ENERGY

Energy – The ability to do work

How is energy involved in the following picture?

The tennis player does work On her racket

The racket does work on the ball

The ball does work on the net

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Energy Video

STATES OF ENERGY

1. Kinetic - The energy of motion, when energy is being transferred.

The faster the motion, the more kineticenergy it has. The bigger the mass, the more Kinetic energy it has.

Depends on mass and velocity

Increase Mass Increase K.E. Increase Velocity Increase K.E.

Why would a high speed collision cause more damage than a low speed collision?

2. Potential - Stored Energy or energythat is waiting to be transferred.

STATES OF ENERGY

-Object is not moving or doing work. BUT… the shape or position of the object can change the amount of potential energy.-When work is done on an object, potential energy is stored. -Has the ability to turn into kinetic energy.

What type of energy does each Picture demonstrate?

Kinetic – When you Swing hammerPotential

Potential Kinetic

The Roller Coaster

http://www.ohiomathworks.org/themeparks/coastequation.gif

7 Forms of Energy

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FORMS OF ENERGY

1. Mechanical – Energy associated with motion, anything moving.POTENTIAL OR KINETIC

Examples of mechanical energy

FORMS OF ENERGY

2. Thermal – Heat Energy Is

Kinetic Results from friction, causes temperature and phase changes, ALL OTHER TYPES of energy TURN INTO THIS.

Solid to Liquid Liquid to Gas

FORMS OF ENERGY

3. Chemical – Energy that is released as a result of molecular bonds being broken.A Form of Potential Energy

Examples: All forms of fuel (gasoline, coal, wood, food, radioactive materials) Photosynthesis, batteries.

1. Wood Burning; chemical energy stored in the wood is used to toast your marshmallows

2. Chemical energy is stored in the marshmallow’s sugar molecules.

What are examples of Chemical Energy in this picture?

3. When you eat a marshmallow, chemical energy stored becomes available for you to use.

FORMS OF ENERGY

4. Electrical Energy – Energy of moving electrons. Is

always kinetic.

The electrical outletsin your home allow you to use electricalenergy

FORMS OF ENERGY

5. Sound – Caused by an object’s vibrations. Can also be considered

mechanical. Is potential and kinetic

Example: Guitar Strings VibratingIs potential and kinetic

6. Light – Produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particle that are visible. Is kinetic.

LIGHT IS ELECTROMAGNETICENERGY

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Other Examples of Electromagnetic Energy

Microwave Infrared

Radio Waves X-Rays

FORMS OF ENERGY

7. Nuclear – energy associated with changes in the nucleus of an atom. Is potential.

Examples:

Sun’s Energy Nuclear Power Plant

WHICH FORM OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED IN EACH PICTURE?

Energy is that "certain something" inside stuff (or matter to be more precise) that makes everything happen. When something or somebody moves or jumps or falls or explodes or breathes or thinks or dances or does anything, it's because energy is being transformed.

SIMPLE ENERGY CONVERSIONS

A change from one form of energy to another is called an energy conversion.

Any form of energy can be converted Into any other form of energy.

ENERGY CONVERTING FROM POTENTIAL TO KINETIC

MAXPE.

MAXKE.

MAXPE.

CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

1. Chemical energy in food is converted to ………

2. Mechanical energy when you are moving, 3. Heat as a result of the movement to

maintain body temperature (homeostasis)I think

therefore I convert energy

Chemical mechanical thermal (heat)

Examples of Other Chemical Energy Conversions

1. Batteries(chemical) light heatsound2. Gas(chemical) mechanicalheatsound

Chemical to ?

Lighting: electricallightheat

Most of the energy is converted to heat. Only a small percentage of the original energy is converted into light energy. Heat causes the air to move very rapidly which in turn causes sound.

Electrical Energy ConversionsAll electrical appliances are converting

electricity.

Name several examples of electrical conversions.

MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

Movement causes friction which causes heat. Mechanical can turn into mechanical again.

Bike: mechanical mechanical thermal sound

THERE HAS TO BE AN ENERGY CHANGE TO MAKE THINGS HAPPEN!

ENERGY CONVERSIONS

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

The Law of Conservation of Energy statesthat when one form of energy is converted intoanother form of energy, no energy is destroyed

in the process.

Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed.

