Energy consumption feedback to users: lessons learnt from pilot cases in social housing and tertiary buildings

Pascale BRASSIER

“…the literature demonstrates that clear feedback is a

necessary element in learning how to control fuel use

more effectively over a long period of time…”

- DARBY Sarah, (2006) The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford -

Necessity of feedback to users

2

User behaviour is increasingly pointed out as a cornerstone of a rational use of energy in buildings.

Design Process of the feedback interfaces

3

FEEDBACK

THE « WOW » FACTOR

SELF DISCOVERY To empower the tenant To allow the tenants to learn for themselves

Discussions Printouts/Flyers Competitions Energy scoreboards in common areas Information by cell phone, by internet Information by meters/dashboards inside the house

New piece of technology Nice colors If people like interacting with the technology, they will use it.

Three examples applied to the residential and tertiary sectors:

- E3SOHO project: main results obtained within the project

- MIUSEEC project: gamification approach

- IDEAS project: 3D virtual world, neighbourhood level

Overview of the presentation

4

- EU CIP-PSP projects dedicated to the energy efficiency in Social Housing, Competitiveness and Innovation framework Programme

- Emphasis on Energy Awareness tools and services for tenants and building owners/managers

- Aims: Implement and demonstrate an integrated and replicable ICT-based solution targeting a 25% reduction of energy consumption by providing tenants with feedbacks on consumption

- February 2010 – End of Octobre 2013

E3SOHO project

5 www.e3soho.eu The E3SOHO Collaborative Project (Grant Agreement No. CIP-250497) was co-funded by the European Commission under the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT-PSP) part of the Competitiveness and Innovation framework Program (CIP).

OBJECTIVES • Apply already existing

approaches applicable to social housing companies, and determine a method for assessing the energy performance

• Development of a methodology for flexible implementation that could be adapted to local conditions and future policies

• The methodology will serve as a baseline for developing future services

Methodology

6

DES

IGN

IMP

LEM

ENTA

TIO

NM

ON

ITO

RIN

G

•Warsaw (Poland)

•Zaragoza (Spain)

•Genoa (Italy)

Pilot sites

7

Zaragoza vivienda, 2002, 16 (/total 43) dwellings

City of Warsaw, 2007, 16 (/total 48) dwellings

Comune di Genova, 1980-1990, 30 (/total 43) dwellings

Tools developed for tenants

8

Screenshot of VAS interface for tenants used in Warsaw (English version)

Screenshot of sDisplay interface for tenants used in Zaragoza (Spanish version)

Monthly targets, Advices, Smart Alerts

Comfort data • Temperature • Humidity

Historical data Energy consumption information • Electricity (global and partial) • Hot/cold water • Heating

Deployment process

9

-ICT solution has been successfully deployed in 62 dwellings

-Comprehensive training program for social housing tenants has been designed, aimed at increasing awareness on efficient and rational use of energy at domestic level, and getting them familiar with the use of the E3SoHo ICT solution

-Training program complemented with follow-up individual and collective sessions for maintaining users’ engagement and providing technical assistance

Savings generated by a “feedbacks based” ICT solution

10

WARSAW

Annual consumption (baseline period)

Annual consumption (monitoring

period)

Savings

Heating (kWh) Real Corrected

Without HDD

correction

With HDD correction

39 891 40 463 36 423 8,69% 9,98%

DHW (m3) Real Corrected

Without HDD

correction With HDD correction

393 404 421 -6,99% -4,18%

DHW (kWh) Real Corrected

Without

HDD correction With HDD correction

24 784 25 452 26 517 -6,99% -4,18%

Electricity (kWh) 15 141 14 842 1,97%

Total (kWh)

Without corrections

Corrected Heating

Corrected Heating + DHW

Without

corrections

With corrected Heating

With Corrected Heating +

DHW

79 816 80 388 81 056 77 782 2,55% 3,24% 4,04%

ZARAGOZA

Annual consumption (baseline period)

Annual consumption (monitoring

period)

Savings

Heating (kWh) Real Corrected

Without HDD correction

With HDD correction

40 075 41 940 37 591 6,20% 10,37%

DHW (m3)

Real Corrected Without HDD

correction With HDD correction

593 645 613 -3,37% 4,96%

DHW (kWh) Real Corrected

Without HDD correction

With HDD correction

17 078 18 576 17 654 -3,37% 4,96%

Electricity (kWh) 34 969 32 224 7,85%

Total (kWh)

Without corrections

Corrected Heating

Corrected Heating + DHW

Without corrections

With corrected Heating

With Corrected Heating +

DHW

92 122 93 987 95 485 87 470 5,05% 6,93% 8,39%

Savings generated by a “feedbacks based” ICT solution

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Saving potential Savings realized by the savers only in each pilot site

Warsaw Zaragoza

Heating 25.4% 27.1%

DHW 8.4% 20.1%

Electricity 17.5% 19.3%

Rough evaluation of the potential of the implemented ICT system when used at 100% in a building

-Difficulties for ICT system evaluation: savings are on the same range as “natural evolutions” or typical saving measures, or influence of the awareness itself;

-High levels of residual consumption have been detected (consumption on stand-by) and should be addressed to train tenants on its importance and on how to avoid it.

