1999of13DecemberontheProtectionofPersonalData(Organiclaw15/99)

TheprotectionofpersonaldataisenshrinedintheSpanishConstitutionthroughArticle18.4whichrequires

thatthelawshallrestricttheuseofdatainordertoprotectthehonourandthepersonalandfamilyprivacy

ofSpanishcitizens,aswellasthefullexerciseoftheirrights.ThisprovisionwasfurtherdevelopedbyOrganicLaw5/1992ontheRegulationoftheAutomaticProcessingofPersonalData,asamendedbyOrganicLaw

15/1999 on the Protection of Personal Data. This law corresponds to European legislation. In the Royal

Decree1720/2007,theRuleDevelopmentofPersonalDataProtectionLawisapproved.ThisDecreeaimsat

regulatingpossiblerisksofPersonaldatatreatment.

Safetyofmedicalinformation41/2002

Inlaw41/2002thesafetyofmedicalinformationissetout.Itstatesthat:“HealthCentresmustestablishan

activeanddiligentmechanismtosafeguardmedicalrecords”

RoyalDecree994/199

Thislawmightalsoberelevantasalegislationdealingwithsafetyandsecurityofmedicalandpersonaldata.

Itstatesthatdatabasesthatcontainmedicalandpersonaldatamustbegivenmaximumsecurity


Page25of27

4.3 UnitedKingdom


The rollout is tobe finalisedby2020.Nationaldatadoesonlydividebetweendomestic (residential)and

smallernon-domesticinstallations.

Asat31December2016therewere923,600(207,900gasand715,700electricity)nondomesticsmartand

advancedmetersoperatinginsmartmodeorwithadvancedfunctionalitybybothlargeandsmallenergysuppliers.Thisrepresentsoveronequarterofallnon-domesticmeterscurrentlyinoperation.

According to the Smart Meters, Quarterly Report to end December 2016 (30 March 2017), that as at

December2016thereare4,947,000smartmetersinstalledandoperatingindomesticpropertiesacrossthe

UK.Thereare923,600nondomesticsmartmetersinoperationtoo.Thereforethereareover5.87millionsmartmetersinoperationinhomesandbusinessesbylargeandsmallsuppliersacrosstheUK.

Real-timepricingandcriticalpeakpricingappliestoasmallerproportionofhouseholdsintheUK(<25%).As

forgas,variousmethodsareusedforpricing.Mostdominantistime-of-usepricingwithashareof25-50%.

Other methods with less than 25% are critical peak, hourly real time, dynamic network pricing andinterruptiblenetworktariff.


SinceApril 2011, theDepartment for Energy andClimateChange (DECC) (nowDepartment forBusiness,

EnergyandIndustrialStrategy,BEIS)hasbeendirectlyresponsibleformanagingtheimplementationofthesmartmeterprogramme.OfgemhasbeenprovidingDECC/BEISwithindependentregulatoryadviceand

expertise.Ofgemhasalsotakenonadditionalregulatoryfunctionstosupportsmartmetering.Ofgemwill

continue to takeonnew functions, including regulationof thenewData andCommunicationsCompany

(DCC).

ThroughtheSmartMeteringImplementationProgrammeandconsistentwiththeUKGovernment’sbroader

“midata”initiative,arrangementshavebeenputinplacetoenabledomesticconsumerstoeasilyaccesstheir

ownenergyconsumptiondata.Abroadinformation(SMARTEnergyGB)hasstartedin2015inLeicester26.

IntheUKtheSmartMeteringProgrammeisbeingdeliveredintwokeystages.Afoundationstageandamain

installationstage.IntheUK,installersareresponsibleforplanninganddeliveringtherolloutofsmartmeters

as best suits their business needs and the needs of their customers. The only condition specified by

Governmentisthattherolloutiscompletedby2020.ThenumberofinstallationsaremonitoredbyBEIS,howeversomefluctuationininstallationsisexpectedacrossperiods.

Consumerswillbeabletoaccesstheirownenergyconsumptiondatathrough:

• TheirIn-HomeDisplay(offeredtoallhouseholdsfreeofcharge)innearrealtime;• TheconnectionofadditionaldevicestoaHomeAreaNetworkaspartoftheirsmartmeteringsystem;• Requestinginformationfromtheirsupplier;

26 https://www.smartenergygb.org/en/about-smart-meters/what-is-a-smart-meter


Page26of27

• Authorised third party organisations (such as switching websites) to access their consumptioninformationdirectlyfromtheirsmartmetersviatheDataandCommunicationsCompany(DCC).

Inordertoprotectconsumerinterestswhilstenablingproportionateaccesstodatabyenergysuppliersand

others,aDataAccessandPrivacyFrameworkhasbeenestablished.ThecentralprincipleofthisFramework

isthatdomesticconsumerswillhavecontroloverhowtheirenergyconsumptiondataisused,exceptwhere

thisisrequiredforbillingorotherregulatedpurposes.

