energia
DESCRIPTION
Presentazione realizzata da due 4° del Liceo Scientifico di Znojmo nella Repubblica Ceca a conclusione di un corso on line per scuole sulla piattaforma www.teamformula.it (Microcorsi per classi)TRANSCRIPT
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Energy
Gymnazium a SOSPg
Pontassievska 3
Znojmo
Czech Republic
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Power Stations in the Czech Republic
Coal
Nuclear
Hydro
Solar
Wind
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Renewable / Non renewable Resources
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Wave
Tidal
Geothermal
Biomass
Fossil
Nuclear
Energy cycle
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SolarThe Sun is 150 million kilometres away, and amazingly powerful.
How it works
solar cells (photovoltaic or photoelectric cells)
solar water heating
solar power station
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Solar Power Station
Solar OneBarstow, California
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Solar Power Station - principle
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Solar Water Heating - principleHeat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels on the roof.
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Solar Water Heating - principleAnother principle – a system of parabolic mirrors (like a spout).
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Solar map of the Czech Republic
Our town is situated in the area with best insolation
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WindWe've used the wind as an energy source
for a long time.
How it works
windmill (used in the Middle Ages)
wind generator
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Windmill
Historical windmills in the Czech Republic
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Wind generator - principle
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Sailing shipEnergy from wind
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Windsurfing
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Huriccane – a destructive power
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HydroWe have used running water as an energy source for thousands of years, mainly to grind corn.
How it works
watermill (used in the Middle Ages)
hydraulic power plant
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Watermill
Historical watermill in Slup, near Znojmo
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Make your watermillWhat you need:
How to do:
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Hydraulic power plantA dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.
Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.
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The most important series of dams in the Czech Republic is called the Vltava Cascade, consisting of nine water works: Lipno I, Lipno II, Hnevkovice, Korensko, Orlik, Kamyk, Slapy, Stechovice and Vrane.
1900 MW in total Slapy
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Vltava river
Built in 1954 - 1961
- 720 millions m3 of water
- 4x91 MW
Czech Water Power Plant "Orlik"
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Lipno – hydro power plant
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Vranov hydro power plant – 25 km far from our town
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The biggest hydro power in the world
Itaipu, Parana river, Brasil / Paraquay, 12600 MW
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WaveHow it works
the waves arriving cause the water in the chamber to rise and fall
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Wave Power Station
The Limpet’s design makes it easy to build and install. Its low profile gives low visibility, so it doesn’t intrude on coastal landscapes or views.
A company called Wavegen now operate a commercial wave power station called "Limpet“.
The island of Islay, Scotland’s west coast
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Wave Power Station
A company called Ocean Power Delivery are developing a method of offshore wave energy collection, using a floating tube called "Pelamis".
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TidalTidal power - energy from the sea
The movement of the sea could be a huge energy source, but only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.
These work rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is much bigger.
How it works
Tidal barrages
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Tidal power station – example 1
Swanturbines
Instead of wind driving the rotor, a tidal stream turbine uses water.
Swanturbines is a consortium of 9 partners led by Swanturbines Ltd.
Swansea, Wales, UK
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Tidal power station – example 2vertical-axis turbines
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Tidal power station – example 3Another option is to use offshore turbines, rather like an underwater wind farm.
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Geothermal energy
Diagram shows Icelandic geothermal power station takes advantage of heat from magna chamber relatively close to the surface.
Iceland
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Iceland
Hot water pipeline runs for 17 kms from geothermal plantto Reykjavik. Water provides most of city’s space heating needs.
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GeothermalHow it works
Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.
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Biomass
Wood was once our main fuel. We burned it to heat our homes and cook our food.
"Bioconversion" uses plant and animal wastes to produce fuels such as methanol, natural gas, and oil.
We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.
energy from organic materials
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Bioenergy Cycle
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Bioenergy Cycle
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Type of Biomass - Corn
http://www.geo.msu.edu/geo333/corn.html
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Type of Biomass - Soybeans
http://agproducts.unl.edu/
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Type of Biomass - Sorghum
http://www.okfarmbureau.org/press_pass/galleries/grainSorghum/
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Type of Biomass - Sugar Cane Bagasse
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Type of Biomass - Switchgrass
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Type of Biomass - Hybrid Poplar
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Type of Biomass - Corn Stover
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Type of Biomass - Wood Chips & Sawdust
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html http://www.energytrust.org/RR/bio/
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Type of Biomass - Tracy Biomass Plant
Truck unloading wood chips that will fuel the Tracy Biomass Plant, Tracy, California.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/biomass/biomass.html
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Type of Biomass - Municipal Solid Waste
http://www.eeingeorgia.org/eic/images/landfill.jpg
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Biomass Direct Combustion
Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)
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Integrated Waste Plant
Boyle, Renewable Energy, Oxford University Press (2004)
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Biomass Gasifier
• 200 tons of wood chips daily
• Forest thinnings; wood pallets
• Converted to gas• Combined cycle gas
turbine• 8MW power output
McNeil Generating Station biomass gasifier – 8MW
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Biodiesel Bus
http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/photos.html
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Fossil Fuel EnergyHow it works:
Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt.
Oil and gas can be burnt directly.
BurnFuel
heat waterto makesteam
steam turnsturbines
turbines turn generators
electrical powersent aroundcountry
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Fossil Fuel EnergyGeothermal Energy
Hot waterstorage
Waterpenetratesdownthroughtherock
Mined coal
Pipeline
Pump
Oil well
Gas well
Oil storage
CoalOil and Natural Gas
Contourstrip mining
PipelineDrillingtower
Magma
Hot rock
Natural gasOil
Impervious rock
Water Water
Oil drillingplatformon legs
Floating oil drillingplatform
Valves
Undergroundcoal mine
Water is heatedand brought upas dry steam or
wet steam
Area stripmining
Geothermalpower plant
Coal seam
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Coal mining
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Coal Power Station
Melnik, Czech Republic
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Oil
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Gas or water is injected back into the reservoir usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.
Crude-oil production
A hole bored into the earth
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Crude-oil production Deep Sea Exploration
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Oil Power Station
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Gas pipelines in Europe
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Gas pipelines in the Czech Republic
Plynovod
see:
Hostim (15km from Znojmo)
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Gas Power Station
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Nuclear Energy
Nuclearfissionmakesheat
heat waterto makesteam
steam turnsturbines
turbines turn generators
electrical powersent aroundcountry
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Nuclear Power Station - principle
Reactor - separated cooling circuits
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Nuclear Power Station - principle
Nuclear power station Dukovany, 35 km from Znojmo
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Nuclear Energywhat to do with spent uranium
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WATERWATER
MINERALMINERAL
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALPlant DiversityPlant Diversity
ENERGY FLOWENERGY FLOW
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALSoil OrganismSoil OrganismDiversityDiversity
SUNSUNCloudsClouds
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The Cycle WaterThe Cycle Water
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Energy Cycle in Living Things
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END
Gymnazium a SOSPg, Pontassievska 3
Znojmo
Czech Republic
Main resources:
http://www.energyweb.cz
http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/index.htm