energy commons presentation in austria 2010
DESCRIPTION
Explores concept of community owned and controlled de-centralized energy grids.TRANSCRIPT
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12th FM-Gespraeche 2010
Optimizing Energy Decisions‘Energy commons’
byFred Klammt
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Current power production
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Future Energy commons
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Supply or Demand based energy solution?
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Energy Ladders
Carbon footprint ladder
Solar + Wind
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Remote + Centralized
Regional
DE + Microgrid
Commons
Nuclear
Fossil Fuel
Efficiency ladder
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Right sizing energy
• Energy balance needed• Appropriate use of energy
– Do we really want to heat a house with a nuclear breeder reactor?
– Do we really want to run a steel mill with wind mills?
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D E R• De-Centralized Energy Resources
– Possible Energy Sources:• Combined heat power (CHP)• Micro combined heat and power (MicroCHP)
– Wood, Biomass, Cut grasses, etc.• Microturbines• Solar
– Thermal, Hi/Lo Temp, Stirling engines– Photovoltaic Systems
• Small, large Wind power systems• Reciprocating engines
– Cogen, Trigen• Fuel cells
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Microgeneration manifesto
• GHG reduction requires widespread and systematic incorporation of microgeneration technologies into both new and existing buildings
• Carbon savings aside, spin-off benefits include: – greater energy security, – alleviation of fuel poverty – contribution towards the economic recovery through the
creation of ‘green jobs’
• The key pillars of Microgeneration Manifesto are: – cohesive, integrated financial support– comprehensive retro-fitting of microgeneration
technologies into existing building stock; – clear information on options for credible career options.
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Energy commons tools
1. Permaculture 2. Biomimicry3. Cradle-to-Cradle™ 4. Industrial Ecology5. System dynamics6. Quality principles7. TBL: People, planet, profit
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12 Permaculture Principles1. observe and interact2. catch and store energy3. obtain a yield4. apply self-regulation + accept feedback5. use and value renewable resources + services6. produce no waste7. design from patterns to details8. integrate rather than segregate9. use small and slow solutions10.use and value diversity11.use edges and value the marginal12.creatively use and respond to change
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Permaculture Zones (energy zones)
0 = where we live1 = our garden, property2 = the surrounding forest, community3 = the larger support , farms4 = harvest forests5 = natural conservation forests6 = office, shop, factory
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Cradle to cradle™3 basic principles: 1. Waste Equals Food
2. Use Current Solar Income3. Celebrate Diversity
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Simulation software
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Energy Commons 10 Criteria
1. Availability + Reliability Includes technology issues, local distances Continuity/Intermittency, Sustainability
2. First Cost Construction, investment, financing, capitalization,
3. Extraction + Delivery Difficulty of access to energy source, distribution, sharing
4. Conversion efficiency btu in/btu out[1] Supply Chain LCA for energy input vs useful output
5. Social + Political Constraints Cultural regards, political considerations,
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6. Risk: Chemical, security Potential risk of toxic exposures, security risks
7. Technology Where on tech innovation curve is this energy source
8. O+M costs What are the long term O+M costs? How often will
major maintenance be needed?
9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ Emissionpollutant = Activity * Emission Factorpollutant[2]
10. Power intensity Measure of overall energy efficiency[3]
Energy Commons 10 Criteria
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Evaluation criteria
• 1. Availability + Reliability• 2. First cost• 3. Extraction+delivery • 4. Conversion eff btu/btu• 5. Social+political constraints• 6. Risk:Chemical + Secuity• 7. Technology• 8. O+M costs• 9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ• 10. Power intensity
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Leveraging
Science +
Technology
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Solar energy is plentiful►Introduction
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Renewable Energy
Technologies
• Scalability– Small-medium-large
• Solar– Passive– Thermal (active, passive)
• Hi Temp (ie: Stirling)
• Lo Temp– PV– Cooling
• Wind
• Geothermal– Heat pumps– Earth pipes– other
Regulatory Environment
• Federal + State Laws● Rebate programs + Rqm’ts● www.dsire.com
• Building Codes• Regulatory Agencies
• California AB32, SB2075, etc
• Utilities● CA: PG+E, SCE
● Feed-in tariffs
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Carbon Abatement Cost for various Energy End-uses
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Next generation light bulb - plasma?http://greentechnolog.com/state/california/
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Where to start
1. Standards2. Measurement3. Data
4. Metrics5. Benchmarking6. Improvement
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http://www.coolcalifornia.org/article/calculator
Current DER in California
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Achieving AB 32 Targets in Buildings
Source: Rick Diamond PhD, LBNL
Business as usual
New Construction
Renovation
Existing Buildings
Reductions needed
2020 Target
2050 Target
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One More Motivation…
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