energy and sustainability building a sustainable energy future - without the hot air samo fürst,...
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Energy and Sustainability building a sustainable energy future - without the hot air
Samo Fürst, GEN energija
Ljubljana, 9 July 2014
We need energy literacy to make informed decisions about our energy future.
Energy:- Why?- How much?- When?- Where does it come from?- Decision factors?
1 kilowatt hour = 40 W light bulb / 24 hours
- Food (chemical energy) = 3 kWh/day/person- Hot bath = 5 kWh of heat- Car drive (35 km/day, consumption 7 L/100
km) = 24 kWh/day
Chemical energy Food Movement
Energy primary sources and its consumption in Slovenia
Slovenia’s primary source consumption is roughly 113 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day per person.
In practical terms, this is the amount of energy one hundred and thirteen 40-watt light bulbs would use if left turned on by a single person around the clock, every day of the year.
Energy use means unavoidable losses
Slovenian energy balance
Energy unit: kWh/capita/day
Slovenian electricity productionSize of a circle represents yearly production
38 %
34 %
27 %OTHER RENEWABLES 1 %
66% of electricity in Slovenia is low carbon and sustainable(RES + nuclear)
Electricity consumption & production in Slovenia 1960-2060
2043 – Krško NPP closed2055 – Šoštanj TPP closed
1 GWh = one million kWh
Decisions are needed today!
Morning Evening
Electricity cannot be stored! Production always equal to consumption!
Electricity use vs. time – requested power
Developing a sustainable energy strategyEnergy trilemma
- How to provide affordable, reliable supply of energy, which takes into account the principles of environmental sustainability?
How, by what and when?
Slovenian commitments to the EU – climate and energy targets
- Reduction of CO2 emissions; total emissions reductions of 30% to 40% by 2030
- Indicative targets for 2050; 80% to 90% reduction in the overall reduction of CO2 emissions
- The share of renewable energy sources; 25% by 2020
Energy equity
Environmental sustainability
Energy security
Factors influencing decisions
Life cycle impacts shall be considered
All impacts shall be taken into account!
Planning vs NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) Irresponsibility is unsustainable!
Climate change is (perceived as) one of the most serious threats to mankind
Source: Climate change, Report, Special Eurobarometer 372, 2011.
Climate change is a fact!
• 400ppm is record level in the last 800.000 years (data from Antarctic ice)
• This level was last reached 3 million years ago
Climate change driver: CO2 at record level of 400ppm
• Ice ages repeated every 100.000 years; CO2 level was from 180ppm to 280ppm
Climate change is a fact!
ESCII:2,39 tCO2/toe in 1990 2,37 tCO2/toe in 2010
Source: OECD/IEA
RES are not enough to achieve goal of 2 deg. temp. rise!
Sustainable energy mixNuclear + RenewableLow carbon electricity, affordable to all levels of society!
Rel
iabl
e su
pply
Energytriangle
CO
2 footprint
Affordable
Electricity prices for small consumers (USD/MWh)
NuclearNon - Nuclear
Nuclear provides sustainability
The key directions for Slovenian sustainable energy future are:
- electrification of the transport and heating sector,- electricity generation from sustainable and renewable
sources (nuclear and hydro energy),- reduction of fossil fuels and focus on natural gas as the
cleanest of them,- better use of energy sources available due to our natural
characteristics - biomass for heating,- energy efficiency measures (- 20%, - 30%?)…
>>> EXPECTED RESULTS:- less energy import dependency > more energy security- less CO2 emissions
- reliable energy supply at competitive prices
Future low carbon option for Slovenia
SOLAR: 0,1 kWh/d
HYDRO: 5 kWh/d
NUCLEAR HEAT: 25 kWh/d
BIOMASS AND GEOTHERMAL: 10 kWh/d
COAL: 23 kWh/d
NATURAL GAS: 11 kWh/d
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS: 39 kWh/d
PRIMARY SOURCES 113 kWh/d per person
- 30 %in consumption
SOLAR: 20 kWh/d
NUCLEAR: 20 kWh/d
PRIMARY SOURCES 80 kWh/d per person
BIOMASS: 20 kWh/d
WIND: 10 kWh/d
HYDRO: 10 kWh/d
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Today Option for future
SOLAR: 20 kWh/d
NUCLEAR: 20 kWh/d
BIOMASS: 20 kWh/d
WIND: 10 kWh/d
HYDRO: 10 kWh/d
NEEDS
280 km2 area
Power plant 1900 MW
3400 km2 area
400 km2 area
All theoretic possible
potential
Requirements for proposed future option
Is it a sustainable option?
GEN Group’s core business functions
Production
Trading and Sales
Development and Investments
Based on sustainable energy sources
Electricity production in the GEN Group in 2013 (in GWh, by source)
The GEN Group: electricity production Portfolio of sustainable and renewable energy sources
The GEN group2.983 GWh
Slovenian average energy production: 11 TWh/per year
Slovenian average consumption:12 TWh/per year
Average GEN Group production (50% NEK): 3 TWh/per year
Sustainable energy – provided by nuclear and RES
Investing in new production capacity
EXPANDING NUCLEAR CAPACITIES FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
• Investment in the construction of a second unit of Krško NPP (Krško 2).
OTHER INVESTMENTS
• Completing the chain of hydroelectric power plants on the lower and middle course of the Sava River
• Replacement of gas units PB 1, 2, 3 at Termoelektrarna Brestanica (TEB) – assessing the viability of investing in a gas-steam unit.
• Investments in the future, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources.
JEK 2 and sustainable development of Slovenia
• Optimal land requirements and nature conservation
• Low carbon source of energy
• Pressurized water reactor, 3th generation with improved technology and security
• Usage of recycled fuel • Positive impact on Slovenian economy and standard of living
• Competitiveness on electricity market
• electricity generated at a nuclear power plant is competitive in the market without any subsidies
• a reliable electricity supply
• Domestic source of energy
• District Heating
• Highly qualified jobs
• the best, most advanced and secure technologies
Environment Society
Economy
Decision is in our hands! Be open minded and decide on facts!
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
Samo Fürst, Licensing Lead Engineer, GEN energija
Technical limitations for RES
Electricity load diagram
Load – power neededwind
PV
PV+ wind
Energy deficitClassic power plants