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Promoting Technical Quality Measures for PV Mini-grid Development in Indonesia Presented on Off-Grid Power Conference at Intersolar 2017 By Amalia Suryani, Team Leader of EnDev Indonesia Munich, 31 May 2017
PV Mini-grid Program for Rural Electrification
2
• Size: 1.9 million km2 (land), 3.2 million km2 (water) • Population: 250+ million • Electrification ratio: 91.6% (nation-wide, outlook 2017: 92.75%)
Border areas
<60% Electrification ratio
5,120 km 1,760 km
Outer islands
Jakarta
3
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Unit 117 119 87 145 100
MW (cumulative)
1.7 MW 5 MW 7.6 MW 13.2 MW 16.7 MW
Household (cumulative)
10,272 27,518 40,052 63,620 77,933
Mini-grid Service (MSP) Process
4
Evaluation Process Input Output
PV mini-grid specifications
General information of PV mini-grid systems
On-site technical measurement
Guided observation on workmanship
Social and management survey
Data analysis
Tools: photos, completed checklists,
questionnaire and form
Tools: camera, GPS, multimeter, checklists
Inspection guide for Photovoltaic Village Power (PVVP) Systems: https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Inspection_Guide_for_PVVP_150524_(GIZ_2015).pdf
Cross-checking with photos
Scoring
Compiling Technical Summary Reports
Evaluated by 2 engineers
Technical Summary Report
Installation score of each PV mini-grid
Evaluation of EPC’s performance
Clarification with inspector/surveyor
Recommendations for future implementation
Complete documentation
MSP tools
5
Component compliance check
aims to verify tangible components installed at the
sites (inclusive of power plant and distribution network) against the
contractual obligations as specified in the contract.
Performance verification
(recording & measurement) is an indicator to
demonstrate whether a system is functioning
optimally and if all the components are installed and configured correctly.
Workmanship quality check
aims to assess whether the quality of installation
adheres to local and where practical, international best
practices, safety requirements and its effect
on installation sustainability.
Mini-grid Service (MSP) 2013-2015
6
• Inspection was conducted 5 months after commissioning date (in average).
• MSP 2013 is to inspect program in 2012 (generally commissioned at the end of the year).
Mini-grids constructed 117 119 87
Mini-grids Inspected 112 110 83
EPC contractors 11 11 5
MSP budget (€) 353,400 368,800 233,700
Budget per site 3,155 3,352 2,815
Ratio to construction cost 2% 1.8% 1.3%
78 80 89 91
69 68
0
20
40
60
80
100
2013 2014 2015
Rat
ing
(%)
Year of inspection
Component compliance
Performance verification
Workmanship quality
Impact of MSP to workmanship quality
7
48%
23%
5% 0%
20%
40%
60%
2013 2014 2015
% of fault occurred (1)
PV module quality
PV module array foundation
PV array mounting structure
PV module wiring
PV array combiner box and wiring
4%
24%
11%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
2013 2014 2015
% of fault occurred (2)
Wiring to power house
Battery terminal connections
Internal power house wiring
Household installation
Grounding and earthing
• There are 20 categories in workmanship quality, each consists of several indicators.
• From year to year, there were also improvements on these workmanship indicators.
Major improvements
8
“Natural selection” of contractors
Improving workmanship quality
Improving installation safety
Significant enhancement on mounting structure and module quality
Robust tools to check technical quality
Case study 1
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Case 1: JaTengS06
*) Losses due to shading, temperature increasing, MPPT mismatch, array mismatch, PV module quality losses, wiring
SCC losses
Consumed by the load
Inverter losses
Energy curtailment
62.7%
2%
25.9%
0.6%
2.8%
6%
PV array losses* Battery losses
PV capacity : 15 kWp
Configuration : DC Coupled – 48 V
Battery inverter : 3 x 6 kW = 18 kW
Battery : 144 kWh Lead acid
Average irradiation : 4 kWh/m2/day
Costumers : 75 hh @ 260 Wh (max) = 19.5 kWh
Streetlights : 19 units @ 11 W in 5 h = 1 kWh
Sankey Diagram based on data acquired in 6 months
Case study 2
10
Case 2: MalS11 Grid inverter
losses
Consumed by the load
Inverter losses
Energy curtailment
65%
4.8%
22%
0.4%
3.6%
3.8%
PV array losses* Battery losses
*) Losses due to shading, temperature increasing, MPPT mismatch, array mismatch, PV module quality losses, wiring
Costumers : 157 hh @ 260 Wh (max) = 40.8 kWh
Streetlights : 26 units @ 11 W in 5 h = 1.5 kWh
Sankey Diagram based on data acquired in 10 months
Capacity : 50 kWp
Configuration : AC Coupled – 48 V
Grid Inverter : 2 x 15 kW ; 1 x 20 kW
Battery Inverter : 9 x 6 kW Sunny Island
Battery : 432 kWh lead acid
Average irradiation : 5.6 kWh/m2/day