Datacanbeaccessedbyauthorisedparties(subjecttoconsumerconsent)directlyfromthesmartmetering

interfaceinthepremisesorthroughtheDataandCommunicationsCompany(DCC).Thesolutionsavailable

addressboth“downloadmydata”and“sharemydata”.

Inadditiontoenergysuppliersandnetworkoperators,authorisedthirdpartiesof theDCC,suchaspricecomparison websites, home automation services and energy efficiency advice providers (as well as

prospective suppliers). These third party usersmust obtain the explicit consent of the consumer before

accessingtheirconsumptiondatathroughtheDCC.

In order to protect consumer interestswhilst enabling proportionate access to data, a Data Access and

PrivacyFrameworkhasbeenestablished.ThecentralprincipleofthisFrameworkisthatdomesticconsumers

willhavecontroloverhowtheirenergyconsumptiondataisused,exceptwherethisisrequiredforbillingor

otherregulatedpurposes.

The local interface to themeter is standardized (ZigBeeSmartEnergy).Consumers can requestup to24

months of detailed energy consumption information directly from their energy supplier. Where such a

request is made, the information must be provided to the consumer free of charge and in a readily

understandableformat.

Smartmetersstore13monthsofhalfhourlydataforelectricityandgas.Mostenergysuppliersrollingout

smartmetersoffertheabilitytoviewthedataontheirwebsite.30minutes’dataisavailableremotely,while

10seconds(electricityonly)isavailableviathesmartmeter.

Informationcanbeavailableonrealtimeorupdatedeveryday,dependingontheenergysupplier,customerpropositionandwhethertheaccessisgrantedviaanapporthewebpage.

TheDCCisresponsibleforlinkingsmartmetersinhomesandsmallbusinesseswiththesystemsofenergy

suppliers, network operators and energy service companies. DCC will develop and deliver the data andcommunicationsservicethroughexternalproviders.

DECCgrantedtheDCClicencetoSmartDCCLtd,asubsidiaryofCapitaplcwitheffectfrom23September

2013.TheSmartEnergyCodeisanewindustrycodeandsetsoutthetermsfortheprovisionoftheDCC’s

servicesandspecifiesotherprovisionstogoverntheend-to-endmanagementofsmartmetering.Likeotherindustrycodes,Ofgemisresponsibleforapprovinganymodificationstoensureconsumers’interestsremain

protected.

Somecustomershavehad smartmeters installedbefore the completionof thegovernment’s regulatory

frameworkforthesmartmeterroll-out.Wehaveputinplacemeasurestoprotectconsumerswhoreceivesmartmetersearly.Theseincludemeasuresto:


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• supporteffectiveswitchingfordomesticconsumersthathavesmartmetersinstalled• strengthenexistingprotectionsfordomesticconsumers,especiallyvulnerableconsumers,inrelationto

disconnectionandtheuseofmetersoperatinginprepaymentmode

TheSmartMetering InstallationCodeofPractice(SMICoP) isan importantconsumerprotectionmeasure

duringtherolloutofsmartmeters,settingoutrulesandstandardsofconductforsuppliersinstallingsmartmeters.


TheDataProtectionActof1998

TheEUDataProtectionDirective(DPD)wastransposedintonationallegislationbytheDataProtectionActof1998.Theactstipulatesgeneralrulesforprocessingofinformationrelatingtoindividuals,includingthe

obtaining,holding,useordisclosureofsuchinformation.Vitalsignsdataisclassifiedas"sensitivepersonal

data"(section1)."Dataprotectionprinciples"aresetoutinSchedule1(section4).AsinDPD,"Processing"includesanystorage("holding")ortransmission;thedatadonothavetobemanipulatedfortheiruseto

qualifyas"processing".Schedule1specifiesthefirstsuchdataprotectionprinciple,forthecaseofsensitive

personaldata,as"Personaldata...shallnotbeprocessedunless...atleastoneoftheconditionsinSchedule

2ismet,and...atleastoneoftheconditionsinSchedule3isalsomet."Schedule2allowsprocessingunderatleastthreecircumstances;processingisallowedif

Thedatasubjecthasgivenhisconsenttotheprocessing.

Theprocessingisnecessary

• fortheperformanceofacontracttowhichthedatasubjectisaparty,or...

• inordertoprotectthevitalinterestsofthedatasubject."

Schedule3allowsprocessingifconsentisobtainedi.e.ifthedatasubjecthasgivenhisexplicitconsenttothe

processingofthepersonaldata.Soinsummary,theActallowstransmissionandstorageofvitalsignsandthereforevitalsignstriagebyanyone,giventheclient'sconsent.Schedule2alsoallowsprocessingif"6(1)

... necessary for ... legitimate interests pursuedby the data controller ... exceptwhere the processing is

unwarranted"andallowstheSecretaryofStatetospecifywhatthismeans.HowevertheDataProtectionAct

of1998coverspersonaldatatoalargeextent.Inrelationtodataonenergyconsumptioninbuildingsetc.there are 2 further pieces of legislation: The Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Environmental

InformationRegulations2004.

energy data innovation network ga n. 695916 - edi_net

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