energy crises assignment

8/6/2019 Energy Crises Assignment.

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Ghulam Abbas Pakistan 0092 300 900 1533

Energy Crises

Submitted to:

Prof. Nabila Asghar

By: GHULAM ABBAS

Roll Number.280 4th

Sem.

B.Com. Hons Sec.


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Energy and sources of energy

Energy is the power to change things or in other words we can say that it is the ability to do

work. It gives us light it runs our machines

it keeps us warm and many other things. In

other words we can say that it is

impossible to survive without energy in the

present time. Moreover

energy also plays a great role in the

economic development of a country. a

country utilizing all its sources of energy

has a better chance to grow economically

as compared to a country where the

sources of energy are less or not utilized

properly. This is because energy has a direct impact on the standard of living of people and

industrial side of the country and both of these are a good measure of economic development of

a country. If people of a country are having a high standard of living and their industrial side isprogressing well (means the exports are greater than the imports) than it is a clear sign that the

country is making full use of its resources its growth rate is high.

The main sources of energy in Pakistan

(For generating electricity)

A) Conventional sources:

Conventional energy sources are typically fully developed,

Non renewable resources

It includes;


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1) Thermal energy

2) Hydel energy

3) Nuclear energy

B) Non conventional sources:

Nonconventional sources may be functional but are still

Undergoing development and use renewable resources.

1) Wind energy

2) solar energy

3) Bio gas (energy animal &plant wastes)

A) Conventional sources

Conventional sources of energy are those sources which are ge nerally used In the country for the

production of heat, electricity, and power. Pakistan has the following conventional sources of

energy that are as follows:

1. THERMAL ENERGY

Thermal energy refers to the type of energy in which heat is used to produce energy. Thermal

Energy is the oldest type of energy. With all

known history available, Wood was always used

for heating and cooking. In 2nd world war fossil

fuels entered in the form of coal to get the energy,

until liquid fuels were discovered and because of

their convenience of transportation they took over

as major contributors of the energy source.

Once the steam engines were invented

then the coal or liquid fuel was burnt in the boilers and the heat produces steam which issued to

drive electrical generators, or any other mechanical device.


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Rudolph diesels invention of diesel engine revolutionaries the energy concept and today we see

sine the majority of machines moving on diesel engines.

Thermal energy sources in Pakistan

The sources of thermal energy in Pakistan are as following:

(i)Coal:

Pakistan has huge reserves of coal which can be used to overcome the problem of energy crises

in the country. The government of Pakistanis making hectic efforts to introduce the coal usage in

the industrial sector. The machinery for these

units is totally exempted from import duties and

taxes. A coal based power plant of150MW has

been set up in the interior sindh.

(ii) Oil:

Oil is one of the most important sources of energy through out the world and its importance is

increasing day by day. Many wars are being fought just to get the reserves of the oil...the

government of Pakistan is making sincere efforts to find out new oil fields in the country .the policy is to attain self sufficiency in oil because oil as a source of energy is expensive if it is

imported from other countries and it greatly increases the import bills of the country. At present

the generation capacity of electricity through oil is 12340MW

(iii) Natural gas:

Natural gas is also a precious gift of Allah to our country. Huge deposits of natural gas has been

discovered in many parts of Baluchistan and sindh. Natural gas is a cheap source of energy in

comparison to oil and it can also play a great role in the industrial sector because it is used as a

raw material in many industries like fertilizers cement and plastics etc.


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2. Hydel energy in Pakistan:

In Pakistan Hydel energy is usually generated through waterfalls (dams). there are many dams in

the country which play a great role in the generation of electricity for household, business and

industrial sector. since independence huge amounts have been allocated for the development of

Hydel energy as it is a main source of electricity generation in the country as a result of this the

generation of electric power through Hydel energy has been increased from 68MW in 1947 to

6555MW in 2009.