-Important energy savings opportunities (potential) detected in the three pilots: from the large discrepancies between dwellings in consumption profiles of similar dwellings (in terms of consumption per surface, per occupant and from indoor temperature levels (pre-monitoring));

Lessons learnt

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> Innovative metrology of usages for energy sobriety and eco-behaviours.

> Partners

> Financial support: Aquitaine regional government

> From April 2013 to April 2015

MIUSEEC project

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> Objectives: Implement a dynamic and evolving metrology protocol, develop game-like interfaces proposing challenges to the users

> Pilot site used to test the tool: DARWIN building (Bordeaux, France) Renovated heritage building housing green business companies and targeting energetic and ecological exemplarity at all levels

MIUSEEC project

14

An innovative approach

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Collective awareness and commitments

GREEN LEASE

Detailed metrology of the usages and

intuitive restitution BMS AND App

DATAVISUALISATION

Playful stimulation of behavioural

changes GAMIFICATION

Decrease of the ecological footprint

Several game sectors

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Global performance

Energy

Waste Travel habits

Comfort Water

Gamification cycle

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Status and badges

Teams definition

Datavision Rewards

The most performing team is highlighted on the internal website Ranking updated monthly

Savings acheived rewarded Coupons distribution to use in the local services

Visual restitution of the performances Few figures Trends and impact of actions conducted easy to read

Evaluation at team level Activation through the use of competition process Collective challenge in order to enhance the cooperation

Present the rules of the game in order to involve the community (local association)

Shared vision of

the challenges

Examples of interfaces

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Simple message

Equivalence data

Data visualisation Trends easy to read

Impact of the actions conducted

IDEAS project

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Intelligent neighbourhooD Energy Allocation & Supervision

EU FP7 funded R&D project Nov 2012 – Oct 2015

Acknowledgements: The IDEAS Collaborative Project (Grant Agreement No. 600071) is co-funded by the European Commission, Information Society and Media Directorate-General, under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), Cooperation theme three, “Information and Communication Technologies”

www.ideasproject.eu

Project concept

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Demonstrate how energy positive neighbourhoods can be cost

effectively & incrementally implemented by designing & validating

Neighbourhood energy management tool to optimise energy

production & consumption

User interfaces that engage communities & individuals in the

operation of energy positive neighbourhoods

Decision support urban planning tool to optimise the planning of

neighbourhood energy infrastructures

Business models to underpin energy positive neighbourhoods that

engage end users public authorities & utility companies

Pilot sites

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A Residential Area in Porvoo Finland Buildings area : 20 000 m² Buildings : newly built residential (single-family) houses Occupants : 500 users : Household with children Heating system : District heating from CHP plant

A University Campus in Bordeaux France Buildings area : 40 000 m² Buildings : 11 buildings (1970s): Offices, workshops, computer rooms, laboratories, … Occupants : 2300 people : Students, teacher Heating system : Heating network connected to a gas boiler

User interfaces

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User interfaces that help consumers shift

energy demand

when it is available from renewable

energy sources

at off-peak times

automatic activation & deactivation of

equipment

By transmitting information

indicating the varying cost of energy at

different times

giving advice about when to use different

appliances

Engage local communities

User interfaces that engage communities

& individuals in the operation of energy

positive neighbourhoods

Tools developed for the IUT site

23

Educational 3D virtual space

Realistic environment in order to involve the

students

Replica of the real IUT site

Based on the OpenSim technology

Large screens installed on site

in strategic locations

Both interfaces are based on

a monitoring system

collecting the consumption

data

3D Virtual tool

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> Inform the users about the stakes related to energy consumptions at the site scale

> Present the energy production systems which could be integrated on site

> Illustrate the operating conditions of Energy Positive Neighbourhood thanks to a balance-sheet including the real consumptions measured on site: – Real consumptions measured on site

– Simulated energy produced thanks to virtual systems based on simulation

3D Virtual tool

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Stakes at site level

Interactive mock-up

Connected to the

energy management

system showing real

time energy data of

the actual site

3D Virtual tool

26

Room

dedicated to

the

description

of energy

generation

systems

Management

and different

usages of

energy on

site

3D Virtual tool

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Illustration of

electrical

storage

through

electrical

vehicles

Generation systems

simulated for the IUT

site:

500m² of PV

modules, wind

turbines

A round table

area allowing to

close the visit

Concluding remarks

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> The 1st-generation interfaces developed within E3SOHO provided positive results but at a modest level (around 10% although the expected results were around 25%).

> Most important challenge is to keep the users involved in the long term

> Engage the users in a stimulating and/or competitive process that should be renewed and maintained constantly

> Last ambitious challenge: involve the users in a wider point of view (from the buildings to the neighbourhood or city area)

Thank you !

Acknowledgments The E3SOHO Collaborative Project (Grant Agreement No. CIP-250497) was co-funded by the European Commission under the ICT Policy Support Programme (ICT-PSP) part of the Competitiveness and Innovation framework Program (CIP). The IDEAS Collaborative Project (Grant Agreement No. 600071) is co-funded by the European Commission, Information Society and Media Directorate-General, under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), Cooperation theme three, “Information and Communication Technologies” The MIUSEEC project is financed by the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine. The authors wish to acknowledge the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine for their support, the efforts of the partners and the contributions of all those involved in MIUSEEC.