energy bank capacitor applications3 electrical parameters the energy bank will discharge itself...
TRANSCRIPT
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Electrical parameters • Energy • Peak current (discharge voltage) • Voltage ripple • Pulse Current • Principle • Pulse Forming Network
• AVX realizations • AVX Knows How •DCfilteringforindustrialapplication •Reasonancefiltersforrailwayssubstations •DCfilterforpowerelectronictube •PulseFormingNetworkforHIghPowerLASER •DCEnergystoragefor50/60Hzconverter •DCEnergystorageforSmootherfilter •DCEnergystorageforPowerSystemBooster •DischargeEnergyBankforElectromagneticgun
•GuideforCustomer’sSpecificRequirements
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Introduction
HighPowercapacitorscanbeidentifiedasstoragevolume.Atankwillstoragewaterdrop,capacitorswillstorageelectricalcharge(electrons).
Everybodyknowswhatisadamorfloodbarrieroratoiletflush,EnergyStorageCapaci-torwillactasdamortoiletflush
Theprincipleofworkingisa“long”chargetimeanda“short”dischargetimeinordertogenerate a short pulse with peak current
Shortpulsewithpeakcurrentwillproduceahighpowerpulseabletocreate:-highmagneticfieldininductances-ormagneticfieldinmagnets- or an ionization in a lamp - or a plasma in the material- or EM pulse lightning -orHighFrequencytubes
Applicationsaremultiplesbutsomeofthemarewellidentifiedas: -particlesacceleratorsinResearchLabs -EMgunsforMilitaryapplications -FusionLaserforMilitaryapplications -HighMagneticfieldforResearch(Medical) -MarxGeneratorforMilitaryapplicationsandElectricalLabs - EM cylinders - Electrical Forming -KlystronsandotherHighPowerelectronictubes
SomeothersclassicalapplicationsDCbanksfilteringinstorageHighEnergyapplicationaremetforTransport&DistributionofEnergy(FlexibleACTransmissionSystem,STAticCOMpensator,UnifiedPowerFlowController).
Moreandmore,banksofcapacitorsareusedasEnergystoragebanksinordertodeliv-erenergyduringseveral100ms.Contrarytobatteriesandsupercapacitors,powerca-pacitorshavenolimitationintermofdischargetime.
TheseHighEnergyapplicationsrequestnotonlyfewelementarycapacitorsbutlotofcapacitorsmechanicalmountedandelectricalconnectedonmechanicalframes.
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Electrical Parameters
II.1.Energy
PowerrangemeansseveralkVand“High”capacitanceinordertogenerate“High”energyfrom100kJuptoseveralMJperequipment.Themaxelementarycapacitanceisabout125kJperunit.
Werememberthat:Energy=½CV²(withEinJoule,CinFandVinVolt).
II.2.PeakCurrent(dischargevoltage)
IfPeakCurrentisproportionaltocapacitance,currentdependsalsoofratiobetweenvoltageandtimeofdischarge.Dependingofapplications,PeakCurrentcanshiftfromfewkAuptoseveralMA.
Werememberthat:Ipeak=C∆V/∆t(withIpeakinAmps,CinF,VinVoltandtinsecond) AnexampleforenergybankC=10x300µF/24kV
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Electrical Parameters
Theenergybankwilldischargeitselfpartiallyabout80%during500ms.Thisdischargecanberepeatseveraltimesperdayorfewtimespermonth.Thetargetistopresentenergystorageavailableincaseofswitchingorshorttimedisruption.Inthiscasebatteriesorsupercapacitorscannotprovidethisenergyduringthistime,electrolyticcapscannotbeusedduetohighvoltageandhighenergyandsecurityofworking.
II.4.PulseCurrent
II.4.1.Principle
Capacitor(C)chargeordischargeisfirstordermode,exponentiallawin serialresistance(R).Ifinthecircuitweaddaninductance(L),atminimum thereisalwaysinductanceduetoserialinductanceofcapandinductance ofconnections,thechargeanddischargemodewillbesecondorderwith sinewavesofcurrentandvoltage.
