Energy: Energy: Conservation and Conservation and

TransferTransfer

Explain the environmental implications Explain the environmental implications associated with the various methods of associated with the various methods of obtaining, managing, and using energy obtaining, managing, and using energy

resources.resources.

Energy: Energy: Conservation and TransferConservation and Transfer

8.P.2.18.P.2.1• Explain the environmental Explain the environmental

consequences of the various methods of consequences of the various methods of obtaining, transforming and distributing obtaining, transforming and distributing energy.energy.

8.P.2.28.P.2.2• Explain the implications of the depletion Explain the implications of the depletion

of renewable and nonrenewable energy of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources and the importance of resources and the importance of conservation.conservation.

Forms and Transformations of Forms and Transformations of EnergyEnergy

What is What is energyenergy??• The ability to make things The ability to make things

move or changemove or change Thermal EnergyThermal Energy

• The energy of the moving The energy of the moving particles in atomsparticles in atoms

Like the heat off a cup of hot Like the heat off a cup of hot chocolatechocolate

• Ice-cold lemonade has much less Ice-cold lemonade has much less thermal energythermal energy

What is Energy?What is Energy? Forms of energy:Forms of energy:

• Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy Energy of moving objectsEnergy of moving objects

• Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy Energy of moving electric chargesEnergy of moving electric charges

• Chemical EnergyChemical Energy Energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms together in Energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms together in

moleculesmolecules• Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic Energy

Energy that travels as waves, through matter or through Energy that travels as waves, through matter or through empty spaceempty space

• Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy Energy stored in the nucleus of an atomEnergy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Energy ExamplesEnergy Examples

What is Energy?What is Energy? Transferring EnergyTransferring Energy

• Energy moves from one place to anotherEnergy moves from one place to another Like when a golfer swings a golf club Like when a golfer swings a golf club

(mechanical energy), some of the energy (mechanical energy), some of the energy releases to the ball and causes it to movereleases to the ball and causes it to move

• When the energy is transferred, you can When the energy is transferred, you can feel this in the form of heatfeel this in the form of heat

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations Energy can also change from one form to Energy can also change from one form to

anotheranother• This is called transformationThis is called transformation

All forms can be transferred into other formsAll forms can be transferred into other forms Examples include:Examples include:

• Green plants transform electromagnetic energy in the form of Green plants transform electromagnetic energy in the form of sunlight into food. The food is stored chemical energysunlight into food. The food is stored chemical energy

• A car engine changes chemical energy stored in gasoline into A car engine changes chemical energy stored in gasoline into thermal energy and then into mechanical energythermal energy and then into mechanical energy

• A fan changes electrical energy into mechanical energyA fan changes electrical energy into mechanical energy• A flashlight changes chemical energy stored in a battery A flashlight changes chemical energy stored in a battery

into electrical energy and then into light and heatinto electrical energy and then into light and heat Video examplesVideo examples

• (Some of the examples we do not study)(Some of the examples we do not study)

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations Energy changes forms all of the time Energy changes forms all of the time

but can never be destroyed.but can never be destroyed.• The amount before and after a transfer The amount before and after a transfer

or transformation will always be the or transformation will always be the samesame

Like in a chemical reactionLike in a chemical reaction

Energy TransformationsEnergy Transformations

When a lightbulb is lit, the energy released When a lightbulb is lit, the energy released as heat is not useful, often called “lost” as heat is not useful, often called “lost” energyenergy• It is not lost, just transferred to the air around It is not lost, just transferred to the air around

the bulbthe bulb Whenever energy is transformed, some Whenever energy is transformed, some

moves into the environment in the form of moves into the environment in the form of heat, just feel your heat, just feel your cellphonecellphone while it is while it is charging!charging!

Energy Resources and Their Energy Resources and Their Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

Humans use large amounts of energy Humans use large amounts of energy to power cars, heat homes, and to power cars, heat homes, and produce electricityproduce electricity• This energy comes from the This energy comes from the

environmentenvironment Surroundings of all living thingsSurroundings of all living things

Energy and the environmentEnergy and the environment

Types of Energy ResourcesTypes of Energy Resources Nonrenewable Energy ResourceNonrenewable Energy Resource

• Energy source that is used faster than it Energy source that is used faster than it can be replacedcan be replaced

VideoVideo Renewable Energy ResourceRenewable Energy Resource

• Energy source than can be replaced as it Energy source than can be replaced as it is used or cannot be used upis used or cannot be used up

VideoVideo Video (Part 2)Video (Part 2)

Nonrenewable Energy ResourcesNonrenewable Energy Resources

Most energy in the US comes from Most energy in the US comes from fossil fuelsfossil fuels• An energy resource that formed over An energy resource that formed over

millions of years from the decayed millions of years from the decayed remains of ancient plants and animalsremains of ancient plants and animals

A solid example of this is coalA solid example of this is coal• Used to power many power plants for electricityUsed to power many power plants for electricity

A liquid example of this is petroleum (oil)A liquid example of this is petroleum (oil)• Often turned into propane to heat homesOften turned into propane to heat homes

A gas example of this is natural gasA gas example of this is natural gas• Usually found with petroleumUsually found with petroleum

Nonrenewable Energy ResourcesNonrenewable Energy Resources

The main advantage of fossil fuels is the The main advantage of fossil fuels is the large amount of energy they can producelarge amount of energy they can produce• This leads to This leads to pollutionpollution

