energy can be transformed from one form to another
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Energy can be transformed from one form to another. FREE ENERGY vs. HEAT. THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH. THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Energy can be transformed from one form to another
FREE ENERGY vs.
HEAT
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THE SUN: MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH
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• Almost all plants are photosynthetic autotrophs, as are some bacteria and protists– Autotrophs generate their own organic matter through
photosynthesis– Sunlight energy is transformed to energy stored in the
form of chemical bonds
(a) Mosses, ferns, andflowering plants
(b) Kelp
(c) Euglena (d) Cyanobacteria
THE BASICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Light Energy Harvested by Plants & Other Photosynthetic Autotrophs
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
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Food Chain
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WHWHY ARY ARE PE PLANLANTS GTS GREREEN?EN?
It's not that easy bein' green Having to spend each day the color of the leaves When I think it could be nicer being red or yellow or gold Or something much more colorful like that…
Kermit the Frog
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Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light
Gammarays X-rays UV
Infrared & Microwaves Radio waves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)
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Different wavelengths of visible light are seen by the human eye as different colors.
WHYWHY ARE ARE PLA PLANTS NTS GREGREEN?EN?
Gammarays
X-rays UV Infrared Micro-waves
Radiowaves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)
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Sunlight minus absorbed Sunlight minus absorbed wavelengths or colors wavelengths or colors equals the apparent color equals the apparent color of an objectof an object..
The feathers of male cardinals are loaded with carotenoid pigments. These pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others.
Reflected light
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Why are plants green?
Reflected lig
ht
Transmitted light
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WHYWHY ARE ARE PLA PLANTS NTS GREGREEN? EN?
Plant Cells have Green Chloroplasts
The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls, carotenoids).
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Chloroplasts absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy
LightReflected
light
Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Chloroplast
THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR NOT ABSORBED
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Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Carbondioxide
Water Glucose Oxygengas
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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• The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide– ATP generated by the light
reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis
– The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose
LightChloroplast
Lightreactions
Calvincycle
NADP
ADP+ P
The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy Produce ATP & NADPH
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis– Occurs in chloroplasts, organelles in certain
plants– All green plant parts have chloroplasts and carry
out photosynthesis• The leaves have the most chloroplasts• The green color comes from chlorophyll in the
chloroplasts• The pigments absorb light energy
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The location and structure of chloroplasts
LEAF CROSS SECTION MESOPHYLL CELL
LEAF
Chloroplast
Mesophyll
CHLOROPLAST Intermembrane space
Outermembrane
Innermembrane
ThylakoidcompartmentThylakoidStroma
Granum
StromaGrana
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Chloroplast Pigments
Chloroplasts contain several pigments
– Chlorophyll a – Chlorophyll b – Carotenoids
Figure 7.7
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Different pigments absorb light differently
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Plants produce OPlants produce O22 gas by splitting H gas by splitting H22OO
The O2 liberated by photosynthesis is
made from the oxygen in water (H+ and e-)
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It's not that It's not that easy bein' easy bein' green… but it green… but it is essential for is essential for life on earth!life on earth!
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Photosynthesis RAP! (Cheeeeezy, but catchy!)