II.3.VoltageRipple
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AR,L,Ccircuitcangenerateonlysinewavespulsebutsometimes,theloadrequestsquarepulses,it’sthecaseofmagnetron,klystronormagnets. Inthiscaseit’snecessarytouseaPFN(PulseFormingNetwork).
II.4.2.PulseFormingNetwork
APFN,isrealizedwithL,Ccells,sameasdelayline,butthePFNischargeanddischargedinitsentranceonitscharacteristicimpedanceinordertogenerateasquarecalibratedpulsewithoutreversal.Squarepulsehavespecificcharacteristicsas:risetime,falltime,overshoot,ripple,rampthatTPCcontrolwithcellscharacteristics.TPCisatheonlyonecompanytodesignandtomanufacturePFN.
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III.TPCrealizations
III.1.TPCKnowHow
TPChasmore47yearsofexperienceinelectrotechnicfield,theusualvaluesarekiloVoltxkiloAmps=MegaWatt.Sizeofsuchapplicationsinduceseveralm3andseveraltons.TPCKnowHowistodesignsuchcomponentsmeetingelectricalandmechanicalfunctions.TPCisalsoabletodesignmechanicalstructuresupportingcapacitors,electricalinsulation,connectionsandcabling.
III.2.DCfilteringforindustrialapplication
Dependingofpowerapplication,whenonereachseveralMW,severalDCcapacitorsareconnectedinparallel.
III.2.1.Resonancefilterforrailwayssubstations
C2943:2175µF+/-2%-6.2kV-220kg
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III.2.2.DCfilterforpowerelectronictube
TFL118:160µF+/-10%-32kV–1250kg
L1296:500µs–58kV–1.5MW–23000kg
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III.4.DCEnergystoragefor50/60Hzconverter
C2961:74000µF+/-5%–4.2kV–4500kg
Nota:Totalbankperconverteris0.28F/4.2kV
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III.5.DCEnergystorageforSmoothfilterforelectromagnets(SynchrotronPowerSupply)
C2953:400.000µF+/-5%-1650V–1500kg
Nota:thesecabinetshavebeendesignedandrealizedwithadditionalcontrol/commandfunctionsas:- Thermal measurements- Zero Voltage Testing- Securitysystem- ProgrammableLogicComputer
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III.6.DCEnergystorageforPowerSystemBoosterforMagnetssupplyforProtonSynchrotron
C2955:64575µF+/-2.5%-5kVdc–3450kg
Nota:thetotalbankis0.25F/5kVdcworkinginmarinecontainers
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III.7.DischargeEnergyBankforElectromagneticgun(Militaryapplications)
C2931:0.17F+/-10%-10.75kV–29000kg
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Customer’s Specific Requirements
Company / Name / Email / Phone Project / Quantity
Capacitors IntegrationCapacitors Dimensions (mm) Operating Position Terminals
length width hight vertical Type Number
horizontal
Bank InformationBank available volume (mm) Insulation level (k V rm s)
length width hight form0V fromgground
Thermal CharacteristicsStorage temperature (ºC) Operating Temperature (ºC) Coolingmin min Natural Convection
average Average Foreced Air
max max
Remarks
Applications DC Application Discharge ApplicationTotalCapacitance(µF)
Tolerance(%)
Operating coltage (ripple included)
Ripple voltage (peak to peak)
Workingfrequency(Hz)
Peak current
RMScurrent
Maximumcurrent/duration
Discharge
Pulseduration@5%lpeak(µs)
Time to lpeak (µs)
RingingFrequency(Hz)
ReversalVoltage(%)
Repetition rate
Holdtime@fullvoltage(s)
Faultpeakcurrent/nbshots
Faultreversalvoltage(%)
Lifetimeexpectancy
Maximum Inductance (nH)
Testvoltagebetweenterminals(kV)
Testvoltagebetweenshortedterminalsandcase(kV)
MaximumsurgevoltageMSV(kV)
MSVDuration/Frequency second /year