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Endoscopy

Endoscopy is a way of looking inside the body using a flexible tube that has a small camera

on the end of it. This instrument is called an endoscope.

How the Test is Performed

There are many types of endoscopes. Each one is named according to the organs or areas they

are used to examine.

For example:

Arthroscope: Used to look directly in the joints

Bronchoscope: Used to look in the airways and lungs Cystoscope: Used to view the inside of the bladder Laparoscope: Used to look directly at the ovaries, appendix, or other abdominal

organs

An endoscope is passed through a natural body opening or small cut. For example, a

laparoscope is inserted through small surgical cuts in the pelvic or belly area. In men, a

urinary tract endoscope is passed through the opening of the urethra.

A gastrointestinal endoscope may be inserted through the mouth or anus. An ultrasound

probe can be added to a gastrointestinal endoscope. This is called an endoscopic ultrasound.Depending on the area of interest, this device can also be passed through the mouth or anus.

Small instruments can be inserted through an endoscope and used to take samples of

suspicious tissues.

This article offers a general overview on endoscopy. For more information, see the specific

procedure:

Anoscopy Bronchoscopy Colonoscopy Cystoscopy EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) Enteroscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Laparoscopy Sigmoidoscopy

How to Prepare for the Test

Ask your health care provider if you need to do anything to prepare for your endoscopy. You

may be asked not to eat or drink before most types of endoscopy. Before an examination of

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the lower gastrointestinal tract, you may be asked to use enemas or laxatives to clear out the

large intestine.

How the Test Will Feel

You may be given medicine to help you relax and possibly fall asleep. This is called sedation.With the right sedation, you should have little, if any, discomfort.

Sedation is usually not given to people having an endoscopic ultrasound of the rectum. The

endoscope will make you feel like you need to move the bowels (pass stool), but it should not

cause any pain.

Why the Test is Performed

There are many different reasons to perform an endoscopy. For example, your doctor may

order an endoscope if you have bleeding, pain, difficulty swallowing, and a change in bowel

habits. Colonoscopy can also be done to screen for colon polyps and colon cancer.

For more information, see the specific article:

Anoscopy Bronchoscopy Colonoscopy Cystoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Enteroscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Laparoscopy Sigmoidoscopy

Normal Results

The endoscopy should show normal appearance and function of the area being examined.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results depend on the type of exam being performed. Your health care provider

will explain your results after the endoscopy.

For detailed information see:

Anoscopy Bronchoscopy Chorionic villus sampling Colonoscopy Cystoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Enteroscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Laparoscopy

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SigmoidoscopyRisks

Bleeding Infection Pain Tearing (perforation) of the tissue wall during endoscopy

Reactions to the sedation can occur, although they are rare. For this reason your breathing,

blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen level will be monitored during the procedure.

Considerations

Endoscopies also can be used to treat certain diseases or conditions. For example, tumors can

be removed or bleeding from lesions can be stopped.

Update Date: 2/20/2011

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General

Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also

reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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