energy advisory board water treatment rifle, colorado - march 1, 2007
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Advisory Board
Water Treatment
Rifle, Colorado - March 1, 2007
Agenda
■ Glossary
■ Water Process Review
■ EnCana Recycling Facilities
Water Terminology
■ Salt – A dissolved solid in water. Eg. Calcium, magnesium, “Table Salt” NaCl
■ Suspended solids – particles or materials in the water that do not dissolve
■ Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) – a measure of the total concentration of salt in a solution
Freeze-Thaw Evaporation
■ Difference in freezing points of pure water (32°F) and water containing salts (< 32 °F)
■ Water freezes while higher TDS water stays liquid
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
■ Removes TDS by passing the water through a semi-permeable cellophane-like membrane.
■ “microscopic filter”
Ultraviolet light (UV)
■ Sterilization technology
■ Ultraviolet lamps that produce short wave radiation lethal to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms present in water.
Chemical Treatment
■ Chlorination – Chlorine addition to water removes bacteria, viruses, protozoa and other organisms along with oxidizing iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide to a filterable form.
■ Iodine – another chemical used to disinfect water
■ Precipitation – polymers and other chemicals are used to bind solids in the water together and then settled out
Ion Exchange
■ A process that removes specific dissolved salts from water by exchanging them with other salts on a medium
■ Medium is regenerated by washing with a concentrated mixture of the exchanged salts
■ Typically used as residential water softeners (removes calcium and magnesium)
Distillation
■ Boiling water and condensing the purified water vapor
Artificial Wetlands
■ Constructed wetlands that utilize the biodegradation ability of plants.
■ Limited and specific TDS removal
EnCana Produced Water Use
■ Water Disposition− Recycling water in drilling and fracturing operations
• 2006 recycled ~3,600,000 bbl (465 acre·ft)
• ~90% of total water produced
− Storage and evaporation
• 500,000 bbl (64 acre·ft) of storage
Water Treatment■ Tested five different water treatment technologies
■ Looking at future up-coming processes