The release of unwanted materials into the The release of unwanted materials into the environmentenvironment

Burning causes air pollutionBurning causes air pollution Coal mining can damage land and pollute water Coal mining can damage land and pollute water

suppliessupplies Accidents can damage habitatsAccidents can damage habitats

Fossil Fuels VideoFossil Fuels Video• History of…History of…

Los Angeles SmogLos Angeles Smog

Nonrenewable Energy ResourcesNonrenewable Energy Resources

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the airdioxide into the air• Many scientist believe that the extra COMany scientist believe that the extra CO2 2

has led to global warming.has led to global warming.A trend of rising average A trend of rising average

temperatures around the worldtemperatures around the world Argument about Global WarmingArgument about Global Warming

• LongLong Argument against Global WarmingArgument against Global Warming

• ShorterShorter

Nonrenewable Energy ResourcesNonrenewable Energy Resources

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy• Energy stored in the nucleus of an atomEnergy stored in the nucleus of an atom• Another source of energy used in the USAnother source of energy used in the US

Most use Uranium, a nonrenewable resourceMost use Uranium, a nonrenewable resource• Does not cause air pollutionDoes not cause air pollution

Could release Could release radioactive materials into the environment radioactive materials into the environment that could be harmful to living organisms that could be harmful to living organisms (us…)(us…)

• Produces radioactive Produces radioactive wastewaste which needs which needs to be stored for a long timeto be stored for a long time

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources Humans have used renewable Humans have used renewable

energy for thousands of yearsenergy for thousands of years• The three most used are:The three most used are:

WindWind WaterWater SolarSolar

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources Solar EnergySolar Energy

• Energy from the sunEnergy from the sun• Often used today to heat water in homesOften used today to heat water in homes• Solar panels can be used to produce electricity Solar panels can be used to produce electricity

alsoalso Photovoltaic CellPhotovoltaic Cell

• Another name for a solar cellAnother name for a solar cell• They collect sunlight that heats the atoms in the cellThey collect sunlight that heats the atoms in the cell • Cannot be used at nightCannot be used at night

Can combine with Can combine with Solar BatteriesSolar Batteries• Store the energy collected during the dayStore the energy collected during the day

Solar ReflectorSolar Reflector• Reflects and focuses sunlight onto fluid-filled pipesReflects and focuses sunlight onto fluid-filled pipes

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources Wind EnergyWind Energy

• Energy of moving airEnergy of moving air• Turns the blades of windmills or turbines to Turns the blades of windmills or turbines to

create electrical or mechanical energycreate electrical or mechanical energy• No pollution but does affect local environmentsNo pollution but does affect local environments

Noisy for the neighborsNoisy for the neighbors Local birds and bats are often struck by the bladesLocal birds and bats are often struck by the blades

• Many nations looking offshore to build new Many nations looking offshore to build new wind farmswind farms

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources HydropowerHydropower

• Energy of moving waterEnergy of moving water• Built on rivers in US and around the worldBuilt on rivers in US and around the world• Moving water turn blades to produce electricityMoving water turn blades to produce electricity

Similar to wind energySimilar to wind energy Usually near waterfalls or fast moving waterUsually near waterfalls or fast moving water

Dam VideoDam Video Dam Removal VideoDam Removal Video

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources BiomassBiomass

• Any material from living things that can be Any material from living things that can be used as an energy sourceused as an energy source

Examples include burning wood, fermenting crops Examples include burning wood, fermenting crops like corn for ethanollike corn for ethanol

• Disadvantage is the release of CODisadvantage is the release of CO2 2 into the into the environmentenvironment

• Another disadvantage is the use of food source Another disadvantage is the use of food source for energy when there are people starving.for energy when there are people starving.

NASCAR connectionNASCAR connection

Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Resources Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

• Heat energy inside Earth that can be Heat energy inside Earth that can be used to heat buildings and produce used to heat buildings and produce electricityelectricity

• Usually located over volcanic groundsUsually located over volcanic grounds Iceland has the largest numberIceland has the largest number

• Nearly 90% of all homes in Iceland are heated by Nearly 90% of all homes in Iceland are heated by geothermal energygeothermal energy

Geothermal HeatGeothermal Heat

Using and Conserving Using and Conserving Energy ResourcesEnergy Resources

Nonrenewable energy resources are Nonrenewable energy resources are used most worldwide.used most worldwide.

In the last 50 years, we have doubled In the last 50 years, we have doubled the use of fossil fuels to meet the the use of fossil fuels to meet the growing world populationgrowing world population

These fuels will not last foreverThese fuels will not last forever

Using EnergyUsing Energy Using EnergyUsing Energy

• The more tools and devices we develop, the more energy we The more tools and devices we develop, the more energy we will needwill need

Conserving EnergyConserving Energy• In the 1950’s we used the same amount of energy we In the 1950’s we used the same amount of energy we

producedproduced• In the 2000’s we use much more energy than we produceIn the 2000’s we use much more energy than we produce• ConservationConservation

The careful use and management of resourcesThe careful use and management of resources

Using energy responsiblyUsing energy responsibly• 20 Minute Video20 Minute Video

Bill Nye Energy EpisodeBill Nye Energy Episode• 20 Minute Video20 Minute Video

Major League Baseball Goes GreenMajor League Baseball Goes Green• 10 minutes10 minutes