3. Nuclear energy

The importance of nuclear energy as a source of electricity generation is increasing very rapidly

throughout the world as many developed as well as

developing countries are making use of nuclear energy

to generate electricity. the main fuel which is required

to run the nuclear reactor is called uranium. with the

grace of all mighty uranium is found in excess in

Pakistan. at present there are two nuclear electric

power generation plants in Pakistan namely Karachi

nuclear power plant and chasma nuclear power plant

B)Non-conventional sources of energy

The less developing countries are now developing other renewable sources of energy . these

sources are comparatively cheaper to those of conventional sources of energy and these sources

have a simplified technology , the non-conventional sources of energy are as follows :


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(i)Wind energy:

Wind energy is a very cheap source of generating power. in windy areas, the windmills can be

used for supplying electricity on a small scale

the windmill can be used for pumping water

for crops, grinding corn, crushing sugar

cane,thrashing,cutting of wood etc etc. at

present there are four mechanical wind

pumpers and one wind power generation

system has been set up

(ii) Solar energy:

sun provides 170000MW of power to earth on daily basis. the sunshine can also be used a cheap

source of energy. many developed countries as well as developing countries are now making use

of the solar energy in order to fulfill their energy demand as it is a very cheap and easily

available source of energy

(iii) Biogas:

It is produced from animal and plant wastes although it is a very cheap source of energy but it

can not be used on the large scale like the solar and wind energy. However it can be utilized verywell in the rural areas. as 72% of our population live in villages they make the best use of this

source of energy .

Impacts of these crises on Pakistan:

There are the following impacts of these energy crises on Pakistan:

(i)Employment decreased:

By the energy crises in Pakistan from last few years, they impacts on the employment rate of

Pakistan is that the number of people that are employed are decreased. The dependability of the


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income is increased, now in one home there are more people to consume than those who earn

money

(ii)Per capital income decreased:

The income earned by each one decreases if there is energy crises in any country , so as we have

these crises in our country Pakistan so the larger impact of that was that the income of each

individual is decreased .

(iii)Foreign debts increase:

As these crises also affect on the debts or loans that Pakistan get from the foreign countries, the

amount of debts that are owned is increased and in result of that the economy of Pakistan is very

much harmed.

(iv)GDP is decreased:

The gross domestic product (G.D.P) of Pakistan is also decreased because that production is

decreased and result to that the earnings of the country are getting lower and lower.

(v)Poverty increased:

The crises also enhances the level of poverty in the country , as we can see in Pakistan the energy

crises made it very hard for those people that living in the country below the poverty line

(vi)Literacy rate decreased:

The crises also impacts on the literacy rate, as there is less earnings by the people so they leave

the education for earning the money, and they focus on earning money so the circle of life is

ruined smoothly. For that purpose children leave their education and start earning, hence that

decreases the literacy rate of Pakistan.

(vii)Child labor increased:

The child labor is also increased with the increase in the crises of power in Pakistan, the children

from the very small age start earning and they leave their education for fulfilling the need of their

life.


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that view in minds that these are we have very scare resources in Pakistan,

(iv)Effective plans for energy should be made:

The plans that are made for the reduction of the energy crises should be effective and efficient,

this is required that those people that are living in the rural areas should utilize the

nonconventional sources of energy and the conventional sources should be used by the urban

areas because the urban areas have more Industrial production than rural areas in the country like

Pakistan

(v)Proper funds to utilize natural resources:

The funds that are passed by the government for the utilization of resources are not enough that

they meet the requirements of our country, so it is required that proper funds should be allocated

for them .most of the people in our government are corrupt and because of that the funds that are

allocated in the utilization of the resources is not invested in efficient manner.

(vi)New resources should be explored:

This is also very important for the country Pakistan that those resources that are gifted to us by

nature should be explored effectively; new technology should be used to explore these resources.

Keeping these things in the mind that we have resources but they are not utilized and explored

efficiently.

(vii)More non-conventional sources should be used:

For the fulfillment of the crises of Pakistan it is important that more nonconventional sources

should be utilized and used. Mostly in those rural areas where they are easily possible because in

urban areas we have not that circumstances that can use the nonconventional sources

to produce the energy.


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CONCLUSION

The conclusion which we have made from this assignment is that our country is facing a lot of

problems regarding to the energy resources, but yet there are ways by which these resources can

be utilized.

The entire thing that is needed to be done is that efficient technology, proper funds, government

interest and effective plans for utilizing the underutilized resources. If Pakistan will not take

steps for the development of energy and power resources than it will have the worse result on the

further years.

energy crises assignment

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