Energy Resources – a natural resource that can be converted into energy for use by humans.

Two Types of Energy Resources:

Renewable & Nonrenewable

Renewable Resource – an energy resource that can be replaced in a short amount of time.

WATER

WINDGEOTHERMAL BIOMASS

Renewable Resources: 1.Water- rivers (dams)

a. Hoover Dam- Nevada2.Wind- moving air (windmills)

b. Great Plains 3.Geothermal- hot springs, geysers (inside Earth)

c.Yellowstone, parts of KY4. Biomass- corn, ethanol, vegetable oils, wood d. Everywhere

Nonrenewable Resources – cannot be replaced after use or takes millions of years to replace.

Fossil Fuels – energy resources that are formed from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

Non-renewable Resources – Fossil Fuel

Coal

Petroleum(Oil)

Natural Gas

SUN!!!

Non Renewable Resources: 1.Coal- fossilized plants and animals (power plants)

a. KY, VA, WV2.Natural Gas- gas deposits in the Earth (pipelines)

b. Great Plains 3.Petroleum- hot springs, geysers (oil rigs)

c.Gulf of Mexico, Middle East4. Sun- radiant energy (solar panels) d. Everywhere

COMPLEXENERGY CONVERSIONSMany simple energy conversions put

together.

Converting energy from the sun to make it available for use at your home.

Complex Energy Conversions

All energy originates (starts) with the SUN!!!!

HOW CAN WE MAKE ENERGY FROM THE SUN USEABLE????

The energy conversions involved with the sun are:

Nuclear light thermal (heat)

How can we use the light energy given from the sun on earth?

Complex Energy Conversions

_________

_________

_________

_________

FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY TRANSFER

Nuclear toLight Light to

ChemicalChemicalTo Chemical

Chemical

Mechanical (turn turbines)

Electrical

Electromagnetic (light)

Burn the Coal – Chemical tothermalPower plant

Plants die Become coal

NUCLEAR ENERGYNuclear power plants do the same job as fossil fuel powered plants. They use nuclear energy to power the turbines that make the electricity.

Solar Energy

Light energy from the Sun is converted to electrical energy for use in our homes.

Disadvantage: Sun is not really a renewable resource.Advantage: Readily available as of now in all areas of the world.

Area of the World = Deserts, plains areas, any area with abundant sunlight.Arizona, Mexico, California

Hydroelectric (Water) Energy

Mechanical energy from water in rivers is converted to electrical power with dams.

Disadvantage: Expensive upkeep of dams.Advantage: Readily available to those that already have dams in place.

Area of the World = Hoover Dam most well known in our country.

Wind Energy

Mechanical energy from wind is converted to electrical power using wind turbines.

Disadvantage: Expensive and depends on how land is laid out.Advantage: Readily available to those that already have wind turbines in place.

Area of the World = Great Plains, Kansas, Oklahoma.

Geothermal Energy

Thermal energy from within the Earth that can be converted to usable energy.

Disadvantage: Land dependent, not available to everyone.Advantage: Cost effective.

Area of the World = Iceland, Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park.

Biomass Energy

Chemical energy in plant and animal waste can be converted to usable energy in the form of methane, ethanol, bio-diesel, etc.

Disadvantage: Does use some food resources increasing prices for these items.Advantage: Readily available.

Area of the World = Most places.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

Nuclear to Thermal

Thermal toMechanical

Mechanical toMechanical

ElectricalElectricaltoHeat

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BELLRINGERS1. Define potential and kinetic energy.2. Name the 7 types of energy and give an example

of each.3. Which energy types are potential? Which are

kinetic? Which are both?4. Explain the energy tranformations from the sun

to your alarm clock.5. Explain the energy transformations from the

sun to you riding a bike.6. Explain the energy transformations as a

pendulum swings.7. Define renewable and nonrenewable resources

and give an example of each.

Bellringer #2

1. The energy conversion involved with photosynthesis is:a. Nuclear to light to heat to chemicalb. Light to chemicalc. Chemical to light

2. The energy conversion involved with a flashlight is:a. Electrical to light to heatb. Chemical to electrical to light to heatc. Light to heat

3. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that in energy conversions:

a. Energy is used up during conversionsb. Energy is not transferred from one form to

another.c. Energy is neither created or destroyed only

changed from one form to another with no energy loss.