energy appraisal of retail units - close the door · 2012. 12. 5. · energy appraisal of retail...
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Appraisal of Retail Units
Research Student: Murat BasarirSupervisor: Dr. Mauro Overend
Assessing the effect of open doors on energy consumption and thermal comfort during the heating season
Thursday, 11 November 2010
Overview of Presentation
•Project Motivation
•Objectives
•Methodology
•Analysis of Initial Results
•Summary
•Conclusion
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Project Motivation
27%
10%
8%
56%
Door Open, air curtain not fittedDoor Open, air curtain runningDoor Open, air curtain fitted but not runningDoor Closed
•UK Government has set carbon emission targets to 34 % below 1990 levels by 2020
•The service sector accounts for 19% UK’s energy consumption
•Within the service sector the retail sector accounts for 20 % of the energy consumption
Energy use in the Average Retail Environment
DECC (2010) Energy Consumption in the UK Service Data Tables
31%
13%32%
8%
17%
HeatingCateringLightingCoolingOther
Winter Door and Air Curtain Usage
Brown, N., Wright, A.J, Caeiro , J.A.J, Altan, H., Summerfield, A.J, “Large Scale Energy Surveys in the UK Retail Sector”, RICS Annual Conference Cobra 2006
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Project Objectives
2. Deploy a wide range of wireless sensors to monitor all the factors that effect energy consumption in a store
1. Investigate energy consumption and thermal comfort under different modes of operation:
ii. summer (cooling)
3. Assess the benefits of implementing power meters in retail outlets
4. Quantify any differences to customer footfall
i. winter (heating)
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Methodology
1. Identify typologically different stores to participate in the field studies
2. Assemble and deploy a toolkit consisting of wireless sensors to monitor important parameters (energy consumption, temperature, door operation)
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3.Two key cases were investigated:
‣The fan heaters above the doors (air curtains) remained turned on throughout the whole day
‣ The heating was turned on at the start of business hours and was turned off once the set point temperature was reached
Open Door Day Closed Door Day
‣The fan heaters above the doors (air curtains) remained off throughout the whole day
Methodology
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POWER METER SMARTPLUG
Equipment
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Equipment
TEMPERATURE SENSORS WEATHER STATION
Outdoor Unit
Indoor Unit
Temperature and Humidity Sensor
1.17 cm
75 cm
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Sidney Street
Suss
ex St
reet
Ryman
Cambr
idge
Toy S
hop North
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Cambridge Toy Shop
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Cambridge Toy Shop
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Floor Area: 158 m
Temperature and Humidity Sensors
2
Floor Plan of Cambridge Toy Shop
Height of Ground Shop Floor: 3.25 m Height of Sensors : 1.5 m
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Energy Consumption for Cambridge Toy Shop
Total Daily Energy Consumption: 82 kWh
Average Wind Speed: 0.1 m/s
Date: March 8, 2010
Closed Door Case
Average Outside Temperature: 6.4 CMin: 1.8 Max: 10.5
Total Daily Energy Consumption: 125 kWh
Average Wind Speed: 0 m/s
Average Outside Temperature: 6.1 C
Min: 3.5 C Max: 7.2
Date: March 11, 2010
Open Door Case
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
Heating + Lighting
Lighting
Heating + Lighting + Air Curtain
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
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Temperature Distribution in Cambridge Toy Shop
March 8 - Closed Door Case
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Temperature Distribution in Cambridge Toy Shop
Mar 11 - Open Door Case
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Ryman
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Ryman
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Floor Plan of Ryman
Floor Area:153 m2
Temperature and Humidity Sensors
Height of Store : 2.6 mHeight of Sensors : 1.5 m
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
Kettle
Photocopiers
and Laminator
Energy Consumption for Ryman
Total Daily Energy Consumption: 92 kWh
Average Wind Speed: 1.6 m/s
Date: March 3, 2010
Closed Door Case
Average Outside Temperature: 6.0 CMin: 2.6 Max: 9.4
Total Daily Energy Consumption: 238 kWh
Average Wind Speed: 1.3 m/s
Average Outside Temperature: 5.2 C
Min: 1.4 C Max: 7.3
Date: March 11, 2010
Open Door Case
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
Cashier Heater
Kettle
Photocopiers and
Laminator
Heating +
Lighting
Lighting
Heating + Lighting + Air Curtain + Cashier Heater
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00
kW
Time
Total Energy
Consumption
Cashier Heater
Kettle
Photocopiers and
Laminator
kWkW
Time
Time
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March 3 - Closed Door Case
Temperature Distribution in Ryman
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March 11 - Open Door Case
Temperature Distribution in Ryman
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Summary
Cambridge Toy Shop Ryman
44 kg CO2
Summary for Winter
Percentage Savings
e
Difference
30 % 54 %
Emissions EmissionsEnergy
80 kWh
34 kWh 18 kg CO2e
50 kg CO2e
58 kg CO2e
91 kWh
107 kWh
Mean Energy Consumption for Open Door Cases
114 kWh 62 kg CO2e 108 kg CO2e198 kWh
Energy
Mean Energy Consumption for
Closed Door Cases
*Based on weekdays and Saturdays
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Conclusion•A significant difference in energy consumption exists between different modes of door operation during the heating season
•Open doors can lead to areas of staff discomfort as they fail to meet CIBSE thermal comfort guidelines
•The increase in energy consumption leads to a rise in CO emissions
2
•No evidence was found that footfall was affected by the closed door and any difference in transactions was not significant
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Thank you
!
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